[whatwg/fetch] Define opaque-response blocking (updated) (PR #1755)

This PR is based on what @annevk has proposed in https://github.com/whatwg/fetch/pull/1442, with additional changes. It includes the `validate a partial response` and the `Content-Range header parser` algorithm, plus the additional changes that Firefox has made in its implementation. 

https://github.com/whatwg/fetch/pull/1442 had some discussions and references, and I wish I can keep them, but I don't have write access to annevk/orb, hence this PR. Please let me know if there's a better way to move this forward. 
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TODO:

- [x] Define "validate a partial response" (and Content-Range header parser)
- [x] "ParseText" vs "create a classic script" + mock data
- [ ] A PR against HTML is needed to ensure it passes the appropriate metadata for media element and classic script requests.
- [x] Double check this operates on the internal response (and if not pass it)
- [x] Also use response in encoding extraction, depends on https://github.com/whatwg/fetch/pull/1447
- [ ] https://github.com/annevk/orb/labels/mvp
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- [x] At least two implementers are interested (and none opposed):
   * Chrome 
   * Firefox
- [x] [Tests](https://github.com/web-platform-tests/wpt) are written and can be reviewed and commented upon at:
   * https://wpt.fyi/results/fetch/orb?label=master&label=experimental&aligned&q=orb
- [ ] [Implementation bugs](https://github.com/whatwg/meta/blob/main/MAINTAINERS.md#handling-pull-requests) are filed:
   * Chromium: …
   * Gecko: …
   * WebKit: …
   * Deno (not for CORS changes): …

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<a href="https://whatpr.org/fetch/1755.html" title="Last updated on May 27, 2024, 6:00 PM UTC (e5aeefc)">Preview</a> | <a href="https://whatpr.org/fetch/1755/8d0d207...e5aeefc.html" title="Last updated on May 27, 2024, 6:00 PM UTC (e5aeefc)">Diff</a>
You can view, comment on, or merge this pull request online at:

  https://github.com/whatwg/fetch/pull/1755

-- Commit Summary --

  * Define opaque-response blocking
  * Add the `validate a partial response` algorithm and the `extract content-range values` algorithm
  * Update the ORB spec to align with Firefox's implementation

-- File Changes --

    M fetch.bs (443)

-- Patch Links --

https://github.com/whatwg/fetch/pull/1755.patch
https://github.com/whatwg/fetch/pull/1755.diff

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