Re: Level AA exceptions

> On Aug 14, 2015, at 2:25 PM, Phill Jenkins <pjenkins@us.ibm.com> wrote:
> 
> Gregg, 
> 
> > Hope this helps 
> 
> Sure, but mostly what I already posted.  

> What's missing is the documented rationale for why an individual particular SC is considered Level AA.

GV:  The answer is always — because, after discussion, postings, feedback from the lists, and considering all factors - - that was the consensus of the group as to the level that it belonged. 

Each SC was  considered individually.   

>  We have all the "possible" factors, being 'Essential" was indeed one of the factors, But we don't have documented which of the many possible factors were considered for this particular SC. Yes we know in general that all these factors may have been considered for all the SC.  but, For example, again, 
>         Why was SC 1.4.3 Contrast Minimum assigned AA? 

GV:  Because, after discussion, postings, feedback from the lists, and considering all factors - - that was the consensus of the group as to the level that it belonged. 

>         Why was SC 2.4.7 Focus Visible assigned AA?   

GV:  Because, after discussion, postings, feedback from the lists, and considering all factors - - that was the consensus of the group as to the level that it belonged. 

> Many feel it is essential, but mostly handled by the browser, is that why?  where is that written?   

GV:  I do not now why many feel that it is essential.  I would bet that if you asked them - you would get different reasons or balances of reasons from each person - even if they all considered it essential.  The same with the working group.  After 
> 
> Why a SC is assigned Level AAA seems to be more clear and agreed to because it was not possible to meet them for all web sites and types of content.     

GV:  Well that is one of the rare things that did put something in a particular level.  If you can’t always apply it - it would go in level AAA.   But there were no determinant items that I know of that put something in A or AA.
> 
> Are there other factors that were considered that weren't listed, such as availability of assistive technology in certain languages or countries? The availability of certain assistive technology features that are now in browsers is another factor not explicitly listed.  For example, Apple iOS has a newer contrast and font feature, does that have a factor in considering why SC 1.4.3 Contrast Minimum is assigned Level AA?  In other words, when should a new success criteria replace the existing one?  Should the new one place the requirement that the web content should not interfere and should respect the contrast settings of the platform, similar to the way the SC 1.4.4 Resize Text <http://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG20/#visual-audio-contrast-scale> is Level AA? 

GV:  There were a myriad of other factors that were advanced on lists, comment forms, the literature and discussions.  they were all considered.  So yes there were other things besides the ones listed that we considered.

The existence of a feature on a product or browser was not considered a reason to change an SC - because the content needs to work across all browsers.    But there are some features that are appearing on computers or browsers that are making it easier to meet some SC.  But if you are going to rely on a feature in the browser to meet the SC then you need to ask  whether all the users of your content will have that on the browser they need to use.   

And I don’t know what you mean by “replacing an SC”.   The SC are not changeable or replace-able.     And there is no need to replace and SC just because it is easier to meet.   The SC are based on user need.   The whole goal of many research efforts is to figure out how to make the needs - easier to meet.  

> 
> Again, is having a synopsis of the rationale for why each individual particular SC was assigned Level AA of value to everyone on this list?   

GV:  This is not possible.   If you wanted to you could try to round up every member of the Working Group and ask them why they agreed to put something at some level - but you would probably find as many different balances of ideas as you have working group members.   

So the answer remains for each SC: 
  Because, after discussion, postings, feedback from the lists, and considering all factors - - that was the consensus of the group as to the level that it belonged.


Again - there is no DEFINITION of what level A AA AAA mean other than 

Level A - The minimum you can do to conform at any level of WCAG 2.0
Level AA - More accessible 
Level AAA  - Even more accessible - but not accessible to all.  

You, or a purchasing agent, or a page designer, or a policymaker can decide what level they want to require. 

Some stop at Level A
Some require Level AA
Some choose Level AAA  (for their website or for some types of content.) (the Working group recommends against requiring AAA for all content on all sites because the Working Group could not figure out how to meet some level AAA on all content on all sites —  but it recommends that every do AAA whenever they can).  



I know some people want some concrete list of factors and weighting etc that resulted in each SC placement — but it wasn’t done mechanically so that can’t be reported or documented - and wouldn’t be the truth.   As in all consensus standards, it is the consensus that determines what is normative (and at what level - if there are levels).

ciao

Gregg
  
 


