Re: [Proposal] schema:OnlineCourse

To go a bit skos:broader, the objective here seems to be enabling the
discoverability of resources for learning.

Search engines want to enhance the discoverability of resources (products
and services) for agents (people) to consume.

Our current conception of a course (US English) / module (UK English) is as
a curriculum sequence of resources and activities facilitated and evaluated
by an instructor, that is offered in conjunction with a
schema:Organization. Homeschooling and self-study do break this frame.
Media resources (schema:CreativeWork s) are already addressed by the
schema; the gap is in linking resources to our officious notion of an
educational program (schema:Course) for learning.

It could be useful to support encoding of a curated, ordered sequence of
resources ("Syllabus"?). LRMI does not solve for ordered sequences.

To KISS, what property could link a Course and OnlineCourse to a Syllabus?

* Present: current courses/modules have some form of document with markup
(e.g. HTML, PDF) with a URI
  ("schema:syllabus")
* Future: a course/module is a traversal of a curated graph of
prov:Activity s with URIs and resources w/ dereferenceable URLs; with a
starting and ending point (see: W3C PROV: http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/),
and resource annotations ("schema:speakerNotes") which may only be
available to an instructor behind a curtain (see: W3C OA:
http://www.openannotation.org/spec/core/ , Web Annotation Data Model
http://www.w3.org/TR/2014/WD-annotation-model-20141211/ ).

As far as already-templated examples of Course collections where
schema:Course and/or schema:OnlineCourse markup could be easily extended
with a Pull Request, these links are from the GitHub issue description for
this proposal (https://github.com/rvguha/schemaorg/issues/195):

https://www.class-central.com/

*
https://github.com/dhawalhshah/class-central/blob/master/src/ClassCentral/SiteBundle/Resources/views/Default/courses.table.html.twig
*
https://github.com/dhawalhshah/class-central/blob/master/src/ClassCentral/SiteBundle/Resources/views/Course/mooc.html.twig

https://github.com/edx/

*
https://github.com/edx/edx-platform/blob/master/cms/djangoapps/models/settings/course_details.py
*
https://github.com/edx/edx-platform/blob/master/common/djangoapps/course_modes/models.py
*
https://github.com/edx/edx-platform/blob/master/lms/templates/courseware/course_about.html
*
https://github.com/edx/edx-platform/blob/master/lms/templates/courseware/courses.html
* https://github.com/edx/edx-platform/blob/master/lms/templates/course.html




