RE: Footnote discussions

+1 to Matt’s comments. We are working on developing a recommendation toward a specification. Implementation and education is a concern, but we need to be cautious about basing our recommendations on lack of familiarity in one industry. Publishers (like myself) may be very willing to embrace these models and may even be looking for better ways to express details than what is currently available.

Here is how I can see a basic <footnote> element in HTML being used.

<footnote class="marginal" role="note | footnote" > <! -- this wording is under discussion. Currently, “note” is an ARIA role [1]. “Footnote” may be added in DPUB module -->
<p>Bow wow wow ipsizzle dolor sit amizzle, shizzlin dizzle adipiscing brizzle. Cool sapien velit, aliquet volutpat, suscipit rizzle, doggy vizzle, arcu. Pellentesque egizzle nizzle. Rizzle eros... </p> </footnote>

Likewise, the same publication could include:
<footnote class="end" role="note | footnote" >
<p>Lorem shiznit dolizzle sizzle amizzle, get down get down fizzle. Nullam sapien velizzle, go to hizzle volutpat, suscipizzle quis, gravida vizzle, arcu. Pellentesque pizzle tortor.</p>
<p>Sizzle sizzle. Brizzle izzle dolor shizzle my nizzle crocodizzle fizzle tempus gangsta. Maurizzle pellentesque black izzle turpizzle. Daahng dawg get down get down tortizzle. Pellentesque crackalackin rhoncizzle its fo rizzle. In check it out habitasse sure dictumst. For sure dapibizzle. Curabitur tellizzle fo, pretizzle funky fresh, mattizzle own yo', eleifend vitae, nunc. Dizzle suscipizzle. Integizzle semper mammasay mammasa mamma oo sa sizzle purizzle. </p>
</footnote>

In our work with PF, we are recommending a “noteref” role as well (definition: “A reference to a note, typically appearing a superscripted symbol in the main body of text.”)

Once we get into publications in which we are trying to distinguish among authors of different notes (and perhaps at different times), I think we need to explore the Annotations model and/or RDFa.

CSS:
Footnote.marginal
(…}
Footnote.end {…}


Or
If we get into the RDFa route:
footnote [prefix:agent=”author”]


Note text pulled from Gangsta Lorem Ipsum [2].

[1] http://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria/roles#note

[2] http://lorizzle.nl/


Tzviya Siegman
Digital Book Standards & Capabilities Lead
Wiley
201-748-6884
tsiegman@wiley.com<mailto:tsiegman@wiley.com>

From: Matt Garrish [mailto:matt.garrish@bell.net]
Sent: Friday, February 06, 2015 6:18 PM
To: Bill Kasdorf; Dave Cramer
Cc: Liam R E Quin; Siegman, Tzviya - Hoboken; Shane McCarron; David MacDonald; Robert Sanderson; George Kerscher; W3C Digital Publishing IG
Subject: Re: Footnote discussions

Sure, but then I could ask why let publishers uninterested in making full use of the web drive decisions to mediocrity?

From: Bill Kasdorf<mailto:bkasdorf@apexcovantage.com>
Sent: Friday, February 06, 2015 6:05 PM
To: Matt Garrish<mailto:matt.garrish@bell.net> ; Dave Cramer<mailto:dauwhe@gmail.com>
Cc: Liam R E Quin<mailto:liam@w3.org> ; Siegman, Tzviya - Hoboken<mailto:tsiegman@wiley.com> ; Shane McCarron<mailto:shane@aptest.com> ; David MacDonald<mailto:david100@sympatico.ca> ; Robert Sanderson<mailto:azaroth42@gmail.com> ; George Kerscher<mailto:kerscher@montana.com> ; W3C Digital Publishing IG<mailto:public-digipub-ig@w3.org>
Subject: RE: Footnote discussions

Well, yes, they need to be . . . but good luck with that.

From: Matt Garrish [mailto:matt.garrish@bell.net]
Sent: Friday, February 06, 2015 6:04 PM
To: Bill Kasdorf; Dave Cramer
Cc: Liam R E Quin; Siegman, Tzviya - Hoboken; Shane McCarron; David MacDonald; Robert Sanderson; George Kerscher; W3C Digital Publishing IG
Subject: Re: Footnote discussions

We’re probably conflating several different discussions, as I’m certainly not always sure when I reply what model we’re talking about: a new dedicated element with attributes, enhancement of aria roles, open annotation ... ?

Coming late to all these discussions, open annotation seems the most advanced option for notes. Is there a reason why we need something else? Has it been evaluated thoroughly in this context? It seems like an effective way to solve encapsulation of the notes without hideous content models, handle advanced metadata, etc.

