The official rules for applying the ARIA naming & description calculation
to SVG elements is in the SVG AAM:
https://w3c.github.io/svg-aam/#mapping_additional_nd
That text hasn't been updated since the Accessible Name and Description
Computation 1.1 <https://www.w3.org/TR/accname-1.1/> spec was finalized as
a W3C Recommendation. Please file issues on SVG AAM
<https://github.com/w3c/svg-aam/issues/> if you notice any problems, or if
you find the spec text confusing. (It's written as a series of patches to
the ACCName algorithm, which makes it difficult to read on its own, but
easier to find what is unique.)
For your other questions about validity of unnamed elements, please also file
issues on the spec <https://github.com/w3c/svg-aam/issues/>. I'm sorry it's
been languishing so long as a working draft, but it will definitely help
move it along to get some feedback from implementers & from people working
on accessibility validation in real, complex websites.
Best,
~Amelia Bellamy-Royds
>