- From: Charles McCathieNevile <charles@w3.org>
- Date: Mon, 14 Jun 1999 20:17:20 -0400 (EDT)
- To: Jason White <jasonw@ariel.ucs.unimelb.edu.au>
- cc: Web Content Accessibility Guidelines <w3c-wai-gl@w3.org>
The use of CSS is possible for HTML and for XML. But there are other approaches to solving the problem. For example in an HTML 3.2 world without CSS (which unfortunately is where many people still think they are living) it is perfectly possible to properly control the colours of certain document elemnts, secure in the knowledge that this can be easily over-ridden. On the other hand, the only mechanism available for controlling positioning - the abuse of tables, is not very easily over-ridden - it only comes with access to the DOM (or brutal reinterpretation of the source). Likewise, PDF does not allow control of the presentation. Which is why it is not accessible, and therefore should not be used for web content. Certainly the best approach is to use style sheets, along with other w3c standards. I think there is a case for saying, in paralell with the until user agents... clauses, "when user agents provide support for X, stop doing Y. The way that priorities are defined, we have to show that there is an (effectively) impassable barrier to make something a P1, or a significant barrier to make something P2. Things that are good ideas become P3 - new design should definitely take them into account, but they do not create barriers by themselves. Charles McCN On Tue, 15 Jun 1999, Jason White wrote: On Sun, 13 Jun 1999, Charles McCathieNevile wrote: > > Using style sheets is an HTML-specific techique for "Use methods which can > be over-ridden by the user to control presentation". Style sheets are definitely not HTML specific: both CSS and XSL are intended to apply to XML documents as well. Indeed, having an appropriate medium-specific style sheet for one's output device is even more important in the case of XML document types, where no reasonable default rendering can be supplied by the user agent. Regarding the importance of using the latest W3C specifications, I can think of several cases where there are specific access advantages, including: (1) HTML 4.0 compared with earlier versions; (2) CSS 2 positioning; (3) MathML as opposed to the use of images; (4) Smil as opposed to other multimedia formats that do not include access features. The access benefits of HTML 4.0 and CSS 2 are described in detail in relevant WAI publications, and there are similar advantages to be gained from the other formats mentioned. I think these benefits are so significant that checkpoint 11.1 deserves its priority 2 rating. In relation to PDF, one might be able to achieve Level A conformance in some circumstances using existing conversion technologies, provided that there are no multimedia objects in the PDF file and that the conversion software correctly determines the reading order of the document. However, PDF versions 1.2 and earlier do not support any genuine separation of content from presentation, and the conversion process is thus necessarily limited. PDF 1.3, with its support for a true structural tree, will resolve these drawbacks once it has been implemented by both authoring tools and conversion software. For the present, I fully support the existing checkpoint: properly structured HTML documents must be provided alongside any proprietary document formats that are to be used. --Charles McCathieNevile mailto:charles@w3.org phone: +1 617 258 0992 http://www.w3.org/People/Charles W3C Web Accessibility Initiative http://www.w3.org/WAI MIT/LCS - 545 Technology sq., Cambridge MA, 02139, USA
Received on Monday, 14 June 1999 20:17:30 UTC