- From: Graham Klyne <gk@ninebynine.org>
- Date: Fri, 31 Oct 2003 12:30:10 +0000
- To: "Jos De_Roo" <jos.deroo@agfa.com>
- Cc: www-archive@w3.org
Jos, thanks for this.
I think I'm getting the picture ... let's see if I get it right:
Built-in functions in a rule antecedent are treated as terms to be unified
with the knowledge base, just like any others, except that there is special
code to handle the particular features of the built-in properties. I judge
that you take the terms in the antecedent of a rule in the order they are
given, and unify them one at a time in a new context created for the
purpose, adding new variable-to-value bindings as you go. I am guessing
that ordering is important because unification of terms that appear later
in the antecedent may depend on bindings created by unification of
preceding terms.
Am I on the right track?
It's not so clear whether you allow for some built-in properties that there
may be multiple possible unification patterns; e.g. in the simple case:
(2 3) math:product _:Y
would be satisfied by binding _:Y to 6. But in special cases, other
variable-binding patterns might be allowed, such as:
(1 _:X) math:product _:Y.
is recognized as a fact by unifying _:X with _:Y, because the built-in
knows that 1*x == x, forall x. Similarly:
(0 _:X) math:product _:Y.
can be allowed by binding _:Y to zero and leaving _:X unbound.
In summary, reverting to a Prolog-ish notation, I would imagine the
following cases are supportable for math:product (using ? in the signature
to indicate unbound variables):
math:product(1,?x,?y) :- x = y .
math:product(?x,1,?y) :- x = y .
math:product(0,?x,?y) :- ?y = 0 .
math:product(?x,0,?y) :- ?y = 0 .
math:product(x,y,?z) :- z = x*y .
math:product(?x,y,z) :- x = z/y .
math:product(x,?y,z) :- y = z/x .
Looking at your examples and test cases, it looks as if you may allow only
more restricted patterns, in which the object must be fully bound and a new
binding is created for the subject. This would seem to be consistent with
the way CWM defines these properties.
#g
--
At 00:12 31/10/03 +0100, Jos De_Roo wrote:
>Graham - CWM proposed builtins used in rule antecedents
>or in queries are typically succeeding when the object
>unifies with the result of the predicate operating on
>the subject argument (list).
>For example, the query
> (1 1) math:sum _:X.
>succeeds and the proof is
> (1 1) math:sum [iw:Variable "_:X_2"; = 2].
>
>Also
> (1 1) math:sum _:X.
> (1 _:X) math:product _:X.
>succeeds,
>but
> (1 1) math:sum _:X.
> (1 _:X) math:difference _:X.
>doesn't succeed.
>
>A more elaborate query is at
>http://www.agfa.com/w3c/euler/builtins.n3
>and it's proof is
>
>#########################################
># Generated with http://www.agfa.com/w3c/euler/#R3629 on 30 Oct 2003
>22:58:38 GMT
>{
> (
> ).<http://www.w3.org/2000/10/swap/log#conjunction> =>
>
><http://www.agfa.com/w3c/euler/builtins.n3>.<http://www.w3.org/2000/10/swap/log#semantics>
>}
><http://www.w3.org/2000/10/swap/reason#because>
>{
>@prefix iw: <http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/software/IW/spec/iw#>.
>@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>.
>@prefix math: <http://www.w3.org/2000/10/swap/math#>.
>@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>.
>@prefix log: <http://www.w3.org/2000/10/swap/log#>.
>@prefix : <http://www.agfa.com/w3c/euler/builtins#>.
>@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>.
>@prefix str: <http://www.w3.org/2000/10/swap/string#>.
>
>
>("a" "b" "c") str:concatenation [iw:Variable "_:X_1"; = "abc"].
>("a" "b" "c") str:concatenation "abc".
>"xyz" str:equalIgnoringCase "XYZ".
>"xyz" str:notEqualIgnoringCase "ABC".
>"xyz" str:greaterThan "abc".
>"abc" str:notGreaterThan "xyz".
