- From: Pat Hayes <phayes@ihmc.us>
- Date: Wed, 13 Jun 2007 11:56:37 -0500
- To: "John Black" <JohnBlack@kashori.com>
- Cc: "Ian Davis" <lists@iandavis.com>, "Sandro Hawke" <sandro@w3.org>, <semantic-web@w3.org>
>Please forgive me, Ian, I'm going to highjack this for myself. Excellent summary, thanks. Of course I entirely agree, wish I had said it this clearly myself. Pat > >Ian Davis wrote: >> >>On 12/06/2007 17:21, Pat Hayes wrote: >>> >>>You are begging the question. Suppose an ontology asserts >>> >>>ex:Venus rdf:type ex:AstronomicalBody . >>> >>>Now, what ties that object URI to the actual concept of being an >>>astronomical body? > >This ambiguity between concept and object is one of the most common >I see in semantic web discussions. But surely the two are different. >"The planet Venus circles the sun" - sounds plausible >"The concept Venus circles the sun" - huh? > >Also, at least for terrestrial objects, it is actually possible to >attach a URI to the referent it denotes. >see this image: >http://kashori.com/uploaded_images/IMG_20060625_0507-772112.JPG >And real world examples of this are bar codes on products, which >denote classes of things, and bar codes on special delivery packages >which denote individual shipments. The reason this works is that by >placing a symbol directly on an object, you enable a shared >experience or "perception" of that package among all those agents >that encounter it. > >>>And so on for all the other URIs in all the other OWL/RDF >>>ontologies. The best you can do is to appeal to the power of model >>>theory to sufficiently constrain the interpretations of the entire >>>global Web of formalized information. But that argument from >>>Herbrand's theorem (basically, if it has a model at all then it >>>has one made entirely of symbols) applies just as well no matter >>>how large the ontology is. >> >>Out of interest how do you attach the English word "Venus" to the >>physical body that you are referring to? > >This is the question. And the short answer is, you don't. That's the >point. That isn't how it works, in general. In natural language, a >reference from a symbol such as "Venus" to the planet Venus is based >on the shared experience of the speaker and hearer, or writer and >reader. In speech especially there is often a bit of a dance, or at >least a kind of a handshake, between the sender and receiver to >establish and maintain a reference. > >"I think Venus is wonderful!" >"Yeah, I just love her backhand." >"No. I meant the planet, not the tennis player" >"Ah, the evening star, I'll never forget the night my mother pointed >that out to me and told me it was actually a planet named Venus." > >When I write the word Venus, I do it expecting you, my readers, to >have had similar experiences to me. I expect you studied the planets >in first grade, have access to WikiPedia, can clearly see the sky, >that some trusted elder spoke the word "Venus" and pointed your >attention to a bright light in the sky, etc., etc. Also, if I know >that there may be confusion, because the word can be ambiguous, I >may add to the dance with a little jig, as in, "I think Venus, the >planet, is wonderful." If I have already established the context, >however, I may count on you to disambiguate it yourself. In a report >about the planets of our solar system, I expect you to infer >yourself that I mean Venus to refer to the planet, not the tennis >player. > >Restoring some of Pat's remarks, "The only way out of this is to >somewhere appeal to a use of the symbolic names - in this case, the >IRIs or URIrefs - outside the formalism itself, a use that somehow >'anchors' or 'grounds' them to the real world they are supposed to >refer to." > >What he is calling "...outside the formalism itself...", I am >referring to as shared experiences, following John Dewey, and which >Herbert Clark calls common ground, Kripke calls a name baptism, and >Searle refers to as the background. > >So the big, big question, IMHO, for the semantic web is this. What >can be done to mimic, in some minimal, but sufficient way, using >existing web technologies, in a way that machines can utilize if >possible, the grounding of URI in something outside the formalism of >RDF/OWL/etc.? > >John > >>Ian >>-- >>work - http://www.talis.com/platform >>play - http://iandavis.com/blog >>callto:ian_davis -- --------------------------------------------------------------------- IHMC (850)434 8903 or (650)494 3973 home 40 South Alcaniz St. (850)202 4416 office Pensacola (850)202 4440 fax FL 32502 (850)291 0667 cell phayesAT-SIGNihmc.us http://www.ihmc.us/users/phayes
Received on Wednesday, 13 June 2007 16:56:52 UTC