RE: Schema Design: Composition vs Subclassing

Agreed. I understand that there are limits to how much can be done without
access to the full instance document. But I still don't have a clear idea as
to what the limits are on SAX's ability to evaluate XPath expressions. Is
there a good reference on this somewhere?

I realize that OAGIS' requirements are somewhat unique, but our need to
restrict down a relaxed model requires only simple (local) cardinality
constraints, not full co-occurrence constraints. For that reason, we'd find
an XPath subset adequate.

Still, no attempt to add a constraint mechanism to Schema should be without
support for evaluating co-occurrence constraints. The question comes again,
can SAX-based XPath evaluators retain enough context to evaluate such
expressions without retaining the entire DOM?

Mark


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Mark Feblowitz                                   [t] 617.715.7231
XML Architect                                     [f] 617.495.0188 
Frictionless Commerce Incorporated     [e] mfeblowitz@frictionless.com
400 Technology Square, 9th Floor 
Cambridge, MA 02139 
http://www.frictionless.com   
 

 -----Original Message-----
From: 	Eddie Robertsson [mailto:erobertsson@allette.com.au] 
Sent:	Tuesday, April 23, 2002 7:42 PM
To:	Mark Feblowitz
Cc:	xmlschema-dev@w3.org
Subject:	Re: Schema Design: Composition vs Subclassing

> Most important is how usable the constraint language is, and how well it
is
> integrated with Schema. Ideally I'll like to see a constraint language
that
> it fits into schema, rather than one that's stuffed into the appinfo. And
> that should probably be a guiding principle: design a constraint language
as
> it would be incorporated into Schema - and then determine how it could
> (temporarily) implemented as living within - and extracted from - appinfo.

I agree. I'd very much like to see a constraint language that was integrated
within XML Schema and hopefully we will see something like this in the next
version if there is support for co-occurence constraints. However, since SAX
can
be used to validate XML Schemas I'm not sure how powerful these constraint
checks will be. I think this was the reason why the uniqueness constraints
in
the current spec only use a limited XPath and I'm not sure this will change
in
the next version. The power of Schematron is that you have access to the
whole
document and the co-occurence constraint checks are nearly limitless. So, if
an
equally powerful constraint language should be integrated in the spec this
would
add much to the current validators.

