Re: Annotations and the Graph

> On 4 Nov 2015, at 22:09, Benjamin Young <bigbluehat@hypothes.is> wrote:
> 
> Great idea, Frederick.
> 
> Rob, which document should Frederick edit? These are in flux at the moment per https://github.com/w3c/web-annotation/issues/97 <https://github.com/w3c/web-annotation/issues/97>
> 
> My guess is that it will need to be re-made on both documents: the "JSON-LD" one (which I'm doing) and the underlying model one (which Rob is doing).
> 

Actually… I think this note should only be part of the 'RDF-y' document. Any kind of reasoning is very much an RDF related issue (with all the caveats that I will not repeat here), and the very essence of the JSON-LD document is to hide all these. A full blown RDF person would not stop at the JSON-LD document anyway.

Ivan


> Frederick, for now, let's at least get this written up in a GitHub issue:
> https://github.com/w3c/web-annotation/issues/new <https://github.com/w3c/web-annotation/issues/new>
> 
> Jacob, Randall, does that get closer to a bridge built between the worlds? :)
> 
> Thanks!
> Benjamin
> --
> Developer Advocate
> http://hypothes.is/ <http://hypothes.is/>
> 
> On Wed, Nov 4, 2015 at 8:56 AM, Frederick Hirsch <w3c@fjhirsch.com <mailto:w3c@fjhirsch.com>> wrote:
> Benjamin
> 
> I was thinking along similar lines that maybe there is an action we can take with the model to help address Randall's concern about reasoning, without reworking the fundamentals (for the reasons Ivan and others gave)
> 
> I propose we could add a Note at the end of Section 1 before 1.1 (Introduction) based on what Jacob suggested:
> 
> [[
> 
> Note:
> 
> Implementers of reasoners can explicitly add the inference that "body relatedTo target" to enable reasoning with annotations. In addition,  inferring "motivation subclassOf relatedTo" is also a valid interpretation (or use the predicate 'annotates'), especially if it serves some search retrieval function. "
> 
> ]]
> 
> I can attempt to make a pull request if that helps (please point me to correct repository, I don't want to touch FPWD or WD staging by mistake)
> 
> regards, Frederick
> 
> Frederick Hirsch
> Co-Chair, W3C Web Annotation WG
> 
> www.fjhirsch.com <http://www.fjhirsch.com/>
> @fjhirsch
> 
> > On Nov 3, 2015, at 11:20 AM, Benjamin Young <bigbluehat@hypothes.is <mailto:bigbluehat@hypothes.is>> wrote:
> >
> > Thanks for starting this discussion, Randall! One thought inline below.
> >
> > On Thu, Oct 29, 2015 at 9:52 AM, Jacob Jett <jgjett@gmail.com <mailto:jgjett@gmail.com>> wrote:
> > Hi Randall,
> >
> > Apologies if my responses have seemed a bit curt. I am just frustrated by all of the use case-fu that seems to be bogging us down. Remarks in-line.
> >
> > On Wed, Oct 28, 2015 at 5:38 PM, Randall Leeds
> > It is exactly this interpretation of motivations that I would like to specify so that the interpretation is not idiosyncratic but normative.
> >
> > I'm pretty certain that's a bad idea. No one is actually going to agree on the scope and meaning of 'comment', 'remark', 'bookmark', etc. Part of the problem is that while there is obvious overlap with these concepts and the concept of an annotation it isn't clear at all that all comments are annotations. Counter-examples exist. For instance, if you and I are discussing a baseball game and I comment on the performance of the pitcher, it is difficult to assert that I also annotated the pitcher's performance.
> >
> > It seems to me that annotations are limited to recorded discourse but comments have no such limitation.
> >
> > There is also the issue of contingent facts. That the body of an annotation plays the role of a comment is a contingent fact to the whole of the annotation. We can imagine a universe where the body plays some other role in the context of the annotation yet the particular content of the annotation has remained the same, e.g., the body plays the role of explanation. How would we decide when to use a comment predicate instead of an explanation predicate? Isn't relatedTo a simpler relationship?
> >
> > I believe that reifying that interpretation results in a dataset that is eminently more consistent with how I would like to query it in practice, e.g. ask a server for <Article, comment, ?> and get back all the objects (structure of which are unspecified, as per the extensibility we've both pointed to).
> >
> > This is a very brittle form of retrieval. You're reduced to hunting for the string label of a particular predicate. This is not a semantic query and is going to both miss pertinent results and retrieve non-relevant results. At least with a query like <?, motivatedBy, <commenting>> you might have a chance of grabbing annotations whose conceptual relationships between body and target are related to the motivation represented by the string "commenting".
> >
> > I don't see that anywhere in the model specification, unless you infer some particular relatedTo predicate from an arbitrary vocabulary from the English language description, "conveys that the body is related to the target".
> >
> > That is indeed it. The entire model is built around this inference (to the point that I'd hardly call it an inference).
> >
