TBX Ontology
This ontology describes some of the elements defined in the TBX (TermBase eXchange) format (ISO 30042), a system for the exchange of terminological data. This description is not complete, is not normative and is not supported by ISO or any other organization whatsoever. It is an initative of Universtät Bielefeld and Universidad Politécnica de Madrid in the framework of the Lider project (http://www.lider-project.eu)
A link used to identify a relation between a term that is an abbreviated form, and its full or expanded form. It may be coupled with a target attribute to point to the entry of the full or expanded form. For example, the term WWW could have the following tag to point to its full form: World Wide Web . The actual content of the element would be the text World Wide Web, which allows the user to see what term is the full form of the current term without having to go to the location of the full form in the file (the location would normally be somewhere within the current entry, since the abbreviated form and the full form represent the same concept). The element content shall be expressed in basicText. The identification of a relation between an abbreviated term and its full form indicates which term in a terminological entry is the full form of the abbreviated term. In many languages, English abbreviations are commonly used, but the English full form may be avoided in favor of an equivalent full form in the language in question. In this case, the English abbreviation and the target language full form will both appear in the target language section of the entry.
A concept that is opposite in meaning to the concept in the subject.
A term that designates a concept that is opposite in meaning to the subject term.
A concept that exhibits a relation to the subject concept that can be established on the basis of non-hierarchical thematic connections.
A concept two or more levels of abstraction higher than subject concept. Generic relations between concepts are "is-a" relations. This means that the narrower concept "is an" instance of its broader generic concept. For example, a dog is a canine animal, and a canine animal is a mammal. Therefore, mammal is a broader generic concept for dog.
A concept two or more levels of abstraction higher than subject concept in a part-whole or meronymic hierarchical concept system. For example, a floor board is part of a house (broader partitive concept), but it can be more narrowly defined as being part of the floor (superordinate partitive concept), which in turn is part of the house. Partitive relations between concepts are "has-a" relations. This means that the broader partitive concept "has" its narrower concepts as parts of itself.
The position of a concept in a concept system.
A concept having the same nearest superordinate concept as the subject concept.
A notation indicating the location of an external contextual resource.
A pointer to another related location, such as another entry or another term.
A data-category that, through the value of its target attribute, indicates the preferred translation of the term in the <term> element of the current <tig> from among the available translations in the entry. The target attribute should point to the identifier of the <tig> corresponding to the target term. In the case of the values monodirectional and bidirectional, the target term is the preferred term. The content of the <termNote> element when it has a type attribute value of 'directionality' indicates the scope of directionality, and shall be one of the following: •monodirectional: The translation is only preferred going from the source language (current <tig> to the target language (target <tig>). •bidirectional: The translation is preferred in both directions, i.e. the term in the target <tig> is a preferred translation of the term in the current <tig> and vice-versa. •incommensurate: The relation between the term in the current <tig> and the term in the target <tig> as translations is imperfect and should be used with care. In this case, the concepts are not equal. A <termNote type="transferComment"> should be used to provide information about the difference between the concepts. •undetermined: The scope of directionality has not been determined. Comment: not a binary property, needs a type in addition to a Term as range.
A term or other terminological resource that is external to the terminological database or TBX document instance.
A term in another language that appears to be semantically or morphologically similar to the subject term in the entry, but that does not represent the same concept. For example, in French, the term réaliser means "to accomplish", and therefore, it is a false friend of the English term realize (i.e. to become conscious of).
A word that is spelled like the subject term in the entry, but that has a different meaning, and origin. Homographs are terms that have the same written form, but are derived from different etymological origins, for example, a port for boats and a port for computer peripherals.
A concept that has an associative relation to another concept, such as teacher and school.
A concept that is broader at some level with respect to a related or associated concept, but without comprising any reference to a generic or partitive system.
A concept that is narrower at some level with respect to a related or associated concept, but without comprising any reference to a generic or partitive system.
An element that points to a location where additional information can be found.
