Re: Units of Measure (BP, Coverages, SSN,Time?)

+1 from me as well.

Andrea


On 08/07/2016 12:49, Clemens Portele wrote:
> I agree, too.
>
> It also reflects the experience we have made in GML. In earlier versions
> of GML we required that every unit is the URI of a unit definition.
> However, what happened in practice was that many were using symbols like
> "m" instead of a URI anyway as they are shorter and often better
> understood (compared to http://www.opengis.net/def/uom/EPSG/0/9001
> <http://www.opengis.net/def/uom/EPSG/0/9001>). Therefore we changed this
> in GML 3.2 to allow symbols, too.
>
> Often UCUM is used for the symbols as it seemed to be the best formalism
> reflecting the use of symbols in an XML attribute, but this is not a
> requirement as it was unclear whether this is suitable for all cases
> (for most cases it is) and because the UCUM long-term governance was
> unclear and we did not feel comfortable to make this a normative reference.
>
> We added the following note: "It is recommended that the symbol be an
> identifier for a unit of measure as specified in the 'Unified Code of
> Units of Measure' (UCUM) (http://aurora.regenstrief.org/UCUM). This
> provides a set of symbols and a grammar for constructing identifiers for
> units of measure that are unique, and may be easily entered with a
> keyboard supporting the limited character set known as 7-bit ASCII. ISO
> 2955 formerly provided a specification with this scope, but was
> withdrawn in 2001. UCUM largely follows ISO 2955 with modifications to
> remove ambiguities and other problems."
>
> Best regards,
> Clemens
>
> PS: The URL http://aurora.regenstrief.org/UCUM no longer works (talking
> about governance).
>
> On 8. Juli 2016 at 10:53:26, Linda van den Brink
> (l.vandenbrink@geonovum.nl <mailto:l.vandenbrink@geonovum.nl>) wrote:
>
>> +1 to Jon’s understanding of “best practice”
>>
>>
>>
>> Does someone have an example of UCUM? I haven’t come across it before.
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>> *Van:*Jon Blower [mailto:j.d.blower@reading.ac.uk]
>> *Verzonden:* vrijdag 8 juli 2016 10:50
>> *Aan:* Rob Atkinson; Linda van den Brink; Simon.Cox@csiro.au;
>> m.riechert@reading.ac.uk; public-sdw-wg@w3.org
>> *Onderwerp:* Re: Units of Measure (BP, Coverages, SSN,Time?)
>>
>>
>>
>> Ø  I think however that this is another example where no practice
>> could be recommended that does not include model/profile negotiation
>>
>>
>>
>> Does a BP really need to be as complicated as this? My understanding
>> of “best practice” is “the best we can realistically do at the
>> moment”, not imagining an idealised scenario that still needs a lot of
>> thinking and discussion.
>>
>>
>>
>> As an application developer, all I really need is a unit string, plus
>> some information about how to interpret that string (e.g. an
>> indication that the string is derived from the UCUM or UDUNITS
>> grammar). A URI for the unit can also work in simple cases, but in the
>> case of a complex unit I’d much rather have the UCUM string. Maybe the
>> QUDT ontology is useful, but personally I’m struggling to think of a
>> practical use case where I’d want to use this ontology for any kind of
>> reasoning.
>>
>>
>>
>> If we really want to propose some new approach, I’d like to see the BP
>> explicitly separate “current best practice” from “what could be
>> possible in future”, otherwise the BP document isn’t as helpful as it
>> could be for practitioners.
>>
>>
>>
>> Cheers,
>> Jon
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>> *From: *Rob Atkinson <rob@metalinkage.com.au
>> <mailto:rob@metalinkage.com.au>>
>> *Date: *Thursday, 7 July 2016 22:56
>> *To: *Linda van den Brink <l.vandenbrink@geonovum.nl
>> <mailto:l.vandenbrink@geonovum.nl>>, Rob Atkinson
>> <rob@metalinkage.com.au <mailto:rob@metalinkage.com.au>>, Jon Blower
>> <sgs02jdb@reading.ac.uk <mailto:sgs02jdb@reading.ac.uk>>,
>> "Simon.Cox@csiro.au <mailto:Simon.Cox@csiro.au>" <Simon.Cox@csiro.au
>> <mailto:Simon.Cox@csiro.au>>, Maik Riechert <m.riechert@reading.ac.uk
>> <mailto:m.riechert@reading.ac.uk>>, "public-sdw-wg@w3.org
>> <mailto:public-sdw-wg@w3.org>" <public-sdw-wg@w3.org
>> <mailto:public-sdw-wg@w3.org>>
>> *Subject: *Re: Units of Measure (BP, Coverages, SSN,Time?)
