- From: Joe Sullivan <joe@duxsys.com>
- Date: Fri, 13 Nov 1998 10:10:24 -0500
- To: "'WAI IG <w3c-wai-ig@w3.org>'" <w3c-wai-ig@w3.org>
Yes, Charles McCathieNevile's understanding is correct in that braille in many (though not all) languages is abbreviated, and that the abbreviation system varies quite naturally from language to language according to their common letter groupings, pronunciation patterns and such. Moreover, the appropriate and customary braille treatment is not only a function of language but also of context. For instance, French braille in France is a little different from French braille in Quebec, rather different again from French as done by the British for English-speaking French students, and as you might guess the Americans do it still a fourth way. The result is that ambiguity is certainly possible, though I would have to doubt that that fact commonly leads to a lot of confusion because the human brain is wonderfully capable of sorting out, from the semantic context, which of several theoretical possibilities actually makes sense in the current instance. You don't actually have to mix several languages to encounter this phenomenon. For example, in regular contracted English braille, the slash or stroke (/) has the same braille representation as the letter-group "st". The creates a theoretical ambiguity, and I have indeed heard stories where the ambiguity caused the reader trouble -- primarily when unfamiliar proper names, such as for products or companies, were involved. But in the overwhelming majority of instances, it's obvious that "and/or" makes sense and "andstor" doesn't. (But notice, special care would be needed to render that last sentence intelligibly in braille.) Present work in braille code design is in the direction of removing these kinds of ambiguities, mostly because they can cause problems in the context of technical notation. See the work by the Internation Council on English Braille towards a Unified Braille Code (UBC) for English at http://www.iceb.org and note in particular that the UBC project is still debating the point as to whether language switches should have an explicit signal in braille.
Received on Friday, 13 November 1998 10:11:01 UTC