html5/websockets Overview.html,NONE,1.1

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Extract WebSockets API (for W3C) and protocol (for IETF). (whatwg r2639)

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<!DOCTYPE html><!-- when publishing, change bits marked ZZZ --><html lang=en-US-x-Hixie><title>The Web Sockets API</title><link href=http://www.w3.org/StyleSheets/TR/%57%33%43-ED rel=stylesheet type=text/css><!-- ZZZ ED vs WD --><style>
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  </style><div class=head>
   <p><a href=http://www.w3.org/><img alt=W3C height=48 src=http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home width=72></a></p>
   <h1>The Web Sockets API</h1>
   <h2 class="no-num no-toc" id=editor-s-draft-date-zzz-9-june-2008><!-- "W3C Working Draft" --> Editor's Draft <!--ZZZ-->9 January 2009</h2>
   <dl><!-- ZZZ: update the month/day
    <dt>This Version:</dt>
    <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/WD-websockets-20090101/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/WD-websockets-20090101/</a></dd>
    <dt>Latest Published Version:</dt>
    <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/websockets/">http://www.w3.org/TR/websockets/</a></dd>
 :ZZZ --><dt>Latest Editor's Draft:</dt>
    <dd><a href=http://dev.w3.org/html5/websockets/>http://dev.w3.org/html5/websockets/</a></dd>
<!-- ZZZ: add the new version after it has shipped
    <dt>Previous Versions:</dt>
    <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/WD-websockets-20080101/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/WD-websockets-20080101/</a>
 :ZZZ -->
    <dt>Editors:</dt>
    <dd><a href=mailto:ian@hixie.ch>Ian Hickson</a>, Google, Inc.</dd>
   </dl><p class=copyright><a href=http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Copyright>Copyright</a>
   &copy; 2008 <a href=http://www.w3.org/><abbr title="World Wide
   Web Consortium">W3C</abbr></a><sup>&reg;</sup> (<a href=http://www.csail.mit.edu/><abbr title="Massachusetts
   Institute of Technology">MIT</abbr></a>, <a href=http://www.ercim.org/><abbr title="European Research
   Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics">ERCIM</abbr></a>, <a href=http://www.keio.ac.jp/>Keio</a>), All Rights Reserved. W3C
   <a href=http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Legal_Disclaimer>liability</a>,
   <a href=http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#W3C_Trademarks>trademark</a>
   and <a href=http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/copyright-documents>document
   use</a> rules apply.</p>

   <!-- UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES IS THE FOLLOWING PARAGRAPH TO BE REMOVED OR EDITED WITHOUT TALKING TO IAN FIRST -->
   <p class="alt copyright">The <a href=http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/#network>WHATWG
   version</a> of this specification is available under a more
   permissive license.</p>
   <!-- UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES IS THE PRECEDING PARAGRAPH TO BE REMOVED OR EDITED WITHOUT TALKING TO IAN FIRST -->

  </div><hr><h2 class="no-num no-toc" id=abstract>Abstract</h2><p>This specification defines an API that enables Web pages to use
  the Web Sockets protocol for two-way communication with a remote
  host.<h2 class="no-num no-toc" id=status-of-this-document>Status of this document</h2><!-- intro boilerplate (required) --><p><em>This section describes the status of this document at the
  time of its publication. Other documents may supersede this
  document. A list of current W3C publications and the most recently
  formally published revision of this technical report can be found in
  the <a href=http://www.w3.org/TR/>W3C technical reports index</a>
  at http://www.w3.org/TR/.</em></p><!-- where to send feedback (required) --><p>If you wish to make comments regarding this document, please send
  them to <a href=mailto:public-webapps-comments@w3.org>public-webapps-comments@w3.org</a>
  (<a href="mailto:public-webapps-comments-request@w3.org?subject=subscribe">subscribe</a>,
  <a href=http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-webapps-comments/>archives</a>)

