- From: Fred Esch <fesch@us.ibm.com>
- Date: Mon, 31 Aug 2015 11:23:29 -0400
- To: Amelia Bellamy-Royds <amelia.bellamy.royds@gmail.com>
- Cc: public-svg-a11y@w3.org
- Message-Id: <201508311523.t7VFNme1003825@d01av04.pok.ibm.com>
All,
This is my view as a former chart rendering engine developer on units and
data types.
There is several datasets that may be used or produced by a product.
raw data - from an original source, which may be used for analysis by the
product
summarized data - which may be used for analyis by the product
data for rendering the chart
A charting engine only gets the last dataset - data for rendering the
chart. Products create this data knowing
how big they want their chart to be
how they want visible labels to appear on the chart
the chart renderer's API for formatting
what data precision the rendering engine needs to accomplish 1 & 2 given
3
A product has no reason to provide a chart renderer more information about
the data than is needed to draw the chart. This will be repeated throughout
the discussion and will seem like a party pooper for many potentially cool
features - like user agents formatting values. Anything a user agent does
that does not match the way the author wants items expressed in the chart
is unacceptable.
Units
In charts, when important, units will appear in labels, descriptions and/or
surrounding context. When the units are implied/expressed by context an
author may choose not provide unit information to the chart renderer.
Units should be tied to an axis. Units should also be tied directly to
data. For example, a chart may have temperature as the dependent variable
(Y axis) and the chart has two Y axes - a left axis in Centigrade and a
right axis in Fahrenheit. Any temperature on a data point, must have the
units tied to the data as it would be unknown which of the two axis related
Y scales a value referred to.
As mentioned in another email, I favor organizing charts so data items have
a group parent, so navigation through the chart can navigate from feature
to feature without dropping into features. The data group parent is a good
place where group summary information can be defined. Some of the summary
information that is useful are the value tuple information, printable names
for the variables; variable data range (min, max) in the group and I like
to provide indicators as to which of the child data items in the dataset
are the mins and maxs. I prefer much of the summary information to be in a
text description that a user can easily skip over.
I do not like the idea of user agents trying to format values as the
formatted values may not follow the same formatting as visible labels. Any
formatting differences a user agent has compared to what the author
defined in making the chart are unacceptable.
Data types
As mentioned above - the chart rendering engine only gets a minimally
sufficient data set to draw the chart. For drawing charts, data types
reduce to categorical (equally spaced) or continuous scales. And the
process by which the product converts from raw/summary data to categorical
or continuous scales is not known by the rendering engine.
In products, charts do not appear in isolation, so the context may explain
how missing data is treated, may explain generalizations that appear in the
chart or tabular data and provide context for interpreting the chart. For
example, a product may find and grade query results and show a bar chart of
strength of the result's match. The product explains taller bars are better
matches and the user is left to assume two bars nearly the same height are
almost equally good (but this is never explicitly stated). Any written
description of the results match and the tooltips on the bars simply state
- best match, 2nd best match, good match, poor match, poor match and poor
match. As you might guess none of the bars are of equal size, nor are the
drops between bars even. And for this discussion, you can ask what data
type am I? And would I want AT to know about the data type? Charts like
this example are not rare.
My preference is to have the author provide interesting information (ie. I
am the max value in the chart!) and formatted values as descriptions. I
think it is OK to provide machine readable values for data items. But it
would not be OK for a user agent to do statistics on values, summarize
values or format values independently of an authors descriptions. The
charting engine does not have the needed information (original data type,
missing data, conversion process, assumptions, rounding/precision in the
chart data) to pass on to the user agent that would allow a user agent to
do an acceptable job.
Regards, Fred
Fred Esch
Accessibility Focal, Watson Solutions
AARB Complex Visualization Working Group
Chair
W3C SVG Accessibility Task Force
IBM Watson
From: Amelia Bellamy-Royds <amelia.bellamy.royds@gmail.com>
To: public-svg-a11y@w3.org
Date: 08/28/2015 02:41 PM
Subject: Re: ARIA Graphics Module -- proposed roles hierarchy & data
properties
A few extra notes & follow-ups to consider when you're reading through the
summary I sent yesterday [1].
