mobileOK Pro Tests Version 1

x.x Name

Note to BPWG:

None

Limitations of this test:

None

Differences to mobileOK Basic Tests:

This test does not exist in mobileOK Basic Tests.

Pseudo code:

None

[Pass]

[Warn]

[Fail]

Examples:

None

Open issues:

None

4 Tests

4.1 Access Keys

Note to BPWG:

• The BP does not say anything about listing which access keys are being used.
• The recommend form of the access key (numeric 1 vs. alpha-numeric “abc”) is not mentioned. Should this Pro test go further than BP and encourage the use of numeric access keys?

Limitations of this test:

This test does not exist in mobileOK Basic Tests.

Pseudo code:

Where there are elements, particularly navigation links and form controls, that would benefit from access keys:

• If access keys are not assigned: [FAIL]
• If access keys are not indicated effectively: [FAIL]
• If the usage of access keys is not consistent across a given page and site: [FAIL]

Examples:

• Hyperlinks may be easily decorated with access keys by presenting them in an ordered list where the access code is equivalent to the list position (and is usually numeric).
• Form control labels may underline the relevant access key
• A quick reference guide to access keys may be available at the bottom of the page (NOT on a separate page).

Open issues:

One might argue what benefits and what doesn’t?

To be more explicit - if you have navigation options and/or form controls, there should be access keys.

4.4 Background Image readability

Note to BPWG:

None

Limitations of this test:

This test does extend to users with visual impairment. The Web Content Accessibility Quick Reference offers more advice on this topic.

Differences to mobileOK Basic Tests:

This test does not exist in mobileOK Basic Tests, but it is worth noting that the DDC does support background images which are part of CSS 1.

Pseudo code:

Where there is a background image, if perceiving content in the foreground is not easy under normal daylight conditions: [FAIL]

Examples:

• Pink is easily lost on this background
• Yellow is practically not legible on this background
• But this is much better

Open issues:

Should we include a reference to the WCAG 2.0 techniques? If so, did Alan choose the right one?

4.5 Balance

Note to BPWG:

None

Limitations of this test:

This test is highly dependent on context. Some content, such as site maps, online encyclopedias and other reference materials may warrant a high link density. As the scrolling action on many mobile devices selects each link in turn, however, including a lot of links on a single page can easily create an unsatisfactory user experience.

Differences to mobileOK Basic Tests:

This test does not exist in mobileOK Basic Tests.

Pseudo code:

Unless the primary purpose of the content is navigation, such as a site map, or the user could readily want to persue links to further resources in an unpredictable manner:

If the page contains more than 30 links: [FAIL]

Examples:

None

Open issues:

None

4.6 Device Capabilities

Note to BPWG:

None

Limitations of this test:

This test cannot cover all the possible capabilities that might be found in devices. However, it is usually possible to detect presentation that is artificially constrained by the limited and largely hypothetical Default Delivery Context. Unlike the DDC, many real devices support scripting, XML HTTP requests, DOM capabilities, cookies and CSS including media queries. Furthermore most current devices have screens well in excess of 120 pixels wide

Differences to mobileOK Basic Tests:

This test does not exist in mobileOK Basic Tests.

Pseudo code:

If the presentation of the content is artificially limited by the capabilities of the DDC and if the presentation is similarly limited on more capable devices: [FAIL]

Examples:

• Web sites that offer video streams should not offer such content for the DDC, however, it should be offered to users of devices that do support video.
• Presentation should adjust itself to the optimal display for this device and not be unnecessarily limited to 120 pixels wide.
• JavaScript should be used for form validation on devices that support it as this can reduce network traffic and latency.
• Again, in forms, scripting may be used to adjust the presentation or state of a control based on the input(s) already supplied.

