Re: type and instance and subclass in SHACL documents

Thanks, Dimitris. And I note that in 2.1.2 it says:

"Note that, according to the SHACL instance definition, all the 
rdfs:subClassOf declarations must exist in the data graph."

which I hadn't noticed before. So the data graph must have the needed 
subclass triples. However, the section doesn't address the possibility 
of selecting all subclasses of a class, so the statement seems out of place.

kc

On 5/11/16 10:41 PM, Dimitris Kontokostas wrote:
> Hi Karen,
>
> SPARQL is used as definition in sections 2.1, 2.2 & section 3
>
> On Thu, May 12, 2016 at 5:22 AM, Karen Coyle <kcoyle@kcoyle.net
> <mailto:kcoyle@kcoyle.net>> wrote:
>
>     The SHACL document says, in the introduction:
>
>     "However, SPARQL is not required for the implementation of the SHACL
>     Core language."
>
>     Our decision was to use SPARQL as the formal definition of SHACL
>     functions "where possible" but is it truly reasonable to provide
>     this functionality and NOT require SPARQL?
>
>     Before we get to that point though, could someone point out the
>     operations in SHACL that would logically make use of SPARQL query
>     (with or without the SPARQL "rdfs:subClassOf*"). I'm trying to
>     understand where it fits in.
>
>     Thanks,
>     kc
>
>
>     On 5/11/16 3:25 PM, Holger Knublauch wrote:
>
>         A precise definition can be achieved via SPARQL, e.g.
>         rdf:type/rdfs:subClassOf*. The subclass relationship and the
>         additional
>         type relations are computed on the fly as part of the queries.
>         Using the
>         term inferencing here is unnecessary and potentially harmful,
>         because
>         inferencing is typically understood to produce additional "inferred"
>         triples from those that are "asserted". No new triples are needed.
>
>         Holger
>
>
>         On 12/05/2016 8:16, Martynas Jusevičius wrote:
>
>             So how do you express that form of subclassing? There surely
>             must be a
>             more precise and formal way than a sentence of prose. Even
>             if it's not
>             RDFS inferencing, it should be possible to define a
>             different kind of
>             inferencing for RDF, for example OO-like.
>
>             It's not that SHACL implementations will need reasoners, their
>             implementations just need to deliver results that are
>             consistent with
>             the official definition.
>
>             Hint: RDF rules for definition.
>
>             On Thu, May 12, 2016 at 12:03 AM, Holger Knublauch
>             <holger@topquadrant.com <mailto:holger@topquadrant.com>> wrote:
>
>                 SHACL doesn't do RDFS inferencing. SHACL uses a trivial
>                 and intuitive
>                 form
>                 of subclassing that had been invented long before RDFS,
>                 and is
>                 well-established in OO systems. The fact that RDFS also
>                 reinvented a
>                 similar
>                 technique (and added some other inferencing rules) is
>                 orthogonal.
>                 RDFS does
>                 not have any rights to block these concepts or the terms
>                 for all future
>                 technologies.
>
>                 The SHACL spec doesn't use the term inferencing except
>                 to state that it
>                 doesn't rely on inferencing. Even if this WG decides to
>                 use other
>                 terms than
>                 "instance", "type" and "subclass", the effect to the end
>                 user will be
>                 exactly the same. It's just a matter of clarity and
>                 politics.
>
>                 Holger
>
>
>
>                 On 11/05/2016 23:30, Peter F. Patel-Schneider wrote:
>
>                     But SHACL does do RDFS inferencing in the data
>                     graph.  In
>                     particular, the
>                     sh:class depends in RDFS inferencing, namely
>                     inference rule rdfs11 from
>                     https://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-mt/#rdfs-entailment.  At
>                     one time sh:class
>                     also
>                     depended on inference rules rdfs4a and rdfs4b as
>                     well as the RDFS axiom
>                     rdf:first rdfs:domain rdf:List .
>
>                     So saying that SHACL doesn't do RDFS inferencing in
>                     the data graph is
>                     incorrect.
>
>
>                     Simmilarly SHACL does RDFS inferencing in the shapes
>                     graph when it
>                     accepts
>                     ex:s1 as a shape in
>
>                     ex:Shape rdfs:subClassOf sh:Shape .
>                     ex:s1 rdf:type ex:Shape ;
>                         sh:scopeClass ex:Person ;
>                         sh:constraint [ rdf:type sh:NodeConstraint ;
>                                         sh:nodeKind sh:IRI ] .
>
>                     (This appears to be an acceptable SHACL shape, based
>                     on the SHACL
>                     specification.)
>
>
>                     Of course, SHACL does not do *complete* RDFS
>                     inferencing.  In
>                     particular,
>                     there is no SHACL shape in
>
>                     ex:subClassOf rdfs:subPropertyOf rdfs:subClassOf .
>                     ex:Shape ex:subClassOf sh:Shape .
>                     ex:s1 rdf:type ex:Shape ;
>                         sh:scopeClass ex:Person ;
>                         sh:constraint [ rdf:type sh:NodeConstraint ;
>                                         sh:nodeKind sh:IRI ] .
>
>
>                     peter
>
>
>
>
>                     On 05/11/2016 01:58 AM, Dimitris Kontokostas wrote:
>
