[w3ctag/design-reviews] Web Translation API (Issue #948)

こんにちは TAG-さん!

I'm requesting a TAG review of Web Translation API.

Browsers are increasingly offering language translation to their users. Such translation capabilities can also be useful to web developers. This is especially the case when browser's built-in translation abilities cannot help, such as:

* translating user input or other interactive features;
* pages with complicated DOMs which trip up browser translation;
* providing in-page UI to start the translation; or
* translating content that is not in the DOM, e.g. spoken content.

To perform translation in such cases, web sites currently have to either call out to cloud APIs, or bring their own translation models and run them using technologies like WebAssembly and WebGPU. This proposal introduces a new JavaScript API for exposing a browser's existing language translation abilities to web pages, so that if present, they can serve as a simpler and less resource-intensive alternative.

  - Explainer (minimally containing user needs and example code): https://github.com/explainers-by-googlers/translation-api
  - User research: none
  - Security and Privacy self-review: https://github.com/explainers-by-googlers/translation-api/blob/main/security-privacy-questionnaire.md
  - GitHub repo (if you prefer feedback filed there): https://github.com/explainers-by-googlers/translation-api
  - Primary contacts (and their relationship to the specification):
      - Domenic Denicola (@domenic), Google, spec-writer
  - Organization/project driving the design: Google Chrome
  - External status/issue trackers for this feature (publicly visible, e.g. Chrome Status): to be created

Further details:

  - [x] I have reviewed the TAG's [Web Platform Design Principles](https://www.w3.org/TR/design-principles/)
  - The group where the incubation/design work on this is being done (or is intended to be done in the future): WICG
  - The group where standardization of this work is intended to be done ("unknown" if not known): unknown. The [Web Machine Learning](https://www.w3.org/2023/04/web-machine-learning-charter.html) W3C Working Group seems to explicitly rule out these sorts of high-level APIs in its charter. Maybe that can be amended though.
  - Existing major pieces of multi-stakeholder review or discussion of this design: none yet
  - Major unresolved issues with or opposition to this design:
    - It's unclear whether including translation from an unknown source language is worth including, or whether we should require web developers to do a two-step detect-language + translate language process. [explainer discussion](https://github.com/explainers-by-googlers/translation-api#separating-language-detection-and-translation), https://github.com/explainers-by-googlers/translation-api/issues/1 issue
    - The exact way in which language tags should be handled, especially to give good interoperability, is still unclear. [Explainer discussion](https://github.com/explainers-by-googlers/translation-api#language-tag-handling), https://github.com/explainers-by-googlers/translation-api/issues/2
    - Naive implementations that give the site direct access to info about which language packs are downloaded can provide information that fingerprints the user. Various mitigations are possible but it's unclear which strike the best balance or are most feasible. [Explainer discussion](https://github.com/explainers-by-googlers/translation-api#privacy-considerations), https://github.com/explainers-by-googlers/translation-api/issues/3
  - This work is being funded by: Google

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