Open issues:

This is a can of worms, but it is important to counteract the “working down to the DDC” issue

4.7 Central Meaning and Limited

Note to BPWG:

None

Limitations of this test:

There are subtle differences between these two Best Practices. Central Meaning is concerned with the physical layout of the page, ensuring that desktop-style navigation does not dominate whilst Limited is concerned with presenting information in a manner that reflects the likely real world situation of the audience - on the move with limited time and attention span, perhaps in an environment where there are many forces competing for the user's attention. Despite these differences, it is convenient to test conformance with these two Best Practices together.

Differences to mobileOK Basic Tests:

This test does not exist in mobileOK Basic Tests.

Pseudo code:

• If it is not possible to determine what the main focus of a web page is without scrolling: [FAIL]
• If simple facts that can readily be presented using bullet points and headings are instead presented as lengthy prose: [FAIL]

Examples:

None

Open issues:

None

4.8 Clarity

Note to BPWG:

None

Limitations of this test:

This test is subjective and cannot be conclusive. It must therefore remain at a warning level to be informative.

Differences to mobileOK Basic Tests:

This test does not exist in mobileOK Basic Tests.

Pseudo code:

If the text is, for the context, considered to be unnecessarily complex or verbose [WARN]

Examples:

• Consider the purpose of the page. If the purpose of the page is to deliver a specific piece of information, that information should be readily extracted without excessive scrolling or scanning of text.
• In the English language the Fogg test can give an indication of complexity. A level of rough 7 or 8 would be ideal. For other languages this does not apply.

Open issues:

None

4.9 Color Contrast

Note to BPWG:

None

Limitations of this test:

This test is actually defined in http://www.w3.org/TR/2007/WD-WCAG20-TECHS-20070517/Overview.html#G18, to which we refer here

Differences to mobileOK Basic Tests:

This test does not exist in mobileOK Basic Tests.

Pseudo code:

If the contrast ratio is less than 5:1, according to http://www.w3.org/TR/2007/WD-WCAG20-TECHS-20070517/Overview.html#G18 [FAIL]

Examples:

None

Open issues:

None

4.10 Content Format Preferred

Note to BPWG:

This test is machine testable and we are not sure why is it not covered in the basic tests.

Limitations of this test:

This test cannot be failed, because alternate formats may not be available.

Differences to mobileOK Basic Tests:

This test does not exist in mobileOK Basic Tests.

Pseudo code:

The follow is not very explanatory and needs some wordsmithing.
How would one determine a "change" in the quality headers, which denote preference of a content format?
Or did we mean if they are different, as in 0.1 - 0.9 over a variety of formats?

If the quality factors of the accept headers are changed and the content which is delivered does not reflect that change [WARN]

Examples:

A change in preference between GIF and JPEG, character encoding or markup for a given device, should be reflected accordingly.

Open issues:

None

4.11 Control Labeling

Note to BPWG:

This test is machine testable

Limitations of this test:

None

Differences to mobileOK Basic Tests:

This test does not exist in mobileOK Basic Tests.

Pseudo code:

• If there are form elements and no label elements [FAIL]
• If the for attribute is not defined and the content of the label element is not a form control [FAIL]
• If the for attribute is present but does not correspond to the id attribute of a form control [FAIL]

Examples:

None

Open issues:

• Confirm that point 1 is really valid.
• Are there ever presentational / layout reasons why having a form label isn't appropriate? e.g. If there's only one form element and the meaning of that element is given by the context of the page?

4.12 Control position

Note to BPWG:

None

Limitations of this test:

• The aspect of properly aligning with a form control has been limited to mean “in the vicinity”, as the positioning to the left or below an input field is not the only way to use them.
• The DDC supports only CSS 1

Differences to mobileOK Basic Tests:

This test does not exist in mobileOK Basic Tests.

Pseudo code:

• If the label cannot be clearly associated with a form control [FAIL]
• If the association is only achieved by means of positional CSS [FAIL]

Examples:

None

Open issues:

None

4.13 Cookies

Note to BPWG:

None

Limitations of this test:

None

Differences to mobileOK Basic Tests:

This test does not exist in mobileOK Basic Tests.

