Yep, not having access to the tools the web was based on is a problem. There are a few approaches to solutions: The HTML working group has produced a specification called Xframes, that is meant to solve most of the problems of frames. The Xsmiles browser (an open source project from Helsinki University of Technology) actually implemented it recently I believe - http://www.xsmiles.org to find out for sure what they do. But I wouldn't rely on it just yet... You can use object (or for that matter img) to include content in a page. However, it is not well defined how that content should then interact with the rest of the page - again there has been work in the area, leading to the Component Extension requirements - http://www.w3.org/TR/CX - here the problem is that Microsoft don't seem to be very interested in the modular architecture other major players would like to see available. Maybe it has something to do with their "we want to control everything on your desk, and the devil take the bugs" approach to architecture. They also have a pretty bad implementation of object, insisting that you use a particular plugin for some type of code, rather than letting you choose the one that suits your needs. So this isn't likely to help in the short term as a mass-market solution either. Another possible solution is to look for a local tool. HTML grinder is a little shareware macintosh application that does search and replace across directories, so if your blocks are exact matches textually you can use that (there are windows versions, and in Unix it is pretty common to make this kind of thing as a shell/sed script). Many years ago I used it on sites built for CD, where everything had to be a static page without using frames, and was very happy with it. But as you say it is hard to use a rich medium with no tools. I try to be a rich man without money, and that doesn't seem to work either... best Charles On Tuesday, Jul 15, 2003, at 00:16 Europe/Zurich, Jonathan Chetwynd wrote: The problem, however, still exists for those people without any type of content management solution. It's tedious and ineffective to update the <
section of every top-level page of their site. If you don't have PHP, a content management solution, or something, anything, you're in trouble. For those of us with little to no control over the server itself, and can basically only put up .html pages that are just straight html (no server-side anything), we are in trouble. I've been unable to find a way to have the User Agent to "pull in" or import an additional html file, or content, or whatever, in much the same way as the User Agent requests an external css file with the appropriate code placed neatly in the headers. -- Charles McCathieNevile Fundación Sidar charles@sidar.org http://www.sidar.org