Some (OWL) Test Cases

Latest editors snapshot:: http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/editors-draft/snapshot

1. Approved Tests

1.1. By Function

1.2. By Issue

1.3. Additional Description Logic Tests

These tests are ones that are either known from the literature (specifically from [DL ref-1] and [DL ref-2]), or from test suites contributed by DL implementors (specifically some group and some other group).

Some actual tests in this category ...

1.4. Miscellaneous Tests

These tests, taken from the [OWL Guide], are ones that do not fit any other category.

wine.owl, and food.owl by reference rather than verbatim ...

1.5. Extra Credit

There is no expectation that any implementation will successful run the tests in this section; any that do gain extra credit.

The intent is to illustrate the semantics of OWL, particularly OWL Full, as specified by [OWL Abstract Syntax and Semantics], with the specific goal of showing that it is possible to say things that it is not reasonable to expect an implementation to completely understand.

Some actual tests in this category ... Tests concerning prime factorization. tests concerning dominos and transitiveproperties with cardinality constraints. Tests concerning peculiar extensions of the OWL vocabulary.

2. Proposed Tests

2.1. By Function

2.1.1. `owl:FunctionalProperty`

Full	Positive Entailment Test:	003
Description: `<FunctionalProperty/Manifest003#test>`
If `prop` is an `owl:FunctionalProperty`, then its inverse is an `owl:InverseFunctionalProperty`.
Full	Premises: `<FunctionalProperty/premises003>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:owl ="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" xml:base="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/FunctionalProperty/premises003" > <owl:FunctionalProperty rdf:ID="prop"> <owl:inverseOf rdf:resource="#inv"/> </owl:FunctionalProperty> </rdf:RDF>
first:prop rdf:type owl:FunctionalProperty . first:prop owl:inverseOf first:inv .
Full	Conclusions: `<FunctionalProperty/conclusions003>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:owl ="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" xml:base="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/FunctionalProperty/conclusions003" > <owl:InverseFunctionalProperty rdf:about="premises003#inv"/> </rdf:RDF>
first:inv rdf:type owl:InverseFunctionalProperty .
Errors:
Incorrect copyright statement in premises003. Incorrect copyright statement in conclusions003.

Full	Positive Entailment Test:	004
Description: `<FunctionalProperty/Manifest004#test>`
If the range of `prop` is a singleton set then it is necessarily functional, (i.e. every member of its domain has a single value) and so it is an `owl:FunctionalProperty`.
Full	Premises: `<FunctionalProperty/premises004>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:owl ="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xml:base="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/FunctionalProperty/premises004" > <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:ID="prop"> <rdfs:range rdf:resource="#Singleton"/> </owl:ObjectProperty> <rdfs:Class rdf:ID="Singleton"> <owl:oneOf rdf:parseType="Collection"> <rdf:Description/> </owl:oneOf> </rdfs:Class> </rdf:RDF>
first:prop rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty . first:prop rdfs:range first:Singleton . first:Singleton rdf:type rdfs:Class . _:a rdf:first _:b . _:a rdf:rest rdf:nil . _:a rdf:type rdf:List . first:Singleton owl:oneOf _:a .
Full	Conclusions: `<FunctionalProperty/conclusions004>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:owl ="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" xml:base="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/FunctionalProperty/conclusions004" > <owl:FunctionalProperty rdf:about="premises004#prop"/> </rdf:RDF>
first:prop rdf:type owl:FunctionalProperty .
Errors:
Incorrect copyright statement in premises004. Incorrect copyright statement in conclusions004.

2.1.2. `owl:InverseFunctionalProperty`

Full	Positive Entailment Test:	003
Description: `<InverseFunctionalProperty/Manifest003#test>`
If `prop` is an `owl:InverseFunctionalProperty`, then its inverse is an `owl:FunctionalProperty`.
Full	Premises: `<InverseFunctionalProperty/premises003>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:owl ="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" xml:base="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/InverseFunctionalProperty/premises003" > <owl:InverseFunctionalProperty rdf:ID="prop"> <owl:inverseOf rdf:resource="#inv"/> </owl:InverseFunctionalProperty> </rdf:RDF>
first:prop rdf:type owl:InverseFunctionalProperty . first:prop owl:inverseOf first:inv .
Full	Conclusions: `<InverseFunctionalProperty/conclusions003>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:owl ="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" xml:base="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/InverseFunctionalProperty/conclusions003" > <owl:FunctionalProperty rdf:about="premises003#inv"/> </rdf:RDF>
first:inv rdf:type owl:FunctionalProperty .
Errors:
Incorrect copyright statement in premises003. Incorrect copyright statement in conclusions003.