Pseudo code:

If the content or function cannot be accessed without cookies [FAIL]

Examples:

A site that requires a user to login might store that login in a cookie to save the user typing in their credentials each time they visit. If cookies are unavailable, an acceptable degradation would mean that the user was prompted for a login each time they visited that page, but would browse the site without further logins from then on. An poor (and unacceptable) cookieless degradation would render a site useless by always checking for a non-existent cookie and so not letting the user past the login page.

Open issues:

None

4.14 Deficiencies

Note to BPWG:

None

Limitations of this test:

This test cannot test all existing deficiencies of devices. Rather the test limited to the author/provider being aware of common deficiencies and do something about those. This test is not intended to test pixel perfect rendering across devices, but rather focuses on usability across devices.

Differences to mobileOK Basic Tests:

This test does not exist in mobileOK Basic Tests.

Pseudo code:

If there are common deficiencies of devices, which impinge significantly on usability of the content being offered, measures must be taken to work around those deficiencies. If not [FAIL]

Examples:

Some devices which render tables badly will wrap columns by default, if the meaning of the page is dependent on layout which does not render well on these sorts of devices then an alternative rendering should be used when that user-agent is detected.

Open issues:

None

4.15 Error Messages

Note to BPWG:

An external tester can not know what errors generate error messages, or what languages are available.

That is not quite true. At least a 404 is easy to produce and available languages can be inquired.

Limitations of this test:

None

Differences to mobileOK Basic Tests:

This test does not exist in mobileOK Basic Tests.

Pseudo code:

Provoke a server-side error.

• For example: Request a URL known not to correspond to any endpoint on the site.
• [others]

2. Examine the content of the error page. All the following must be true, if not [FAIL].

It must:

• Explain in non-technical language the error which has occurred.
• Be suitable for the DDC, at a minimum, (ie it must comply with all other tests).
• Provide at least one of the following links: site home page, back, reload.
• Be in the language the user was reading on the site when the error occurred.

Examples:

None

Open issues:

The mechanism by which a context specific error message can be displayed in not clear. For example, how to display a French error message if the user was in the French section of the site.

4.16 Fonts

Note to BPWG:

The intent of the BP stated in 5.4.16.1 is that meaning should be conveyed without relying on font-related styling. However, the "Machine Test" under 5.4.16.2 fails on any presence of any font-related styling (whether it conveys meaniong or not).

Limitations of this test:

None

Differences to mobileOK Basic Tests:

This test does not exist in mobileOK Basic Tests.

Pseudo code:

1. Check for presence of font-related styling, by means of the font element, or the bold, italic or underline elements, or CSS.
2. Examine the content with CSS enabled and disabled. If the meaning is significantly different [FAIL]
3. Examine any font-related elements present and the effect they have on the meaning of the content. If they are used to convey meaning significantly, [FAIL]

Examples:

• Emphasis expressed using bold or underline.
• Quotes that are indicated by italics rather than enclosed in quotation marks or quotation markup.

Open issues:

None

4.17 Graphics for Spacing

Note to BPWG:

None

Limitations of this test:

This test does not rely on a particular graphics format that are being evaluated.

Differences to mobileOK Basic Tests:

This BP is partially covered by the GRAPHICS_FOR_SPACING MobileOK basic Test.

Pseudo code:

Does the content comply with GRAPHICS_FOR_SPACING MobileOK Basic Test? If not [FAIL].

View all images in a page, for example in a separate list of images, or by outlining them. For XHTML these will be included using the <img> element.
Determine visually whether any of the images do not convey information and are used for spacing. If they are [FAIL].

Note: Spacer images do not convey useful information. They are normally very small.

Examples:

• 1 pixel square image used to seperate other content.
• A small image with the same colour as the surrounding content.
• Single Pixel GIF Trick on Creating Killer Websites

Open issues:

Define unambiguously what is and is not a spacer image.

4.18 Link Target ID

Note to BPWG:

The abbreviation "ID" included in the handle of the BP, is confusing and suggests it involves the ID attribute. The test covers the use of hreflang, type and charset attributes which are not mentioned in the BP.