> ___________________________________________
> Regards,
> Phill Jenkins, 
> 
> 
> 
> 
> From:        Gregg Vanderheiden <gregg@raisingthefloor.org> 
> To:        Phill Jenkins/Austin/IBM@IBMUS 
> Cc:        IG - WAI Interest Group List list <w3c-wai-ig@w3.org>, GLWAI Guidelines WG org <w3c-wai-gl@w3.org> 
> Date:        08/13/2015 11:20 PM 
> Subject:        Re: Level AA exceptions 
> 
> 
> 
> Hi Phil 
> 
> Being Essential was indeed one of the factors.     
> However essential was not the dividing line between A and AA.   There are AA level provisions that are essential as well.    In fact there are AAA level provisions that are essential but that are in Level AAA because it was not possible to meet them for all web sites and types of content that the SC would apply.   So Essential is not a criteria by itself for an SC being in any level.    None of the items in the list was determinant for level A or AA provisions. 
> 
> 
> How were the levels decided for each SC?   
> As the Understanding WCAG 2.0 doc says - it was based on many factors - some of which are listed below. 
> 
> All of these factors in the list were considered by the working group in deciding which level something went into.  There was never one factor.   And there is no formula.  The level the SC ended up in was the level that the group reached consensus on for that provision -  given the different considerations below and more.  The list below are the ones identified in asking the group what was considered.    But it is not likely that is is exhaustive. 
> 
> 
> So the answer to  “why was a particular SC placed in level A or AA or AAA?”  is:   
>   Because it was the consensus of the Working Group that it be placed there. 
> And the answer to  “Bhat did they consider in placing the provision there?”  is:   
> The list in Understanding WCAG 2.0 gives the major considerations we identified but there are likely others as well. These are the ones the working group identified in answering this question. 
> 
> 
> 
> So what is the difference between A  and AA and AAA.  Think of them as a measure of accessibility as in    1 inch  2 inches and 3 inches.   each one is longer than the one  before.     A is so accessible. AA is more accessible and AAA is still more accessible.       People can decide how long (inches ) is long enough for a nail for example in order to hold up a beam.     Or how accessible something has to be in order to meet a minimum accessible standard.      Most have decided that A was not enough and that AA should be required by looking at what was in A and AA.    The working group recommended against requiring AAA for all content because there are some provisions there than cannot be applied to all content.  And there are other factors for others that put them in this category.   But there are places that require AAA for some parts of a site - or for some types of content - where they could apply there.   And there are those who reach AAA because they can for their site and they want to go further than Level AA. 
> 
> 
> Hope this helps. 
> 
> 
> (PS this is from my personal knowledge and memory of the working group and the proceedings - and is not an official statement of the working group)   
> (PPS  the PS  is my standard disclaimer for anything that is from my recollection and understanding and not reviewed and vetted by the working group current and past). 
> 
> 
> gregg 
> 
> ---------------------------------- 
> Gregg Vanderheiden 
> gregg@raisingthefloor.org <mailto:gregg@raisingthefloor.org> 
> 
> 
> 
> 
> On Aug 13, 2015, at 7:41 PM, Phill Jenkins <pjenkins@us.ibm.com <mailto:pjenkins@us.ibm.com>> wrote: 
> 
> As more and more policies and regulations adopt both level A and AA and thereby place more of the responsibility and burden on the web content, the notion of the difference between and rationale for having Level A and AA is getting lost and misunderstood.   
> 
> Is there still general consensus that there are interacting issue that need to be considered when applying Level AA Success Criteria to all web content and web applications?   
> 
> See Understanding Levels of Conformance <http://www.w3.org/TR/UNDERSTANDING-WCAG20/complete.html#uc-levels-head> http://www.w3.org/TR/UNDERSTANDING-WCAG20/complete.html#uc-levels-head <http://www.w3.org/TR/UNDERSTANDING-WCAG20/complete.html#uc-levels-head> 
> "The Success Criteria were assigned to one of the three levels of conformance by the working group after taking into consideration a wide range of interacting issues. Some of the common factors evaluated when setting the level included:
> whether the Success Criterion is essential (in other words, if the Success Criterion isn't met, then even assistive technology can't make content accessible)
> whether it is possible to satisfy the Success Criterion for all Web sites and types of content that the Success Criteria would apply to (e.g., different topics, types of content, types of Web technology)
> whether the Success Criterion requires skills that could reasonably be achieved by the content creators (that is, the knowledge and skill to meet the Success Criteria could be acquired in a week's training or less)
> whether the Success Criterion would impose limits on the "look & feel" and/or function of the Web page. (limits on function, presentation, freedom of expression, design or aesthetic that the Success Criteria might place on authors)
> whether there are no workarounds if the Success Criterion is not met."
> 
> So, that says to me that Level AA Success Criteria are not "essential",  some may not always apply to all types of content (e.g. contrast on complex visualizations), some may require skills that cannot always be reasonably achieved by the content creators (e.g. video descriptions), and that it may impose limits on the "look & feel" and/or function (e.g. more images / less text), although I believe those success criteria imposing limits were identified as Level AAA. 
> 
> In other words "...you are advocating that AA success criteria should have more 'wiggle room' than Level A Success Criteria" ? 
> Yes, because the working group reached consensus on making it level AA instead of Level A because of the wide range of interacting issues.  However, none of the supporting documents (Note1) have listed the specific "interacting issues" per individual success criteria for why it was assigned level AA or level AAA instead of level A.  Yes there are exceptions listed where appropriate for both Level A and AA Success Criteria, but those are not the all the issues discussed that caused the criteria to be assigned as AA instead of A.  Most if not all the "interacting issues" are logged deep in the e-mail archives of the working group.   
> 
> So, should there be documentation added on the rationale for why a success criteria was assigned level AA (instead of A or AAA) to help practitioners better understand "how to apply level AA success criteria" as compared to applying Level A success criteria?   For example, should a non-normative section be added titled  "Rationale for assigning this SC to Level AA" be added  to the Understanding WCAG 2.0 guide? 
> 
> Note 1: Supporting documents: 
> 1. Understanding WCAG 2.0 http://www.w3.org/TR/UNDERSTANDING-WCAG20/complete.html <http://www.w3.org/TR/UNDERSTANDING-WCAG20/complete.html> 
> 2. How to Meet WCAG 2.0 http://www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG20/quickref/ <http://www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG20/quickref/> 
> 
> ____________________________________________
> Regards,
> Phill Jenkins, 
>