>"abc" str:lessThan "xyz".
>"xyz" str:notLessThan "abc".
>"xyz" str:notLessThan "xyz".
>"abc" str:startsWith "ab".
>"abc" str:endsWith "bc".
>"abc" str:endsWith [iw:Variable "_:X_1"; = "abc"].
>"abcXYZ" str:contains "cX".
>"abcXYZ" str:containsIgnoringCase "Cx".
>(1.2 2.3 3.5) math:sum [iw:Variable "_:Y_1"; = 7.0].
>(7.0 1) math:difference [iw:Variable "_:Z_1"; = 6.0].
>(1 2 3) math:product [iw:Variable "_:U_1"; = 6].
>(6 3) math:quotient [iw:Variable "_:V_1"; = 2.0].
>(7 3) math:quotient [iw:Variable "_:A_1"; = 2.3333333333333335].
>(7 3) math:integerQuotient [iw:Variable "_:B_1"; = 2].
>(6.0 2.0) math:remainder [iw:Variable "_:W_1"; = 0.0].
>(7 3) math:remainder [iw:Variable "_:C_1"; = 1].
>-5 math:negation [iw:Variable "_:I_1"; = 5].
>-5.1 math:absoluteValue [iw:Variable "_:D_1"; = 5.1].
>-5.7 math:rounded [iw:Variable "_:E_1"; = -6].
>(2 10) math:exponentiation [iw:Variable "_:J_1"; = 1024].
>(1 2) math:atan2 [iw:Variable "_:T1_1"; = 0.4636476090008061].
>2 math:cos [iw:Variable "_:T2_1"; = -0.4161468365471424].
>0.5 math:cosh [iw:Variable "_:T3_1"; = 1.0471975511965979].
>2 math:degrees [iw:Variable "_:T4_1"; = 114.59155902616465].
>2 math:sin [iw:Variable "_:T5_1"; = 0.9092974268256817].
>0.5 math:sinh [iw:Variable "_:T6_1"; = 0.5235987755982989].
>2 math:tan [iw:Variable "_:T7_1"; = -2.185039863261519].
>0.5 math:tanh [iw:Variable "_:T8_1"; = 0.4636476090008061].
>("a" ("b" "c") "d") math:memberCount [iw:Variable "_:K_1"; = 3].
>[iw:Variable "_:U_1"; = 6] math:greaterThan [iw:Variable "_:V_1"; = 2.0].
>[iw:Variable "_:V_1"; = 2.0] math:notGreaterThan [iw:Variable "_:U_1"; =
>6].
>[iw:Variable "_:V_1"; = 2.0] math:lessThan [iw:Variable "_:U_1"; = 6].
>[iw:Variable "_:U_1"; = 6] math:notLessThan [iw:Variable "_:V_1"; = 2.0].
>[iw:Variable "_:U_1"; = 6] math:equalTo [iw:Variable "_:U_1"; = 6].
>[iw:Variable "_:V_1"; = 2.0] math:notEqualTo [iw:Variable "_:U_1"; = 6].
>:x log:equalTo :x.
>:x log:notEqualTo :y.
>:b log:includes :e.
>:b log:notIncludes :x.
># Proof found for http://www.agfa.com/w3c/euler/builtins.n3 in 47 steps
>(671 steps/sec) using 3 engines
>}.
>#########################################
>
>
>For the easter test case, the dates are indeed calculated.
>The query here for instance could be
>http://www.agfa.com/w3c/euler/easterC.n3
>i.e.
>_:A :hasEasterOnDay _:B; :hasEasterOnMonth _:C.
>and the according proof, given
>http://www.agfa.com/w3c/euler/easterP.n3
>is then
>
>#########################################
># Generated with http://www.agfa.com/w3c/euler/#R3629 on 30 Oct 2003
>23:03:03 GMT
>{
> (
>
><http://www.agfa.com/w3c/euler/easterP.n3>.<http://www.w3.org/2000/10/swap/log#semantics>
> ).<http://www.w3.org/2000/10/swap/log#conjunction> =>
>
><http://www.agfa.com/w3c/euler/easterC.n3>.<http://www.w3.org/2000/10/swap/log#semantics>
>}
><http://www.w3.org/2000/10/swap/reason#because>
>{
>@prefix str: <http://www.w3.org/2000/10/swap/string#>.