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>> I'll put the conversation into this format. I'll put some placeholders
>> for volunteers to put in worked examples of what they think are BP
>> implementations and important and illustrative exemplar cases.
>>
>>
>>
>> I think however that this is another example where no practice could
>> be recommended that does not include model/profile negotiation
>> (distinct from content-negotation which has been given a very narrow
>> scope).  The reason is that there is no perfect, well governed and
>> agreed model or list of possible units (two separate requirements) and
>> that both need to co-exist - so any practice has to build in the
>> mechanism to either migrate to  an emerging standard or to allow
>> support for multiple competing solutions.
>>
>>
>>
>> Or put it another way - all the incredibly hard problems around
>> different UoM systems and finding a BP recomendation are simplified by
>> a BP that allows for content models. If we are going to have a general
>> statement about this in the wider BP, the UoM case can reference it.
>> We dont need to overspecify the mechanism here - but warning people
>> that such a capability is a longer term requirement can usefully guide
>> implementation.
>>
>>
>>
>> Rob
>>
>>
>>
>> On Fri, 8 Jul 2016 at 00:14 Linda van den Brink
>> <l.vandenbrink@geonovum.nl <mailto:l.vandenbrink@geonovum.nl>> wrote:
>>
>>     Hi – just trying to get through the SDW email.
>>
>>
>>
>>     When I apply the template we use in the BP it would be like this:
>>
>>
>>
>>     Name of the BP: **Use a URI identifier for UoM** (or a bit better
>>     worded)
>>
>>     **why** … a problem description I could probably get somewhere
>>     from this thread
>>
>>     **Intended Outcome** data user can look up the URI and get
>>     information about  the UoM
>>
>>     **possible approach to implementation** recommended
>>     representations include QUDT, SKOS, UCUM, OWL-class?, any standard
>>     relevant to the community of practice.
>>
>>
>>
>>     I would very much appreciate it if starters of threads would make
>>     summaries like the above…
>>
>>
>>
>>     Content negotiation is a neat subject but not specific to
>>     spatial.. I don’t think we should tackle this problem in the BP,
>>     or am I missing something?.
>>
>>
>>
>>     *Van:*Rob Atkinson [mailto:rob@metalinkage.com.au
>>     <mailto:rob@metalinkage.com.au>]
>>     *Verzonden:* dinsdag 5 juli 2016 00:33
>>     *Aan:* Jon Blower; Simon.Cox@csiro.au <mailto:Simon.Cox@csiro.au>;
>>     rob@metalinkage.com.au <mailto:rob@metalinkage.com.au>;
>>     m.riechert@reading.ac.uk <mailto:m.riechert@reading.ac.uk>;
>>     public-sdw-wg@w3.org <mailto:public-sdw-wg@w3.org>
>>     *Onderwerp:* Re: Units of Measure (BP, Coverages, SSN,Time?)
>>
>>
>>
>>     Thanks for the insights Simon.
>>
>>
>>
>>     It will take some care to turn this into a best practice recipe
>>     that doesnt get broken immediately IMHO.
>>
>>     We can get out of jail from an engineering perspective by saying
>>     you should use a URI identifier for UoM that allows
>>     content-negotiation to access one or more representations.
>>
>>     Recommended representations include:
>>
>>     1) QUDT structural description
>>
>>     2) SKOS as a canonical means to describe labels and provide links
>>     to alternative codes
>>
>>     3) UCUM specification if relevant for the UoM
>>
>>     4) OWL-class ?
>>
>>     4) Any representations defined by standards organisations relevant
>>     to the community of practice
>>
>>
>>
>>     (Content negotiation can be driven by MIME-type in headers or by
>>     explicit view parameters - need a separate BP around this that
>>     encompasses the UK and other LDA examples - its a pattern that
>>     generally allows us to take on a de-facto option and migrate to a
>>     de jure standard when it evolves - which we see as the most common
>>     pattern just about everywhere.  We also either need to specify a
>>     set of views and their corresponding OWL models , or a way to bind
>>     any view to its relevant OWL model in a general way )
>>
>>
>>
>>     We can further recommend the UCUM URI structure.