  <!-- UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES IS THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE TO BE REMOVED OR EDITED WITHOUT TALKING TO IAN FIRST -->  
  or <a href=mailto:whatwg@whatwg.org>whatwg@whatwg.org</a> (<a href=http://lists.whatwg.org/listinfo.cgi/whatwg-whatwg.org>subscribe</a>,
  <a href=http://lists.whatwg.org/pipermail/whatwg-whatwg.org/>archives</a>).
   <!-- UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES IS THE PRECEDING SENTENCE TO BE REMOVED OR EDITED WITHOUT TALKING TO IAN FIRST -->

  All feedback is welcome.</p><!-- stability (required) --><p>Implementors should be aware that this specification is not
  stable. <strong>Implementors who are not taking part in the
  discussions are likely to find the specification changing out from
  under them in incompatible ways.</strong> Vendors interested in
  implementing this specification before it eventually reaches the
  Candidate Recommendation stage should join the aforementioned
  mailing lists and take part in the discussions.</p><!-- version history or list of changes (required) --><p>The latest stable version of the editor's draft of this
  specification is always available on <a href=http://dev.w3.org/html5/websockets/Overview.html>the W3C CVS
  server</a>. Change tracking for this document is available at the
  following location:<ul><li>CVS log: <a href=http://dev.w3.org/cvsweb/html5/apps/Overview.html>http://dev.w3.org/cvsweb/html5/apps/Overview.html</a></li>
  </ul><!-- UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES IS THE FOLLOWING PARAGRAPH TO BE REMOVED OR EDITED WITHOUT TALKING TO IAN FIRST --><!-- relationship to other work (required) --><p>This specification is automatically generated from the
  corresponding section in the HTML5 specification, as hosted in the
  <a href=http://svn.whatwg.org/webapps/>WHATWG Subversion
  repository</a>. The latest editor's working copy of HTML5 (which may
  contain unfinished text in the process of being prepared) is
  available <a href=http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/>on the
  WHATWG site</a>. Detailed change history for all of HTML5, including
  the parts that form this specification, can be found at the
  following locations:</p><!-- UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES IS THE PRECEDING PARAGRAPH TO BE REMOVED OR EDITED WITHOUT TALKING TO IAN FIRST --><!-- UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES IS THE FOLLOWING LIST TO BE REMOVED OR EDITED WITHOUT TALKING TO IAN FIRST --><ul><li>Twitter messages (non-editorial changes only): <a href=http://twitter.com/WHATWG>http://twitter.com/WHATWG</a></li>
   <li>Interactive Web interface: <a href=http://html5.org/tools/web-apps-tracker>http://html5.org/tools/web-apps-tracker</a></li>
   <li>Commit-Watchers mailing list: <a href=http://lists.whatwg.org/listinfo.cgi/commit-watchers-whatwg.org>http://lists.whatwg.org/listinfo.cgi/commit-watchers-whatwg.org</a></li>
   <li>Subversion interface: <a href=http://svn.whatwg.org/webapps/>http://svn.whatwg.org/webapps/</a></li>
  </ul><!-- UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES IS THE PRECEDING LIST TO BE REMOVED OR EDITED WITHOUT TALKING TO IAN FIRST --><!-- status of document, group responsible (required) --><p>The W3C <a href=http://www.w3.org/2008/webapps/>Web Apps
  Working Group</a> is the W3C working group responsible for this
  specification's progress along the W3C Recommendation track.
  <!--ZZZ:-->
  This specification is the 9 January 2009 <!--ZZZ "Working Draft"-->Editor's Draft.
  <!--:ZZZ-->
  </p><!-- UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES IS THE PRECEDING PARAGRAPH TO BE REMOVED OR EDITED WITHOUT TALKING TO IAN FIRST --><!-- context and rationale (required) --><p>This specification is intended to specify a part of the Web
  platform closely related to HTML5. It is defined in a separate
  document primarily to ease the cognitive load on reviewers.</p><!-- UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES IS THE FOLLOWING PARAGRAPH TO BE REMOVED OR EDITED WITHOUT TALKING TO IAN FIRST --><!-- required patent boilerplate --><p>This document was produced by a group operating under the <a href=http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/>5