> > Keep in mind that reasoners do not just rely on the model but also whatever inferencing rules the programmer sees fit to add in. My interpretation of the English in the introduction is that body relatedTo target is a valid inference. Within my own domain I can also easily argue that inferring motivation subclassOf relatedTo is a valid interpretation (I would actually go so far as to use the predicate 'annotates'), especially if it serves some search retrieval function. However it's not so easy to argue that this should be the normative interpretation because myCommunity:Commenting =/= oa:Commenting. It's actually difficult to say with authority what was the user intention unless I'm operating in an annotation system that only allows its annotators one or two intentions.
> >
> > In our current model this is not true, and that's why I raised this thread.
> >
> > For very practical reasons, anyone storing annotations in a triple store will do so as a named graph. It makes retrieval, search, and serialization much easier. If one doesn't store it this way (with regards to graph databases anyway) then one quickly runs into one of RDF's worst decidability problems -- document composition.
> >
> > The annotation is the root of a contiguous graph fragment. It cannot, for example, convey disjoint subgraphs. It is not a dataset, it is a particular resource.
> >
> > You're right, it's not a set and set theoretic approaches won't work. It is, however, structured data. One of the primary drawbacks to RDF is that there are no clear boundaries where a document may begin or end. I believe that this is by design -- RDF is not a document language. It's an information language and an open problem that has not been resolved to my knowledge is how to compose the information in the graph into a human-readable document. This problem can be attenuated (but not fixed) by storing particular graph fragments as named graphs
> >
> > I still don't understand why those motivations are not themselves, or do not imply normative relations, between the bodies and targets.
> >
> > Because it's hard to make that leap. The particular role a body plays in relation to a target beyond annotating is very difficult to establish. It's hard for me to picture an annotation client that successfully captures such granular information. You're not likely to get the information from the end user, yet you're in the awkward position of trying to capture the intention with the annotation. Motivation at least abstracts it away to the point that only the motivation might be incorrect. If you collapse the annotation node into the wrong predicate then the entire graph fragment becomes false (or really that assertion is false and everything related to it moot).
> >
> > This bit, about it being hard to "make that leap"--to get the user to make or imply a normative relation between bodies and targets is probably the core reason why we have this "new thing" called Annotation (vs. "just RDF") and why that thing doesn't include (yet?) a place to directly relate the body and target.
> >
> > The one question now buzzing in my brain is whether we should provide at least an appendix that points to how one might make an Annotation which also includes triples that *do* directly relate the body and target.
> >
> > This is perhaps doable already using something like `@graph` in JSON-LD or by simply mixing in more statements on either the `body` or `target`.
> >
> > I do think we avoid "polluting" the global graph with (very) likely to be incorrect content by *not* simply making annotation === to RDF.
> >
> > RDF is certainly annotation, but I think this thing we're creating here does serve a purpose which is deliberately "non-committal" in the world of graphs by sitting somewhat along side of it rather than having the requirement of relating body and target at every step.
> >
> > However, I'd love to see a proposal written up for some of our examples that show what you're thinking done either separate from (or counter to) the Web Annotation Data Model as well as expanding the Data Model such that direct relationships between body and target could also be encoded and packaged along with the other bits.
> >
> > That last option--of expanding the model to include encoding arbitrary, relationships between body and target--seems specifically valuable in relation to oa:identifying, oa:describing, and oa:classifying motivations.
> >
> > It may be this is already possible, and I've just missed it, but if it's not, I think Randall's on to something useful here, and I'd love to see it explored by anyone interested enough to write a wiki page and some more email. ;)
> >
> > Thanks again for posting this, Randall, and for your input, Jacob! Good stuff. :)
> >
> > Cheers!
> > Benjamin
> > --
> > Developer Advocate
> > http://hypothes.is/ <http://hypothes.is/>
> >
> >
> > The annotation provides a subject for extended attributes about the activity, I'm still just asking why one of those attributes, which is about the reason for relating the bodies and targets, cannot be interpreted in a consistent way to imply a particular relation.
> >
> > The key is "consistent". I don't believe it's possible. People do not mean the same thing when the use the same word. Even a term like "tagging" easily becomes overloaded if we believe it indicates something about the content of the body, e.g., its a simple string mono- or bi-gram as opposed to a URL.
> >
> > Regards,
> >
> > Jacob
> >
> >
> 
> 
> 


----
Ivan Herman, W3C
Digital Publishing Lead
Home: http://www.w3.org/People/Ivan/
mobile: +31-641044153
ORCID ID: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0782-2704