>>
>>
>>
>>     If necessary we can deploy such representations - I dont mind
>>     taking on the deploying using the URI redirection machinery I have
>>     deployed at  resources.opengeospatial.org
>>     <http://resources.opengeospatial.org>. Would prefer someone to
>>     provide some endorsed representations - HTML, JSON-LD, RDF  - for
>>     QUDT, SKOS and OWL-class.
>>
>>
>>
>>     Minimum would be for some examples (simple, derived-with UCUM
>>     equiv, derived-without UCUM equiv). A complete set would be just
>>     as easy to deploy.
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>     On Mon, 4 Jul 2016 at 19:23 Jon Blower <j.d.blower@reading.ac.uk
>>     <mailto:j.d.blower@reading.ac.uk>> wrote:
>>
>>         Ø  Ideally we would have a reliable set of URIs for UOMs which
>>         could leverage the UCUM algorithm to build the URI, and which
>>         would resolve to a QUDT-based representation of the unit of
>>         measure.
>>
>>
>>
>>         +1
>>
>>
>>
>>         Is it possible to use the UCUM symbol for the UoM the URI
>>         suffix? Or are there problems like character-encoding issues?
>>
>>
>>
>>         Cheers,
>>         Jon
>>
>>
>>
>>         *From: *"Simon.Cox@csiro.au <mailto:Simon.Cox@csiro.au>"
>>         <Simon.Cox@csiro.au <mailto:Simon.Cox@csiro.au>>
>>         *Date: *Monday, 4 July 2016 01:13
>>         *To: *"rob@metalinkage.com.au <mailto:rob@metalinkage.com.au>"
>>         <rob@metalinkage.com.au <mailto:rob@metalinkage.com.au>>, Jon
>>         Blower <sgs02jdb@reading.ac.uk
>>         <mailto:sgs02jdb@reading.ac.uk>>, Maik Riechert
>>         <m.riechert@reading.ac.uk <mailto:m.riechert@reading.ac.uk>>,
>>         "public-sdw-wg@w3.org <mailto:public-sdw-wg@w3.org>"
>>         <public-sdw-wg@w3.org <mailto:public-sdw-wg@w3.org>>
>>         *Subject: *RE: Units of Measure (BP, Coverages, SSN,Time?)
>>
>>
>>
>>         Lets be clear about what QUDT and UCUM actually offer.
>>
>>
>>
>>         QUDT -
>>
>>         ·         primarily provides a model for descriptions of units
>>         of measure, and of quantity-kinds (a.k.a. qualities, or
>>         “observable properties”); the model is formalized using OWL,
>>         and thus provides an RDF-based syntax for description of a uom
>>         or a quantity-kind
>>
>>         ·         also provides some lists (called ‘vocabularies’) of
>>         individual unit- and quantity-kind- descriptions, but which is
>>         very idiosyncratic and incomplete (includes a whole bunch of
>>         currencies!)
>>
>>         ·         there are no rules for how the labels or symbols for
>>         units are built in the QUDT vocabularies; they are not aligned
>>         with the ISO or SI standards (e.g. the label for the unit of
>>         length is spelled ‘Meter’, and the symbol for the unit of
>>         temperature is ‘degC’), capitalization is inconsistent, and
>>         use of non-asci character set is variable
>>
>>         ·         the maintenance arrangements for QUDT are private
>>         (TopQuadrant +  NASA) and the publication arrangements are
>>         flaky (QUDT v2.0 has been ‘on the way’ for about 3 years, and
>>         even though it is linked the qudt.org <http://qudt.org>
>>         website, it has been 404 for over a year).
>>
>>
>>
>>         UCUM –
>>
>>         ·         Focuses on a rule for how to generate a symbol for a
>>         ‘derived uom’
>>
>>         ·         uses a rigorous algorithm based on a theory of
>>         quantities and dimensional analysis, which starts from any
>>         base set of units in a rational system (SI, MKS, cgs, even
>>         pounds-feet-seconds if you want!)
>>
>>         ·         UCUM provides a base set of symbols corresponding
>>         essentially with SI, plus symbols for the standard power of
>>         ten prefixes (micro/milli/kilo/mega etc). The base set has
>>         some fudging to get around the anomaly that the SI base unit
>>         for mass (kg) already has a power-of-ten prefix built in.
>>
>>         ·         The algorithm and base set of symbols is such that
>>         symbols generated following UCUM are aligned with conventional
>>         usage, and with ISO 1000
>>
>>         ·          There is some additional notation using {} and []
>>         to allow for annotations and ‘conventional’ units, which I
>>         always get confused about.
