Re: [a11y-metadata-project] Re: Schema.org accessibility proposal Review...

(Gerardo's reply, which arrived when I was almost done writing this,
covers some of the same issues, but I will send this anyway in case a
differently worded explanation is helpful to anyone.)

The solution to knowing which of the accessModes listed for a given
resource are required for understanding the resource and which are not has
traditionally (in Access for All usage) been that the matching system
analyzes several pieces of metadata together to draw a conclusion. Here's
the example of a video with captions and audio description, which Charles
McN correctly marks up as:

<div itemscope=²² itemtype=²http://schema.org/Movie²>
<meta itemprop=²accessMode² content=²visual²/>
<meta itemprop=²accessMode² content=²auditory²/>
<meta itemprop=²mediaFeature² content=²audioDescription²/>
<meta itemprop=²mediaFeature² content=²captions²/>
</div>


We have resources like this in Teachers' Domain. And the solution there to
deciding which resources are well-suited a particular user's requirements
is to analyze the whole of the metadata in comparison to the user's
preferences. If a user cannot see, then if a resource contains "visual"
media we look to see if there is a mediaFeature that can substitute for
visual. "audioDescription" is an auditory substitute for visual material,
so this resource taken as a whole meets this user's needs.

There is knowledge encoded in these terms that is not explicit, and Andy
has been reminding us for years that it would be useful to encode that
knowledge in a machine-readable way. For right now, the only solution I am
aware of is to have business logic in the code for matching resources to
users that KNOWS what audioDescription is. Some of the adaptation
relationships are straightforward and could be described in logic. Others
are not as obvious and have multiple possibilities.

This is discussed in the IMS AfA v3 Best Practices and Implementation
Guide. See section 7.2 for relationships that are well defined (note that
the name of the property in IMS is "adaptationType" which the Schema.org
proposal has renamed "mediaFeature"):
<http://imsglobal.org/accessibility/afav3p0pd/AfA3p0_BestPractice_v1p0pd.ht
ml#_Toc324315321>

The more difficult relationships are discussed in Appendix B of that
document, in section B2:
<http://imsglobal.org/accessibility/afav3p0pd/AfA3p0_BestPractice_v1p0pd.ht
ml#_Toc324315337>

For the Schema.org simplest use case, where individual users see a group
of search results and wish to filter them for features they know they can
use, I expect that a user who cannot see and who is searching through a
lot of videos would say "Oh, these ones have audio description. I'll look
at only these." So they would select that filter from the list because
they have in their heads the knowledge of what audioDescription is.

The more advanced use case, where a system does complete matching to a
user's profile and finds all resources good for them (in this example of a
person who can't see, it would be those that don't have any visuals, as
well as images that have text description and videos that have audio
description) requires a smart system that can analyze all the metadata on
each resource and sort out which of the accessModes have been adapted by a
mediaFeature and which have not. AccessModes that are present and do not
have any adaptation are required for full understanding of the resource.

I can't think of a simple way to enable that advanced use case by only
looking at accessModes. You could have a complex term that says "visuals
present but only required if you can't hear the mediaFeature
audioDescription" but then we would need a huge number of permutations of
terms to cover all possible use cases. Is it necessary to encode that into
a single property instead of taking the same info from the combination of
different properties as currently structured? Or have I misunderstood, and
that is not what this thread has been getting at?

-Madeleine 

On 9/8/13 9:45 AM, "Charles McCathie Nevile" <chaals@yandex-team.ru> wrote:

>On Sat, 07 Sep 2013 12:49:32 -0000, Andy Heath
><andyheath@axelrod.plus.com> wrote:
>
>> Chaals quoted (and wrote a little bit of):
>>>>> = accessMode =
>>>>
>>>>> It should be possible for a "single resource" to be available with
>>>>> more than one *set* of accessModes.
>>>>
>>>> I agree and this is the design.  A single resource can require one or
>>>> more accessMode(s).
>>>
>>> Yes, but...
>>>
>>>> Š the accessMode property describes "Human sensory perceptual system
>>>> or cognitive faculty through which a person may process or perceive
>>>> information." [Š]
>>>> We have also published a best practices and an implementation guide on
>>>> the use of accessMode at:
>>>> 
>>>><http://www.a11ymetadata.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/A11yMetadataPro
>>>>jectBestPracticesGuide_V.6.pdf>
>>>>
>>>> 
>>>><https://wiki.benetech.org/display/a11ymetadata/Practical+Properties+Gu
>>>>ide>
>>>>
>>
>> Chaals wrote:
>>
>>> Yep. But that has an example which I'll use:
>>>
>>> A movie with captions and extended audio description would be encoded
>>>as
>>> follows
>>> <div itemscope=²² itemtype=²http://schema.org/Movie²>
>>> <meta itemprop=²accessMode² content=²visual²/>
>>> <meta itemprop=²accessMode² content=²auditory²/>
>>> <meta itemprop=²mediaFeature² content=²audioDescription²/>
>>> <meta itemprop=²mediaFeature² content=²captions²/>
>>> </div>
>>>
>>> My first impression is that if the video has good audio description,
>>> then claiming it has accessMode "visual" seems wrong, since you don't
>>> need to see it. Likewise, since it is captioned, it seems you don't
>>>need
>>> to hear it.
>>>
>>> So it doesn't have a single *required* accessMode. On the other hand,
>>> you need to *either* see (clearly enough) or hear, in order to get the
>>> content.
>>
>> The interpretation we had in AfA 3.0 of each property like this was
>>that  
>> each specified not "accessMode required" but instead "accessMode
>> available".  Did this project take a different interpretation ?
>
>I got that impression by reading the best practices guide Gerardo pointed
> 
>to above:  
><http://www.a11ymetadata.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/A11yMetadataProjec
>tBestPracticesGuide_V.6.pdf>
>
>> I haven't yet read the rest of this because I'm trying to focus on the
>> same ISO meeting Chaals is in (but will do so) - this interpretation is
>> 
>> so crucial as to change the whole emphasis
>
>Indeed.
>
>On the other hand, if we don't take the view that an accessMode is
>required, I dont understand the logic that lets us match a resource to a
>user.
>
>> so I wanted to reply quickly on this one point.
>>
>> andy
>> axelrod access for all
>> DiversityNet
>> http://axelafa.com
>
>
>-- 
>Charles McCathie Nevile - Consultant (web standards) CTO Office, Yandex
>       chaals@yandex-team.ru         Find more at http://yandex.com
>
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Received on Sunday, 8 September 2013 14:36:59 UTC