Full	Positive Entailment Test:	004
Description: `<InverseFunctionalProperty/Manifest004#test>`
If the domain of `prop` is a singleton set then it is necessarily inverse functional, (i.e. every member of its range is the value of a single item) so it is an `owl:InverseFunctionalProperty`.
Full	Premises: `<InverseFunctionalProperty/premises004>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:owl ="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xml:base="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/InverseFunctionalProperty/premises004" > <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:ID="prop"> <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="#Singleton"/> </owl:ObjectProperty> <rdfs:Class rdf:ID="Singleton"> <owl:oneOf rdf:parseType="Collection"> <rdf:Description/> </owl:oneOf> </rdfs:Class> </rdf:RDF>
first:prop rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty . first:prop rdfs:domain first:Singleton . first:Singleton rdf:type rdfs:Class . _:a rdf:first _:b . _:a rdf:rest rdf:nil . _:a rdf:type rdf:List . first:Singleton owl:oneOf _:a .
Full	Conclusions: `<InverseFunctionalProperty/conclusions004>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:owl ="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" xml:base="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/InverseFunctionalProperty/conclusions004" > <owl:InverseFunctionalProperty rdf:about="premises004#prop"/> </rdf:RDF>
first:prop rdf:type owl:InverseFunctionalProperty .
Errors:
Incorrect copyright statement in premises004. Incorrect copyright statement in conclusions004.

2.1.3. `owl:Nothing`

Full	Inconsistent document.	001
Description: `<Nothing/Manifest001#test>`
The triple asserts something of type `Nothing`, however that is the empty class.
Full	Inconsistent: `<Nothing/inconsistent001>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#"> <owl:Nothing/> </rdf:RDF>
_:a rdf:type owl:Nothing .
Errors:
Incorrect copyright statement in inconsistent001.

Full	Positive Entailment Test:	002
Description: `<Nothing/Manifest002#test>`
There is one empty `owl:Class`, and it is often called `Nothing`.
Full	Premises: `<Nothing/premises002>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" > </rdf:RDF>

Full	Conclusions: `<Nothing/conclusions002>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#"> <owl:Class> <owl:oneOf rdf:parseType="Collection"/> <owl:sameClassAs rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Nothing" /> </owl:Class> </rdf:RDF>
_:a rdf:type owl:Class . _:a owl:oneOf rdf:nil . _:a owl:sameClassAs owl:Nothing .
Errors:
Incorrect copyright statement in conclusions002. Incorrect copyright statement in premises002.

2.1.4. `owl:SymmetricProperty`

Full	Positive Entailment Test:	001
Description: `<SymmetricProperty/Manifest001#test>`
A simple illustration of symmetric properties.
Full	Premises: `<SymmetricProperty/premises001>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" xmlns:first="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/SymmetricProperty/premises001#" xmlns:second="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/SymmetricProperty/conclusions001#" xml:base="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/SymmetricProperty/premises001" > <rdf:Description rdf:about="premises001#Ghent"> <first:path rdf:resource="premises001#Antwerp"/> </rdf:Description> <owl:SymmetricProperty rdf:about="premises001#path"/> </rdf:RDF>
first:Ghent first:path first:Antwerp . first:path rdf:type owl:SymmetricProperty .
Full	Conclusions: `<SymmetricProperty/conclusions001>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" xmlns:first="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/SymmetricProperty/premises001#" xmlns:second="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/SymmetricProperty/conclusions001#" xml:base="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/SymmetricProperty/conclusions001" > <rdf:Description rdf:about="premises001#Antwerp"> <first:path rdf:resource="premises001#Ghent"/> </rdf:Description> </rdf:RDF>
first:Antwerp first:path first:Ghent .
Errors:
Incorrect copyright statement in conclusions001. Incorrect copyright statement in premises001.

2.1.5. `owl:TransitiveProperty`

Full	Positive Entailment Test:	001
Description: `<TransitiveProperty/Manifest001#test>`
A simple illustration of transitivity.
Full	Premises: `<TransitiveProperty/premises001>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" xmlns:first="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/TransitiveProperty/premises001#" xmlns:second="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/TransitiveProperty/conclusions001#" xml:base="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/TransitiveProperty/premises001" > <rdf:Description rdf:about="premises001#Antwerp"> <first:path rdf:resource="premises001#Amsterdam"/> </rdf:Description> <rdf:Description rdf:about="premises001#Ghent"> <first:path rdf:resource="premises001#Antwerp"/> </rdf:Description> <owl:TransitiveProperty rdf:about="premises001#path"/> </rdf:RDF>
first:Antwerp first:path first:Amsterdam . first:Ghent first:path first:Antwerp . first:path rdf:type owl:TransitiveProperty .
Full	Conclusions: `<TransitiveProperty/conclusions001>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" xmlns:first="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/TransitiveProperty/premises001#" xmlns:second="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/TransitiveProperty/conclusions001#" xml:base="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/TransitiveProperty/conclusions001" > <rdf:Description rdf:about="premises001#Ghent"> <first:path rdf:resource="premises001#Amsterdam"/> </rdf:Description> </rdf:RDF>
first:Ghent first:path first:Amsterdam .
Errors:
Incorrect copyright statement in premises001. Incorrect copyright statement in conclusions001.