>>
>>
>>
>>         My assessment is that the QUDT Ontology v1.1 is good enough,
>>         (I was on an Ontolog telecon with Pat Hayes, Ralph Hodgson,
>>         Gary Berg-Cross a couple of years ago where that was the clear
>>         consensus) but the QUDT vocabularies are not. So we need
>>         another set of URIs denoting uoms, with the expectation that
>>         dereferencing one of these would result in a QUDT-based
>>         representation.
>>
>>         Ideally we would have a reliable set of URIs for UOMs which
>>         could leverage the UCUM algorithm to build the URI, and which
>>         would resolve to a QUDT-based representation of the unit of
>>         measure. These representations should be built on-the-fly
>>         using the UCUM engine.
>>
>>
>>
>>         Note that, using QUDT, a uom description is an OWL
>>         _/individual/_ (not a class), but with complete semantics,
>>         still supporting some reasoning. Rob – going with individuals
>>         doesn’t mean you have to us SKOS and certainly doesn’t lose
>>         semantic precision -  probably best not to casually suggest that!
>>
>>
>>
>>         Simon
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>         *From:*Rob Atkinson [mailto:rob@metalinkage.com.au
>>         <mailto:rob@metalinkage.com.au>]
>>         *Sent:* Saturday, 2 July 2016 1:32 PM
>>         *To:* Jon Blower <j.d.blower@reading.ac.uk
>>         <mailto:j.d.blower@reading.ac.uk>>; Rob Atkinson
>>         <rob@metalinkage.com.au <mailto:rob@metalinkage.com.au>>; Cox,
>>         Simon (L&W, Clayton) <Simon.Cox@csiro.au
>>         <mailto:Simon.Cox@csiro.au>>; m.riechert@reading.ac.uk
>>         <mailto:m.riechert@reading.ac.uk>; public-sdw-wg@w3.org
>>         <mailto:public-sdw-wg@w3.org>
>>         *Subject:* Re: Units of Measure (BP, Coverages, SSN,Time?)
>>
>>
>>
>>         Hi Jon
>>
>>
>>
>>         The encoding scheme issue raises a duality between class and
>>         instance - any UoM could be expressed as as either an instance
>>         (with SKOS encoding as a natural default) or a Class - RDFS or
>>         OWL being the default options. In addition a meta-model of UoM
>>         could be defined in RDFS or OWL and used to drive encodings of
>>         instances.
>>
>>
>>
>>         Personally, I think that in the Web we should specify that a
>>         URI is used if one is available - and that an encoding of its
>>         details may be used as annotation. In the case of an
>>         "anonymous" UoM, then the encoding will still probably need to
>>         reference base units using URIs.
>>
>>
>>
>>         The wrinkles are whether URIs are explicit, or encoded as
>>         items in a namespace - and whether any encoding scheme (model)
>>         may be used or one is recommended, and if the model itself
>>         needs to be explicitly referenced (presumably this applies to
>>         JSON-LD, RDFA etc as RDF will always use URIs to specify the
>>         model elements anyways.
>>
>>
>>
>>         A worked example set with:
>>
>>         1) just URI from a well-known vocabulary (UCUM)
>>
>>         2) A encoded UoM with one URI, and a simple label
>>
>>         3) ditto, with a more complex set of details
>>
>>         4) ditto with more that one URI (e.g. UCUM and QUDT)
>>
>>         5) a blank/anonymous encoded UoM with base measures.
>>
>>
>>
>>         Would we go so far as to recommend QUDT as the meta-model (as
>>         per example provided?) - or simply list a few in use and
>>         provide a couple of examples?
>>
>>
>>
>>         This will cover the "follow-your-nose" cases - however there
>>         is the case of a data encoding where the UoM is specified in
>>         metadata. The question here then is defining a BP for this
>>         metadata.
>>
>>         One option - we can use RDF-QB to define data structures and
>>         relevant UoM. I'm not sure there is an obvious alternative to
>>         ad-hoc metadata models and UoM specified any non-interoperable
>>         way that emerges.