>@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>.
>@prefix : <http://www.agfa.com/w3c/euler/easter#>.
>@prefix log: <http://www.w3.org/2000/10/swap/log#>.
>@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>.
>@prefix math: <http://www.w3.org/2000/10/swap/math#>.
>@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#>.
>@prefix iw: <http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/software/IW/spec/iw#>.
>@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>.
>
> {
> <http://www.agfa.com/w3c/euler/easter#easter1>.
> [iw:Variable "?Y"; = 2003] a :Year.
> (2003 19) math:remainder [iw:Variable "?J"; = 8].
> (2003 100) math:integerQuotient [iw:Variable "?K"; = 20].
> (2003 100) math:remainder [iw:Variable "?H"; = 3].
> (20 4) math:integerQuotient [iw:Variable "?M"; = 5].
> (20 4) math:remainder [iw:Variable "?N"; = 0].
> (28 25) math:integerQuotient [iw:Variable "?P"; = 1].
> (20 3) math:integerQuotient [iw:Variable "?Q"; = 6].
> (176 30) math:remainder [iw:Variable "?R"; = 26].
> (3 4) math:integerQuotient [iw:Variable "?S"; = 0].
> (3 4) math:remainder [iw:Variable "?U"; = 3].
> (3 7) math:remainder [iw:Variable "?V"; = 3].
> (360 451) math:integerQuotient [iw:Variable "?W"; = 0].
> (143 31) math:integerQuotient [iw:Variable "?X"; = 4].
> (143 31) math:remainder [iw:Variable "?Z"; = 19].
> (19 1) math:sum [iw:Variable "?DAY"; = 20]} =>
>{[iw:Variable "_:A_2"; = 2003] :hasEasterOnDay [iw:Variable "_:B_2"; =
>20]}.
> {
> <http://www.agfa.com/w3c/euler/easter#easter1>.
> [iw:Variable "?Y"; = 2003] a :Year.
> (2003 19) math:remainder [iw:Variable "?J"; = 8].
> (2003 100) math:integerQuotient [iw:Variable "?K"; = 20].
> (2003 100) math:remainder [iw:Variable "?H"; = 3].
> (20 4) math:integerQuotient [iw:Variable "?M"; = 5].
> (20 4) math:remainder [iw:Variable "?N"; = 0].
> (28 25) math:integerQuotient [iw:Variable "?P"; = 1].
> (20 3) math:integerQuotient [iw:Variable "?Q"; = 6].
> (176 30) math:remainder [iw:Variable "?R"; = 26].
> (3 4) math:integerQuotient [iw:Variable "?S"; = 0].
> (3 4) math:remainder [iw:Variable "?U"; = 3].
> (3 7) math:remainder [iw:Variable "?V"; = 3].
> (360 451) math:integerQuotient [iw:Variable "?W"; = 0].
> (143 31) math:integerQuotient [iw:Variable "?X"; = 4].
> (143 31) math:remainder [iw:Variable "?Z"; = 19].
> (19 1) math:sum [iw:Variable "?DAY"; = 20]} =>
>{[iw:Variable "_:A_2"; = 2003] :hasEasterOnMonth [iw:Variable "_:C_2"; =
>4]}.
> {
> <http://www.agfa.com/w3c/euler/easter#easter1>.
> [iw:Variable "?Y"; = 2004] a :Year.
> (2004 19) math:remainder [iw:Variable "?J"; = 9].
> (2004 100) math:integerQuotient [iw:Variable "?K"; = 20].
> (2004 100) math:remainder [iw:Variable "?H"; = 4].
> (20 4) math:integerQuotient [iw:Variable "?M"; = 5].
> (20 4) math:remainder [iw:Variable "?N"; = 0].