Limitations of this test:

This test only deals with the descriptive portion of a link

Differences to mobileOK Basic Tests:

This test does not exist in mobileOK Basic Tests.

Pseudo code:

1. Each link in the text is described by attributes as follows. If not, [FAIL].
   • If the target content is in a language different to that of the tested content, it is correctly marked with hreflang attribute;
   • If it is in a format other than that of the tested content, it is correctly described by the type attribute;
   • If it uses a character encoding different to that of the tested content, it is described by the charset attribute.
2. Check that the link text (including alternative text for any non-text elements) clearly describes the effect of activating the element. If not, [FAIL]
3. Select elements pairwise. Check that two links with same link text (including alternative text for non-text elements) and same title attribute (if provided) point to the same resource. If not, [FAIL].

(These liberally adapted from UWEM 1.0 13.1).

Examples:

• Link with only the text "Click here."
• Multiple links in same page with same content but pointing to different things.
• Link from an HTML page to a large video file that does not mention format or size.
• Link to content in a language different to that of the current page.

Open issues:

Can contextual information can provide enough explanation for a “click here” link?

What is meant here is that there are instances were enough information is provided in the preceeding or surrounding text that a more detailed link description is not needed

4.19 Minimize Keystrokes

This test is covered by tests for AVOID_FREE_TEXT, URIS, CENTRAL_MEANING and PROVIDE_DEFAULTS.

4.20 Navbar

Note to BPWG:

None

Limitations of this test:

None

Differences to mobileOK Basic Tests:

This test does not exist in mobileOK Basic Tests.

Pseudo code:

• Is there basic navigation on the page before the other content? If not [FAIL].
• Does all the navigation detected in [1] fit on a single line (in DDC)? If not [FAIL].
• Is a some of the main content visible without scrolling (sufficient to get an idea of the rest of the content)? If not [FAIL]

Examples:

Navigation bar consisting of only: Home; Up; Site map; Search...

Open issues:

• How much navigation is admissible?
• Can it be quantified in terms of the number of links and the number of characters?

4.21 Navigation

Note to BPWG:

There seems to be confusion in the MWBP document. The title refers to "consistent navigation". However, the second paragraph discusses "Intelligent grouping" and the "How to do it" section suggests providing a drill-down list based on section headings, rather than about being consistent (it doesn't say use drill-down lists consistently). The latter is more relevant to [STRUCTURE] than to this BP. What was the intent, consistent navigation across a site or just good navigation in a page? This test assumes that consistency is what must be tested.

Limitations of this test:

• Tester must be able to delimit what constitutes the site. This is assumed to be the pages in the sample scope.
• Test has to define what a navigation mechanism is.
• It tests for consistency, not good navigation design.

Differences to mobileOK Basic Tests:

This test does not exist in mobileOK Basic Tests.

Pseudo code:

• For all the pages in the sample, examine the navigation mechanisms in the pages. These include inline links, groups of links (for example menus) in different parts of the page.
• If navigation mechanisms are different on different pages of the sample other than in a way relevant to the difference between the pages, [FAIL].

The word "sample" in the pseudo code was fitted with links which were non-sensical. Are there samples missing or was some other point being made?

Examples:

• A site navigation menu is present on all pages and only changes the presentation of the section and the current page, [PASS]
• A site navigation menu is present on all pages and changes structure and presentation of the links [FAIL].
• A site navigation menu is present on some pages but is not on the current page [FAIL].
• A site navigation menu is present on two pages of the sample but in a different place [FAIL].
• Inline links on other pages have a descriptive title but on the current page they do not.

Open issues:

More examples needed.

4.22 Non-text alternatives

Note to BPWG:

It is not made explicit in the BPs whether all non-text content is covered or only images included with the <img> element.