>>
>>
>>
>>         This option then speaks directly to the coverages metadata
>>         perspective (encoding of data using RD-QB becomes a trivial
>>         case - we simply state that if RDF encoding, then BP would be
>>         to use RDF-QB encoding consistent with the RDF-QB metadata for
>>         the set, and the interesting and more generally useful case is
>>         describing an existing or compact encoding usefully)
>>
>>
>>
>>         Rob
>>
>>
>>
>>         On Sat, 2 Jul 2016 at 02:20 Jon Blower
>>         <j.d.blower@reading.ac.uk <mailto:j.d.blower@reading.ac.uk>>
>>         wrote:
>>
>>             Hi Rob – yes, I think those are the missing bits, but,
>>             just to reiterate, it may not be (just) a “vocabulary”
>>             that we need (in the sense of a set of URIs), but a
>>             serialisation scheme for any unit.
>>
>>
>>
>>             For concrete examples, we should look at where we need to
>>             use units. I think we have:
>>
>>
>>
>>             1.       As part of coordinate systems and coordinate
>>             reference systems
>>
>>             2.       As part of measured quantities (e.g. the range of
>>             a coverage), linked to observed properties etc
>>
>>             3.       …
>>
>>
>>
>>             My last paragraph wasn’t very clear, sorry. I was trying
>>             to say that the different uses (coordinate systems,
>>             observed properties) might actually have different best
>>             practices in terms of the encoding of their units. We
>>             could feasibly decide that coordinate system units are
>>             best expressed as URIs, but the units of observed
>>             properties are better expressed as strings in a named
>>             serialisation scheme (like UCUM). Maybe, I don’t know –
>>             just raising the possibility.
>>
>>
>>
>>             Cheers,
>>             Jon
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>             *From: *Rob Atkinson <rob@metalinkage.com.au
>>             <mailto:rob@metalinkage.com.au>>
>>             *Date: *Friday, 1 July 2016 14:39
>>             *To: *Jon Blower <sgs02jdb@reading.ac.uk
>>             <mailto:sgs02jdb@reading.ac.uk>>, Rob Atkinson
>>             <rob@metalinkage.com.au <mailto:rob@metalinkage.com.au>>,
>>             "Simon.Cox@csiro.au <mailto:Simon.Cox@csiro.au>"
>>             <Simon.Cox@csiro.au <mailto:Simon.Cox@csiro.au>>, Maik
>>             Riechert <m.riechert@reading.ac.uk
>>             <mailto:m.riechert@reading.ac.uk>>, "public-sdw-wg@w3.org
>>             <mailto:public-sdw-wg@w3.org>" <public-sdw-wg@w3.org
>>             <mailto:public-sdw-wg@w3.org>>
>>
>>
>>             *Subject: *Re: Units of Measure (BP, Coverages, SSN,Time?)
>>
>>
>>
>>             This is the type of recommendation i think we need. Lets
>>             refine... the missing bits are:
>>             1 guidance on what vocabulary.. even noting that different
>>             communities use different ones and naming them is a help.
>>             2 provision of mappings if you want to interoperate across
>>             community choice here.. do you embed multiple uris, or
>>             provide sone sort of sameAs service?
>>             3 concrete examples
>>
>>             I dont quite follow the final paragraph and the
>>             implications for what the encoding would look like?
>>
>>             Rob
>>
>>
>>
>>             On Fri, 1 Jul 2016 11:12 am Jon Blower
>>             <j.d.blower@reading.ac.uk
>>             <mailto:j.d.blower@reading.ac.uk>> wrote:
>>
>>                 Just to add a little to this – units of measure are
>>                 very tricky in general. The overall requirement, I
>>                 think, is to have an unambiguous serialisation scheme
>>                 for units, including both base units (the easy cases)
>>                 and the infinite number of derived units (the hard
>>                 cases) – that is to say, a spec for serialising units
>>                 to ASCII strings. This allows clients to convert
>>                 between units, which is a primary use case for having
>>                 “strongly typed” units.
>>
>>
>>
>>                 In terms of serialisations, I’m aware of UCUM and
>>                 UDUNITS (the latter is used extensively in
>>                 climate/met/ocean and is connected with CF). I don’t
>>                 think either are perfect in terms of governance, and
>>                 I’m not even sure that UDUNITS has a formal spec.
>>
>>
>>
>>                 Then there are URIs. QUDT has URIs for a lot of base
>>                 and derived units, but it can’t possibly have them
>>                 all, hence the need for a scheme that allows any unit
>>                 to be serialised. So there will always be gaps, but I
>>                 note that QUDT covers a lot of the common cases I can
>>                 think of – so it’s not clear to me how important the
>>                 gaps are.
