- From: Jeff Pan <pan@cs.man.ac.uk>
- Date: Thu, 27 Jan 2005 17:22:17 -0000
- To: "Jeremy Carroll" <jjc@hplb.hpl.hp.com>
- Cc: <public-swbp-wg@w3.org>
Jeremy, > Jeff will hopefully give the thumbs up for the changes this afternoon > and I will circulate a version with fixed ToC and example numbers before > the telecon. In general, it is fine with me. I have slightly revised it and put it in http://dl-web.man.ac.uk/~panz/xsch-sw/. For ease of review, I also put it here: **The 3rd papa of Section 1.1: The reader who is interested in defining their own datatypes should read section 2 and maybe appendix B, which gives a formal treatment in terms of OWL DL and user defined datatypes. ** The para just before Section 2.1: %% This section only deals with the problem of how to refer to such datatypes. Their semantics is treated in the appendices. Appendix A reviews the semantics of datatypes from the RDF and OWL recommendations. Appendix B describes how to integrate Description Logics (such as the SHOIN DL, which is the underpinning of OWL DL) with user defined datatypes. ** The last para in Appendix B: [Pan 2004] shows that we can combine any decidable DL (including SHOIN, the underpinning of OWL DL) that provides the conjunction and bottom constructors with a conforming unary datatype group and the combined DL is still decidable. Greetings, Jeff -- Dr. Jeff Z. Pan ( http://DL-Web.man.ac.uk/ ) School of Computer Science, The University of Manchester > > For ease of review of new material here it is: > > > [[ > 1.1 Reading this Document > > %% new section > > While this document can be read from start to finish, many readers will > benefit from skipping sections. > > The intended reader is informed about RDF and/or OWL, and may be a > creator or user of metadata or ontologies, or may be an implementor of > systems that implement the RDF or OWL Recommendations, or may be the > author or editor of related specifications. > > The reader who is interested in defining their own datatypes should read > section 2 and maybe appendix B, which gives a formal treatment in terms > of OWL DL. > > The reader who is interested in the correct use of datatypes should read > section 3, concerning which values are the same, and section 5 > concerning numerics, particularly, but not exclusively, for engineering > applications. > > Implementors probably should read most of the document: appendix A > summarizes the formal treatment of datatyping from the recommendations; > section 3 gives an extended discussion about equality; section 2 > discusses the mapping from URIs to user defined types. > > Readers most interested in formal semantics will find most value in > appendix B, concerning user defined datatypes, and section 3 concerning > equality. Such readers should start by reviewing appendix A, which > should be familiar. > > Section 4 on durations, is of more limited interest, but is significant > to any reader who wishes to use, implement or build on top of duration > datatypes. > ]] > > > [[ > 5. The Use of Numeric Types > > %% whole section is new > > For much data on the Semantic Web a motivation for providing type > information is to permit the use of the data by engineering > applications, and interoperation between engineering applications. Most > such data will be marked up using the numeric types from XML Schema. > > Loss in precision or unexpected changes in values due to automatic type > conversion could be problematic in an engineering environment. > > In the engineering domain there are three important types of usage for > numerics: count, measurement, and constant. > > count > A count is an integer representing essentially the cardinal number > for a set of things classified by some set of tests. An example would be > the count of packages of candy available for shipment. A count is an > exact number. Tests may include measurements, but a count is not an > approximation of a sum of these measurements nor is it a sum of the > approximation of these measurements. A type such as xsd:integer or a > type derived from xsd:integer is appropriate for counts. > measurement > A measurement is an inexact numeric value (usually represented as a > real) produced by some measurement method. This value denotes a value > range which includes the actual value. The actual value is unknowable, > but more precise measurement methods can reduce the range of uncertainty > up to a point. The precision or uncertainty is usually included with the > measurement value. Either implicitly using significant figures or > explicitly using a seperate property value such as error range. Either > the xsd:float or xsd:double datatypes are appropriate for measurement, > but it should be noted that these do not include a precision or > uncertainity, which should be included as the value of a separate > property. [XML SCHEMA2] explicitly states for xsd:decimal that, > "Precision is not reflected in this value space, the number 2.0 is not > distinct from the number 2.00." > constant > A constant is an exact value used in computation. It may or may not > be possible to express exactly as a numeric. A millimeter is exactly > 0.001 meters, but Pi is not 3.14159. Often an xsd:decimal will be more > appropriate than an xsd:float or xsd:double for expressing a constant. > > This suggests some potential needs and concerns for a type system > underlaying this. > > * Because the value spaces for these types are different, > measurements are disjoint from counts and constants. > * Some means of capturing precision or error/uncertainty is needed > for measurement values. > * Some means is desirable for writing down constants that cannot be > expressed precisely in numeric form. > > The first of these issues will generally be reflected in the use of > xsd:integer for counts, xsd:float and xsd:double for measurements, and > xsd:decimal for constants. > > The second issue concerning precision of measurements, must be addressed > at the modelling level by using objects to state precision or error > properties for measurements. This is not a bad approach any since there > are often other properties or metadata associated with a measurement. > > For the third issue, concerning some constants, no solution is offered. > ]] > > Jeremy > > > >
Received on Thursday, 27 January 2005 17:24:39 UTC