Limitations of this test:

This test deals with images only. Other non-text content is not mentioned explicitly in the Best Practices and is beyond the scope of this test. Such content includes horizontal rules, form controls, audio, video, multimedia elements, embedded objects and frames.

Differences to mobileOK Basic Tests:

This test covers the meaning of textual alternatives. The mobileOK Basic test only covers the presence or absence of the alt attribute, not its value.

Pseudo code:

If content does not meet Basic Test NON_TEXT_ALTERNATIVES, [FAIL]

For XHTML content if any of the following UWEM 1.0 tests are not met, [FAIL].

• UWEM 1.0 Test 1.1_HTML_01 (note that this is same as Basic test, included for completeness)
• UWEM 1.0 Test 1.1_HTML_02
• UWEM 1.0 Test 1.1_HTML_03
• UWEM 1.0 Test 1.1_HTML_04

Examples:

• Pass: Null value (alt=“”) for decorative images such as rounded corners in frame
• Fail: alt value same as filename
• Fail: alt=“ ” (space)

Open issues:

None

4.23 Objects or scripts

Note to BPWG:

None

Limitations of this test:

None

Differences to mobileOK Basic Tests:

This test covers the functionality of documents without objects or scripts, in addition to the mobileOK Basic Tests.

Pseudo code:

If the document cannot be viewed properly without objects or scripts active or present [FAIL]

Examples:

None

Open issues:

None

4.24 Page Size Usable

Note to BPWG:

None

Limitations of this test:

None

Differences to mobileOK Basic Tests:

This test does not exist in mobileOK Basic Tests.

Pseudo code:

• If there is no apparent justification for exceeding 3 screen sizes in length [FAIL]
• If the pages displayed are so short that multiple requests are needed to display the full information and their combined length does not exceed three screens [FAIL]

Examples:

None

Open issues:

None

4.25 Page Title

Note to BPWG:

None

Limitations of this test:

None

Differences to mobileOK Basic Tests:

This test covers the meaning of the title, in addition to the existing mobileOK Basic Tests

Pseudo code:

• Does the title meaningfully describe the page content? If not [FAIL]
• Is the title too long to display on a screen matching the Default Delivery Context? [WARN]

Examples:

None

Open issues:

None

4.26 Provide Defaults

Note to BPWG:

None

Limitations of this test:

None

Differences to mobileOK Basic Tests:

This test covers the usefulness of the preselection, in addition to the existing mobileOK Basic Tests.

Pseudo code:

• If the preselection for all form elements is useful. If not [FAIL]
• If no preselection exists and could meaningfully be added [FAIL]

Examples:

None

Open issues:

None

4.27 Scrolling

Note to BPWG:

None

Limitations of this test:

None

Differences to mobileOK Basic Tests:

This test does not exist in mobileOK Basic Tests.

Pseudo code:

Is the usage of horizontal scrolling justified? If not [FAIL]

Examples:

None

Open issues:

None

4.28 Structure

Note to BPWG:

None

Limitations of this test:

None

Differences to mobileOK Basic Tests:

This test does not exist in mobileOK Basic Tests.

Pseudo code:

• Document structure must be represented using proper structural markup rather than formatting effects. If not [FAIL]
• Where structural markup is used it should be used in accordance with the specification, i.e. elements should be properly nested according to their level. If not [FAIL]
• If structural markup is being used improperly, e.g. for formatting effect [FAIL]

Examples:

None

Open issues:

It is not clear what structural markup is and which elements are included in this definition.

4.29 Style Sheets Size

Note to BPWG:

None

Limitations of this test:

There is no guidance on this parameter and a value was picked

Differences to mobileOK Basic Tests:

This test does not exist in mobileOK Basic Tests.

Pseudo code:

• Are style sheets optimized? If not [FAIL]
• Are the style sheets utilized properly? If not [FAIL]
• Is a given style sheet appropriate in its size for the given content, keeping in mind chaching and loading effects? If not [FAIL]

Examples:

None

Open issues:

• What is an optimized stylesheet?
• It is not clear if there should be some upper limit on style sheet use, for example as percentage of the total page size and if there should be, what percentage that should be.