A concept that has a relation to the subject concept based on spatial or temporal proximity. Temporal relations and spatial relations can be sequential.
A linking element used to identify a relation between the subject term when it is a short form, and its full or expanded form.
A concept that has a relation of dependence with the subject concept, referring to objects based on their relative physical positions.
A concept that has a generic relation with the subject concept, and a broader intension.
A concept that has a partitive relation with the subject concept, and represents one of the parts of the subject concept.
A concept that has a generic relation with the subject concept, and a narrower intension.
A concept that has a partitive relation with the subject concept, and represents the sum of the parts; a comprehensive concept.
A concept related to the subject concept through a sequential relation involving events in time.
The term in a thesaurus that can be used to represent a concept in a terminological entry.
A mathematical concept expressed in MathML.
An external source of information such as the source of a definition or context sentence.
assigns administrative information to a Term, TerminologicalConcept OR Lexicon
The status of a term within a certain working environment. The allowed values for this property are: •admittedTerm-admn-sts •deprecatedTerm-admn-sts •legalTerm-admn-sts •preferredTerm-admn-sts •regulatedTerm-admn-sts •standardizedTerm-admn-sts •supersededTerm-admn-sts
The characteristic of a word indicating that in a given discourse community, its referent is considered to be alive or to possess a quality of volition or consciousness. The value of animacy shall be one of: animate, inanimate, otherAnimacy.
A note that can be coupled with an <adminNote> element to indicate the source of the note or other administrative information about the note. If no source or additional information about the note is required, use the <note> element.
An identifier that indicates that the parent element to which it applies is associated with a specific application. The content shall be in plainText.
A name or other identifier of an audio file: sound, spoken words, music, or other audible representations used to illustrate or explain terms or concepts.
An identifier that indicates that the parent element to which it applies is associated with a specific department, division, or other unit of an enterprise. The content shall be in plainText.
An abstraction of a property of an object or of a set of objects. For example, flammability is a characteristic of fuel. Essential characteristics can be used to define concepts. The element content shall be in plainText.
that is, they must be obtained from an existing source, and not created by the terminologist. Contexts are documented very frequently in terminology collections. Contexts can provide information for determining term usage and collocations. In TBX, the context as a term-related data-category. A context can be further categorized according to context type.
The characterization of a context according to a set of theoretical or pragmatic types; the value of 'contextType' shall be one of the following: •definingContext •explanatoryContext •associativeContext •linguisticContext •metalinguisticContext •translatedContext
An identifier that indicates that the parent element to which it applies is associated with a specific customer. The content shall be in plainText.
An identifier that indicates the type of database from which the parent element originated. This element should normally occur at the <termEntry> level because typically entire entries originate from or are imported from another database. The content shall be in plainText.
A representation of a concept by a descriptive statement which serves to differentiate that concept from related concepts.
The characterization of a definition according to a set of theoretical or pragmatic types. The content of the <descripNote> element when it has a type attribute value of 'definitionType' shall be one of the following: •intensionalDefinition •extensionalDefinition •partitiveDefinition •translatedDefinition
Subject field specialist who provides information for a terminological entry, such as a definition or target language equivalent.
A value indicating the level of completeness and accuracy of an element (field, record, entry) within a terminological collection. The element <admin> when its type attribute has the value 'elementWorkingStatus' shall contain one of the following values: •starterElement •workingElement •consolidatedElement •archiveElement •importedElement •exportedElement
A database or file from which the entry was imported. The content shall be in plainText.
An identifier that indicates a specific computer environment that the parent element is associated with. The content shall be in plainText.
Information on the origin of a word and the development of its meaning. The element content shall be expressed in noteText
A text which illustrates a concept or a term, by providing an example of the object designated by the concept or term, and not necessarily containing the concept designation itself. Some databases use example as a label for contextual references.
A statement that describes and clarifies a concept and makes it understandable, but does not necessarily differentiate it from other concepts.
A name or other description of a diagram, picture, or other graphic material used to illustrate a concept or group of concepts.
