Re: subsumption in KR

Very short and brutal debunking of mathematics as a form of knowledge
representation.

https://zbmath.org/static/msc2020.pdf

Page 175-Computer Science, Chapter 68-XX
Page 177, Artificial Intelligence, Chapter 68Txx: 68T30- Knowledge
Representation.

I hope it is now satisfactorily settled.

Milton Ponson
Rainbow Warriors Core Foundation
CIAMSD Institute-ICT4D Program
+2977459312
PO Box 1154, Oranjestad
Aruba, Dutch Caribbean

On Sat, Nov 29, 2025, 11:46 Paola Di Maio <paola.dimaio@gmail.com> wrote:

> I would normally not commen on statements about mathematics because as
> stated in previous posts here we are concerned
> with NL
>
> However, if it helps, a reminder that it is what is generally accepted,
>
>
> 1. maths is  type of KR
> 2. is not NL KR *which is what we use in LLM
>
> Subsumption
> Subsumption is a key concept in knowledge representation, ontology design,
> and logic-based AI. It describes a “is-a” hierarchical relationship where
> one concept is more general and another is more specific.
> mathematics *is* a knowledge representation *although it may be
> understood or defined in other ways because  it provides:
>
>    -
>
>    Formal symbols (numbers, variables, operators)
>    -
>
>    Structured syntax (equations, functions, relations)
>    -
>
>    Precise semantics (well-defined meanings)
>    -
>
>    Inference rules (logical deduction, proof)
>
> and much more not related to what we are discussing here
>
>
>  Other views may also exist, in the vast universe of discourse, that may
> or may not contribute to the discussions in hand.
> .
>
>