Re: Using cardinality restrictions

On Jul 13, 2011, at 9:18 AM, <Soeren.Kemmann@iese.fraunhofer.de> wrote:

> OK,
>  
> I’ve now said (as closure) that only values of class RefClass are allowed as hasRef-successors and I’ve made RefClass an enumeration class. RefClass has exactly the values defined as in the instance enumeration set.
> So.
> I would now assume the due to the fact that only RefClasses are allowed as hasRef-successors and I havn’t defined an instance of the enumeration that even in an open world the instance (with the described hasRef property) cannot have any other (unknown) instance.
> Or is this assumption wrong?

It is wrong, yes. Just because you havn't defined it does not imply it does not exist. 

If I may, I think you are thinking about classes and instances in the wrong way. Class descriptions in OWL do not *constrain* instance data, in the sense of preventing inconsistent data being created.

> If I do not explicitly state a hasRef-successor it is not said that the instance does not have one, correct?
> Then I don’t understand how closure can help me in a situation where I want to know whether a property has cardinality 0!

Your problem is that you want a *lack* of information to mean something, but it never does in OWL. OWL is designed for use on the open Web, where one is always assuming that there might be more information available that one has not yet discovered. So to *not* be told something is not enough to conclude that it is false: one has to be explicitly told this in order to draw the desired conclusions. In your example, if you want to know that a property has cardinality 0, it is not enough to simply fail to find any values. (The value might still be there, but recorded in some other Web resource somewhere you have not looked yet.) In order to draw your conclusions, you need to positively know that there are no values. This can be done in various ways: you might know, for example, that all the all the values are in a class which you know to be empty. But just not finding a value is not a guarantee that it does not exist. That is the open world assumption, which pervades all of RDF/RDFS/OWL reasoning. 

Hope this helps.

Pat Hayes

>  
> From: Uli Sattler [mailto:sattler@cs.man.ac.uk] 
> Sent: Mittwoch, 13. Juli 2011 15:46
> To: Kemmann, Soeren
> Cc: public-owl-dev@w3.org
> Subject: Re: Using cardinality restrictions
>  
>  
> On 13 Jul 2011, at 14:28, <Soeren.Kemmann@iese.fraunhofer.de> wrote:
> 
> 
> Hi Uli, hi @all,
>  
> Yes, that makes sense!
> I was trying to build a small example analog to the famous pizza example.
> The difference is that I do not want to assign instances to the partitions and use them, but I want to just define instances and have the reasoner interfere to which class they belong to.
> I’m sorry … but I couldn’t achieve this yet. This is what I did:
> My Class Hierarchy:
> Thing
> - RefClass
> - TestValuePartition == (Part1 union Part2)
>                 - Part1
>                 - Part2
> Part1 and Part 2 are marked as disjoint.
> Furthermore, I defined that Part 1 has some references to RefClass (hasRef some Class).
> Now, if I create two instances with asserted type TestValuePartition, one that has a reference to an instance of RefClass and the other having no instance.
>  
> again, be careful, 'the other having no *known* [reference to an] instance of RefClass.
> 
> 
> Due to the value partition I would have expected that instance 1 is interfered to be of Part1
>  
> ...and this works (as you say below)
> 
> 
> and instance 2 to be of Part2, but again only Part1 works!
>  
> same as before: instance 2 may or may not have a hasRef-successor, so we have not enough information to say whether instance 2 is an instance of Part1 or of Part2... 
> 
> 
> Instance 2 stays as being a TestValuePartition instance (only). For me the Value Partition is in this case not a value partition!?
> What am I missing?
>  
>  
> I am afraid you are missing the open world assumption (and thus of possible, but neither necessarily true, nor necessarily false facts - e.g., instance 2 is possibly an instance of Part1, possibly an instance of Part2, thus not necessarily an instance of either)...check for 'closure axioms'! Cheers, Uli
>  
>  
> 
> 
> Thanks a lot!
>  
> Cheers,
> Sören
>  
>  
>  
> From: Uli Sattler [mailto:sattler@cs.man.ac.uk] 
> Sent: Dienstag, 12. Juli 2011 17:35
> To: Kemmann, Soeren
> Cc: public-owl-dev@w3.org
> Subject: Re: Using cardinality restrictions
>  
>  
> On 12 Jul 2011, at 10:27, <Soeren.Kemmann@iese.fraunhofer.de> wrote:
> 
> 
> 
> Hi there,
>  
> I’m trying to model (with Protégé 3.4.6 with Pellet Reasoner … just in case it matters) that a class A has two subclasses B and C, where B and C are disjoint.
> The distinction I want to make is that every instance of A is either of subclass B or of C dependent on the cardinality of a property p.
> The “test” is whether the instance has values assigned to property p ( p min 1). This kind of works … the instances are interfered to be of that type.
> But the other class does not work. If tried (p max 0), (p exactly 0), (p exactly 0 RangeClass), but nothing works.
>  
> I’m using OWL-DL and as far as I understood 0/1 cardinalities are ok for OWL-DL, right?
>  
>  
> Hi Soeren, 
>  
> yes, they do - I guess you have, in your ontology, something like 
>  
> B SubClassOf C   
> A SubClassOf C  %% these two axioms aren't really necessary if you have the 2 below...
>  
> A EquivalentClass C and (p min 1) 
> B EquivalentClass C and (p max 0) 
>  
> ...and then when you have an instance of C with 
>  
> - 1 known p-successor, they are classified as being an instance of A
> - no known p-successor, they are ... only classified as being an instance of C - and you wonder why...
>  
> The reason is found in the word 'known' used above: your instance of C has no *known* p-successor, but could have some, due to the open world assumption!
>  
> So, how to rescue this? For example, you could say explicitly how many p-successors an individual has...in general, you need a 'closure' statement that says that the *known* p-successors are all p-successors. 
>  
> If I remember correctly, the famous Pizza tutorial explains this in detail (see http://owl.cs.manchester.ac.uk/tutorials/protegeowltutorial/ )
>  
> Cheers, Uli
> 
> 
> 
> Thanks a lot!
> Cheers,
> Sören
>  
>  
> Dipl. Inf. Soeren Kemmann
> Fraunhofer IESE
> Fraunhofer-Platz 1, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
> Tel.: +49 (0) 631 / 6800 - 2218
> Fax.: +49 (0) 631 / 6800 - 9 2218
> mailto:soeren.kemmann@iese.fraunhofer.de
>  
>  

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Received on Wednesday, 13 July 2011 14:55:32 UTC