The relative commonness with which a term occurs. The assessment of frequency of a term can be based on subjective criteria, or it can reflect computer analysis of text corpora.
A code identifying any specific geographical area where the term is used, for instance, to differentiate between UK English and US English. Preferred values are language codes combined with geographical codes, from IETF RFC 4646 or its successor, as identified in IETF BCP 47. For example: en-US for American English. The element content shall be expressed in plainText.
The gender of the word. Values shall be one of: masculine, feminine, neuter, or otherGender.
A property of a term that indicates the number of objects referred to by the term. Values shall be one of: singular, plural, dual, mass, or otherNumber. For example, the terms rice and bread are mass nouns because there are no separate singular and plural forms. NOTE If the singular and the plural forms of a term do not designate the same concept, they should be recorded in separate entries.
The range of syntactic elements either required or permitted by a lexical unit. The valency of eat includes a subject ("I" in "I am eating") and an object ("cheese" in "I am eating cheese".) It can thus be said to be "bivalent".
indicates the parts of a term as it would be hyphenated, such as at the end of a line, according to a given set of rules.
A qualifier assigned to a provisional term within a language planning or descriptive terminology environment. Values shall be one of: recommendedTerm, nonstandardizedTerm, proposedTerm, or newTerm.
indicates the base form of the term or of the individual words that it comprises. A base form of a word or term, sometimes called a lemma, is the form that is used as the formal dictionary entry for the term. For nouns, the base form is frequently the nominative singular form (in languages that show variation by case). For adjectives it is the positive form of the adjective, as opposed to the comparative, and in some languages it is uninflected, whereas in others it is the masculine singular. For verbs, it is generally the infinitive.
(Localization hot key) The letter in a word that acts as a hotkey in a computer application. A hotkey is a key or a combination of keys on a computer keyboard that, when pressed at one time, performs a task (such as starting an application) as an alternative to using a mouse or other input device. Hotkeys are supported by many operating systems and applications. The hotkey is indicated by an ampersand in the term in software interface files, and by an underscore in the actual visual display.
used to assign a Term or TerminologicalConcept to some logical partition of the resource; currently a datatype property; should better be a object property, leading to the introduction of URIs for the partition or subset
indicates the individual morphemes that comprise the term.
A term status qualifier assigned by an authoritative body, such as a standards body or a governmental entity with a regulatory function. Values shall be one of: •standardizedTerm •preferredTerm •admittedTerm •deprecatedTerm •supersededTerm •legalTerm •regulatedTerm
The database from which the parent element originated. The content shall be in plainText.
An institution (i.e., company, government agency, etc.) that provided the information in the parent element. The content shall be in plainText.
An individual who provided the information in the parent element. The content shall be in plainText.
Any binary data not covered by the categories figure, audio, video, and table.
A category assigned to a word based on its grammatical and semantic properties. For example: noun, verb, or adjective. For example, the following values are permitted in the TBX-Basic TML: •noun •verb •adjective •adverb •properNoun •other
The status of a term with respect to its advancement within the terminology management process.
An identifier assigned to a term, record, or entry to indicate that it is related to or used in a product. The content shall be in plainText, and preferably one of a predefined set of picklist values.
An identifier assigned to a term, record, or entry to indicate that it is related to or used in a project. The content shall be in plainText, and preferably one of a predefined set of picklist values.
The representation of the manner by which a term is spoken. In TBX, pronunciation shall be represented in the International Phonetic Alphabet. A given term can have more than one pronunciation depending on the geographical area in which the term is used.
A restriction placed on a term for the purpose of protecting the right of an organization to the exclusive use of the term. Values shall be one of: trademark, serviceMark or tradeName.
A measurable quantity associated with a concept.
The pair of limits within which a quantity is measured, as expressed by stating the lower and upper permissible values.
Classification indicating the level of language assigned to a term. valid values shall be one of: •colloquialRegister •neutralRegister •technicalRegister •in-houseRegister •bench-levelRegister •slangRegister •vulgarRegister
The name of a person or entity associated with a terminology management transaction.