Cheers,
/Eddie

>
>
> As I said in my original posting, though, collocation of constraints could
> be problematic, if there is a need for separate constraint sets. It
wouldn't
> matter to me that the constraints are context-sensitive, if I needed to
keep
> several sets separate from the schema file. Then I'd just resort to
> expressing the context in the XPath of each constraint and be done with
it.
>
> Mark
>
>
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
> ----
>
> Mark Feblowitz                                   [t] 617.715.7231
> XML Architect                                     [f] 617.495.0188
> Frictionless Commerce Incorporated     [e] mfeblowitz@frictionless.com
> 400 Technology Square, 9th Floor
> Cambridge, MA 02139
> http://www.frictionless.com
>
>
>  -----Original Message-----
> From:   Eddie Robertsson [mailto:erobertsson@allette.com.au]
> Sent:   Wednesday, April 17, 2002 7:52 PM
> To:     Mark Feblowitz
> Cc:     'John Utz'; Paul Kiel; xmlschema-dev@w3.org; Henry S. Thompson
> Subject:        Re: Schema Design: Composition vs Subclassing
>
> Hi Mark,
>
> > FWIW, the fact that a Schematron constraint is co-located doesn't reduce
> the
> > amount you have to express in the constraint itself - the constraint
> doesn't
> > know where it was extracted from, so it's location in the schema has no
> > bearing on the scope  of the rule. You have to state that explicitly.
>
> When I wrote the original XSD2Schtrn.xsl stylesheet my first thought was
to
> only
> declare the Schematron constraints on the assertion level instead of the
> rule
> level. This would mean that the context of the appinfo in the XML Schema
> would
> decide what the context attribute would be for the Schematron rule. I
> abandoned
> this solution mainly due to the following reasons:
>
> 1) My XSLT skills are limited (which showed when Francis rewrote and
> simplified
> my original script) and having the stylesheet determine the context would
> add
> more complexity to the stylesheet.
>
> 2) I think this would have been too limited. For example, I've found that
in
> many cases it's very useful to include predicates to determine the context
> of
> rule or to decide whether the rule should be applied only to one instance
of
> a
> particular element or all elements with this name in the document.
>
> Do you think it would be helpful to have the Schematron context decided by
> the
> context in where it's declared in the XML Schema?
>
> Cheers,
> /Eddie
>
> > We toyed with the prospect of putting the constraints in appinfo and
> decided
> > to store them separately, mainly for configuration management purposes.
We
> > wanted to be able to change the constraints (or add new ones) without
> > rev'ing the rest of the definition. With co-located constraints, the
user
> > can't tell which part of the xsd has changed.
> >
> > Mark
> >
> >
>
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
> > ----
> >
> > Mark Feblowitz                                   [t] 617.715.7231
> > Frictionless Commerce Incorporated     [f] 617.495.0188
> > XML Architect                                     [e]
> > mfeblowitz@frictionless.com
> > 400 Technology Square, 9th Floor
> > Cambridge, MA 02139
> > www.frictionless.com
> >
> >
> >  -----Original Message-----
> > From:   John Utz [mailto:utz@singingfish.com]
> > Sent:   Wednesday, April 17, 2002 11:41 AM
> > To:     Paul Kiel
> > Cc:     xmlschema-dev@w3.org; Henry S. Thompson
> > Subject:        Re: Schema Design: Composition vs Subclassing
> >
> > Hi;
> >
> > please forgive my impertinent interruption......
> >
> > On Tue, 16 Apr 2002, Paul Kiel wrote:
> >
> > > Thanks Jeni and Mark,
> > >
> > > You both have hit the crux of the matter exactly.  I guess I was
hoping
> > for
> > > that magical "other option" that would meet our needs and remain
simple.
> >
> > the fact that one doesnt seem to exist for what is a very reasonable
> > problem has increased my dissatisfaction with pure XMLSchema to a
crucial
> > point.
> >
> > this isnt the only 'cant do that in XMLSchema' that i have experienced
> > lately. my own cross to bear has been co-occurence constraints.
> >
> > > I think we are just plain stuck with creating a different Person for
> > > each transaction.
> >
> > bleah! it's a solution of sorts, and it's probably fine if it's going to
> > only be 3 different Persons. but what if it's 15? or 50?
> >
> > > This won't prevent me from creating a model for
> > > reference and consistency, however.  One that is seperate from
> > > transactional schemas. That "pain" as Mark puts it is worth a bit of
> > > effort.  The derivation by restriction is not an option, derivation by
> > > extension (with external constraints) is a good approach but one that
> > > would take some convincing, and using abstract / redefine would be
> > > good job security for the schema editors like me but not so for domain
> > > experts who are newer to xml schema.
> >
> > Would using Schematron payload in the appinfo field to define the
> > derived PersonTypes make the model simpler and more directly
> > extensible? sorry that it's such an off the wall suggestion, but it
seems
> > like a good question to ask at this point since the pure XMLSchema
> > suggestions seem to be getting pretty contrived.
> >
> > i dont have an explicit recipe of *how* you would describe it in
> > schematron.i have only paid attention to this thread from the
perspective
> > of the large schema design and implementation issues, so i dont know
your
> > specific needs.
> >
> > i simply tossed this out because it solved my co-occurance constraint
> > problem, and the more i think of it, the more convince i am that it's  a
> > general, albeit hacky, solution.
> >
> > (thanks go to eddie and roger and jeni and probably others that i am
> > unaware of for pointing out this solution in the first place)
> >
> > > Thanks,
> > > Paul Kiel
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > > ----- Original Message -----
> > > From: "Jeni Tennison" <jeni@jenitennison.com>
> > > To: "Paul Kiel" <paul@hr-xml.org>
> > > Cc: <xmlschema-dev@w3.org>
> > > Sent: Tuesday, April 16, 2002 12:00 PM
> > > Subject: Re: Schema Design: Composition vs Subclassing
