- From: Andrew Cunningham <andrewc@vicnet.net.au>
- Date: Fri, 11 Jul 2003 09:50:58 +1000
- To: Tex Texin <tex@i18nguy.com>
- Cc: GEO <public-i18n-geo@w3.org>
Tex Texin wrote: > Here is a start on this question- > > Which languages are right-to-left (RTL)? > > Background > > This is a common question, although incorrectly phrased. Knowing > which languages are right-to-left is important to web designers > and authors, because the so called right-to-left languages are > more complicated to work with and the organization and > directionality of the page layout are affected. Therefore, knowing the writing > direction can be relevant to estimating the work involved to create web pages > in a new language. > > Why is the question incorrectly phrased? There are 2 inaccuracies > within this question. First, languages don't have a writing > direction, the script used to write them determines the > direction. For example, Yiddish is generally written in the > Hebrew script, which is right-to-left. But it can also be written > using the Latin script which is left-to-right. > > The second inaccuracy concerns the use of the term "right-to- > left". Although the majority of the text will be written right- > to-left, numbers are still written left-to-right (LTR). In > addition, right-to-left text will often include borrowed or > foreign words written in their native left-to-right script, and > so the text is mixed directionality. The proper term therefore is > "bidirectional". However, "right-to-left" is very commonly used, > and as long as it is understood that a script with a "right-to-left" writing > direction is in fact bidirectional, the terms "right-to-left" and > "bidrectional" can be used interchangeably. > There is more information on the different directionalities of > scripts in: > http://www.unicode.org/faq/middleeast.html > > Answer > > Languages generally do have a preferred script and > writing direction. The following scripts are bidirectional, and > therefore languages written in these scripts are also > bidirectional: Hebrew, Arabic, Syriac, Thaana > > The following languages are generally written in bidirectional > scripts: > > Hebrew, Yiddish, Ladino, > Arabic, Farsi/Persian, Syriac, Avesta, Kök Turki, Manchu, Middle > Persian, Mongolian, Sogdian, South Arabic, Uighur, Maldivian, > Urdu, Kazakh, Uzbek, Tajik. Malay, Swahili, Hausa, Algerian > Tribal, old Malay, Baluchi, Kashmiri, Sindhi, Pashto, Landha, > Dargwa, Morrocan Arabic, Adighe, Ingush, Berber, Kurdish, > Jawi/Javanese. > The script is Syriac, but I suspect that you wouldn't call the language Syriac. You'd have Assyrian, Neo-Aramaic and probbaly a few others. Is it worth noting that some languages can be written with more than one script, eg Malay, Swahili, Hausa, Berber languages, Kurdish (Sorani), etc. just pulling out a couple form your list? Although of those, Kurdish is the onlyy one that is commonly found in multiple scripts. > Note that this list, of necessity, is not complete. There are too > many languages in existence to identify them all here. > > Note that languages written in Latin, Slavic, Cyrillic, (Modern) Greek and > Thai scripts are left-to-right. > > Ideographic languages are more flexible in their writing > direction. They are generally written left-to-right, or > vertically top-to-bottom (with the vertical lines perhaps > proceeding from right to left). However, they may also, > optionally, be written right-to-left. Chinese newspapers > sometimes combine all of these writing directions on a page. > Fortunately for web designers and authors, in this case, the > direction is up to the designer. > -- Andrew Cunningham Multilingual Technical Officer Online Projects Team, Vicnet State Library of Victoria 328 Swanston Street Melbourne VIC 3000 Australia andrewc@vicnet.net.au Ph. +61-3-8664-7430 Fax: +61-3-9639-2175 http://www.openroad.net.au/ http://www.libraries.vic.gov.au/ http://www.vicnet.net.au/
Received on Thursday, 10 July 2003 19:51:04 UTC