A sentence composed (frequently by a terminologist or language planner) to illustrate the use of a term in cases where an authentic context is unavailable. Although contextual information should ideally be taken from actual texts written in the language in question, such contextual references may not exist for newly coined or suggested terms.
A classification of a term, record, or entry indicating that its distribution is restricted for security reasons. Sometimes, terms are not released to the public until the material that uses the term (product, service, etc.) is released to the public. Until that time, this element serves to protect the data from distribution. The element <admin> when its type attribute has the value 'securitySubset' shall contain one of the following values: •public •confidential
A complete citation of the source of the information in the parent element.
A pointer to a bibliographic entry that contains information about the source of the parent element.
A property describing the source text, i.e. whether it is actual parallel text (text that is equivalent to text in another language) or background material. The content of the <adminNote> element when it has a type attribute value of 'sourceType' shall be one of the following: •parallelText •backgroundText
A field of special knowledge. Subject fields can be expressed in multiple levels, for example: Subject field (level 1): disease, Subject field (level 2): cancer, Subject field (level 3): non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Subject fields shall be expressed in plainText, and preferably be selected from a defined set of picklist values.
The owner of the subset of terminological entries to which this entry belongs. The content shall be in plainText.
indicates the individual syllables that comprise the term
The name of a table that is used to describe a concept.
A property of a term with respect to its use over time. Values shall be one of: archaicTerm, outdatedTerm, obsoleteTerm.
indicates any other logically significant portion of the term
A location in a document, computer file, or other information medium, where the term frequently occurs, such as a user interface object (in software), a packaging element, a component in an industrial process, and so forth. The element content shall be expressed in plainText, and preferably be restricted to a set of picklist values. The following picklist values are recommended for software user interface locations in a Windows environment. •checkBox •comboBox •comboBoxElement •dialogBox •groupBox •informativeMessage •interactiveMessage •menuItem •progressBar •pushButton •radioButton •slider •spinBox •tab •tableText •textBox •toolTip •user-definedType
Classification of a term according to the methodology employed in creating the term. Values shall be one of: transdisciplinaryBorrowing, translingualBorrowing, loanTranslation, or neologism.
The structure of the components of a term, indicated using square brackets. For example, e.g. : [bank statement] [total] versus [bank] [statement total].
A categorization of a term with respect to formal representations of terms or where or how they are used, for example, acronym. Values shall be one of the following: •abbreviation •acronym •clippedTerm •commonName •entryTerm •equation •formula •fullForm •initialism •internationalism •internationalScientificTerm •logicalExpression •partNumber •phraseologicalUnit •transcribedForm •transliteratedForm •shortForm •shortcut •sku •standardText •string •symbol •synonym •synonymousPhrase •variant Refer to ISO 12620 for definitions of the above term types. The value shortcut refers to a string that acts as a keyboard shortcut on computers, for example, Ctrl + V is a term that represents a keyboard shortcut for the concept of paste.
The indication of a period of time during or since which a term was or has been subject to specified usage. For example, several European countries have redefined the requirements for certain university degrees in recent years. If, for instance, the requirements for a baccalaureate degree changed from three to four years in 1993, then any terminology entry defining the term used to designate this degree would have to specify the time restriction affecting the definition, which would be different before 1993 and after 1993. The element content shall be expressed in plainText.
A record that indicates the stage of the entry within the overall process of creation, approval, and use of a terminology entry.
Note included in a term entry providing information on the degree of equivalence, directionality or other special features affecting equivalence between a term in one language and another term in a second language.
A precisely-specified quantity in terms of which the magnitudes of other quantities can be stated, such as meter or volt.
The number of times an entry has been accessed.
A note containing information on the usage of the term.
A name or other description of recorded visual images used to represent or illustrate terminological information.
A subclass of lexical entry representing a term as the language-specific realization of a TerminologicalConcept.
Representing a process that led to the creation, update or modification of a term.