  February 2004 W3C Patent Policy</a>. W3C maintains a <a href=http://www.w3.org/2004/01/pp-impl/42538/status rel=disclosure>public list of
  any patent disclosures</a> made in connection with the deliverables
  of the group; that page also includes instructions for disclosing a
  patent. An individual who has actual knowledge of a patent which the
  individual believes contains <a href=http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#def-essential>Essential
  Claim(s)</a> must disclose the information in accordance with <a href=http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#sec-Disclosure>section
  6 of the W3C Patent Policy</a>.<h2 class="no-num no-toc" id=contents>Table of contents</h2>
<!--begin-toc-->
<ol class=toc>
 <li><a href=#network-intro><span class=secno>1 </span>Introduction</a>
  <ol>
   <li><a href=#conformance-requirements><span class=secno>1.1 </span>Conformance requirements</a>
    <ol>
     <li><a href=#dependencies><span class=secno>1.1.1 </span>Dependencies</a></ol></li>
   <li><a href=#terminology><span class=secno>1.2 </span>Terminology</a></ol></li>
 <li><a href=#the-websocket-interface><span class=secno>2 </span>The <code>WebSocket</code> interface</a></li>
 <li><a href=#websocket-events><span class=secno>3 </span>WebSocket Events</a></li>
 <li><a href=#feedback-from-the-protocol><span class=secno>4 </span>Feedback from the protocol</a></li>
 <li><a class=no-num href=#references>References</a></ol>
<!--end-toc--><hr><h2 id=network-intro><span class=secno>1 </span>Introduction</h2><p><em>This section is non-normative.</em><p>To enable Web applications to maintain bidirectional
  communications with server-side processes, this specification
  introduces the <code><a href=#websocket>WebSocket</a></code> interface.<p class=note>This interface does not allow for raw access to the
  underlying network. For example, this interface could not be used to
  implement an IRC client without proxying messages through a custom
  server.<p class=XXX>An introduction to the client-side and
  server-side of using the direct connection APIs.<h3 id=conformance-requirements><span class=secno>1.1 </span>Conformance requirements</h3><p>All diagrams, examples, and notes in this specification are
  non-normative, as are all sections explicitly marked non-normative.
  Everything else in this specification is normative.<p>The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", <!--"SHALL", "SHALL
  NOT",--> "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
  "OPTIONAL" in the normative parts of this document are to be
  interpreted as described in RFC2119. For readability, these words do
  not appear in all uppercase letters in this specification. <a href=#refsRFC2119>[RFC2119]</a><p>Requirements phrased in the imperative as part of algorithms
  (such as "strip any leading space characters" or "return false and
  abort these steps") are to be interpreted with the meaning of the
  key word ("must", "should", "may", etc) used in introducing the
  algorithm.<p>Some conformance requirements are phrased as requirements on
  attributes, methods or objects. Such requirements are to be
  interpreted as requirements on user agents.<p>Conformance requirements phrased as algorithms or specific steps
  may be implemented in any manner, so long as the end result is
  equivalent. (In particular, the algorithms defined in this
  specification are intended to be easy to follow, and not intended to
  be performant.)<p>The only conformance class defined by this specification is user
  agents.<p>User agents may impose implementation-specific limits on
  otherwise unconstrained inputs, e.g. to prevent denial of service
  attacks, to guard against running out of memory, or to work around
  platform-specific limitations.<h4 id=dependencies><span class=secno>1.1.1 </span>Dependencies</h4><p>This specification relies on several other underlying
  specifications.<dl><dt>HTML5</dt>

   <dd>

    <p>Many fundamental concepts from HTML5 are used by this
    specification. <a href=#refsHTML5>[HTML5]</a></p>

   </dd>

   <dt>WebIDL</dt>

   <dd>

    <p>The IDL blocks in this specification use the semantics of the
    WebIDL specification. <a href=#refsWebIDL>[WebIDL]</a></p>

