Re: Having h5 after h2 is a violation as per 1.3.1 info & relationships. - was: WCAG violations or accessibility enhancements

Right on, Glenda! That would be one way to have the header level set itself
automatically, separate from typography.

On Fri, Mar 2, 2018 at 9:51 AM, Glenda Sims <glenda.sims@deque.com> wrote:

> Crazy idea o' the week.  This problem of heading structure never happens
> to us in ordered lists..because we let the browsers render the list
> numbers.  Wouldn't it be super cool if we could have a similar construct in
> html for headings.
>
> I've only had one cup o' coffee....so this may not be the best idea I ever
> had...
>
> Example of dynamic heading structure
> <oh>  Glenda's make believe ordered headings
>    <hi>  Glenda's make believe heading item </hi>
>    <oh>
>         <hi> Another make believe heading item </hi>
> <!--#include file="includewithheading.html" -->
>         <hi>The last heading in this example</hi>
> <!-- end of include -->
>     </oh>
> </oh>
>
> And this would render as if I had coded it the "old fashioned way":
>
> <h1>Glenda's make believe heading item</h1>
> <h2>Another make believe heading item<h2>
> <h2>The last heading in this example</h2>
>
> Going to get a second cup o' coffee now...
> Goodwitch
>
> glenda sims  |   team a11y lead   |    deque.com    |    512.963.3773
> <(512)%20963-3773>
> *web for everyone. web on everything.* -  w3 goals
>
> [image: IAAP International Association of Accessibility Professionals:
> Certified Professional in Accessibility Core Competencies (CPACC)]
> <http://www.accessibilityassociation.org/certification>
>
>
>
>
> On Fri, Mar 2, 2018 at 8:22 AM, Claudio Luis Vera <
> claudio@simple-theory.com> wrote:
>
>> There's a core UX problem with all document software that's leading to
>> this header issue. When authors create content in a program like Word,
>> they're largely selecting headers to set up typographical fenceposts in
>> their documents. For someone who has no knowledge of accessibility, a
>> choice of header has everything to do with font size, color, boldness, and
>> paragraph spacing. They're also making these choices based on what they
>> feel is the appropriate contrast and emphasis with the underlying text --
>> much as a person speaking would modulate the volume of their voice. As a
>> visual designer, I myself have skipped header levels for years before
>> becoming aware of their importance to users of screen readers.
>>
>> The problem lies in that authoring tools by default have a 1:1 match
>> between the typographic style and a single header level. To make an
>> oversize h3 look like an h5, well, you have to use an h5 and skip header
>> levels.
>> A more conscious or experienced user might create a template with
>> additional h3 styles that look like an h4 or h5, and give them names like
>> Header 3 Large, Header 3 Medium, and Header 3 Small.
>>
>> A better approach may be to separate the semantics of the header
>> structure from type choices by having the user flag something as a header,
>> then decide where it is to be nested in an outline panel -- and then choose
>> font sizes separately. This would prevent the authors from having headers
>> that are orphaned from their parents.
>>
>>
>>
>> On Thu, Mar 1, 2018 at 2:23 PM, David Best <davebest@cogeco.ca> wrote:
>>
>>> This, I believe, illustrates the fine line between WCAG criteria and
>>> usability preferences. Technically, I do not think it is a 1.3.1 violation,
>>> but it may create user confusion, as the screen reader question would be
>>> "what am I missing?". This may occur on dynamic pages, and may not
>>> necessarily be under the control of the web page if third party widgets are
>>> used. So, it is really a question of good design and branding.
>>>
>>> David
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> *From:* Phill Jenkins [mailto:pjenkins@us.ibm.com]
>>> *Sent:* March 1, 2018 01:30 PM
>>> *To:* Rakesh Paladugula
>>> *Cc:* Ramakrishnan Subramanian; w3c-wai-ig@w3.org
>>> *Subject:* Re: Having h5 after h2 is a violation as per 1.3.1 info &
>>> relationships. - was: WCAG violations or accessibility enhancements
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> Why is
>>>         Having h5 after h2
>>> a violation of 1.3.1?
>>>         *1.3.1*
>>> <http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/REC-WCAG20-20081211/#content-structure-separation-programmatic>* Info
>>> and Relationships:* Information, structure
>>> <https://www.w3.org/TR/UNDERSTANDING-WCAG20/content-structure-separation-programmatic.html#structuredef>,
>>> and relationships