Notes from today's teleconference:
I got the feeling that no one wanted to get into the complication of
defining special roles and behavior for common chart types, so the
sections about bar charts, pie charts, etc., can be ignored. The
generalizable `graphics-datachart` role would be used instead.
Doug pointed out that I did not include any way to define the units
for a measurement. Based on the model I've created, this would be a
property of the `graphics-datascale` object (i.e., the axis or
legend). We could call it `aria-unittype` and the value would be a
localized string provided by the author, such as "millions of U.S. $"
or "kHz".
Chaals recommended we use XML Schema data types instead of coming up
with our own enumeration. You might want to check out the spec [2],
or maybe just this short summary table from MSDN [3].
Other complications to the data model:
The metadata for each variable in the dataset is attached to the
axis, legend, or other scale that displays it for sighted users.
What happens when multiple variables for a given data point are
displayed on the same axis, such as an extent with max and min?
Options:
The author could duplicate the metadata for the axis, even
though it only needs to be drawn once.
Alternatively, the max-min extent could be represented as a
two-point data line, where additional dimensions of the data
encode which type of measure (max versus min) each point
represents. But then you'd need metadata for the max versus
min scale.
Any other suggestions? We want it to still be generalizable;
for example, there might be max-min extents in multiple
directions.
I suggested that the order of variables (as id-refs to the
corresponding scales) could be set once on a group and inherited by
the child data points. But that doesn't address the common situation
where the group has certain data values that are either shared by
child data points or a summation of child data points. For example,
a stacked bar chart. Each stack has a data value on a categorical
axis as well as a total value on the quantitative axis. The child
bars then have a data value on a separate category (usually
associated with a legend of colors or fill patterns), and their
individual values on the quantitative axis. Options:
Give up on the idea of declaring the list of data scales once
and inheriting it.
Create a separate ARIA attribute for declaring the child
data-scales versus the group's own data scales.
Make it inheritance of the unused scales. So the stack would
have
aria-datascales="category, value, sub-category, value"
but only two data values, and the remaining data values would
be assigned for each of the child bars.
We had previously talked about using ARIA properties to explain how a
given data scale is visually conveyed: color, pattern, size, etc.
Except for the orientation of an axis, I don't yet have an attribute
to do this. It would also be attached to the data scale, and should
probably be a localized string provided by the author. I don't think
it's possible to create an exhaustive enumeration of all the ways
data might be represented.
As I mentioned on the call, I'll work on creating some practical examples
of marked-up charts for early next week.
Best,
Amelia
[1]:
https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-svg-a11y/2015Aug/att-0022/graphics-roles.html
[2]: http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/
[3]: https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms256220(v=vs.110).aspx
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<html><body><p>All,<br><br>This is my view as a former chart rendering engine developer on units and data types.<br>There is several datasets that may be used or produced by a product.<br>raw data - from an original source, which may be used for analysis by the product<br>summarized data - which may be used for analyis by the product<br>data for rendering the chart<br><br>A charting engine only gets the last dataset - data for rendering the chart. Products create this data knowing
<ol type="1"><li>how big they want their chart to be
<li>how they want visible labels to appear on the chart
<li>the chart renderer's API for formatting
