the G spot (understanding intelligence)

Apologies for overloading the list.

Organisms without a brain continue to be considered models of intelligence
in technology discourse. This has always been a concern to me.

We need to  model intelligence not just on human level capability, but
intelligent, ethical considerate human level capability. That is scarce in
the real world.  The cellular complexity of the human brain plays a role in
this scenario (which parts of the brain/mind continuum are involved in
ethical intelligent processes?what motivates/justifies/rewards ethical
intelligence?).

In addition to the challenges of figuring out knowledge and representation,
we need to figure out intelligence. New research is based on neuroscience
and neurotechnologies and psychology and the universe

There is a thing called the G factor, which may benefit from being
researched and expanded on in the light of its relevance to AI KR
Long journey ahead, buckle up


(from Special Issue *g* and Its Underlying Executive Processes
<https://www.mdpi.com/journal/jintelligence/special_issues/g>)

One of the best-established findings in intelligence research is the
pattern of positive
correlations among various intelligence tests. Although this so-called
positive manifold became
the conceptual foundation of many theoretical accounts of intelligence, the
very nature of it has
remained unclear.
......
One of the best-established and most replicated findings in psychology is
the pattern
of positive correlations among various tests of psychometric intelligence,
even if these tests
measure quite different mental abilities (van der Maas et al. 2006). This
so-called positive
manifold was first described by Spearman (1904). To account for this
phenomenon, he
proceeded from the assumption of a single underlying fundamental function,
referred to as
the g (or general) factor of intelligence or psychometric g. Later research
corroborated the
positive manifold but introduced additional group factors of intelligence
to describe the
positive manifold more adequately (Deary 2012). Group factor models
describe intelligence
as a hierarchical construct with specific tests or abilities at the lower
level of the hierarchy,
which can be grouped to more general factors at a higher level (e.g., fluid
intelligence,
7
crystallized intelligence, broad visual or auditory abilities). As these
group factors are still
correlated with each other, a g factor builds the apex of the hierarchy
(Carroll 1993; Johnson
and Bouchard 2005; McGrew 2009; Süß and Beauducel 2015).
Although most researchers agree on the possibility of describing the
positive manifold
(at least indirectly via group factors) by means of a g factor, the very
meaning of this factor
is still the subject of a lively debate. While originally Spearman (1904,
1927) assumed the g
factor reflected mental energy, Jensen (1982) pointed to mental speed and
Kyllonen (1996)
to working memory capacity as possible sources underlying g. To date,
however, no single
function or process has been identified that fully accounts for the
positive ma-nifold or
correlates perfectly with g

no single function or process has been identified that fully accounts for
the positive ma-nifold or
correlates perfectly with g
*J. Intell.* *2021*, *9*(3), 37;
https://doi.org/10.3390/jintelligence9030037
Received: 28 November 2020 / Revised: 24 June 2021 / Accepted: 12 July 2021
/ Published: 15 July 2021