Understanding Guideline 3.1 L1 SC2
Techniques for meeting Guideline 3.1 L1 SC2
Benefits and Examples of Guideline 3.1 L1 SC2
A mechanism for finding the expanded form of acronyms and abbreviations is available.
Note: This success criterion is in DRAFT form. It is presented to the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines Working Group as a formal proposal, but it has not earned the consensus of the Working Group, and it does not appear in the current Public Working Draft at http://www.w3.org/tr/wcag20. It is presented here for discussion only. It must not be cited as a normative reference.
[WCAG definition of text goes here]
Ready for use or service; usable
[Note: The baseline impact analysis for guidelines and SC recommended that the phrase “is available]” be used in this and a number of other SC as a way to describe a “functional outcome.” I am concerned that the phrase is vague and subject to intentional misinterpretation—e.g., a mechanism is available but we didn’t implement it.” To avoid this, we may want to consider changing “mechanism is available” to something like “mechanism has been implemented” or “is available to the user.”]
An acronym is a word made from the initial letters of a name that contains several words. For example, NOAA is a word made from the initial letters of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration in the United States. SNCF is a French acronym that contains the initial letters of the Societe National des Chemins de Fer, the French national railroad.
An abbreviation is the shortened form of a word. For example, “Dr.” is the abbreviation for the English word “doctor.” “M.” is the abbreviation for the French word “Monsieur.”
The intent of this success criterion is to ensure that users can access the expanded form of acronymns and abbreviations.
This success criterion applies when text content includes acronyms or abbreviations. (Some languages do not create acronyms.)
There are several ways to address this success criterion.
• Provide a form that searches an online dictionary of acronyms in the language of the content. • Include a dictionary of acronyms and/or a glossary of acronyms and abbreviations in a “dictionary cascade,” a list of dictionaries and other references to search for definitions of words or phrases the user has selected. This technique attaches a list of dictionaries to a delivery unit so that users can find definitions for all words in the text. The “cascade” lists the dictionaries and other reference materials in the order most likely to bring up the right definition. This controls the order to follow when searching for definitions. (See the Guide to GL 3.1 L2 SC1 for additional information.) • Provide the expansion of each acronym or abbreviation the first time it appears in the delivery unit. Note: If there are no online acronym dictionaries for the language of the content, authors will need to do at least one of the following: • Provide a glossary of acronyms and abbreviations used in the content. • Provide the expanded form of each acronym or abbreviation the first time it appears in the delivery unit. Technology-Specific Techniques for Guideline 3.1 L1 SC2 HTML Techniques • Acronyms • Abbreviations Advisory techniques: going beyond Guideline 3.1 L1 SC2 • Use visual formatting to help users recognize acronyms and abbreviations. • Provide access to a talking dictionary, to support users who might have difficulty decoding written definitions. • Provide a voice-enabled dictionary search, so that users who have difficulty typing or spelling can speak the word whose definition they need. Benefits and Examples Benefits: How Guideline 3.1 L1 SC2 Helps People with Disabilities This success criterion helps people whose disabilities make reading difficult or impossible. These include: • People with learning disabilities or cognitive limitations that impair the ability to read • People with low vision. Screen magnification may reduce contextual cues. • People with memory loss This success criterion also helps people with disabilities that affect their ability to recognize words as well as their ability to use context to aid understanding. Acronyms and abbreviations may confuse these readers in different ways: • Some acronyms spell common words, but are used in different ways. For example, “JAWS” is an acronym for a screen reader whose full name is “Job Access with Speech.” It is also a common English word referring to the part of the mouth that holds the teeth. The acronym is used differently than the common word. • Some acronyms sound like common words but are spelled differently. For example, the acronym for Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language, S M I L, is pronounced like the English word “smile.” • Some abbreviations do not look like normal words and cannot be pronounced according to the usual rules of the language. For example, the English word “room” is abbreviated as “rm,” which does not correspond to any English word or phoneme. The user has to know that “rm” is an abbreviation for the word “room” in order to say it correctly. • Sometimes the same abbreviation means different things in different contexts. For example, in the English sentence “Dr. Johnson lives on Boswell Dr.,” the first “Dr.” is an abbreviation for “Doctor” and the second instance is an abbreviation for the word “Drive” (a word that means “street”). Users must be able to understand the context in order to know what the abbreviations mean. Examples of Guideline 3.1 L1 SC2 Example 1: A dictionary search form. A Web site includes a search form provided by an online acronym service. Users enter an acronym and the form returns a list of possible expansions from the sources that it searched. Example 2: A medical Web site. A medical website provides information for both doctors and patients. The site includes a set of cascading dictionaries. A very specialized medical dictionary is first, followed by a second medical dictionary for the general public. The cascade also includes a list of acronyms and abbreviations that are unique to the site, and finally there is a standard dictionary as well. The standard dictionary at the end of the list provides definitions for most words in the text. The specialized medical dictionary yields definitions of unusual medical terms. Definitions for words that appear in more than one dictionary are listed in the order of the cascade. The meaning of acronyms and abbreviations is provided by the list of acronyms and abbreviations. Example 3: An abbreviation whose expansion is provided the first time the abbreviation appears in the content. The name, World Wide Web Consortium,” appears as the first heading on the organization’s home page. The abbreviation, “W3C,” is enclosed in parentheses in the same heading.