<li>what data precision the rendering engine needs to accomplish 1 & 2 given 3<br></ol><br>A product has no reason to provide a chart renderer more information about the data than is needed to draw the chart. This will be repeated throughout the discussion and will seem like a party pooper for many potentially cool features - like user agents formatting values. Anything a user agent does that does not match the way the author wants items expressed in the chart is unacceptable.<br><br><b>Units</b><br>In charts, when important, units will appear in labels, descriptions and/or surrounding context. When the units are implied/expressed by context an author may choose not provide unit information to the chart renderer. <br><br>Units should be tied to an axis. Units should also be tied directly to data. For example, a chart may have temperature as the dependent variable (Y axis) and the chart has two Y axes - a left axis in Centigrade and a right axis in Fahrenheit. Any temperature on a data point, must have the units tied to the data as it would be unknown which of the two axis related Y scales a value referred to. <br><br>As mentioned in another email, I favor organizing charts so data items have a group parent, so navigation through the chart can navigate from feature to feature without dropping into features. The data group parent is a good place where group summary information can be defined. Some of the summary information that is useful are the value tuple information, printable names for the variables; variable data range (min, max) in the group and I like to provide indicators as to which of the child data items in the dataset are the mins and maxs. I prefer much of the summary information to be in a text description that a user can easily skip over.<br><br>I do not like the idea of user agents trying to format values as the formatted values may not follow the same formatting as visible labels. Any formatting differences a user agent has compared to what the author defined in making the chart are unacceptable.<br><br><br><b>Data types</b> <br>As mentioned above - the chart rendering engine only gets a minimally sufficient data set to draw the chart. For drawing charts, data types reduce to categorical (equally spaced) or continuous scales. And the process by which the product converts from raw/summary data to categorical or continuous scales is not known by the rendering engine. <br><br>In products, charts do not appear in isolation, so the context may explain how missing data is treated, may explain generalizations that appear in the chart or tabular data and provide context for interpreting the chart. For example, a product may find and grade query results and show a bar chart of strength of the result's match. The product explains taller bars are better matches and the user is left to assume two bars nearly the same height are almost equally good (but this is never explicitly stated). Any written description of the results match and the tooltips on the bars simply state - best match, 2nd best match, good match, poor match, poor match and poor match. As you might guess none of the bars are of equal size, nor are the drops between bars even. And for this discussion, you can ask what data type am I? And would I want AT to know about the data type? Charts like this example are not rare. <br><br>My preference is to have the author provide interesting information (ie. I am the max value in the chart!) and formatted values as descriptions. I think it is OK to provide machine readable values for data items. But it would not be OK for a user agent to do statistics on values, summarize values or format values independently of an authors descriptions. The charting engine does not have the needed information (original data type, missing data, conversion process, assumptions, rounding/precision in the chart data) to pass on to the user agent that would allow a user agent to do an acceptable job. <br><br><br>
<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr valign="top"><td width="341" valign="bottom"><div align="center"><font size="4">Regards, <br><br>Fred Esch <br>Accessibility Focal, Watson Solutions<br>AARB Complex Visualization Working Group Chair<br>W3C SVG Accessibility Task Force <br></font><img src="cid:1__=8FBBF421DFC15A908f9e8a93df938690918c8FB@" width="163" height="23" alt="IBM Watson"></div></td><td width="100" valign="bottom"><img src="cid:2__=8FBBF421DFC15A908f9e8a93df938690918c8FB@" width="115" height="115" alt="Fred" align="bottom"></td></tr></table><br><br><img width="16" height="16" src="cid:3__=8FBBF421DFC15A908f9e8a93df938690918c8FB@" border="0" alt="Inactive hide details for Amelia Bellamy-Royds ---08/28/2015 02:41:22 PM---A few extra notes & follow-ups to consider when you'"><font color="#424282">Amelia Bellamy-Royds ---08/28/2015 02:41:22 PM---A few extra notes & follow-ups to consider when you're reading through the summary I sent yesterday</font><br><br><font size="2" color="#5F5F5F">From: </font><font size="2">Amelia Bellamy-Royds <amelia.bellamy.royds@gmail.com></font><br><font size="2" color="#5F5F5F">To: </font><font size="2">public-svg-a11y@w3.org</font><br><font size="2" color="#5F5F5F">Date: </font><font size="2">08/28/2015 02:41 PM</font><br><font size="2" color="#5F5F5F">Subject: </font><font size="2">Re: ARIA Graphics Module -- proposed roles hierarchy & data properties</font><br><hr width="100%" size="2" align="left" noshade style="color:#8091A5; "><br><br><br><font size="4">A few extra notes & follow-ups to consider when you're reading through the summary I sent yesterday [1].