Re: definitions, problem spaces, methods

Dave perhaps you could post a few examples of non symbolic KR so that we
can get our heads around
such a thing-
Please note that my postulate shared on this list
https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-aikr/2019Aug/0045.html
states that

To support AI explainability, learnability,verifiability and
reproducibility, it is postulated that
for each MLA *machine learning algorithm,
there should correspond a natural language expression or other type of
symbolic knowledge representation

https://figshare.com/articles/poster/A_New_Postulate_for_Knowledge_Representation_in_AI/9730268/2

was also slightly reworded in different presentations

On Mon, Nov 7, 2022 at 5:45 PM Dave Raggett <dsr@w3.org> wrote:

> The statement *“We can only pursue artificial intelligence via symbolic
> means” *is false, since artificial neural networks eschew symbols, and
> have been at the forefront of recent advances in AI.  I therefore prefer
> the Wikipedia definition of KR which is less restrictive:
>
> “Knowledge representation and reasoning (KRR, KR&R, KR) is the field of
> artificial intelligence (AI) dedicated to representing information about
> the world in a form that a computer system can use to solve complex tasks”
>
>
> See: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledge_representation_and_reasoning
>
> On 7 Nov 2022, at 03:03, Mike Bergman <mike@mkbergman.com> wrote:
>
> Hi All,
>
> It is always useful to have a shared understanding within a community for
> what defines its interests and why they have shared interests as a
> community. I applaud putting these questions out there. Like all W3C
> community groups, we have both committed students and occasional grazers.
> One can generally gauge usefulness of a given topic in a given group by the
> range of respondents to a given topic. Persistence seems to be more a
> function of specific interlocuters not letting go rather than usefulness.
>
> After researching what became a book to consider the matter, I came to the
> opinion that AI is a subset of KR [1]. The conclusion of that investigation
> was:
>
> "However, when considered, mainly using prescission, it becomes clear that
> KR
> can exist without artificial intelligence, but AI requires knowledge
> representation.
> * We can only pursue artificial intelligence via symbolic means*, and KR
> is the transla -
> tion of information into a symbolic form to instruct a computer. Even if
> the com-
> puter learns on its own, we represent that information in symbolic KR
> form. This
> changed premise for the role of KR now enables us to think, perhaps, in
> broader
> terms, such as including the ideas of instinct and kinesthetics in the
> concept. This
> kind of re-consideration alters the speculative grammar we have for both
> KR and AI,
> helpful as we move the fields forward." (p 357)
>
> That also caused me to pen a general commentary on one aspect of the KR
> challenge, how to consider classes (types) versus individuals (tokens) [2].
> I would also argue these are now practically informed topics, among many,
> that augment or question older bibles like Brachman and Levesque.
>
> Best, Mike
> [1] https://www.mkbergman.com/pubs/akrp/chapter-17.pdf
> [2]
> https://www.mkbergman.com/2286/knowledge-representation-is-a-tricky-business/
>
> --
> __________________________________________
>
> Michael K. Bergman
> 319.621.5225http://mkbergman.comhttp://www.linkedin.com/in/mkbergman
> __________________________________________
>
>
> Dave Raggett <dsr@w3.org>
>
>
>
>