- From: Frank Manola <fmanola@acm.org>
- Date: Wed, 13 Aug 2008 10:59:39 -0400
- To: Richard H. McCullough <rhm@PioneerCA.com>
- Cc: "Pat Hayes" <phayes@ihmc.us>, "KR-language" <KR-language@YahooGroups.com>, "Semantic Web at W3C" <semantic-web@w3.org>, "Adam Pease" <adampease@earthlink.net>
On Aug 12, 2008, at 5:05 PM, Richard H. McCullough wrote: > > Here's someone else who doesn't like singleton sets, > and hence doesn't like classes which are individuals. > > John Barwise & John Etchemendy (1992), "The Language of First-Order > Logic", > Third Edition, Revised & Expanded, Center for the Study of Language > and Information, Stanford, Page 212 > > Suppose there is one and only one object x satisfying P(x). > According to the > Axiom of Comprehension, there is a set, call it a, whose only member > is x. That is, > a = {x}. Some students are tempted to think that a = x.. But in > that direction lies, > if not madness, at least dreadful confusion. After all, a is a set > (an abstract object) > and x might have been any object at all, say Stanford's Hoover > Tower. Hoover is > a physical object, not a set. So we must not confuse an object x > with the set {x}, > called the singleton set containing x. Even if x is a set, we must > not confuse it with > its own singleton. For example, x might have any number of elements > in it, but {x} > has exactly one element: x. > Whoa! What we were originally talking about wasn't singleton sets, it was the following question: >>>>> >>>>> 2. X type Y; X subClassOf Z; >>>>> Another neat property: X is an individual and a class. >>>>> Now I can ... What? I don't know. >>>>> Why do you want to do that? Wanting to be able to treat a class X as an individual may or may not be a good idea, but this isn't the same as wanting to treat a singleton set as *the same* individual as its only member. To paraphrase your quotation above, in the direction of subtle subject changes like this lies, if not madness, at least dreadful confusion. --Frank
Received on Wednesday, 13 August 2008 15:00:27 UTC