>>
>>
>>
>>                 Typical clients will just want to display the symbol
>>                 for the unit, so we should make sure that, if we use
>>                 URIs, we also transmit the symbol, as I doubt that a
>>                 typical web client will want to resolve the URI and
>>                 look up the symbol. This is effectively what Maik is
>>                 doing, by transmitting the symbol plus a URI for the
>>                 unit **scheme** rather than a URI for the unit itself.
>>
>>
>>
>>                 (Question – does QUDT use UCUM as a means of
>>                 generating the unit symbol?)
>>
>>
>>
>>                 There are a few tricky cases in science – e.g.
>>                 salinity, which strictly has no units and is a very
>>                 weird kind of quantity – and sometimes these tricky
>>                 cases lead to poor practice in real data files – i.e.
>>                 expressing units incorrectly or inconsistently. (and
>>                 of course, poor practice can happen in real-world data
>>                 files anywhere).
>>
>>
>>
>>                 I think an overall BP recommendation would be:
>>
>>
>>
>>                 1.       Express units unambiguously if possible,
>>                 using a named unit serialisation scheme or URI.
>>
>>                 2.       Give the unit symbol, and perhaps a longer
>>                 explanatory text string (e.g. a rdfs:label), to help
>>                 simple clients understand the unit, even if they don’t
>>                 want to resolve the full unit description.
>>
>>                 3.       Also allow users to record “ad hoc” unit
>>                 strings for fallback cases that don’t fit well with
>>                 existing serialisation or URI schemes, making it clear
>>                 that these are not really machine-understandable
>>
>>
>>
>>                 There may be cases where we can refine this further
>>                 depending on the use case. For example, in CRS
>>                 definitions, which tend to use simple units, it’s
>>                 probably desirable to use well-known URIs to represent
>>                 units. For recording the units of a measured quantity
>>                 (e.g. the range of the coverage), I like methods like
>>                 the one Maik suggested, as this maps more neatly to
>>                 common practice in my community.
>>
>>
>>
>>                 Cheers,
>>
>>                 Jon
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>                 *From: *Rob Atkinson <rob@metalinkage.com.au
>>                 <mailto:rob@metalinkage.com.au>>
>>                 *Date: *Friday, 1 July 2016 08:46
>>                 *To: *"Simon.Cox@csiro.au <mailto:Simon.Cox@csiro.au>"
>>                 <Simon.Cox@csiro.au <mailto:Simon.Cox@csiro.au>>,
>>                 "rob@metalinkage.com.au
>>                 <mailto:rob@metalinkage.com.au>"
>>                 <rob@metalinkage.com.au
>>                 <mailto:rob@metalinkage.com.au>>, Maik Riechert
>>                 <m.riechert@reading.ac.uk
>>                 <mailto:m.riechert@reading.ac.uk>>,
>>                 "public-sdw-wg@w3.org <mailto:public-sdw-wg@w3.org>"
>>                 <public-sdw-wg@w3.org <mailto:public-sdw-wg@w3.org>>
>>
>>
>>                 *Subject: *Re: Units of Measure (BP, Coverages, SSN,Time?)
>>
>>                 *Resent-From: *<public-sdw-wg@w3.org
>>                 <mailto:public-sdw-wg@w3.org>>
>>                 *Resent-Date: *Friday, 1 July 2016 08:47
>>
>>
>>
>>                 Perfect Simon - thanks.
>>
>>                 Its not that obvious trawling the docs what the
>>                 pragmatic aspects are.
>>
>>
>>
>>                 So I would suggest then that a BP endorsed by OGC
>>                 would have a minimum requirement that a mapping to
>>                 UCUM is provided for any vocabulary used for UoM, to
>>                 provide for compatibility with existing
>>                 recommendations (can we call these BP?)
>>
>>
>>
>>                 If it helps I could set up a OGC resource for UCUM -
>>                 with redirects for specific terms - instead of to the
>>                 containing spec (thats the way UCUM works) - or to a
>>                 SKOS resource with skos:exactMatch relationships to
>>                 the UCUM terms.  I can also deploy a crosswalk to UCUM
>>                 from another UoM vocab if we decide to recommend it.
>>
>>
>>
>>                 The onoging governance of such a resource in the
>>                 context of the BP can be taken up as a action from the
>>                 SDW to the OGC (what is the appropriate point of
>>                 contact here? NA, OAB, TC, PC?)