>                         I am reopening this old thread which is more
>                         related to the other open
>                         discussions we have atm.
>
>                         Looking at Tom Baker's emails and in particular
>                         [1] (the first three
>                         paragraphs under discussion) I was wondering if
>                         this can be a way
>                         forward
>
>                         in particular say that SHACL uses rdf and rdfs
>                         terms but a shacl
>                         processors
>                         takes two immutable graphs (shapes & data) and
>                         performs no rdfs
>                         inferencing on
>                         the graphs at all
>                         any inferencing must be performed as a
>                         preprocessing step and is
>                         out of
>                         scope
>                         for shacl
>                         In there we define the term "shacl instance"
>                         which is used in only two
>                         places
>                         in the spec, in sh:classScope and sh:class and
>                         no-where else
>                         if people believe that we should disallow
>                         optional rdf:type statements
>                         (e.g.
>                         for sh:property) I do not mind if this can
>                         unblock the current
>                         situation
>                         Peter, would using the terms instance, class or
>                         subClassOf be fine
>                         under
>                         these
>                         conditions?
>
>                         (I am also in favor of dropping sh:entailment btw)
>
>                         Any comments on this?
>
>                         Best,
>                         Dimitris
>
>                         [1]
>                         https://www.jiscmail.ac.uk/cgi-bin/webadmin?A2=ind1605&L=DC-ARCHITECTURE&P=3148
>
>
>                         On Tue, Mar 22, 2016 at 12:56 AM, Holger Knublauch
>                         <holger@topquadrant.com
>                         <mailto:holger@topquadrant.com>
>                         <mailto:holger@topquadrant.com
>                         <mailto:holger@topquadrant.com>>> wrote:
>
>                                This is becoming a long long thread about
>                         what is an entirely
>                         editorial
>                                matter. I don't think it deserves the
>                         urgency. I also do not
>                         agree
>                         that we
>                                are misusing these terms at all. I
>                         believe to make progress
>                         we could
>
>                                a) try to find alternative terms (Peter
>                         suggested "SHACL
>                         instance"
>                         etc,
>                                but it could also be "is-a")
>                                b) follow the lead of what other, similar
>                         W3C specs are doing
>                                c) define the terms in the beginning and
>                         then use them as <span
>                                class="term">instance</span> so that the
>                         reader knows that we
>                         use
>                         that
>                                definition. That would be my preferred
>                         solution.
>
>                                Looking at the OWL 2 spec [1] the term
>                         "instance" is used in
>                         many
>                                different contexts, without even being
>                         defined:
>                                - "Each OWL 2 ontology represented as an
>                         instance of this
>                         conceptual
>                                structure"
>                                - "if an individual /a:Peter/ is an
>                         instance of the class
>                         /a:Student/,
>                                and /a:Student/ is a subclass of
>                         /a:Person/, then from the OWL 2
>                         semantics
>                                one can derive that /a:Peter/ is also an
>                         instance of
>                         /a:Person/."
>                                - "Instances of the UML classes"
>                                - Class expressions represent sets of
>                         individuals by formally
>                         specifying
>                                conditions on the individuals'
>                         properties; individuals
>                         satisfying
>                         these
>                                conditions are said to be /instances/ of
>                         the respective class
>                         expressions"
>                                - ...
>
>                                Not only does OWL use the term "instance"
>                         inconsistently but
>                         even
>                         changes
>                                the RDF term by applying additional OWL
>                         semantics. RDFS does not
>                         have the
>                                monopoly on these terms.
>
>                                The problem is not our use of these terms
>                         but the misleading
>                         section
>                         1.1
>                                that needs to be replaced. I liked a
>                         previous proposal from