4.30 Style Sheet Support

Note to BPWG:

None

Limitations of this test:

None

Differences to mobileOK Basic Tests:

This test does not exist in mobileOK Basic Tests.

Pseudo code:

If content is unreadable or unintelligible with stylesheets disabled [FAIL]

Examples:

None

Open issues:

None

4.31 Suitable

Note to BPWG:

None

Limitations of this test:

None

Differences to mobileOK Basic Tests:

This test does not exist in mobileOK Basic Tests.

Pseudo code:

Examine content to determine if, given the subject matter, it is appropriate in a mobile context. If not [FAIL]

Examples:

• a page showing Renaissance paintings in full size - FAIL
• a page showing a listing of Renaissance Paintings with thumb nails - PASS
• a page offering downloads of Windows XP - FAIL
• a full size x-ray image for in-field access by EMTs – PASS

Open issues:

None

4.32 Tab Order

Note to BPWG:

None

Limitations of this test:

None

Differences to mobileOK Basic Tests:

This test does not exist in mobileOK Basic Tests.

Pseudo code:

Is the tab order of links, form controls and objects disorganized, illogical or confusing? If not [FAIL]

Examples:

None

Open issues:

None

4.33 Tables Layout

Note to BPWG:

None

Limitations of this test:

None

Differences to mobileOK Basic Tests:

In addition to the mobileOK Basic Tests, this test checks usage for layout.

Pseudo code:

If tables are used in a fashion that could be achieved using CSS [FAIL]

Examples:

An image or text which are spaced and positioned with the aid of a table

Open issues:

CSS currently is itself deficient in that it does not support grid layout that auto adjusts vertically

4.34 Tables Support

Note to BPWG:

We had originally asked why this test is not included in basic tests, but the Open Issue below spells it out. How can it be determined if a device supports tables? Just look it up in UAProf or can the Checker do something here?

Limitations of this test:

None

Differences to mobileOK Basic Tests:

This test does not exist in mobileOK Basic Tests.

Pseudo code:

If the device does not support tables and the table element is found within the source code [FAIL]

Examples:

None

Open issues:

Is there a way to programatically determine if a device supports tables?

4.35 Testing

Note to BPWG:

This BP gives no information about what is being tested, which calls this BP into question as being useless.

Limitations of this test:

None

Differences to mobileOK Basic Tests:

This test does not exist in mobileOK Basic Tests.

Pseudo code:

• Has this content been tested with emulators? If not [FAIL]
• Has this content been tested with actual devices? If not [FAIL]

I would also offer: Has this content been validated? If not [FAIL] and Has this content been tested with the Checker? If not [FAIL]

Examples:

None

Open issues:

None

4.36 URIs

Note to BPWG:

None

Limitations of this test:

None

Differences to mobileOK Basic Tests:

This test does not exist in mobileOK Basic Tests.

Pseudo code:

• Is the entry Domain, including main and subdomain, less than 20 key presses on the device? If not [WARN]
• Does the entry URI require a file extension as in .html? If yes, [FAIL]
• Does the entry URI require the subdomain www? If yes, [FAIL]

Examples:

Entry URIs should not include information such as author, date, title. See “Cool URIs don’t change”

Open issues:

It seems that at least the file extension and the subdomain ought to be machine testable?

4.37 Use of color

Note to BPWG:

None

Limitations of this test:

None

Differences to mobileOK Basic Tests:

This test does not exist in mobileOK Basic Tests.

Pseudo code:

• Excluding hyperlinks, does your site include any other blue or purple text? If yes, [WARN]
• When viewed on a monocrome screen, is all content still readable? If no, [FAIL]
• Is color used to represent information? If yes, [FAIL]

Examples:

• Using red text to represent an error message
• Using blue or purple text within the page as it makes it harder to distinguish hyperlinks
• Telling the user that important information is highlighted in yellow

Open issues:

None