[w3c/browser-payment-api] Reducing the gap to Apple's API (#270)

Back in June, Apple announced the [introduction of Apple Pay on the Web](https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-payments-wg/2016Jun/0013.html) to the working group and provided a link to their [developer documentation](https://developer.apple.com/reference/applepayjs).

> We'll follow up with specific emails or GitHub issues on the main technical differences.

At the time, they committed to provide issues to the working group for us to discuss the differences but this has not happened yet.

We want to make it as simple as possible for merchants to use either the W3C Payment Request API or to use Apple's Safari-only API to complete the same scenarios. For this reason, @zkoch and I reviewed the current Apple API and compared the functional differences considering the feedback we had also heard from merchants.

This pull request includes three changes to incorporate functionality that is found in Apple's API and that we've heard multiple requests for to help close the gap.

  * Support for collecting payer's name without needing a shipping address.
  * Support for a pending flag on PaymentItem to indicate that an item doesn't have the final price.
  * Support for a shipping type that changes the language of the UX to differentiate between shipping, delivery, and pickup.

> I anticipate that we as a Working Group can and will make the Payment Request API into a solid, cross-browser framework for payments that meets the privacy and security requirements of Apple Pay.

These changes do not completely close the gap between the two APIs but we believe they will make it easier for developers to use common code to target both APIs. We do not have a proposal for how to incorporate Apple's merchant validation scheme into the Payment Request API. Hopefully @nickjshearer or @hober from Apple will send mail, open an issue, or bring a proposal to the F2F meeting at TPAC next week for how they wish to solve this and any other gaps.
You can view, comment on, or merge this pull request online at:

  https://github.com/w3c/browser-payment-api/pull/270

-- Commit Summary --

  * Support collection of payer name without shipping address.
  * Add pending field to PaymentItem
  * Add support for shipping type in the user interface

-- File Changes --

    M index.html (82)

-- Patch Links --

https://github.com/w3c/browser-payment-api/pull/270.patch
https://github.com/w3c/browser-payment-api/pull/270.diff

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