>                         Dimitris,
>                                along the lines of "SHACL is based on
>                         pattern matching like
>                         SPARQL.
>                                Inferencing is not required but there is
>                         no harm if
>                         inferencing is
>                                activated (be it OWL or RDFS
>                         inferencing)". Then define the
>                         terms
>                         similar
>                                to what we currently have at the end of
>                         section 1.1. And
>                         that's it.
>
>                                Holger
>
>
>
>                         https://www.w3.org/TR/owl2-syntax/
>
>
>                                On 22/03/2016 4:15, Peter F.
>                         Patel-Schneider wrote:
>
>                                    I don't think that this helps at
>                             all.  In fact, all that it
>                             does is
>                             further
>                                    obfuscate the issue.  The issue is
>                             that the wording needs to be
>                             clear that in
>
>                                      sh:shape rdf:type my:Shape .
>                                      my:subClassOf rdfs:subPropertyOf
>                             rdfs:subClassOf.
>                                      my:Shape my:subClassOf sh:Shape .
>
>                                    my:Shape is not a SHACL shape, but
>                             that in
>
>                                      sh:shape rdf:type my:Shape .
>                                      my:Shape rdfs:subClassOf sh:Shape .
>
>                                    it is.
>
>                                    There are many cases where the SHACL
>                             notion of subclass,
>                             instance,
>                             typing,
>                                    etc., diverges from the common
>                             definition of these notions.
>
>                                    peter
>
>
>                                    On 03/21/2016 02:05 AM, Dimitris
>                             Kontokostas wrote:
>
>                                        Hi Peter, I did some research on
>                                 other w3c specs regarding the
>                                 term instance.
>
>                                        if we changed occurrences of
>                                 instance from e.g.
>                                        "shapes are the instances of
>                                 sh:Shape" to
>                                        "sh:Shape is the class of all shapes"
>                                        would this be fine from your side?
>
>                                        Some cases like sh:class and
>                                 sh:classScope would need extra
>                                 care
>                                 of course.
>
>                                        On Mon, Mar 14, 2016 at 12:24 AM,
>                                 Peter F. Patel-Schneider
>                                        <pfpschneider@gmail.com
>                                 <mailto:pfpschneider@gmail.com>
>                                 <mailto:pfpschneider@gmail.com
>                                 <mailto:pfpschneider@gmail.com>>
>                                 <mailto:pfpschneider@gmail.com
>                                 <mailto:pfpschneider@gmail.com>>
>                                 <mailto:pfpschneider@gmail.com
>                                 <mailto:pfpschneider@gmail.com>>>
>                                 wrote:
>
>                                            Even in this situation I
>                                 think that "instance" in the
>                                 rest of
>                                 the document
>                                            needs to be qualified.  Some
>                                 readers of the document
>                                 will know
>                                 about RDFS
>                                            instance and will need to be
>                                 continually reminded that the
>                                 meaning that they
>                                            know for "instance" is not
>                                 being used in this document.
>
>                                            peter
>
>
>
>                         --
>                         Dimitris Kontokostas
>                         Department of Computer Science, University of
>                         Leipzig & DBpedia
>                         Association
>                         Projects: http://dbpedia.org,
>                         http://rdfunit.aksw.org,
>                         http://aligned-project.eu
>                         <http://aligned-project.eu/>
>                         Homepage:http://aksw.org/DimitrisKontokostas
>                         Research Group: AKSW/KILT
>                         http://aksw.org/Groups/KILT
>
>
>
>
>
>
>     --
>     Karen Coyle
>     kcoyle@kcoyle.net <mailto:kcoyle@kcoyle.net> http://kcoyle.net
>     m: 1-510-435-8234
>     skype: kcoylenet/+1-510-984-3600 <tel:%2B1-510-984-3600>
>
>
>
>
> --
> Dimitris Kontokostas
> Department of Computer Science, University of Leipzig & DBpedia Association
> Projects: http://dbpedia.org, http://rdfunit.aksw.org,
> http://aligned-project.eu
> Homepage: http://aksw.org/DimitrisKontokostas
> Research Group: AKSW/KILT http://aksw.org/Groups/KILT
>

-- 
Karen Coyle
kcoyle@kcoyle.net http://kcoyle.net
m: 1-510-435-8234
skype: kcoylenet/+1-510-984-3600

Received on Thursday, 12 May 2016 14:45:35 UTC