Re: Help with modelling a Valency Lexicon using Ontolex

Dear Francesco,

the issue of representing semantic frames has also been surveyed in the  
recent Pret-a-LLOD Report on Vocabularies for Interoperable Language  
Resources and Services (2020, available from  
https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/825182/results, see  sections 2.1.4  
and 2.2.5), and we identified a need to work on that topic. Similar to  
what Alexander wrote, we identified PreMon as promising model vocabulary  
and would recommend it for the time being. However, with numerous use  
cases (modelling FrameNet, PropBank and VerbNet, modelling Prague-style  
semantic roles, modelling syntactic frames as in synsem) it would be  
beneficial to develop designated guidelines within OntoLex, e.g., by doing  
a revision of the SynSem module.

If we get approval for the OntoLex "face-to-face" (eventually maybe  
"screen-to-screen") meeting at LDK, we could add a discussion there on how  
to deal with semantic frames in OntoLex to the agenda.

Best,
Christian

Am .12.2020, 09:53 Uhr, schrieb Алик Кириллович  
<alik.kirillovich@gmail.com>:

> Dear Francesco,
>
> As I know, OntoLex/Lemon doesn't provide the means for direct linking of  
> a lexical sense (i.e. lexical unit in your terminology) with a syntactic  
> frame.
>
> To do this, some projects define their own custom properties (such as  
> pdevl-s:frameSense in PDEV-Lemon), but, of course, this leads to  
> interoperability >issues.
>
> I think using of PreMOn is a viable option. A lexical sense and a  
> syntactic frame can be linked indirectly by the following chain: Lexical  
> entry → Lexical >sense → Synset (defined as a Lexical concept and a  
> Semantic class) → Semantic argument → Syntactic argument → Syntactic  
> frame.
>
> According to this modelling pattern, a verb synset should be  
> additionally defined as an instance of pmo:SemanticClass and be provided  
> with semantic >arguments. I think, pmo:SemanticClass fits quite well.  
> SemanticClass can be used to model semantic frames. A semantic frame, in  
> turn, is an event or a >situation, and it is exactly what a verb synset  
> represents.
>
> With respect to your resource, the proposed pattern can be realized as  
> follows:
>
>> @base <http://lila-erc.eu/data/lexicalResources/>.
>> @prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>.
>> @prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos#>.
>> @prefix ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#>.
>> @prefix synsem: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/synsem#>.
>> @prefix lexinfo: <http://www.lexinfo.net/ontology/3.0/lexinfo#>.
>> @prefix pmo: <http://premon.fbk.eu/ontology/core#>.
>> @prefix lwn: <LatinWordNet/ontology#> .
>>
>> #The "abduco" verb
>> <LatinWordNet/id/LexicalEntry/l_86867>
>>  a ontolex:LexicalEntry;
>>  rdfs:label "abduco";
>>  ontolex:canonicalForm  <data/id/lemma/86867>;
>>  ontolex:sense
>>    <LatinWordNet/id/LexicalSense/l_86867_00173338-v>,
>>    <LatinWordNet/id/LexicalSense/l_86867_00783246-v>,
>>    <...>;
>>  synsem:synBehavior
>>    <LatinWordNet/id/SyntacticFrame/l_86867-frame1>,
>>    <...>.
>>
>> #Its lexical sense   <LatinWordNet/id/LexicalSense/l_86867_00173338-v>
>>  a ontolex:LexicalSense;
>>  rdfs:label "Sense 00173338-v of abduco";
>>  ontolex:isLexicalizedSenseOf
>>    <http://wordnet-rdf.princeton.edu/wn30/00173338-v>;
>>  ontolex:isSenseOf
>>    <LatinWordNet/id/LexicalEntry/l_86867>.
>>
>> #A synset, provided by semantic arguments    
>> <LatinWordNet/id/LexicalConcept/00173338-v>
>>  a ontolex:LexicalConcept, pmo:SemanticClass;
>>  rdfs:label "Removing event";
>>  lwn:hyponym
>>    <LatinWordNet/id/LexicalConcept/01434278-v>,
>>    <LatinWordNet/id/LexicalConcept/01351170-v>,
>>    <...>;
>>  pmo:semRole
>>    <LatinWordNet/id/SemanticRole/00173338-v@act>,
>>    <LatinWordNet/id/SemanticRole/00173338-v@dir1>,
>>    <LatinWordNet/id/SemanticRole/00173338-v@dir3>,
>>    <LatinWordNet/id/SemanticRole/00173338-v@pat>;
>>  ontolex:lexicalizedSense
>>    <LatinWordNet/id/LexicalSense/l_86867_00173338-v>,
>>    <LatinWordNet/id/LexicalSense/l_100998_00173338-v>,
>>    <...>;
>>  #External link to a WordNet synset
>>  skos:closeMatch
>>    <http://wordnet-rdf.princeton.edu/wn30/00173338-v>.
>>
>> #A semantic argument
>> <LatinWordNet/id/SemanticRole/00173338-v@act>
>>  a pmo:SemanticRole;
>>  rdfs:label "Agent of a Removing event";
