[ESW Wiki] Update of "its0908LinguisticMarkup" by GoutamSaha

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  The ''Reciprocal Pronouns'' are ''each other'' and ''one another.'' They are convenient forms for combining ideas. (They gave books to ''each other''). 
  
  '''Adverbs:-'''
- ''Adverbs'' are words that modify a ''verb'' (He drives slowly. — How does he drive?),
+ '''Adverbs''' are words that modify a '''verb''' (He drives '''slowly''' . — How does he drive?),
- an ''adjective'' (He drives a very fast car. — How fast is his car?) and another 
+ an '''adjective''' (He drives a '''very''' fast car. — How fast is his car?) and another 
- ''adverb'' (He moves quite slowly. — How slowly does he move?).
+ '''adverb''' (He moves '''quite''' slowly. — How slowly does he move?).
- Types of ''Adverbs:-'' 
+ Types of '''Adverbs:-''' 
- ''Adverbs of Manner or Abstract Adverb:''   He moves ''slowly'' and spoke ''quietly''.
+ '''Adverbs of Manner or Abstract Adverb:'''   He moves '''slowly''' and spoke '''quietly'''.
- ''Adverbs of Place:''  Go ''there''.  Come ''here''. 
+ '''Adverbs of Place:'''  Go '''there'''.  Come '''here'''. 
- ''Adverbs of Frequency:''  He ''often'' acts. He comes ''every day''.
+ '''Adverbs of Frequency:'''  He '''often''' acts. He comes '''every day''' .
- ''Adverbs of Time:''  ''Always'' tell the truth. ''When'' are you coming? 
+ '''Adverbs of Time:'''  '''Always''' tell the truth. '''When''' are you coming? 
- He finished his tea ''first''. He left ''early''.
+ He finished his tea '''first'''. He left '''early'''.
- ''Adjective Adjective Adverbs:''  He is ''very'' intelligent. He is ''too'' good.
+ '''Adjective Adjective Adverbs:'''  He is '''very''' intelligent. He is '''too''' good.
- ''Adjective Adverb:''   Do not walk ''so'' fast.
+ '''Adjective Adverb:'''   Do not walk '''so''' fast.
  
  '''Prepositions:-'''  
  A ''preposition'' describes a relationship between other words in a sentence. 
@@ -292, +292 @@

  
  '''Determiners''' are words like ''a, an, the, this, that, these, those, every, each, some, any, my, his, one, two etc.,'' which determine or limit the meaning of the nouns that follow. All determiners except ''a, an, the'' are generally classed among adjectives. 
  
+ '''Link word''' is to denote a link to some web page etc.
+ 
  '''Punctuation:'''
  (a) ''Comma:'' ,  (b) ''Sentence Final:'' . ! ? |  (c) ''Quote:'' ' "
  (d) ''Left Parenthesis:'' ( [ { <  (e) ''Right Parenthesis:'' ) ] } >
@@ -305, +307 @@

  
  <!-- Markup to Disambiguate between an element-tag and a text/PCDATA in between "<" and ">" -->
    
- Readers may refer to work in 
+ Readers may refer to work in
+  
- <pos_cat name="punctuation" type="left_parenthesis"> < </pos_cat> Saha2005 
+ <pos_cat name="punctuation" type="left_parenthesis"> < </pos_cat> Saha2005
+  
- <pos_cat name="punctuation" type="right_parenthesis"> > </pos_cat> > 
+ <pos_cat name="punctuation" type="right_parenthesis"> > </pos_cat>  
+ 
  for more information.
  