2.1.6. `owl:allValuesFrom`

Lite	Positive Entailment Test:	001
Description: `<allValuesFrom/Manifest001#test>`
A simple example.
Lite	Premises: `<allValuesFrom/premises001>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" xmlns:first="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/allValuesFrom/premises001#" xml:base="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/allValuesFrom/premises001" > <owl:Class rdf:ID="r"> <rdfs:subClassOf> <owl:Restriction> <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="#p"/> <owl:allValuesFrom rdf:resource="#c"/> </owl:Restriction> </rdfs:subClassOf> </owl:Class> <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:ID="p"/> <owl:Class rdf:ID="c"/> <first:r rdf:ID="i"> <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Thing"/> <first:p> <owl:Thing rdf:ID="o" /> </first:p> </first:r> </rdf:RDF>
first:r rdf:type owl:Class . _:a rdf:type owl:Restriction . _:a owl:onProperty first:p . _:a owl:allValuesFrom first:c . first:r rdfs:subClassOf _:a . first:p rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty . first:c rdf:type owl:Class . first:i rdf:type first:r . first:i rdf:type owl:Thing . first:o rdf:type owl:Thing . first:i first:p first:o .
Lite	Conclusions: `<allValuesFrom/conclusions001>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:first="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/allValuesFrom/premises001#" xml:base="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/allValuesFrom/conclusions001" > <first:c rdf:about="premises001#o"> <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Thing"/> </first:c> </rdf:RDF>
first:o rdf:type first:c . first:o rdf:type owl:Thing .
Errors:
Incorrect copyright statement in premises001. Incorrect copyright statement in conclusions001.

Lite	Negative Entailment Test:	002
Description: `<allValuesFrom/Manifest002#test>`
See allValuesFrom.
Lite	Premises: `<allValuesFrom/premises002>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" xmlns:first="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/allValuesFrom/premises002#" xml:base="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/allValuesFrom/premises002" > <owl:Class rdf:ID="r"> <rdfs:subClassOf> <owl:Restriction> <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="#p"/> <owl:allValuesFrom rdf:resource="#c"/> </owl:Restriction> </rdfs:subClassOf> </owl:Class> <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:ID="p"/> <owl:Class rdf:ID="c"/> <first:r rdf:ID="i"> <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Thing"/> </first:r> </rdf:RDF>
first:r rdf:type owl:Class . _:a rdf:type owl:Restriction . _:a owl:onProperty first:p . _:a owl:allValuesFrom first:c . first:r rdfs:subClassOf _:a . first:p rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty . first:c rdf:type owl:Class . first:i rdf:type first:r . first:i rdf:type owl:Thing .
Lite	Conclusions: `<allValuesFrom/nonconclusions002>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" xmlns:first="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/allValuesFrom/premises002#" xmlns:second="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/allValuesFrom/nonconclusions002#" xml:base="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/allValuesFrom/nonconclusions002" > <owl:Thing rdf:about="premises002#i"> <first:p> <first:c rdf:nodeID="o" /> </first:p> </owl:Thing> <owl:Thing rdf:nodeID="o" /> </rdf:RDF>
first:i rdf:type owl:Thing . _:a rdf:type first:c . first:i first:p _:a . _:a rdf:type owl:Thing .
Errors:
Incorrect copyright statement in premises002. Incorrect copyright statement in nonconclusions002.

