Re: Activity Streams and Annotations

James, thanks so much for diving in at TPAC last year!

I'm going to top post (sorry) what I *think* is the output of the thread
below--and hopefully matches your in-person chat with Rob last year.

One or both of you can tell me it's incorrect. ^_^

Based on Option A (which seemed to be the immediate "winner"), I made this:

http://tinyurl.com/pe8grco
(JSON-LD playground view of the below doc)

```
{
  "@context": "http://asjsonld.mybluemix.net",
  "@type": "http://example.org/verbs/Upload",
  "actor": "acct:sally@example.org",
  "object": {
    "@context": {....elided for space...},
    "body": "A simple value",
    "target": {
      "@id": "http://example.org/foo##a text-fragment"
    },
    "annotatedBy": "acct:sally@example.org",
    "annotatedAt": "2014-10-30T12:34:56Z",
    "motivation": "oa:editing"
  }
}
```

That reads rather nicely, I'd say. :)

According to the JSON-LD Playground, the N3 output looks like this:
```
_:b0 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <
http://example.org/verbs/Upload> .
_:b0 <http://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams#actor> <acct:sally@example.org> .
_:b0 <http://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams#object> _:b1 .
_:b1 <http://www.w3.org/ns/oa#annotatedAt> "2014-10-30T12:34:56Z" .
_:b1 <http://www.w3.org/ns/oa#annotatedBy> <acct:sally@example.org> .
_:b1 <http://www.w3.org/ns/oa#hasBody> "A simple value" .
_:b1 <http://www.w3.org/ns/oa#hasTarget> <http://example.org/foo##a
text-fragment> .
_:b1 <http://www.w3.org/ns/oa#motivatedBy> <http://www.w3.org/ns/oa#editing>
.
```

Which I think is what both vocabularies would expect.

Does that look correct to you both (et al)?

If this is it (or if we're close) I'd like to suggest we add an appendix to
the draft in the same way we have for the PROV model/vocab:
http://www.w3.org/TR/annotation-model/#mapping-to-provenance-model

Rob, I'd be happy to help with the clerical work of doing that, but would
need some oversight to make sure it's correct. :)

Thanks again James for being involved here, and thanks (as ever) Rob for
herding all these vocabularies!

Cheers!
Benjamin
--
Developer Advocate
http://hypothes.is/

On Thu, Oct 30, 2014 at 5:39 PM, James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com> wrote:

> On Thu, Oct 30, 2014 at 2:06 PM, Robert Sanderson <azaroth42@gmail.com>
> wrote:
> >
> [snip]
> >
> >>
> >> Let's just focus on a couple of these:
> >> {
> >>   "@context": "...",
> >>   "oa:hasBody": {
> >>     "@type": "xsd:string",
> >>     "@value": "A simple value"
> >>   },
> >
> >
> > As a note, this is not valid in the CG's Open Annotation model (the Body
> > must be a resource, not a Literal) and would also not be a valid
> > serialization in the ED coming from discussions this week (the Body may
> be a
> > Literal, but must be represented as a simple string rather than with an
> > explicit data type).
> >
>
>
> Ok, good to know. When I was looking around I came across a number of
> different examples so wasn't exactly sure what direction things were
> heading so figured I'd just hand wave that part for now ;-)
>
> >>
> >>   "oa:hasTarget": {
> >>      "@id": "http://example.org/foo##a+text-fragment
> >>   },
> >>   "oa:annotatedBy": "acct:sally@example.org",
> >>   "oa:annotatedAt": "2014-10-30T12:34:56Z",
> >>   "oa:motivatedBy": "oa:editing"
> >> }
> >>
> >> Within Activity Streams, we have two possible ways of moving forward:
> >> A. We can use the OA vocabulary within the direct object of an
> >> Activity statement:
> >
> >
> > +1
> >
> > User: Sally
> > Action: Created / Uploaded
> > Object: Annotation
> >
> >
> >> Which works reasonably well but has some issues. Even more
> >> interesting, however, is that we can...
> >>
> >> B. We can leverage the JSON-LD to map somewhat seamlessly between the
> >> Activity Streams and OA Vocabularies:
> >>
> >>
> >> {
> >>   "@context": [
> >>     "http://asjsonld.mybluemix.net",
> >>     {
> >>       "oa": "http://www.w3.org/ns/oa#",
> >>       "object": "oa:hasBody",
> >>       "target": "oa:hasTarget",
> >>       "actor": "oa:annotatedBy",
> >>       "published": "oa:annotatedAt",
> >>       "generator": "oa:serializedBy"
> >>     }
> >>   ],
> >>
> >>   "@type": "oa:Annotation",
> >>   "actor": "acct:sally@example.org",
> >>   "object": {
> >>     "@type": "xsd:string",
> >>     "@value": "This is a simple annotation"
> >>   },
> >>   "target": "http://example.org/something##this+is+something",
> >>   "oa:motivatedBy": {
> >>     "@type": "oa:Motivation",
> >>     "@id": "oa:editing"
> >>   }
> >> }
> >
> >
> > As I understand it, please correct me if I'm wrong, this version amounts
> to:
> >
> > User: Sally
> > Action: Annotated
> > Object: "This is a simple annotation"
> > and the target in Activity Streams speak is the indirect object, which
> > happens to be the Target in Open Annotation speak.
> >
>
> In AS, the target property is used to indicate the object to which the
> activity has been directed. I admit that it's a bit convoluted, but
> the example above amounts to "Sally posted-as-an-annotation the string
> "This is a simple annotation" on <target>". Here, the verb becomes the
> idiomatic "posted as an annotation" as opposed to just "created" or
> "uploaded", etc. It does require a different way of thinking about the
> Activity (the verb becomes a noun) which is often not entirely
> intuitive. Activity Streams supports both ways of modeling it so it
> really depends on what point of view y'all want to take on the
> Activity.
>
> > As confusing as it sounds, I think these are the other way round, and the
> > as:target is actually the oa:body. If the verb is "annotated", and
> > example.org/something is "Something" in natural language:
> >
> > Sally annotated Something with "This is a simple annotation"
> > Actor Verb Object [preposition] Target
> >
> > Whereas the version above seems more like:
> > Sally created a comment with the value "This is a simple annotation"
> about
> > Something
> >
> >
> > Option C.
> >
> > Instead, we could represent the annotation as an activity that the user
> > takes on the target resource, with the body of the annotation as the
> extra
> > information.  We could map the motivation to the verb, and keep the
> class as
> > Annotation...
> >
> > {
> >   "@type": "oa:Annotation",
> >   "verb" : "oa:commenting",
> >   "actor": "acct:sally@example.org",
> >   "object": "http://example.org/something##this+is+something",   //
> > oa:target
> >   "target": "This is a simple annotation"  // oa:body
> > }
> >
> > User: Sally
> > Action: commenting [on]
> > Object: http://example.org/something
> > [IndirectObject: "This is a simple annotation"]
> >
> > And thus the English sentence:
> > Sally commented on Something with "This is a simple annotation"
> >
>
> Yes, this is absolutely possible but the object and target would be
> switched.
>
> > Equivalently, for some of the other motivations:
> >  * Sally bookmarked Something
> >  * Sally identified Something as SomethingElse
> >  * Sally replied to Something with "a simple reply"
> >  * Sally highlighted Something
> >  * Sally classified Something as a SomethingElse
> >  * Sally described Something as "a simple description"
> >
> >
> > Also, some questions that I couldn't figure out from AS-core and
> > AS-vocabulary:
> >
> > 1. Can there be multiple objects and targets?
> > We allow multiple bodies and multiple targets in the current
> specification,
> > without using the multiplicity constructs and just by repeating the
> > predicate (in RDF terms).  In JSON(-LD) terms, the values of object and
> > target would be arrays.
> >
>
> Yes.
>
> > 2. Can there be a target without an object?
> > If not, as body is optional, option B would not work for bookmark or
> > highlight.
> >
>
> In the case of "bookmark" and "highlight" (as used in this context),
> there typically is not a target to which the action is performed. So
> those would typically end up as "object"... e.g.
>
> {
>   "actor": "acct:sally@example.org",
>   "verb": "oa:bookmarking",
>   "object": "http://example.org/foo"
> }
>
> But that would violate the @context mapping above so it gets a bit
> tricky. This is where the Activity Vocabulary gets a bit murky because
> it has really been designed to model actions in relation to direct and
> indirect objects which can shift depending on exactly how the verb is
> being used and has been defined. Given this possible ambiguity then,
> Option A is looking more and more attractive ;-), especially in that
> it provides a much cleaner layering between the vocabularies.
>
> > 3.  Can there be a class /and/ a verb as above in option C, to support
> the
> > class and motivation?  And if so, should the AS-core spec describe the
> > precedence between the two?
>
> Yes, but the WG is currently evaluating this further. As I've
> mentioned, there are cases where it is extremely helpful to model the
> verbs as nouns (e.g. rather than "Sally liked a thing" it's "Sally
> created a Like about a thing", treating the Like as a resource in it's
> own right). We have to think about this particular bit more, however,
> because there are strengths and weaknesses in both points of view.
>
> >
> > The rationale for both at once is that the resource is an Annotation,
> and it
> > was created with some intent.  For example, the annotation created with
> the
> > intent to describe the target is not /itself/ a Description... it links
> the
> > description in the body to the resource that it describes.
> >
>
> Absolutely. I'll be stewing over this a bit more over the next couple
> of days. Generally we have two paths forward on this:
>
> 1. Model the Annotation as "Just another objectType" layered on top of
> Activity Streams (my Option A above); or
>
> 2. Map oa:Annotation onto the Activity Vocabulary which would likely
> require some tweaks here and there to either vocabulary to make it
> work.
>
> The "Right Answer™" is likely some mix of these two but for right now,
> the first choice is probably the path of least resistance.
>
> >
> > Thanks again James, and if you're still at TPAC (and get this on Thursday
> > afternoon) and would like to discuss, I'm happy to jump out of the
> Digital
> > Publishing IG to do so.
> >
>
> I actually just walked through the door back at home in Fresno just a
> short while ago but will definitely have time to kick this around in
> email over the next couple of days. If necessary we can see about
> jumping into IRC as well.
>
> - James
>
> > Rob
> >
> > --
> > Rob Sanderson
> > Technology Collaboration Facilitator
> > Digital Library Systems and Services
> > Stanford, CA 94305
>
>