>>
>>
>>
>>                 Rob
>>
>>
>>
>>                 On Fri, 1 Jul 2016 at 16:10 <Simon.Cox@csiro.au
>>                 <mailto:Simon.Cox@csiro.au>> wrote:
>>
>>                     Ø  If OGC has adopted UCUM as a BP (can someone
>>                     make a definitive statement on this …
>>
>>
>>
>>                     OGC’s endorsement of UCUM comes from
>>
>>                     1.      It is recommended in WMS [1]
>>
>>                     2.      Ditto GML [2]
>>
>>                     3.      There is a branch of the
>>                     www.opengis.net/def/
>>                     <http://www.opengis.net/def/>URI set for UCUM -
>>                     http://www.opengis.net/def/uom/UCUM/but just
>>                     redirects to the UCUM spec [3]
>>
>>
>>
>>                     But that is purely pragmatic, as it seemed to be
>>                     the best thing around at the time.
>>
>>                     It has a fragile governance arrangement, and URIs
>>                     are not de-referenceable.
>>
>>
>>
>>                     [1]
>>                     http://www.opengeospatial.org/standards/wmsversion
>>                     1.3 clause C.2.
>>
>>                     [2] http://www.opengeospatial.org/standards/gml
>>                     v3.2.1 clause 8.2.3.6
>>                     <http://www.opengeospatial.org/standards/gml%20v3.2.1%20clause%208.2.3.6>
>>
>>                     [3] http://unitsofmeasure.org/ucum.html
>>
>>
>>
>>                     *From:*Rob Atkinson [mailto:rob@metalinkage.com.au
>>                     <mailto:rob@metalinkage.com.au>]
>>                     *Sent:* Friday, 1 July 2016 1:46 AM
>>                     *To:* Maik Riechert <m.riechert@reading.ac.uk
>>                     <mailto:m.riechert@reading.ac.uk>>; Rob Atkinson
>>                     <rob@metalinkage.com.au
>>                     <mailto:rob@metalinkage.com.au>>; SDW WG Public
>>                     List <public-sdw-wg@w3.org
>>                     <mailto:public-sdw-wg@w3.org>>
>>                     *Subject:* Re: Units of Measure (BP, Coverages,
>>                     SSN,Time?)
>>
>>
>>
>>                     Thanks Maik,
>>
>>
>>
>>                     If i read this right, this example assumes the
>>                     client understands qudt - then uses the semantics
>>                     of qudt:symbol to map instances (Cel)  in another
>>                     namespace to this.  UCUM
>>                     uses http://purl.oclc.org/NET/muo/ucum/unit/temperature/degree-Celsius as
>>                     the id - but the information to map to that is not
>>                     present. Is "Cel" just a dummy example - would you
>>                     actually want to say "degree-Celsius" - and in
>>                     turn want the OGC redirect to respect that and
>>                     redirect
>>
>>                     http://www.opengis.net/def/uom/UCUM/degree-Celsius to
>>                       http://purl.oclc.org/NET/muo/ucum/unit/temperature/degree-Celsius?
>>
>>
>>
>>                     What about the original assumption of using QUDT -
>>                     why not use UCUM or another in the first instance.
>>                     Coming from the outside and trying to identify a
>>                     best practice, what exactly is this example saying?
>>
>>
>>
>>                     If OGC has adopted UCUM as a BP (can someone make
>>                     a definitive statement on this - it should be
>>                     present in the BP when we talk about vocabulary
>>                     re-use - a list of vocabularies in use in the OGC
>>                     space) then we should start with that perhaps? If
>>                     we are saying the BP requirement is to allow an
>>                     emerging body of QUDT usage to interoperate then
>>                     we need perhaps to recommend publishing the
>>                     mappings as a resource - whatever we think is BP
>>                     we need to communicate clearly to the average user
>>                     who wont have years of exposure to the history and
>>                     details to draw on - and will most likely simply
>>                     want to maximise interoperability of a few cases.
>>
>>
>>
>>                     Cheers
>>
>>                     Rob
>>
>>
>>
>>                     On Fri, 1 Jul 2016 at 01:00 Maik Riechert
>>                     <m.riechert@reading.ac.uk
>>                     <mailto:m.riechert@reading.ac.uk>> wrote:
>>
>>                         Hi Rob,
>>
>>                         I just wanted to throw in a slightly
>>                         different/complementary view on this.