>>  #A thematic role of the argument, defined in the assumed LWN ontology
>>  lwn:thematicRole lwn:act.
>>
>> #A syntactic frame
>> <LatinWordNet/id/SyntacticFrame/l_86867-frame1>
>>  a synsem:SyntacticFrame;
>>  rdfs:label "Syntactic frame of the «abduco» verb in the 00173338-v  
>> sense";
>>  synsem:synArg
>>    <LatinWordNet/id/SyntacticArgument/l_86867-arg-1>,
>>    <LatinWordNet/id/SyntacticArgument/l_86867-arg-2>,
>>    <...>.
>>
>> #A syntactic argument, linked to a semantic argument       
>> <LatinWordNet/id/SyntacticArgument/l_86867-arg-1>
>>  a synsem:SyntacticArgument;
>>  rdfs:label "Subject of the «abduco» verb";
>>  lexinfo:case lexinfo:nominativeCase;
>>  #Mapping between the syntactic and semantic arguments
>>  pmo:valueObj
>>    <LatinWordNet/id/SemanticRole/00173338-v@act>.
>
> Best,
> Alexander Kirillovich
> Kazan Federal University
>
> вт, 15 дек. 2020 г. в 05:05, Francesco Mambrini  
> <francesco.mambrini@unicatt.it>:
>>
>> Dear all,
>>
>> sorry for the very long email. I would be very grateful if anybody  
>> could give me some advice with the following problem.
>>
>> The rest of the LiLa Team and I are working on a new version of our  
>> Latin Vallex lexicon that we want to publish as LLOD:
>>
>> https://itreebank.marginalia.it/view/lvl.php
>>
>> The Latin Vallex describes the valency frame attached to possible  
>> senses of a series of valency-capable words, which are for now limited  
>> to verbs. Each >>sense of a verb is assigned a valency frame that is  
>> described with the appropriate set of semantic-role descriptors (called  
>> "functors"; a list is available >>here). Furthermore, we're defining  
>> the senses in close connection with our new Latin WordNet.
>>
>> So, for instance, the verb "abduco" (remove) in the sense connected to  
>> the synset "remove something concrete, as by lifting, pushing, or  
>> taking off, or >>remove something abstract", is assigned a frame with  
>> the roles: ACT (roughly: agent), DIR1 (direction from), DIR3 (direction  
>> to), PAT (roughly: >>patient). Note that "functors" are semantic,  
>> rather than syntactic, descriptors.
>>
>> Since the beginning our Vallex has been closely modeled on the Czech  
>> Vallex:
>> http://ufal..mff.cuni.cz/vallex
>>
>> http://ufal.mff.cuni.cz/%7Elopatkova/literatura/06-TR-vallex-2.0.pdf
>>
>> In the theoretical frame of Prague's Vallex, "valency frames" and  
>> "roles" are assigned to "Lexical Units", i.e (quoting from the PDF  
>> linked above) "form->>meaning complexes with (relatively) stable and  
>> discrete semantic properties. Roughly speaking, LU can be understood as  
>> a given word in the given >>sense"; frames are defined locally for each  
>> lexical unit (there are no general classes of frames or of words, like  
>> VerbNet or Propbank classes).
>>
>> As all the LiLa resources are based on Ontolex, I am looking for any  
>> Ontolex-based solution that would be coherent with the Lexicon as it  
>> was >>designed. Now, it seems to me that it would be relatively easy to  
>> model it using the older classes and properties of Lemon, and assigning  
>> semantic roles >>to Ontolex senses (as was done with UbyLemon, if I see  
>> it right).
>>
>> I have a much harder time figuring out how I can model this information  
>> using SynSem now. One could theoretically say that the Vallex model  
>> >>presupposes a syntactic frame that is linked to a semantic frame (the  
>> Czech Vallex does indeed link the two); but I am quite at loss on how I  
>> could model >>this semantic frame using SynSem's ontology mapping,  
>> which seems designed to do other things.
>>
>> I have also considered Premon (https://premon.fbk.eu/), but I am not  
>> sure that our lexicon really fits in there either, as Premon is  
>> designed to work >>especially with semantic classes (like FrameNet's  
>> frames, or Propbank classes), which we don't have. Also, Premon  
>> requires you to attach roles and >>frames to Ontolex Lexical Concepts,  
>> which is not what our Vallex does. The quoted definition of "Lexical  
>> Unit" is, I think, compatible with an Ontolex >>Sense, but not at all  
>> with a Lexical Concept.
>>
>> So, this is why I would be extremely interested in learning of any  
>> suggestion or any possible opinion fom you!
>>
>> Many thanks for your help.
>>
>> Best regards,
>>
>> Francesco
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>>> www.unicatt.it/5permille/