  }}}
@@ -318, +323 @@

  
  A ''sentence'' is a set or group of words which makes complete sense. 
  '''Semantically Sentences ''' are of major four kinds: (a) a ''Declarative or Assertive'' sentence (that makes a statement or assertion, e.g., ''He sat on a chair.''), (b) an ''Interrogative'' sentence (that asks a question, e.g., Where do you go ?) (c)an ''Imperative'' sentence (that expresses a command or an entreaty, e.g., Be quiet.), (d)an ''Exclamatory'' sentence (that expresses strong feeling, e.g., How cold the day is !).
- Other semantic classifications of sentences are: (e) '''Praying Sentence''' expresses a prayer, e.g., "May God bless you." (f) '''Causative Sentence''' expresses a cause and effect or condition, e.g., "If you work hard you will definitely succeed." (g) '''Suspicion Sentence''' expresses a guessing or suspicion, e.g., "It might rain now." (h)'''Cursed Sentence''' expresses an imprecation, "You devil, get ruined." (i) '''Proverbial Sentence''' denotes a proverbial expression, e.g., "Cut your coat according to your cloth." "Grapes are sour." (j) '''Taunt Sentence''' expresses a jeering remark or sarcastic or derisive comment, e.g., "That penniless boy behaves as if he is a king."
+ Other semantic classifications of sentences are: (e) '''Praying Sentence''' expresses a prayer, e.g., "May God bless you." (f) '''Causative Sentence''' expresses a cause and effect or condition, e.g., "If you work hard you will definitely succeed." (g) '''Suspicion Sentence''' expresses a guessing or suspicion, e.g., "It might rain now." (h)'''Cursed Sentence''' expresses an imprecation, "You devil, get ruined." (i) '''Proverbial Sentence''' denotes a proverbial expression, e.g., "Cut your coat according to your cloth." "Grapes are sour." (j) '''Taunt Sentence''' expresses a jeering remark or sarcastic or derisive comment, e.g., "That penniless boy behaves as if he is a king." (k) '''Chant''' sentences expresses chanting, e.g., "Om Tot Sot.", that we don't intend to translate. (l) '''Link''' sentence is to express a link to some web page etc.   
  
  A sentence is diveded into two main parts- (a) the ''Subject'' (i.e., the person or thing about which something is said) and (b) the ''Predicate'' (i.e., what is said about the person or thing denoted by the subject.) The subject may consist of one word or several words. The predicate may also consist one or several words.  In other words, we must have a ''subject'' to speak about and we must ''say or predicate'' something about that subject. For an example, in the sentence "The sun gives light.", "The sun" is the ''subject'' and "gives light." is the ''predicate''.  
  
  '''A Phrase''' is a group of words which makes sense, but not complete sense. For an example, "in the east" in the sentence "The sun rises in the east." is a ''phrase''. '''A Clause''' is a group of words which forms part of a ''sentence,'' and contains a ''Subject'' and a ''Predicate.'' For eample, in the sentence "She has a chain which is made of gold", the group of words "which is made of gold" is called a clause that contains a Subject (which) and a Predicate (is made of gold). There are three major ''formative categories of sentences'':
  (a) a '''Simple Sentence''' has only one Subject and one Predicate (or, a simple sentence has only one Finite verb). For example, the sentence "He goes to school" is a simple sentence, (b) a '''Compound Sentence''' is made up of two or more ''Main or Principal Clauses''(i.e., a Main Clause is an independent clause that makes good sense by itself and can stand by itself as a separate sentence). For example, the sentence "The moon was bright and we could see or way" is a compound sentence. Here, we have two main clauses: (i) "The moon was bright" and (ii) "we could see our way". These two clauses are joined by the co-ordinating conjunction ''and'', (c) a '''Complex Sentence''' consists of one Main Clause and one or more Subordinate Clauses. For example, the sentence "They rested when evening came" is a complex sentence. As the clause "They rested" makes good sense by itself, so it is a Main clause. Whereas, the clause "when evening came" cannot stand by itself and cannot make good sense. It is dependent on the clause "They rested". It is therefore called a '''Dependent or Subordinate Clause.'''   
  
+ We can also use this '''3-Tier Schema approach''' for indicating whether a content or a sentence or a word needs to be kept "as it is" (without translation) or not. The following markups can be used:
  
+ {{{
+ 
+ <content_domain name="religion" type="no_translation">
+ 
+ <!-- to add metadata information for not translating a content -->
+ 
+ <!-- default is to translate -->
+ 
+ .... sentences ... 
+ 
+ </content_domain>
+ 
+ }}}
+ 
+ An example is given below how to add metadata information to skip translation process for a sentence in a cultural content's chanting part. 
+ 
+ {{{
+ 
+ <content_domain name="cultural">
+ 
+ <!-- default is to translate -->
+ .....
+ ..... sentences
+ .....
+ 
+ <!-- above sentences need to be translated-->
+ 
+ <sentence_cat name="chant" type="no_translate">
+ 
+ Om Ganeshaioh Namoh.
+ 
+ </sentence_cat>
+ 
+ </content_domain>
+ 
+ }}}
  
  == Challenges ==

Received on Saturday, 15 October 2005 11:11:29 UTC