2.1.7. `owl:cardinality`

Lite	Positive Entailment Test:	001
Description: `<cardinality/Manifest001#test>`
An `owl:cardinality` constraint is simply shorthand for a pair of `owl:minCardinality` and `owl:maxCardinality` constraints.
Lite	Premises: `<cardinality/premises001>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" xml:base="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/cardinality/premises001" > <owl:Class rdf:ID="c"> <rdfs:subClassOf> <rdf:Description> <owl:intersectionOf rdf:parseType="Collection"> <owl:Restriction> <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="#p"/> <owl:cardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger" >1</owl:cardinality> </owl:Restriction> </owl:intersectionOf> </rdf:Description> </rdfs:subClassOf> </owl:Class> <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:ID="p"/> </rdf:RDF>
first:c rdf:type owl:Class . _:a rdf:type owl:Restriction . _:a owl:onProperty first:p . _:a owl:cardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger . _:b rdf:first _:a . _:b rdf:rest rdf:nil . _:b rdf:type rdf:List . _:c owl:intersectionOf _:b . first:c rdfs:subClassOf _:c . first:p rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty .
Lite	Conclusions: `<cardinality/conclusions001>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" xml:base="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/cardinality/conclusions001" > <owl:Class rdf:about="premises001#c"> <rdfs:subClassOf> <rdf:Description> <owl:intersectionOf rdf:parseType="Collection"> <owl:Restriction> <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="premises001#p"/> <owl:maxCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger" >1</owl:maxCardinality> </owl:Restriction> <owl:Restriction> <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="premises001#p"/> <owl:minCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger" >1</owl:minCardinality> </owl:Restriction> </owl:intersectionOf> </rdf:Description> </rdfs:subClassOf> </owl:Class> <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="premises001#p"/> </rdf:RDF>
first:c rdf:type owl:Class . _:a rdf:type owl:Restriction . _:a owl:onProperty first:p . _:a owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger . _:b rdf:type owl:Restriction . _:b owl:onProperty first:p . _:b owl:minCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger . _:c rdf:first _:b . _:c rdf:rest rdf:nil . _:c rdf:type rdf:List . _:d rdf:first _:a . _:d rdf:rest _:c . _:d rdf:type rdf:List . _:e owl:intersectionOf _:d . first:c rdfs:subClassOf _:e . first:p rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty .
Errors:
Incorrect copyright statement in premises001. Incorrect copyright statement in conclusions001.

Lite	Positive Entailment Test:	002
Description: `<cardinality/Manifest002#test>`
An `owl:cardinality` constraint is simply shorthand for a pair of `owl:minCardinality` and `owl:maxCardinality` constraints.
Lite	Premises: `<cardinality/premises002>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" xml:base="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/cardinality/premises002" > <owl:Class rdf:about="conclusions002#c"> <rdfs:subClassOf> <rdf:Description> <owl:intersectionOf rdf:parseType="Collection"> <owl:Restriction> <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="conclusions002#p"/> <owl:maxCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger" >1</owl:maxCardinality> </owl:Restriction> <owl:Restriction> <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="conclusions002#p"/> <owl:minCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger" >1</owl:minCardinality> </owl:Restriction> </owl:intersectionOf> </rdf:Description> </rdfs:subClassOf> </owl:Class> <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="conclusions002#p"/> </rdf:RDF>
second:c rdf:type owl:Class . _:a rdf:type owl:Restriction . _:a owl:onProperty second:p . _:a owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger . _:b rdf:type owl:Restriction . _:b owl:onProperty second:p . _:b owl:minCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger . _:c rdf:first _:b . _:c rdf:rest rdf:nil . _:c rdf:type rdf:List . _:d rdf:first _:a . _:d rdf:rest _:c . _:d rdf:type rdf:List . _:e owl:intersectionOf _:d . second:c rdfs:subClassOf _:e . second:p rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty .
Lite	Conclusions: `<cardinality/conclusions002>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" xml:base="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/cardinality/conclusions002" > <owl:Class rdf:ID="c"> <rdfs:subClassOf> <rdf:Description> <owl:intersectionOf rdf:parseType="Collection"> <owl:Restriction> <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="#p"/> <owl:cardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger" >1</owl:cardinality> </owl:Restriction> </owl:intersectionOf> </rdf:Description> </rdfs:subClassOf> </owl:Class> <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:ID="p"/> </rdf:RDF>
second:c rdf:type owl:Class . _:a rdf:type owl:Restriction . _:a owl:onProperty second:p . _:a owl:cardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger . _:b rdf:first _:a . _:b rdf:rest rdf:nil . _:b rdf:type rdf:List . _:c owl:intersectionOf _:b . second:c rdfs:subClassOf _:c . second:p rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty .
Errors:
Incorrect copyright statement in conclusions002. Incorrect copyright statement in premises002.

