- From: Ed Summers <ehs@pobox.com>
- Date: Mon, 19 Nov 2007 16:18:05 -0500
- To: "SWD Working Group" <public-swd-wg@w3.org>
I reviewed the semweb-faq [1] in light of SKOS and have a few suggestions. I inferred from Tom's message that the SWEO folks are looking for feedback on the current use of SKOS in the FAQ, as well as a response to a new "What is SKOS?" question. Alistair's timely posting [2] came in handy for the latter. Please feel to throw darts at this... //Ed ----- ... Must I use ontologies for Semantic Web Applications? "These different technologies differ in expressiveness but also in complexity: applications have a choice (RDF Schemas represent the simplest ontology level, OWL Full being the most complex one, SKOS when less rigorous terminologies, glossaries, are to be used, etc). They also have a choice of not to use any of those; the usage of ontologies is not a requirement for Semantic Web applications." I think it's important to encourage people to reuse ontologies before creating their own, and SKOS is a good example of a re-usable ontology. So here is some slightly modified language. These technologies differ in expressiveness but also in complexity. Applications have a choice along a range from RDF Schema for representing the simplest ontology level, to OWL Full for maximum expressiveness. In addition semantic web users are encouraged to leverage existing ontologies where possible: e.g. SKOS for representing basic structures like thesauri, taxonomies or other controlled vocabularies. Good places to look for existing ontologies are detailed elsewhere in this FAQ [3]. ----- ... tagging, folksonomies "While tagging is easy and somewhat useful, it destroys a lot of the semantics of the data. In the Semantic Web, instead of tagging data items with strings, they can be related to other resources which can be uniquely identified, like ones representing people and places. The relationships are very specific, like who took the photograph, who is in the photograph, where the photograph was taken." It seems to me that the semantic web community is beginning to see that folksonomies and tagging may have a role to play in the semantic web. For examples of this see flickrwrapper at dbpedia [4] and Alistair's latest thinking on SKOS [2]. I think it would serve the semantic web effort well by encouraging this collaboration rather than dismantling it. So here's a rephrasing of the above: While tagging is easy and somewhat useful, it often destroys a lot of the semantics of the data. A folksonomy tag is typically 2/3 of a RDF triple. The subject is known: e.g. the URL for the flickr image being tagged, or the URL being bookmarked in delicious. The object is known: e.g. http://flickr.com/photos/tags/cats or http://del.icio.us/tag/cats. But the predicate to connect them is often missing. Machine-tags [5] lend themselves to RDF more since they better capture the relationship between the subject and the object. Folksonomy providers are encouraged to capture or infer the semantics around their tags and to leverage semantic web technologies such as RDF and SKOS to publish machine readable versions of their concept schemes. ----- ... What is SKOS? The Simple Knowledge Organization System (SKOS) is an ontology for expressing the basic structure and content of concept schemes such as thesauri, classification schemes, subject heading lists, taxonomies, glossaries, folksonomies, other types of controlled vocabularies. It provides a standard, low-cost way of migrating existing concept schemes to the Semantic Web, so that they can be used as-is for the development of lightweight Semantic Web applications. SKOS is increasingly seen as a bridging technology, providing the missing link between the rigorous logical formalism of ontology languages such as OWL and the chaotic, informal and weakly-structured world of social approaches to information management, as exemplified by social tagging applications. [1] http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/SW-FAQ [2] http://isegserv.itd.rl.ac.uk/blogs/alistair/archives/84 [3] http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/SW-FAQ#findont [4] http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/flickrwrappr/ [5] http://www.flickr.com/groups/api/discuss/72157594497877875/
Received on Monday, 19 November 2007 21:18:26 UTC