</font><br><br><font size="4">Notes from today's teleconference:</font><ul><ul type="disc"><li><font size="4">I got the feeling that no one wanted to get into the complication of defining special roles and behavior for common chart types, so the sections about bar charts, pie charts, etc., can be ignored. The generalizable `graphics-datachart` role would be used instead.<br></font><li><font size="4">Doug pointed out that I did not include any way to define the units for a measurement. Based on the model I've created, this would be a property of the `graphics-datascale` object (i.e., the axis or legend). We could call it `aria-unittype` and the value would be a localized string provided by the author, such as "millions of U.S. $" or "kHz". <br></font><li><font size="4">Chaals recommended we use XML Schema data types instead of coming up with our own enumeration. You might want to check out the spec [2], or maybe just this short summary table from MSDN [3].</font></ul></ul><br><font size="4">Other complications to the data model:</font><ul><ul type="disc"><li><font size="4">The metadata for each variable in the dataset is attached to the axis, legend, or other scale that displays it for sighted users. What happens when multiple variables for a given data point are displayed on the same axis, such as an extent with max and min? Options: </font><ul><ul type="disc"><li><font size="4">The author could duplicate the metadata for the axis, even though it only needs to be drawn once. </font><li><font size="4">Alternatively, the max-min extent could be represented as a two-point data line, where additional dimensions of the data encode which type of measure (max versus min) each point represents. But then you'd need metadata for the max versus min scale. </font><li><font size="4">Any other suggestions? We want it to still be generalizable; for example, there might be max-min extents in multiple directions.<br></font></ul></ul>
<li><font size="4">I suggested that the order of variables (as id-refs to the corresponding scales) could be set once on a group and inherited by the child data points. But that doesn't address the common situation where the group has certain data values that are either shared by child data points or a summation of child data points. For example, a stacked bar chart. Each stack has a data value on a categorical axis as well as a total value on the quantitative axis. The child bars then have a data value on a separate category (usually associated with a legend of colors or fill patterns), and their individual values on the quantitative axis. Options:</font><ul><ul type="disc"><li><font size="4">Give up on the idea of declaring the list of data scales once and inheriting it.</font><li><font size="4">Create a separate ARIA attribute for declaring the child data-scales versus the group's own data scales.</font><li><font size="4">Make it inheritance of the unused scales. So the stack would have <br>aria-datascales="category, value, sub-category, value"<br>but only two data values, and the remaining data values would be assigned for each of the child bars.<br></font></ul></ul>
<li><font size="4">We had previously talked about using ARIA properties to explain </font><i><font size="4">how</font></i><font size="4"> a given data scale is visually conveyed: color, pattern, size, etc. Except for the orientation of an axis, I don't yet have an attribute to do this. It would also be attached to the data scale, and should probably be a localized string provided by the author. I don't think it's possible to create an exhaustive enumeration of all the ways data might be represented.</font></ul></ul><font size="4">As I mentioned on the call, I'll work on creating some practical examples of marked-up charts for early next week. </font><br><br><font size="4">Best,</font><br><font size="4">Amelia</font><br><br><font size="4">[1]: </font><a href="https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-svg-a11y/2015Aug/att-0022/graphics-roles.html"><u><font size="4" color="#0000FF">https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-svg-a11y/2015Aug/att-0022/graphics-roles.html</font></u></a><br><font size="4">[2]: </font><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/"><u><font size="4" color="#0000FF">http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/</font></u></a><br><font size="4">[3]: </font><a href="https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms256220(v=vs.110).aspx"><u><font size="4" color="#0000FF">https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms256220(v=vs.110).aspx</font></u></a><br><BR>
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Received on Monday, 31 August 2015 15:24:24 UTC