On Tue, Dec 16, 2014 at 10:41 AM, Barker, Phil A <Phil.Barker@hw.ac.uk>
wrote:
>
>  heh, I was just about to ask whether "labeled edges of a path in a
> graph" was Semantic Web speak for a curriculum, i.e.
> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curriculum "In formal education
> <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education>, a *curriculum* [...] is the
> planned interaction of pupils with instructional content, materials,
> resources, and processes for evaluating the attainment of educational
> objectives."
>
> So, maybe. But also, for schema.org proposals let's keep in mind the
> question "what is it that people who create web pages want to help search
> engines find?" or equivalently "what is it that search engine providers
> want to help people find?" I am not sure that going too deeply into
> describing curriculums helps with that (though it has plenty usefulness in
> other contexts). That's partly why I suggested keeping "course" vague as to
> whether it is a single module or a programme.
>
> Anyway, here's another examples of a collection of courses
> https://www.coursera.org/specialization/jhudatascience/1 that the
> proposal might usefully describe. I think most of the properties for the
> proposed course would apply, but rather than say it had a CourseSession you
> would want to say that it hasParts which are Courses.
>
> Phil
>
>  ------------------------------
> *From:* Wes Turner [wes.turner@gmail.com]
> *Sent:* 16 December 2014 16:20
> *To:* Barker, Phil A
> *Cc:* Vicki Tardif Holland; GUANGYUAN PIAO; Thad Guidry; Aaron Bradley;
> Public Vocabs
>
> *Subject:* Re: [Proposal] schema:OnlineCourse
>
>   "Curriculum Sequences" ...
> http://self-directed-learning.readthedocs.org/en/latest/slides.html#knowledge-graph
>
>
>
> On Tue, Dec 16, 2014 at 10:17 AM, Wes Turner <wes.turner@gmail.com>
> wrote:
>>
>> Most practically, could we be discussing labeled edges of a path in a
>> graph?
>>
>> On Tue, Dec 16, 2014 at 10:00 AM, Wes Turner <wes.turner@gmail.com>
>> wrote:
>>>
>>> Regional variation and semantic differentiation!
>>>
>>>  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Course_%28education%29
>>>
>>>  > In the United Kingdom, Australia and Singapore, a *course* is the
>>> entire programme of studies required to complete a university
>>> <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University> degree, and the word "unit"
>>> or "module" would be used to refer to an academic course in the North
>>> American sense.
>>>
>>> > In between the two, in South Africa, a course officially is the
>>> collection of all courses (in the American sense, these are often called
>>> "modules") over a year or semester, though the American usage is common. In
>>> the Philippines, a course can be an individual subject (usually referred to
>>> by faculty and school officials) or the entire programme (usually referred
>>> to by students and outsiders).
>>>
>>> ...
>>> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Course_%28education%29#Types_of_courses
>>>
>>> On Tue, Dec 16, 2014 at 9:55 AM, Barker, Phil A <Phil.Barker@hw.ac.uk>
>>> wrote:
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> Hi Vicki
>>>>
>>>>  1. Courses can comprise Courses. This is especially important at
>>>> Universities that recruit into and award certificates for programmes
>>>> (Courses) that are built from modules (Courses).
>>>>
>>>>  > Can you give an example of this? It may be better to model these as
>>>> different types rather than trying to mash
>>>> > them together. The programmes type could then include the modules.
>>>>
>>>> I see from Stuart's comment on the Google doc that US Universities may
>>>> do this differently, and I mentioned before that terminology is difficult,
>>>> so I'll pick an example as close to home as possible, and I will use the
>>>> terms that we use and have used here.
>>>>
>>>> Heriot-Watt University advertises and enrols students into programmes
>>>> see http://www.hw.ac.uk/study/course-a-z.htm  for examples specifically
>>>> G400 Computer Science BSc
>>>> http://www.undergraduate.hw.ac.uk/programmes/G400/
>>>> G560 Information Systems BSc
>>>> http://www.undergraduate.hw.ac.uk/programmes/G560/
>>>> Information Technology (Business) MSc/Diploma
>>>> http://www.postgraduate.hw.ac.uk/prog/msc-information-technology-business-/
>>>> (At HW we call these programmes, but I think the most common term for
>>>> them in the UK is courses, the most common way for UK students to apply for
>>>> undergraduate study is through UCAS, http://search.ucas.com/ which
>>>> calls them courses).
>>>>
>>>> The Heriot-Watt Information Systems programme comprises several courses
>>>> (more generally known in the UK as modules or units). Students cannot sign
>>>> up for these unless they are enrolled on a relevant programme and so they
>>>> are not advertised externally in the same way, I don't know if you can see
>>>> the course handbook at
>>>> http://www.macs.hw.ac.uk/macshome/IS_UG_Handbook.pdf but is shows
>>>> which courses a student will take in each year / semester. For example
>>>> year 1 / semester 1
>>>> * F27SA software development 1
>>>> * F27IS Interactive systems
>>>> * F27PX Praxis
>>>> * F27TS Technology in Society
>>>> (if you cannot see the course handbook, there is similar information
>>>> available for the Manchester University Computer Science BSc available from
>>>>
>>>> http://www.cs.manchester.ac.uk/study/undergraduate/courses/computer-science/?code=00560&pg=options
>>>> they are similar to the courses that you have been using as examples.)
>>>>
>>>> Is that the sort of information that helps?
>>>>
>>>> Phil
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>  ------------------------------
>>>> *From:* Vicki Tardif Holland [vtardif@google.com]
>>>> *Sent:* 16 December 2014 14:28
>>>> *To:* Barker, Phil A
>>>> *Cc:* Wes Turner; GUANGYUAN PIAO; Thad Guidry; Aaron Bradley; Public
>>>> Vocabs
>>>> *Subject:* Re: [Proposal] schema:OnlineCourse
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> On Tue, Dec 16, 2014 at 6:19 AM, Barker, Phil A <Phil.Barker@hw.ac.uk>
>>>> wrote:
>>>>
>>>>>  1. Courses can comprise Courses. This is especially important at
>>>>> Universities that recruit into and award certificates for programmes
>>>>> (Courses) that are built from modules (Courses).
>>>>>
>>>>
>>>>  Can you give an example of this? It may be better to model these as
>>>> different types rather than trying to mash them together. The programmes
>>>> type could then include the modules.
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> 2. I don't think there is much to be gained from having a separate
>>>>> class on OnlineCourse rather than a property of a Course to flag whether it
>>>>> is online or not. I  think the properties you have for OnlineCourse also
>>>>> apply to regular courses. Most regular courses have an online component.
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>  Point taken. I think it is important to designate MOOCs from other
>>>> courses. I tend to prefer using subclasses instead of booleans as it is
>>>> easier to expand a subclass to include properties I missed the first time
>>>> around.
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>>  3. I think it would be better to model an instance of a Course as a
>>>>> collection of EducationalEvents and CreativeWorks.
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>  The integration with Event is one of the places that needs refining.
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>>  4. Language is difficult. The different usage between UK and US
>>>>> English is one thing, but more importantly commonly used terms often relate
>>>>> to specific education systems or pedagogies. So phrases like "instructors
>>>>> deliver lessons to students" implies a particular pedagogy. Also this means
>>>>> that common terms become ambiguous and open to misinterpretation in
>>>>> international use, e.g. class, course, programme, module. This is important
>>>>> in schema.org where definitions tend to be minimalist.
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>  Good point. I'll update the description to be more inclusive of other
>>>> educational systems.
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> As a general question, do you have some usecases in mind and target
>>>>> example websites? It's difficult to assess whether these properties are
>>>>> sufficient and realistic without those.
>>>>>
>>>>
>>>>  I'll update the document to include some of the sites I was using for
>>>> reference, but they were:
>>>>
>>>>  Coursera (The example came from
>>>> https://www.coursera.org/course/datascitoolbox)
>>>> MIT course catalog (http://student.mit.edu/catalog/m6a.html)
>>>> Stanford course catalog (https://explorecourses.stanford.edu)
>>>> edX (https://www.edx.org/)
>>>> Cambridge Center for Adult Education (http://www.ccae.org/)
>>>>
>>>>  - Vicki
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>   Vicki Tardif Holland | Ontologist | vtardif@google.com
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> We invite research leaders and ambitious early career researchers to
>>>> join us in leading and driving research in key inter-disciplinary themes.
>>>> Please see www.hw.ac.uk/researchleaders for further information and
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>>>>
>>>> Heriot-Watt University is a Scottish charity registered under charity
>>>> number SC000278.
>>>>
>>>
>
>
>  We invite research leaders and ambitious early career researchers to join
> us in leading and driving research in key inter-disciplinary themes. Please
> see www.hw.ac.uk/researchleaders for further information and how to
> apply.
>
>  Heriot-Watt University is a Scottish charity registered under charity
> number SC000278.
>