> (28 25) math:integerQuotient [iw:Variable "?P"; = 1].
> (20 3) math:integerQuotient [iw:Variable "?Q"; = 6].
> (195 30) math:remainder [iw:Variable "?R"; = 15].
> (4 4) math:integerQuotient [iw:Variable "?S"; = 1].
> (4 4) math:remainder [iw:Variable "?U"; = 0].
> (19 7) math:remainder [iw:Variable "?V"; = 5].
> (284 451) math:integerQuotient [iw:Variable "?W"; = 0].
> (134 31) math:integerQuotient [iw:Variable "?X"; = 4].
> (134 31) math:remainder [iw:Variable "?Z"; = 10].
> (10 1) math:sum [iw:Variable "?DAY"; = 11]} =>
>{[iw:Variable "_:A_2"; = 2004] :hasEasterOnDay [iw:Variable "_:B_2"; =
>11]}.
> {
> <http://www.agfa.com/w3c/euler/easter#easter1>.
> [iw:Variable "?Y"; = 2004] a :Year.
> (2004 19) math:remainder [iw:Variable "?J"; = 9].
> (2004 100) math:integerQuotient [iw:Variable "?K"; = 20].
> (2004 100) math:remainder [iw:Variable "?H"; = 4].
> (20 4) math:integerQuotient [iw:Variable "?M"; = 5].
> (20 4) math:remainder [iw:Variable "?N"; = 0].
> (28 25) math:integerQuotient [iw:Variable "?P"; = 1].
> (20 3) math:integerQuotient [iw:Variable "?Q"; = 6].
> (195 30) math:remainder [iw:Variable "?R"; = 15].
> (4 4) math:integerQuotient [iw:Variable "?S"; = 1].
> (4 4) math:remainder [iw:Variable "?U"; = 0].
> (19 7) math:remainder [iw:Variable "?V"; = 5].
> (284 451) math:integerQuotient [iw:Variable "?W"; = 0].
> (134 31) math:integerQuotient [iw:Variable "?X"; = 4].
> (134 31) math:remainder [iw:Variable "?Z"; = 10].
> (10 1) math:sum [iw:Variable "?DAY"; = 11]} =>
>{[iw:Variable "_:A_2"; = 2004] :hasEasterOnMonth [iw:Variable "_:C_2"; =
>4]}.
># Proof found for http://www.agfa.com/w3c/euler/easterC.n3 in 1013 steps
>(624 steps/sec) using 1 engine
>}.
>#########################################
>
>so next year, Easter should be on April 11
>(well, at least I hope so :-))
>
>--
>Jos De Roo, AGFA http://www.agfa.com/w3c/jdroo/
>
>
>
>
> Graham
> Klyne
>
> <gk@ninebynine.or To: Jos
> De_Roo/AMDUS/MOR/Agfa-NV/BE/BAYER@AGFA
> g> cc:
>
> Subject: How does Euler
> handle CWM builtins?
> 2003-10-30
> 06:13
>
> PM
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>Jos,
>
>I'm doing a mini-survey of RDF inference techniques, with particular
>reference to how datatype-related inferences are handled in different
>systems. Mostly it seems fairly crude. I notice that Euler seems to have
>some support for CWM builtins, but how do you use them? (As defined for
>use with CWM, I think they can only be used in forward chaining mode --
>though clearly they could be adapted). I'm wondering what you do.
>
>Judging by:
> http://www.agfa.com/w3c/euler/easterP.n3
>it appears that you must process the builtin's in the antecedent of a rule.
>Can you actually calculate the day of Easter here, or just confirm that a
>given day is correct or not? If the former, how do you process builtins in
>
>the antecedent of a rule? (Hmmm... could be left-to-right, as one would if
>interpreting a Prolog clause?)
>
>#g
>
>
>------------
>Graham Klyne
>For email:
>http://www.ninebynine.org/#Contact
------------
Graham Klyne
For email:
http://www.ninebynine.org/#Contact
Received on Friday, 31 October 2003 07:34:35 UTC