4.4 Policy Intersection

Policy intersection is useful when two or more parties express policy and want to limit the policy alternatives to those that are mutually compatible. For example, when a requester and a provider express requirements on a message exchange, intersection identifies compatible policy alternatives (if any) included in both requester and provider policies. Intersection is a commutative, associative function that takes two policies and returns a policy.

Because the set of behaviors indicated by a policy alternative depends on the domain-specific semantics of the collected assertions, determining whether two policy alternatives are compatible generally involves domain-specific processing. As a first approximation, an algorithm is defined herein that approximates compatibility in a domain-independent manner; specifically, for two policy alternatives to be compatible, they must at least have the same vocabulary (see Section 3.2 Policy Alternative).

• Two policy assertions are compatible if they have the same type and
• If either assertion contains a nested policy expression, the two assertions are compatible if they both have a nested policy expression and the alternative in the nested policy expression of one is compatible with the alternative in the nested policy expression of the other.

Assertion parameters are not part of the compatibility determination defined herein but may be part of other, domain-specific compatibility processing.

• Two policy alternatives are compatible if each assertion in one is compatible with an assertion in the other, and vice-versa. If two alternatives are compatible, their intersection is an alternative containing all of the assertions in both alternatives.
• Two policies are compatible if an alternative in one is compatible with an alternative in the other. If two policies are compatible, their intersection is the set of the intersections between all pairs of compatible alternatives, choosing one alternative from each policy. If two policies are not compatible, their intersection has no policy alternatives.