Maybe harder than what publishers are used to, but didn’t the metadata group recently publish a document saying that publishers need to be better educated on, and embrace, these technologies... ;)

Matt



From: Bill Kasdorf<mailto:bkasdorf@apexcovantage.com>
Sent: Friday, February 06, 2015 5:37 PM
To: Matt Garrish<mailto:matt.garrish@bell.net> ; Dave Cramer<mailto:dauwhe@gmail.com>
Cc: Liam R E Quin<mailto:liam@w3.org> ; Siegman, Tzviya - Hoboken<mailto:tsiegman@wiley.com> ; Shane McCarron<mailto:shane@aptest.com> ; David MacDonald<mailto:david100@sympatico.ca> ; Robert Sanderson<mailto:azaroth42@gmail.com> ; George Kerscher<mailto:kerscher@montana.com> ; W3C Digital Publishing IG<mailto:public-digipub-ig@w3.org>
Subject: RE: Footnote discussions

It strikes me that at the heart of this argument is that it would be nice to have three attributes:

--One for the structural semantics, e.g. "note"
--One for content semantics, e.g. "editor-note" or "translation" or "interesting_tidbit"
--One for presentation (which we've got, e.g., @class="footnote" or @class="endnote" or @class="margin_note" or whatever else you want)

Seems to me we're close to getting @role for the first one, but it also seems that we currently have to stick the middle one in one of the other two, or perhaps get into metadata, schema.org, etc. for that. Which really isn't that big a deal because frankly the middle one is seldom used except in note-rich books like textual editions. The structural semantics and the presentation attribute should fill the bill in 95+% of the cases anyhow.

From: Matt Garrish [mailto:matt.garrish@bell.net]
Sent: Friday, February 06, 2015 4:36 PM
To: Bill Kasdorf; Dave Cramer
Cc: Liam R E Quin; Siegman, Tzviya - Hoboken; Shane McCarron; David MacDonald; Robert Sanderson; George Kerscher; W3C Digital Publishing IG
Subject: Re: Footnote discussions

But I’m not suggesting that the author has no influence; that’s where I think we need stronger/better metadata. What I object to is that there is only one placement and that that placement is fixed in space for all time by the publisher. That’s only a necessity of print.

Capture the real semantics of the annotation, and placement should flow from there. If you capture that a note is marginalia in its role, then absolutely the default for any reading system should be expanded placement in the margin (agreeing as I mentioned earlier that this kind of placement is still largely a failure, unless you do fixed layouts). But I should still be able to override that intent.

And just to be clear again, my biggest issue is with foot/end notes being generally interchangeable. I’m not intending to suggest that foot/end notes and marginalia are the same beast, or that all notes must occur in using only one presentation. There are just failures in following print layout models in digital, and forcing notes off to a separate document where they can’t be dynamically compiled and presented easily with their content is one.

Matt

From: Bill Kasdorf<mailto:bkasdorf@apexcovantage.com>
Sent: Friday, February 06, 2015 4:18 PM
To: Dave Cramer<mailto:dauwhe@gmail.com> ; Matt Garrish<mailto:matt.garrish@bell.net>
Cc: Liam R E Quin<mailto:liam@w3.org> ; Siegman, Tzviya - Hoboken<mailto:tsiegman@wiley.com> ; Shane McCarron<mailto:shane@aptest.com> ; David MacDonald<mailto:david100@sympatico.ca> ; Robert Sanderson<mailto:azaroth42@gmail.com> ; George Kerscher<mailto:kerscher@montana.com> ; W3C Digital Publishing IG<mailto:public-digipub-ig@w3.org>
Subject: RE: Footnote discussions

Plus frankly publishers just plain WANT to control these things and will not accept not being able to.

Doesn't mean the user can't override some things, but you can't eliminate the publisher's ability to design the experience (print or digital) as she wants.

From: Dave Cramer [mailto:dauwhe@gmail.com]
Sent: Friday, February 06, 2015 4:02 PM
To: Matt Garrish
Cc: Bill Kasdorf; Liam R E Quin; Siegman, Tzviya - Hoboken; Shane McCarron; David MacDonald; Robert Sanderson; George Kerscher; W3C Digital Publishing IG
Subject: Re: Footnote discussions

On Fri, Feb 6, 2015 at 1:29 PM, Matt Garrish <matt.garrish@bell.net<mailto:matt.garrish@bell.net>> wrote:

It feels wrong to me (if you can't guess!) that in a digital world publishers should have a say in where notes appear and how. They should only be providing the context for rendering the notes and leave it to the user and their reading system to determine the most appropriate presentation for them. I don't even see this as an "accessibility" issue so much as a simple usability issue for everyone. We all benefit from better control of our reading experiences.


I would agree that "we all benefit from better control of our reading experiences." I would disagree with it being wrong for document authors to have a say in how notes, or any other element, is rendered. Allow users options? Absolutely. Allow users to override author stylesheets? Absolutely. But not to have a say? That seems extreme. Design is one way of communicating the author's intent to the reader. A given design might not work for all readers, but seems to be a worthwhile starting point.

Years ago we published a book by Stephen Colbert. Every paragraph had a marginal note (which would have role="snark" in a perfect world). The placement of those notes in relation to the text they comment on was important to the story. Making them endnotes or popups would not serve the text. I argued against releasing an ebook of the title at the time, because I didn't think we then had the technology to honor the author's intent.

Dave