> > >
> > >
> > > > Hi Paul,
> > > >
> > > > > I have a question about the effect of this best practice. It is
> > > > > regarding context-specific use of components. Let's take the
element
> > > > > <Person> in a human resources context. (BTW - <Person> is too
broad
> > > > > a concept to actually encode, this is only for discussion). We may
> > > > > want to use a <Person> in many contexts, where some of its
> > > > > components are required in one and not in another. Let's say we
have
> > > > > two transactions of Person below (and that all children are stand
> > > > > alone components):
> > > > >
> > > > > Transaction 1:
> > > > > <Person>
> > > > >      <Name/><!-- required -->
> > > > >      <Skills/><!-- required -->
> > > > >      <Height/><!-- required -->
> > > > >      <Weight/><!-- required -->
> > > > > </Person>
> > > > > In this transaction, we need all the data about this person to do
> > > > > the transaction.
> > > > >
> > > > > Transaction 2:
> > > > > <Person>
> > > > >      <Name/><!-- required -->
> > > > >      <Skills/><!-- optional -->
> > > > > </Person>
> > > > > In this transaction, we only need a name of the person and the
> > > > > skills are optional. The Height and Weight have no meaning in this
> > > > > context and can't occur.
> > > >
> > > > None of the methods that you suggested seem particularly good to me.
> > > > In the example above, you have one thing that stays the same
(<Person>
> > > > always has a <Name> element child), and two things that change
> > > > (whether <Skills> is required or optional, and whether the <Person>
> > > > includes a <Height> and <Weight>).
> > > >
> > > > If you can take advantage of treating all Person elements in the
same
> > > > way when it comes to their Name (i.e. that you can get some code
reuse
> > > > out of it), I'd make a general PersonType that included a <Name>
> > > > element:
> > > >
> > > > <xs:complexType name="PersonType" abstract="yes">
> > > >   <xs:sequence>
> > > >     <xs:element name="Name" type="xs:string" />
> > > >   </xs:sequence>
> > > > </xs:complexType>
> > > >
> > > > I'd then create types that extend this base type. For Transaction 1:
> > > >
> > > > <xs:complexType name="Transaction1PersonType">
> > > >   <xs:extension base="PersonType">
> > > >     <xs:sequence>
> > > >       <xs:element name="Skills" type="SkillsType" />
> > > >       <xs:element name="Height" type="xs:decimal" />
> > > >       <xs:element name="Weight" type="xs:decimal" />
> > > >     </xs:sequence>
> > > >   </xs:extension>
> > > > </xs:complexType>
> > > >
> > > > <xs:complexType name="Transaction2PersonType">
> > > >   <xs:extension base="PersonType">
> > > >     <xs:sequence>
> > > >       <xs:element name="Skills" type="SkillsType" minOccurs="0" />
> > > >     </xs:sequence>
> > > >   </xs:extension>
> > > > </xs:complexType>
> > > >
> > > > If you can't take advantage of the fact that the Person elements in
> > > > Transaction1 and Transaction2 are similar (i.e. for some reason you
> > > > can't share code between them) then you could design through
> > > > composition instead. This time the shared components should go into
> > > > groups:
> > > >
> > > > <xs:group name="NameGroup">
> > > >   <xs:sequence>
> > > >     <xs:element name="Name" type="xs:string" />
> > > >   </xs:sequence>
> > > > </xs:group>
> > > >
> > > > <xs:group name="SkillsGroup">
> > > >   <xs:sequence>
> > > >     <xs:element name="Skills" type="SkillsType" />
> > > >   </xs:sequence>
> > > > </xs:group>
> > > >
> > > > <xs:group name="HeightAndWeightGroup">
> > > >   <xs:sequence>
> > > >     <xs:element name="Height" type="xs:decimal" />
> > > >     <xs:element name="Weight" type="xs:decimal" />
> > > >   </xs:sequence>
> > > > </xs:group>
> > > >
> > > > Then you could have two (possibly anonymous) types that bring those
> > > > groups together as required:
> > > >
> > > > <xs:complexType name="Transaction1PersonType">
> > > >   <xs:sequence>
> > > >     <xs:group ref="NameGroup" />
> > > >     <xs:group ref="SkillsGroup" />
> > > >     <xs:group ref="HeightAndWeightGroup" />
> > > >   </xs:sequence>
> > > > </xs:complexType>
> > > >
> > > > <xs:complexType name="Transaction2PersonType">
> > > >   <xs:sequence>
> > > >     <xs:group ref="NameGroup" />
> > > >     <xs:group ref="SkillsGroup" minOccurs="0" />
> > > >   </xs:sequence>
> > > > </xs:complexType>
> > > >
> > > > A third possibility would be to have an abstract version of the
> > > > PersonType that includes a group with nothing in it as a
placeholder:
> > > >
> > > > <xs:complexType name="PersonType" abstract="yes">
> > > >   <xs:sequence>
> > > >     <xs:element name="Name" type="xs:string" />
> > > >     <xs:group ref="PersonGroup" />
> > > >   </xs:sequence>
> > > > </xs:complexType>
> > > >
> > > > <xs:group name="PersonGroup">
> > > >   <xs:sequence />
> > > > </xs:group>
> > > >
> > > > Then, in the schema for Transaction 1, you can redefine the
> > > > PersonGroup group to add the required elements:
> > > >
> > > > <xs:redefine href="baseSchema">
> > > >   <xs:group name="PersonGroup">
> > > >     <xs:sequence>
> > > >       <xs:group ref="PersonGroup" />
> > > >       <xs:element name="Skills" type="SkillsType" />
> > > >       <xs:element name="Height" type="xs:decimal" />
> > > >       <xs:element name="Weight" type="xs:decimal" />
> > > >     </xs:sequence>
> > > >   </xs:group>
> > > > </xs:redefine>
> > > >
> > > > and similarly in the schema for Transaction 2:
> > > >
> > > > <xs:redefine href="baseSchema">
> > > >   <xs:group name="PersonGroup">
> > > >     <xs:sequence>
> > > >       <xs:group ref="PersonGroup" />
> > > >       <xs:element name="Skills" type="SkillsType" minOccurs="0" />
> > > >     </xs:sequence>
> > > >   </xs:group>
> > > > </xs:redefine>
> > > >
> > > > Personally, I think I'd favour 1, but I'm in the process of being
> > > > persuaded towards composition, so I reserve the right to change my
> > > > mind.
> > > >
> > > > Cheers,
> > > >
> > > > Jeni
> > > >
> > > > ---
> > > > Jeni Tennison
> > > > http://www.jenitennison.com/
> > > >
> > > >
> > > >
> > >
> > >
> > >

Received on Wednesday, 24 April 2002 13:09:34 UTC