DL	Positive Entailment Test:	003
Description: `<cardinality/Manifest003#test>`
An `owl:cardinality` constraint is simply shorthand for a pair of `owl:minCardinality` and `owl:maxCardinality` constraints.
DL	Premises: `<cardinality/premises003>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" xml:base="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/cardinality/premises003" > <owl:Class rdf:ID="c"> <rdfs:subClassOf> <rdf:Description> <owl:intersectionOf rdf:parseType="Collection"> <owl:Restriction> <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="#p"/> <owl:cardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger" >2</owl:cardinality> </owl:Restriction> </owl:intersectionOf> </rdf:Description> </rdfs:subClassOf> </owl:Class> <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:ID="p"/> </rdf:RDF>
first:c rdf:type owl:Class . _:a rdf:type owl:Restriction . _:a owl:onProperty first:p . _:a owl:cardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger . _:b rdf:first _:a . _:b rdf:rest rdf:nil . _:b rdf:type rdf:List . _:c owl:intersectionOf _:b . first:c rdfs:subClassOf _:c . first:p rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty .
DL	Conclusions: `<cardinality/conclusions003>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" xml:base="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/cardinality/conclusions003" > <owl:Class rdf:about="premises003#c"> <rdfs:subClassOf> <rdf:Description> <owl:intersectionOf rdf:parseType="Collection"> <owl:Restriction> <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="premises003#p"/> <owl:maxCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger" >2</owl:maxCardinality> </owl:Restriction> <owl:Restriction> <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="premises003#p"/> <owl:minCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger" >2</owl:minCardinality> </owl:Restriction> </owl:intersectionOf> </rdf:Description> </rdfs:subClassOf> </owl:Class> <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="premises003#p"/> </rdf:RDF>
first:c rdf:type owl:Class . _:a rdf:type owl:Restriction . _:a owl:onProperty first:p . _:a owl:maxCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger . _:b rdf:type owl:Restriction . _:b owl:onProperty first:p . _:b owl:minCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger . _:c rdf:first _:b . _:c rdf:rest rdf:nil . _:c rdf:type rdf:List . _:d rdf:first _:a . _:d rdf:rest _:c . _:d rdf:type rdf:List . _:e owl:intersectionOf _:d . first:c rdfs:subClassOf _:e . first:p rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty .
Errors:
Incorrect copyright statement in conclusions003. Incorrect copyright statement in premises003.

DL	Positive Entailment Test:	004
Description: `<cardinality/Manifest004#test>`
An `owl:cardinality` constraint is simply shorthand for a pair of `owl:minCardinality` and `owl:maxCardinality` constraints.
DL	Premises: `<cardinality/premises004>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" xml:base="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/cardinality/premises004" > <owl:Class rdf:about="conclusions004#c"> <rdfs:subClassOf> <rdf:Description> <owl:intersectionOf rdf:parseType="Collection"> <owl:Restriction> <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="conclusions004#p"/> <owl:maxCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger" >2</owl:maxCardinality> </owl:Restriction> <owl:Restriction> <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="conclusions004#p"/> <owl:minCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger" >2</owl:minCardinality> </owl:Restriction> </owl:intersectionOf> </rdf:Description> </rdfs:subClassOf> </owl:Class> <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="conclusions004#p"/> </rdf:RDF>
second:c rdf:type owl:Class . _:a rdf:type owl:Restriction . _:a owl:onProperty second:p . _:a owl:maxCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger . _:b rdf:type owl:Restriction . _:b owl:onProperty second:p . _:b owl:minCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger . _:c rdf:first _:b . _:c rdf:rest rdf:nil . _:c rdf:type rdf:List . _:d rdf:first _:a . _:d rdf:rest _:c . _:d rdf:type rdf:List . _:e owl:intersectionOf _:d . second:c rdfs:subClassOf _:e . second:p rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty .
DL	Conclusions: `<cardinality/conclusions004>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" xml:base="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/cardinality/conclusions004" > <owl:Class rdf:ID="c"> <rdfs:subClassOf> <rdf:Description> <owl:intersectionOf rdf:parseType="Collection"> <owl:Restriction> <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="#p"/> <owl:cardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger" >2</owl:cardinality> </owl:Restriction> </owl:intersectionOf> </rdf:Description> </rdfs:subClassOf> </owl:Class> <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:ID="p"/> </rdf:RDF>
second:c rdf:type owl:Class . _:a rdf:type owl:Restriction . _:a owl:onProperty second:p . _:a owl:cardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger . _:b rdf:first _:a . _:b rdf:rest rdf:nil . _:b rdf:type rdf:List . _:c owl:intersectionOf _:b . second:c rdfs:subClassOf _:c . second:p rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty .
Errors:
Incorrect copyright statement in conclusions004. Incorrect copyright statement in premises004.