   </dd>

  </dl><h3 id=terminology><span class=secno>1.2 </span>Terminology</h3><p>The construction "a <code title="">Foo</code> object", where
  <code title="">Foo</code> is actually an interface, is sometimes
  used instead of the more accurate "an object implementing the
  interface <code title="">Foo</code>".<p>The term DOM is used to refer to the API set made available to
  scripts in Web applications, and does not necessarily imply the
  existence of an actual <code>Document</code> object or of any other
  <code>Node</code> objects as defined in the DOM Core
  specifications. <a href=#refsDOM3CORE>[DOM3CORE]</a><p>A DOM attribute is said to be <em>getting</em> when its value is
  being retrieved (e.g. by author script), and is said to be
  <em>setting</em> when a new value is assigned to it.<h2 id=the-websocket-interface><span class=secno>2 </span>The <code><a href=#websocket>WebSocket</a></code> interface</h2><pre class=idl>
[<a href=#dom-websocket title=dom-WebSocket>Constructor</a>(in DOMString url)]
interface <dfn id=websocket>WebSocket</dfn> {
  readonly attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-websocket-url title=dom-WebSocket-URL>URL</a>;

  // ready state
  const unsigned short <a href=#dom-websocket-connecting title=dom-WebSocket-CONNECTING>CONNECTING</a> = 0;
  const unsigned short <a href=#dom-websocket-open title=dom-WebSocket-OPEN>OPEN</a> = 1;
  const unsigned short <a href=#dom-websocket-closed title=dom-WebSocket-CLOSED>CLOSED</a> = 2;
  readonly attribute long <a href=#dom-websocket-readystate title=dom-WebSocket-readyState>readyState</a>;

  // networking
           attribute EventListener <a href=#handler-websocket-onopen title=handler-WebSocket-onopen>onopen</a>;
           attribute EventListener <a href=#handler-websocket-onmessage title=handler-WebSocket-onmessage>onmessage</a>;
           attribute EventListener <a href=#handler-websocket-onclosed title=handler-WebSocket-onclosed>onclosed</a>;
  void <a href=#dom-websocket-postmessage title=dom-WebSocket-postMessage>postMessage</a>(in DOMString data);
  void <a href=#dom-websocket-disconnect title=dom-WebSocket-disconnect>disconnect</a>();
};</pre><p><code><a href=#websocket>WebSocket</a></code> objects must also implement the
  <code>EventTarget</code> interface. <a href=#refsDOM3EVENTS>[DOM3EVENTS]</a>

  <p>The <dfn id=dom-websocket title=dom-WebSocket><code>WebSocket(<var title="">url</var>)</code></dfn> constructor takes one argument,
  <var title="">url</var>, which specifies the <span>URL</span> to
  which to connect. When the <code>WebSocket()</code> constructor is
  invoked, the UA must run these steps:<ol><li><p><span title="parse a url">Parse</span> the <var title="">url</var> argument.</li>

   <li><p>If the previous step failed, or if <var title="">url</var>
   does not have a <span title=url-scheme>&lt;scheme&gt;</span>
   component whose value is either "<code title="">ws</code>" or
   "<code title="">wss</code>", when compared in an <span>ASCII
   case-insensitive</span> manner, then throw a
   <code>SYNTAX_ERR</code> exception.</li>

   <li><p>Return a new <code><a href=#websocket>WebSocket</a></code> object, and continue
   these steps in the background (without blocking scripts).</li>

   <li><p>Let <var title="">origin</var> be the <span title="ASCII
   serialization of an origin">ASCII serialization</span> of the
   <span>origin</span> of the script that invoked the <code title=dom-WebSocket><a href=#dom-websocket>WebSocket()</a></code> constructor.</li>

   <li><p>If the <span title=url-scheme>&lt;scheme&gt;</span>
   component of <var title="">url</var> is "<code title="">ws</code>",
   set <var title="">secure</var> to false; otherwise, the <span title=url-scheme>&lt;scheme&gt;</span> component is "<code title="">wss</code>", set <var title="">secure</var> to
   true.</li>

