- From: Sally Khudairi <khudairi@w3.org>
- Date: Tue, 12 May 1998 14:57:22 -0400
- To: w3c-news@w3.org
Contact
America --
Sally Khudairi <khudairi@w3.org>
+1.617.253.8036
Ian Jacobs <jacobs@w3.org>
+1.212.874.4716
Contact
Europe --
Ned Mitchell <ned@ala.com>
+33 1 43 22 79 56
Andrew Lloyd <allo@ala.com>
+44 127 367 5100
Contact Asia --
Yumiko Matsubara
<matsubara@w3.org>
+81 466.49.1170
http://www.w3.org/ -- 12 May, 1998 -- Leading the
Web to its full potential, the World Wide Web
Consortium (W3C) has today released the CSS2
(Cascading Style Sheets, level 2) specification as a
W3C Recommendation. The CSS2 specification
represents a cross-industry agreement on a wide
range of features for richer and more accessible Web
pages. CSS2 builds upon W3C's earlier
Recommendation for CSS1, adding many new
features while remaining fully backwards compatible.
A W3C Recommendation indicates that a specification
is stable, contributes to Web interoperability, and has
been reviewed by the W3C Membership, who are in
favor of its adoption by the industry.
The CSS2 specification was written and developed by
the W3C Cascading Style Sheets and Formatting
Properties (CSS&FP) Working Group, which includes
key industry players such as Adobe Systems,
Bitstream, Electricité de France, Hewlett Packard,
IBM, Lotus, Macromedia, Microsoft, Netscape, NIST,
Novell, Silicon Graphics, and SoftQuad; content
specialists and invited experts in the fields of
typography, accessibility, and internationalization; and
document publishing input from Apple, Hotwired, the
Productivity Works, and Studio Verso. CSS2 has also
benefited from detailed review by the style sheet-using
and content-creation communities, through public
mailing lists.
"Today's release of the CSS2 specification
demonstrates the effectiveness of the W3C process
and is the culmination of more than a year's work,"
said Chris Lilley, chair of the CSS&FP Working Group.
"CSS2 lets Web designers create compelling
documents, dynamic and design-rich, that also
enhance accessibility and contribute to
internationalization."
Key Benefits
CSS2 has powerful design capability
In the past, designers have achieved amazing results
with HTML alone, for instance, by using tables to
simulate margins and transparent images to gain
some control over whitespace. Often, this had the
unfortunate effect of locking the content into fixed
assumptions of window width and font size. CSS1
allows designers to produce the same effects more
easily and simply, with finer control and flexibility in
areas such as line spacing and justification.
CSS2 includes all the capabilities of CSS1 and adds
improved typographic control, including dynamically
downloadable fonts. There are new positioning
properties to control layout; for example, to produce
sidebars and navigation areas. Images and text can
be layered and overlapped and can be dynamically
moved around the screen with scripts. CSS2 also
adds control over table layout, particularly useful for
XML documents, and allows the automatic numbering
of headings and lists.
"CSS2 will take Web design to new places," said
Håkon Lie, W3C Style Sheets Activity Leader who, in
1994, first proposed the concept of Cascading Style
Sheets. "CSS1 did a fine job of replicating HTML
extensions through style sheets. CSS2 does more
than just capture existing practice: it greatly expands
the Web designer's palette."
CSS2 makes the Web faster
On the Web today, it's common to create images of
text in order to control fonts and colors. Images are
much bigger than text, and the perceived slowness of
the Web can, in part, be attributed to this practice.
Web pages also commonly contain large numbers of
repeated presentational markup, which makes the
pages unnecessarily large. CSS2 allows authors to
express the same rich styles, but is compact and
text-based. Pages that use CSS2 have been shown to
be significantly smaller and to load much faster than
comparable image-based pages.
CSS2 enables cross-media publishing
The W3C Recommendation for CSS2 comes at a time
when the same Web content needs to be accessible
and compelling on an increasingly broad range of
devices, from smart televisions to cellular phones, and
from in-car systems to distributed print bureaus.
Content creators can no longer afford to have their
work limited by fixed assumptions about the display.
CSS2 provides solutions for cross-media publishing
and graceful repurposing of information.
CSS2 provides built-in accessibility
A side effect of reliance on tables for layout and
images of text for typography has been a reduction in
accessibility of Web pages for people surfing with
image downloads turned off and for visually impaired
users browsing with screen readers. Moving toward
CSS removes presentational clutter from documents,
automatically increasing accessibility without
compromising visual design, and removes the
necessity for hard-to-maintain separate "text-only"
pages.
"The advanced presentation capabilities offered by
CSS2 provide page designers full creative control
without sacrificing accessibility for Web users who
have disabilities," said Judy Brewer, Director of
W3C's Web Accessibility Initiative International
Program Office. "In particular, CSS2 introduces
improved user control for layout, cascade priorities,
support for varied media types, and aural cascading
style sheets to control voice inflection."
CSS2 aids internationalization
There is an increasing need for the effective
presentation of Web pages in languages other than
English, and for presentation of documents in multiple
languages. Matters such as writing direction, font
styles, and quoting conventions differ from one written
language to another. CSS2 makes significant steps
toward being able to display multilingual documents
well.
CSS2 works well with XML
To date, CSS1 primarily has been applied to HTML
documents, although it has also been used with
content written in XML. CSS2 adds features
specifically targeted at displaying XML documents
since these have no built-in semantics or
presentational features; style sheets are thus
essential for the deployment of XML content.
Further information on CSS can be found at
http://www.w3.org/Style/css.
About the World Wide Web
Consortium [W3C]
The W3C was created to lead the Web to its full
potential by developing common protocols that
promote its evolution and ensure its interoperability. It
is an international industry consortium jointly run by
the MIT Laboratory for Computer Science (LCS) in the
USA, the National Institute for Research in Computer
Science and Control (INRIA) in France and Keio
University in Japan. Services provided by the
Consortium include: a repository of information about
the World Wide Web for developers and users;
reference code implementations to embody and
promote standards; and various prototype and sample
applications to demonstrate use of new technology.
To date, more than 255 organizations are Members of
the Consortium.
For more information about the World Wide Web
Consortium, see http://www.w3.org/
Received on Tuesday, 12 May 1998 14:57:24 UTC