Full	Positive Entailment Test:	005
Description: `<cardinality/Manifest005#test>`
An `owl:cardinality` constraint is simply shorthand for a pair of `owl:minCardinality` and `owl:maxCardinality` constraints.
Full	Premises: `<cardinality/premises005>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" xml:base="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/cardinality/premises005" > <owl:Restriction rdf:ID="c"> <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="#p"/> <owl:cardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger" >1</owl:cardinality> </owl:Restriction> </rdf:RDF>
first:c rdf:type owl:Restriction . first:c owl:onProperty first:p . first:c owl:cardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger .
Full	Conclusions: `<cardinality/conclusions005>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" xml:base="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/cardinality/conclusions005" > <rdf:Description rdf:about="premises005#c"> <owl:intersectionOf rdf:parseType="Collection"> <owl:Restriction> <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="premises005#p"/> <owl:maxCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger" >1</owl:maxCardinality> </owl:Restriction> <owl:Restriction> <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="premises005#p"/> <owl:minCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger" >1</owl:minCardinality> </owl:Restriction> </owl:intersectionOf> </rdf:Description> </rdf:RDF>
_:a rdf:type owl:Restriction . _:a owl:onProperty first:p . _:a owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger . _:b rdf:type owl:Restriction . _:b owl:onProperty first:p . _:b owl:minCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger . _:c rdf:first _:b . _:c rdf:rest rdf:nil . _:c rdf:type rdf:List . _:d rdf:first _:a . _:d rdf:rest _:c . _:d rdf:type rdf:List . first:c owl:intersectionOf _:d .
Errors:
Incorrect copyright statement in conclusions005. Incorrect copyright statement in premises005.

2.1.8. `owl:complementOf`

Full	Positive Entailment Test:	001
Description: `<complementOf/Manifest001#test>`
`complementOf` is a `SymmetricProperty`.
Full	Premises: `<complementOf/premises001>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" xmlns:first="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/complementOf/premises001#" xmlns:second="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/complementOf/conclusions001#" xml:base="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/complementOf/premises001" > <rdf:Description rdf:about="premises001#A"> <owl:complementOf rdf:resource="premises001#B"/> </rdf:Description> </rdf:RDF>
first:A owl:complementOf first:B .
Full	Conclusions: `<complementOf/conclusions001>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" xmlns:first="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/complementOf/premises001#" xmlns:second="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/complementOf/conclusions001#" xml:base="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/complementOf/conclusions001" > <rdf:Description rdf:about="premises001#B"> <owl:complementOf rdf:resource="premises001#A"/> </rdf:Description> </rdf:RDF>
first:B owl:complementOf first:A .
Errors:
Incorrect copyright statement in premises001. Incorrect copyright statement in conclusions001.

2.1.9. `owl:differentFrom`

Full	Positive Entailment Test:	001
Description: `<differentFrom/Manifest001#test>`
`differentFrom` is a `SymmetricProperty`.
Full	Premises: `<differentFrom/premises001>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" xmlns:first="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/differentFrom/premises001#" xmlns:second="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/differentFrom/conclusions001#" xml:base="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/differentFrom/premises001" > <rdf:Description rdf:about="premises001#a"> <owl:differentFrom rdf:resource="premises001#b"/> </rdf:Description> </rdf:RDF>
first:a owl:differentFrom first:b .
Full	Conclusions: `<differentFrom/conclusions001>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" xmlns:first="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/differentFrom/premises001#" xmlns:second="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/differentFrom/conclusions001#" xml:base="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/differentFrom/conclusions001" > <rdf:Description rdf:about="premises001#b"> <owl:differentFrom rdf:resource="premises001#a"/> </rdf:Description> </rdf:RDF>
first:b owl:differentFrom first:a .
Errors:
Incorrect copyright statement in premises001. Incorrect copyright statement in conclusions001.

Full	Positive Entailment Test:	002
Description: `<differentFrom/Manifest002#test>`
using `distinctMembers` to derive `differentFrom`
Full	Premises: `<differentFrom/premises002>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" xmlns:first="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/differentFrom/premises002#" xml:base="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/differentFrom/premises002" > <owl:AllDifferent> <owl:distinctMembers rdf:parseType="Collection"> <first:Person rdf:about="#Fred" /> <first:Person rdf:about="#Wilma" /> <first:Person rdf:about="#Barney" /> <first:Person rdf:about="#Betty" /> </owl:distinctMembers> </owl:AllDifferent> </rdf:RDF>
_:a rdf:type owl:AllDifferent . first:Fred rdf:type first:Person . first:Wilma rdf:type first:Person . first:Barney rdf:type first:Person . first:Betty rdf:type first:Person . _:b rdf:first first:Betty . _:b rdf:rest rdf:nil . _:b rdf:type rdf:List . _:c rdf:first first:Barney . _:c rdf:rest _:b . _:c rdf:type rdf:List . _:d rdf:first first:Wilma . _:d rdf:rest _:c . _:d rdf:type rdf:List . _:e rdf:first first:Fred . _:e rdf:rest _:d . _:e rdf:type rdf:List . _:a owl:distinctMembers _:e .
Full	Conclusions: `<differentFrom/conclusions002>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" xmlns:first="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/differentFrom/premises002#" xml:base="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/differentFrom/conclusions002" > <rdf:Description rdf:about="premises002#Barney"> <owl:differentFrom rdf:resource="premises002#Wilma"/> </rdf:Description> </rdf:RDF>
first:Barney owl:differentFrom first:Wilma .
Errors:
Incorrect copyright statement in premises002. Incorrect copyright statement in conclusions002.