   <li><p>Let <var title="">host</var> be the value of the <span title=url-host>&lt;host&gt;</span> component of <var title="">url</var>.</li>

   <li><p>If <var title="">url</var> has a <span title=url-port>&lt;port&gt;</span> component, then let <var title="">port</var> be that component's value; otherwise, there is
   no explicit <var title="">port</var>.</li>

   <li><p>Let <var title="">resource name</var> be the value of the
   <span title=url-path>&lt;path&gt;</span> component (which might
   be empty) of <var title="">url</var>.</li>

   <li><p>If <var title="">resource name</var> is the empty string,
   set it to a single character U+002F SOLIDUS (/).</li>

   <li><p>If <var title="">url</var> has a <span title=url-query>&lt;query&gt;</span> component, then append a
   single U+003F QUESTION MARK (?) character to <var title="">resource
   name</var>, followed by the value of the <span title=url-query>&lt;query&gt;</span> component.</li>

   <li><p><span>Establish a Web Socket connection</span> to a host
   <var title="">host</var>, on port <var title="">port</var> (if one
   was specified), from <var title="">origin</var>, with the flag <var title="">secure</var>, and with <var title="">resource name</var>
   as the resource name.</li>

  </ol><hr><p>The <dfn id=dom-websocket-url title=dom-WebSocket-URL><code>URL</code></dfn>
  attribute must return the value that was passed to the
  constructor.<p>The <dfn id=dom-websocket-readystate title=dom-WebSocket-readyState><code>readyState</code></dfn>
  attribute represents the state of the connection. It can have the
  following values:<dl><dt><dfn id=dom-websocket-connecting title=dom-WebSocket-CONNECTING><code>CONNECTING</code></dfn> (numeric value 0)</dt>

   <dd>The connection has not yet been established.</dd>

   <dt><dfn id=dom-websocket-open title=dom-WebSocket-OPEN><code>OPEN</code></dfn> (numeric value 1)</dt>

   <dd>The <span>Web Socket connection is established</span> and communication is possible.</dd>

   <dt><dfn id=dom-websocket-closed title=dom-WebSocket-CLOSED><code>CLOSED</code></dfn> (numeric value 2)</dt>

   <dd>The connection has been closed or could not be opened.</dd>

  </dl><p>When the object is created its <code title=dom-WebSocket-readyState><a href=#dom-websocket-readystate>readyState</a></code> must be set to
  <code title=dom-WebSocket-CONNECTING><a href=#dom-websocket-connecting>CONNECTING</a></code> (0). The
  steps executed when the constructor is invoked change this
  attribute's value.<p>The <dfn id=dom-websocket-postmessage title=dom-WebSocket-postMessage><code>postMessage(<var title="">data</var>)</code></dfn> method transmits data using the
  connection. If the connection is not established (<code title=dom-WebSocket-readyState><a href=#dom-websocket-readystate>readyState</a></code> is not <code title=dom-WebSocket-OPEN><a href=#dom-websocket-open>OPEN</a></code>), it must raise an
  <code>INVALID_STATE_ERR</code> exception. If the connection
  <em>is</em> established, then the user agent must <span>send <var title="">data</var> using the Web Socket</span>.<p>The <dfn id=dom-websocket-disconnect title=dom-WebSocket-disconnect><code>disconnect()</code></dfn>
  method must <span>close the Web Socket connection</span> or
  connection attempt, if any. If the connection is already closed, it
  must do nothing. Closing the connection causes a <code title=event-WebSocket-close><a href=#event-websocket-close>close</a></code> event to be fired and
  the <code title=dom-WebSocket-readyState><a href=#dom-websocket-readystate>readyState</a></code>
  attribute's value to change, as <a href=#closeWebSocket>described
  below</a>.<h2 id=websocket-events><span class=secno>3 </span>WebSocket Events</h2><p>The <dfn id=event-websocket-open title=event-WebSocket-open><code>open</code></dfn>
  event is fired when the <span>Web Socket connection is
  established</span>.<p>The <dfn id=event-websocket-close title=event-WebSocket-close><code>close</code></dfn>
  event is fired when the connection is closed (whether by the author,
  calling the <code title=dom-WebSocket-disconnect><a href=#dom-websocket-disconnect>disconnect()</a></code> method, or by
  the server, or by a network error).<p class=note>No information regarding why the connection was
  closed is passed to the application in this version of this
  specification.<p>The <code title=event-message>message</code> event is fired
  when when data is received for a connection.</p><hr><p>The following are the <span>event handler DOM attributes</span>
  that must be supported by objects implementing the
  <code><a href=#websocket>WebSocket</a></code> interface:<dl><dt><dfn id=handler-websocket-onopen title=handler-WebSocket-onopen><code>onopen</code></dfn></dt>