>>
>>                         While it is useful to have URIs for any kind
>>                         of unit, I think it is even more useful to
>>                         have a symbolic coding in a certain coding
>>                         scheme for those units, because then clients
>>                         with support for that scheme can easily parse
>>                         the unit, and transform it and the associated
>>                         numbers. One scheme example is UCUM
>>                         (http://unitsofmeasure.org/ucum.html). OGC
>>                         gave it a URI as well:
>>                         http://www.opengis.net/def/uom/UCUM/
>>
>>                         In my opinion you would have something like
>>                         that (JSON-LD):
>>
>>                         {
>>                           "@context": {
>>                             "rdf":
>>                         "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
>>                         <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns>,
>>                             "qudt": "http://qudt.org/schema/qudt#"
>>                         <http://qudt.org/schema/qudt>,
>>                             "skos":
>>                         "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#"
>>                         <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core>
>>                           },
>>                           "rdf:value": 27.5, // for example purposes only
>>                           "qudt:unit": {
>>                             "@id": "qudt:DegreeCelsius",
>>                             "skos:prefLabel": { "en": "Degree Celsius" },
>>                             "qudt:symbol": {
>>                               "@type":
>>                         "http://www.opengis.net/def/uom/UCUM/"
>>                         <http://www.opengis.net/def/uom/UCUM/>,
>>                               "@value": "Cel"
>>                             }
>>                           }
>>                         }
>>
>>                         So the main point is that the value of
>>                         "qudt:symbol" has a custom data type, in this
>>                         case http://www.opengis.net/def/uom/UCUM/.
>>
>>                         Cheers
>>
>>
>>                         Maik
>>
>>
>>
>>                         Am 30.06.2016 um 15:14 schrieb Rob Atkinson:
>>
>>                             Hi,
>>
>>
>>
>>                             I'm looking into the BP aspects around
>>                             defining data dimensions as a framework
>>                             for evaluating and contributing to various
>>                             SDW threads. One which seems to cut
>>                             across, but I havent seen an explicit
>>                             treatment of the UoM problem. I know I may
>>                             have missed previous conversatiosn - but I
>>                             dont see any treatment in the current
>>                             reviewable docs.
>>
>>
>>
>>                             Specifically, if I was to follow the
>>                             W3C Data on the Web Best Practices I would
>>                             be led via BP #2
>>
>>
>>
>>                             "To express frequency of update an
>>                             instance from the Content-Oriented
>>                             Guidelines developed as part of the W3C
>>                             Data Cube Vocabulary efforts was used."
>>
>>
>>
>>                             to this statement:
>>
>>                             "To express the value of this attribute we
>>                             would typically use a common thesaurus of
>>                             units of measure. For the sake of this
>>                             simple example we will use the DBpedia
>>                             resource
>>                             http://dbpedia.org/resource/Yearwhich
>>                             corresponds to the topic of the Wikipedia
>>                             page on "Years".
>>
>>
>>
>>                             If we have a Time ontology - surely we
>>                             would be pointing to that as a
>>                             recommendation for temporal units of measure.
>>
>>                             Likewise, i would have thought that OGC
>>                             would have an interest in binding CRS with
>>                             their in built units of measure to spatial
>>                             dimensions.
>>
>>                             One could argue that without
>>                             interoperability at this level there is a
>>                             question why the OGC would have any
>>                             involvement in Web standards - but if
>>                             there is a counter-argument then I feel
>>                             this needs to be front-and-centre of the
>>                             BP to explain to a potential user what
>>                             they can expect, and where they are going
>>                             to be left with making all the significant
>>                             decisions.
>>
>>
>>
>>                             If we have Time and CRS UoM, then we may
>>                             be able to get away with not specifiying a
>>                             vocabulary for other UoM for measurements.
>>                             Are there any obvious dimensions that need
>>                             UoM vocabularies?
>>
>>
>>
>>                             When I specify O&M profiles, (my driving
>>                             use case), I'll need to specify the UoM
>>                             for measurements - is there any
>>                             recommendation regarding which vocabulary
>>                             to choose?   And for CRS based dimensions?
>>
>>
>>
>>                             Rob Atkinson
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>

-- 
Andrea Perego, Ph.D.
Scientific / Technical Project Officer
European Commission DG JRC
Directorate B - Growth and Innovation
Unit B6 - Digital Economy
Via E. Fermi, 2749 - TP 262
21027 Ispra VA, Italy

https://ec.europa.eu/jrc/

Received on Friday, 8 July 2016 12:00:43 UTC