Re: How to mark up a document other than a web page?

Hi Franck,

my 2c here: this sounds like the task of annotation a bunch of files in a generic (file based) repository.
So unless you embed into the files themselves, most generic is to have a good place to keep
the metadata / bioschemas JSON+LD files.

If you download https://dx.doi.org/10.22000/451,
they use bagit https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BagIt
with folders for descriptive-md/ and technical-md/.
AFAIK there is no example for (bio)schemas markup in RADAR yet,
but we intend to give it a try one day.

Is that what you had in mind ?
Yours,
Steffen



Steffen Neumann
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E-Mail:
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________________________________
From: Franck Michel <fmichel@i3s.unice.fr>
Sent: Wednesday, January 4, 2023 18:49
To: public-bioschemas@w3.org <public-bioschemas@w3.org>; Fabien Gandon <fabien.gandon@inria.fr>
Subject: How to mark up a document other than a web page?

Dear community,

First of all, let me wish you all a happy, richly marked up new year ;).

Schema.org is meant to mark up ressources of any kind on the internet, not just web pages. While presenting Bioschemas, I once had this question: how do I mark up a pdf file? More generally, how to mark up any resource other than an html or xml-based content, like pdf, image, csv, Excel sheet, zip archive etc. ?

I recently asked this during a BSC meeting but it seemed that nobody had really faced this use case yet. And I did a quick Google search but nothing came up. So I'd be interested in having your thoughts on this.

A basic solution would be to insert markup in the web page that provides the download link. Not so satisfying since, when an application downloads the file using its direct URL, there is no more markup.

I could think of a simple solution that uses the HTTP Link header to point to a file containing the markup data (similarly to what's been done in JSON-LD<https://eur04.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2FTR%2Fjson-ld%2F%23interpreting-json-as-json-ld&data=05%7C01%7C%7Cc38f72d04142429d7c4608daee7c35dc%7C0934ee6c2a574efd80a9fc003defef4e%7C0%7C0%7C638084514515205914%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=OVk9kghscSoRqc9%2BEH0JXfEO2HKbhCKsIoooRhHr5JE%3D&reserved=0> or CSCW<https://eur04.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2FTR%2Ftabular-data-model%2F%23link-header&data=05%7C01%7C%7Cc38f72d04142429d7c4608daee7c35dc%7C0934ee6c2a574efd80a9fc003defef4e%7C0%7C0%7C638084514515205914%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=dqaZ6H3I%2FKHCTyy110aqZYjmf046Vdo2Ci1simx9%2FlE%3D&reserved=0>). The exchange would look like this:

GET /document.pdf HTTP/1.1
Host: example.com

====================================

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: application/pdf
Link: <document_metadata.json>; rel="meta"; type="application/ld+json"
...

Where document_metadata.json is a JSON-LD description of the file and its topic (written with Schema.org and Bioschemas of course). I'm not sure whether rel="meta" is the best choice here, but that's just an example.

Note that some metadata may already be embedded in pdf and image files by means of XMP<https://eur04.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FExtensible_Metadata_Platform&data=05%7C01%7C%7Cc38f72d04142429d7c4608daee7c35dc%7C0934ee6c2a574efd80a9fc003defef4e%7C0%7C0%7C638084514515205914%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=kX3di2QSk8c5l1sZO9tYkmg%2Bv6%2B9wpwtAmT8BE9A%2BiE%3D&reserved=0>, where Schema.org types and properties could be used. But this does not work with any type of file, plus applications may want to use only HTTP-based mechanisms to get the markup data, rather than have to read the content of binary files.

Have you seen this kind of use case and usage somewhere? Any other solution you could think of? Do search engines expect this kind of linking to external markup files?

Thx in advance. Regards,
   Franck.

--
Franck MICHEL, CNRS research engineer
Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Inria
I3S laboratory (UMR 7271)