2.1.10. `owl:disjointWith`

DL	Positive Entailment Test:	001
Description: `<disjointWith/Manifest001#test>`
Disjoint classes have different members.
DL	Premises: `<disjointWith/premises001>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:first="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/disjointWith/premises001#" xml:base="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/disjointWith/premises001" > <owl:Class rdf:ID="A"> <owl:disjointWith> <owl:Class rdf:ID="B"/> </owl:disjointWith> </owl:Class> <first:A rdf:ID="a"/> <owl:Thing rdf:about="#a"/> <first:B rdf:ID="b"/> <owl:Thing rdf:about="#b"/> </rdf:RDF>
first:A rdf:type owl:Class . first:B rdf:type owl:Class . first:A owl:disjointWith first:B . first:a rdf:type first:A . first:a rdf:type owl:Thing . first:b rdf:type first:B . first:b rdf:type owl:Thing .
DL	Conclusions: `<disjointWith/conclusions001>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" xmlns:first="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/disjointWith/premises001#" xml:base="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/disjointWith/conclusions001" > <owl:Thing rdf:about="premises001#a"> <owl:differentFrom> <owl:Thing rdf:about="premises001#b"/> </owl:differentFrom> </owl:Thing> </rdf:RDF>
first:a rdf:type owl:Thing . first:b rdf:type owl:Thing . first:a owl:differentFrom first:b .
Errors:
Incorrect copyright statement in premises001. Incorrect copyright statement in conclusions001.

Full	Positive Entailment Test:	002
Description: `<disjointWith/Manifest002#test>`
Disjoint classes have different members; OWL Full.
Full	Premises: `<disjointWith/premises002>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" xmlns:first="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/disjointWith/premises002#" xml:base="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/disjointWith/premises002" > <rdf:Description rdf:ID="A"> <owl:disjointWith> <rdf:Description rdf:ID="B"/> </owl:disjointWith> </rdf:Description> <first:A rdf:ID="a"/> <first:B rdf:ID="b"/> </rdf:RDF>
first:A owl:disjointWith first:B . first:a rdf:type first:A . first:b rdf:type first:B .
Full	Conclusions: `<disjointWith/conclusions002>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" xml:base="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/disjointWith/conclusions002" > <rdf:Description rdf:about="premises002#a"> <owl:differentFrom rdf:resource="premises002#b"/> </rdf:Description> </rdf:RDF>
first:a owl:differentFrom first:b .
Errors:
Incorrect copyright statement in conclusions002. Incorrect copyright statement in premises002.

2.1.11. `owl:imports`

Full	Import Entailment Test:	001
Description: `<imports/Manifest001#test>`
If a document imports another document, then it entails anything that is entailed by the conjunction of the two documents.
Namespaces:
@prefix ont: <http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/imports/support001-A#> .
Full	http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/imports/premises001 `<imports/premises001>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf='http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#' xmlns:rdfs='http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#' xmlns:owl='http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#' xmlns:ont='http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/imports/support001-A#' xml:base='http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/imports/premises001' > <rdf:Description rdf:about=''> <owl:imports rdf:resource='http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/imports/support001-A'/> </rdf:Description> <ont:Man rdf:about='http://example.org/data#Socrates'/> </rdf:RDF>
<imports/premises001> owl:imports <imports/support001-A> . <http://example.org/data#Socrates> rdf:type ont:Man .
Lite	Imported Premises `<imports/support001-A>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf='http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#' xmlns:rdfs='http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#' xmlns:owl='http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#' xml:base='http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/imports/support001-A' > <owl:Ontology rdf:about=''/> <owl:Class rdf:ID='Man'> <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource='#Mortal'/> </owl:Class> <owl:Class rdf:ID='Mortal'/> </rdf:RDF>
<imports/support001-A> rdf:type owl:Ontology . ont:Man rdf:type owl:Class . ont:Man rdfs:subClassOf ont:Mortal . ont:Mortal rdf:type owl:Class .
Full	http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/imports/conclusions001 `<imports/conclusions001>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf='http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#' xmlns:rdfs='http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#' xmlns:owl='http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#' xml:base='http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/imports/conclusions001' > <rdf:Description rdf:about='http://example.org/data#Socrates'> <rdf:type rdf:resource='http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/imports/support001-A#Mortal'/> </rdf:Description> </rdf:RDF>
<http://example.org/data#Socrates> rdf:type ont:Mortal .
Errors:
Incorrect copyright statement in support001-A. Incorrect copyright statement in premises001.