>>> <https://www.w3.org/TR/UNDERSTANDING-WCAG20/content-structure-separation-programmatic.html#relationshipsdef> conveyed
>>> through presentation
>>> <https://www.w3.org/TR/UNDERSTANDING-WCAG20/content-structure-separation-programmatic.html#presentationdef>can
>>> be programmatically determined
>>> <https://www.w3.org/TR/UNDERSTANDING-WCAG20/content-structure-separation-programmatic.html#programmaticallydetermineddef> or
>>> are available in text. (Level A)
>>>
>>> 1.3.1 doesn't require perfect nesting order - just that it can be
>>> programmatically determined.
>>>
>>> There are plently of examples of news type pages that may have a bold
>>> looking headline heading tagged as an <h2> followed in the reading order by
>>> a very small heading, such as  "Other Author Articles" tagged as an H5.
>>> What would be wrong with that per the Success Criteria?
>>>
>>> The Understanding 1.3.3
>>> <https://www.w3.org/TR/UNDERSTANDING-WCAG20/content-structure-separation-programmatic.html>
>>> says: "The intent of this Success Criterion is to ensure that
>>> information and relationships that are implied by visual or auditory
>>> formatting are preserved when the presentation format changes. For example,
>>> the presentation format changes when the content is read by a screen reader
>>> . . . Sighted users perceive structure and relationships through various
>>> visual cues — headings are often in a larger, bold font separated from
>>> paragraphs by blank lines; . .
>>> under *Additional Techniques (Advisory) for 1.3.1*
>>> G141: Organizing a page using headings
>>> <http://www.w3.org/TR/2016/NOTE-WCAG20-TECHS-20161007/G141>
>>> https://www.w3.org/TR/2016/NOTE-WCAG20-TECHS-20161007/G141which says:
>>> "To facilitate navigation and understanding of overall document structure,
>>> authors should use headings that are properly nested (e.g., h1 followed by
>>> h2, h2 followed by h2 or h3, h3 followed by h3 or h4, etc.).
>>> Tests
>>> *Procedure*
>>>
>>> 2.        Check that a heading for each section exists.
>>>
>>>
>>> *Expected Results*
>>>
>>>    - Check #2 is true.
>>>
>>> Note that
>>> a.) G141 is an advisory techniue,
>>> b.) G141 does not say "shall" or "must",
>>> c.) G141 does not fail if the heading are not nested,
>>> d.) G141 passes if each section has a heading,
>>> e.) advisory techniques are best practices, not examples of failures to
>>> meet a Success Criteria,
>>> f.) Common Failures for SC 1.3.1 does not list an example with
>>> incorrectly nested headings .
>>>
>>>
>>> On 14-Feb-2018, at 11:41 AM, Ramakrishnan Subramanian <
>>> ram.eict2013@gmail.com> wrote:
>>>
>>> Heading order:
>>> Whether the following heading level is considered an accessibility
>>> violation? if yes, which criteria does this violate?
>>> The first heading level in the page is <h2> sample text </h2>
>>> The next heading level is <h5> sample text </h5>
>>> ___________
>>> Regards,
>>> Phill Jenkins
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> On 14-Feb-2018, at 11:41 AM, Ramakrishnan Subramanian <
>>> ram.eict2013@gmail.com> wrote:
>>>
>>> Dear Members,
>>> I hope it is appropriate to post this query here.
>>> I kindly request you to help me understand few of the accessibility
>>> related issues mentioned below.
>>> Whether these are treated as accessibility enhancement which would be
>>> helpful for the end user. Or accessibility violation.
>>> Heading order:
>>> Whether the following heading level is considered an accessibility
>>> violation? if yes, which criteria does this violate?
>>> The first heading level in the page is <h2> sample text </h2>
>>> The next heading level is <h5> sample text </h5>
>>>
>>> Landmark regions:
>>> When there are different content given inside two different aria
>>> region, with same aria label. Under which criteria this fails?
>>> <div role=”region” aria-label=”apple”>
>>> Apple related content goes here
>>> </div>
>>> <div role=”region” aria-label=”apple”>
>>> Bannana related content goes here
>>> </div>
>>> 3. Links which open in a new window:
>>> When there is no indication for the screen reader users for the link
>>> which opens in a new window, is that considered an accessibility
>>> violation? If yes, which criteria does this issue violate?
>>>
>>>
>>> --
>>>
>>> Thanks and Regards
>>> Ramakrishnan
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>
>>
>> --
>> User Experience | Information Architecture | Accessibility
>> simple-theory.com
>> +1 954-417-4188 <(954)%20417-4188>
>>
>>
>


-- 
User Experience | Information Architecture | Accessibility
simple-theory.com
+1 954-417-4188

Received on Friday, 2 March 2018 14:55:34 UTC