Fetching http:// URIs over TLS by default

Hi all,

I was looking at the behavior of several popular websites in the context of
HSTS and DNS hijacking[1]. It seems like these attacks rely on the
relatively-benign security UI of clear-text HTTP pages, the fact that
browsers will send HTTP traffic in the absence of HSTS information, and the
fact that several popular sites still serve redirects to TLS URIs over port
80. That last part is particularly problematic, because a rogue DNS server
can point at an address that will serve a malicious 200 response, and
rewrite links on the served page. (I found several banks serving redirects
from port 80...)

I read the "opportunistic encryption" RFC[2], but the proposal in the
subject line seems different. I had two ideas:

1) Start marking any domain that is one label + a tld as insecure if served
over http. So, "foo.co.jp" would be marked as insecure over http, but "
foo.bar.co.jp" would not. Obviously, this could be ratcheted up over time.

2) Allow domains to opt-in to HSTS out-of-band, like in software updates
for an OS. This idea seems intriguing, because it would seem to improve
security as participants join, unlike a TLS trusted-root store.

Of course, other approaches, like DoH/DoT and DNSSEC, would attack this
problem from a different angle. Also, I'm not sure if this group is the
right place to propose this idea.

thanks,
Rob

[1]
https://www.ixiacom.com/company/blog/paypal-netflix-gmail-and-uber-users-among-targets-new-wave-dns-hijacking-attacks

[2] https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8164