   <dd><p>Must be invoked whenever an <code title=event-WebSocket-open><a href=#event-websocket-open>open</a></code> event is targeted at or
   bubbles through the <code><a href=#websocket>WebSocket</a></code> object.</dd>

   <dt><dfn id=handler-websocket-onmessage title=handler-WebSocket-onmessage><code>onmessage</code></dfn></dt>

   <dd><p>Must be invoked whenever a <code title=event-message>message</code> event is targeted at or
   bubbles through the <code><a href=#websocket>WebSocket</a></code> object.</dd>

   <dt><dfn id=handler-websocket-onclosed title=handler-WebSocket-onclosed><code>onclosed</code></dfn></dt>

   <dd><p>Must be invoked whenever an <code title=event-WebSocket-closed>closed</code> event is targeted at or
   bubbles through the <code><a href=#websocket>WebSocket</a></code> object.</dd>

  </dl><h2 id=feedback-from-the-protocol><span class=secno>4 </span>Feedback from the protocol</h2><p>When the <i>Web Socket connection is established</i>, the user
  agent must run the following steps:<ol><li>

    <p>Change the <code title=dom-WebSocket-readyState><a href=#dom-websocket-readystate>readyState</a></code> attribute's value
    to <code title=dom-WebSocket-OPEN><a href=#dom-websocket-open>OPEN</a></code> (1).</p>

   </li>

   <li>

    <p><span>Queue a task</span> to <span>fire a simple event</span>
    named <code title=event-WebSocket-open><a href=#event-websocket-open>open</a></code> at the
    <code><a href=#websocket>WebSocket</a></code> object.</p>

   </li>

  </ol><hr><p>When <i>a Web Socket message has been received</i> with text <var title="">data</var>, the user agent must create an event that uses
  the <code>MessageEvent</code> interface, with the event name <code title=event-message>message</code>, which does not bubble, is
  cancelable, has no default action, and whose <code title=dom-MessageEvent-data>data</code> attribute is set to <var title="">data</var>, and <span>queue a task</span> to dispatch it at
  the <code><a href=#websocket>WebSocket</a></code> object.</p><hr><p id=closeWebSocket>When the <i>Web Socket connection is
  closed</i>, the <code title=dom-WebSocket-readyState><a href=#dom-websocket-readystate>readyState</a></code> attribute's value
  must be changed to <code title=dom-WebSocket-CLOSED><a href=#dom-websocket-closed>CLOSED</a></code>
  (2), and the user agent must <span>queue a task</span> to <span>fire
  a simple event</span> named <code title=event-WebSocket-close><a href=#event-websocket-close>close</a></code> at the
  <code><a href=#websocket>WebSocket</a></code> object.</p><hr><p>The <span>task source</span> for all <span title=concept-task>tasks</span> <span title="queue a
  task">queued</span> in this section is the <dfn id=web-socket-task-source>Web Socket task
  source</dfn>.<h2 class=no-num id=references>References</h2><p class=big-issue>This section will be written in a future
  draft.<!--XXX-->

Received on Friday, 9 January 2009 09:34:06 UTC