Full	Negative Entailment Test:	002
Description: `<imports/Manifest002#test>`
If a premise document uses a namespace but does not import the document corresponding to the namespace, then the premises do not necessarily entail anything that is entailed by the conjunction of the two documents.
Namespaces:
@prefix ont: <http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/imports/support002-A#> .
Full	Premises: `<imports/premises002>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf='http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#' xmlns:rdfs='http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#' xmlns:owl='http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#' xmlns:ont='http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/imports/support002-A#' xml:base='http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/imports/premises002' > <ont:Man rdf:about='http://example.org/data#Socrates'/> </rdf:RDF>
<http://example.org/data#Socrates> rdf:type ont:Man .
Full	Conclusions: `<imports/nonconclusions002>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf='http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#' xmlns:rdfs='http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#' xmlns:owl='http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#' xml:base='http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/imports/nonconclusions002' > <rdf:Description rdf:about='http://example.org/data#Socrates'> <rdf:type rdf:resource='http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/imports/support002-A#Mortal'/> </rdf:Description> </rdf:RDF>
<http://example.org/data#Socrates> rdf:type ont:Mortal .
Errors:
Incorrect copyright statement in premises002. Incorrect copyright statement in nonconclusions002.

Full	Import Entailment Test:	003
Description: `<imports/Manifest003#test>`
If a document imports a document which in turn imports a third document, then it entails anything which is entailed by the conjunction of the statements from the three documents. That is, imports is transitive.
Namespaces:
@prefix ont: <http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/imports/support003-A#> .
Full	http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/imports/premises003 `<imports/premises003>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf='http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#' xmlns:rdfs='http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#' xmlns:owl='http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#' xmlns:ont='http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/imports/support003-A#' xml:base='http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/imports/premises003' > <rdf:Description rdf:about=''> <owl:imports rdf:resource='http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/imports/support003-A'/> </rdf:Description> <ont:Man rdf:about='http://example.org/data#Socrates'/> </rdf:RDF>
<imports/premises003> owl:imports <imports/support003-A> . <http://example.org/data#Socrates> rdf:type ont:Man .
Lite	Imported Premises `<imports/support003-A>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf='http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#' xmlns:rdfs='http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#' xmlns:owl='http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#' xml:base='http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/imports/support003-A' > <owl:Ontology rdf:about=''> <owl:imports rdf:resource='http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/imports/support003-B'/> </owl:Ontology> <owl:Class rdf:ID='Man'> <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource='#Person'/> </owl:Class> <owl:Class rdf:ID='Person'/> </rdf:RDF>
<imports/support003-A> rdf:type owl:Ontology . <imports/support003-A> owl:imports <imports/support003-B> . ont:Man rdf:type owl:Class . ont:Man rdfs:subClassOf ont:Person . ont:Person rdf:type owl:Class .
Lite	Imported Premises `<imports/support003-B>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf='http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#' xmlns:rdfs='http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#' xmlns:owl='http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#' xml:base='http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/imports/support003-B' > <owl:Ontology rdf:about=''/> <owl:Class rdf:about='http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/imports/support003-A#Person'> <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource='#Mortal'/> </owl:Class> <owl:Class rdf:ID='Mortal'/> </rdf:RDF>
<imports/support003-B> rdf:type owl:Ontology . ont:Person rdf:type owl:Class . ont:Person rdfs:subClassOf <imports/support003-B#Mortal> . <imports/support003-B#Mortal> rdf:type owl:Class .
Full	http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/imports/conclusions003 `<imports/conclusions003>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf='http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#' xmlns:rdfs='http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#' xmlns:owl='http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#' xml:base='http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/imports/conclusions003' > <rdf:Description rdf:about='http://example.org/data#Socrates'> <rdf:type rdf:resource='http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/imports/support003-B#Mortal'/> </rdf:Description> </rdf:RDF>
<http://example.org/data#Socrates> rdf:type <imports/support003-B#Mortal> .
Errors:
Incorrect copyright statement in support003-A. Incorrect copyright statement in premises003.

Full	Imports Level Test:	004
Description: `<imports/Manifest004#test>`
Importing OWL Full documents may change the level of OWL Lite or OWL DL documents.
Full	Imported document: `<imports/imports004>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xml:base="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/imports/imports004" > <rdfs:Class rdf:ID="c" /> </rdf:RDF>
first:c rdf:type rdfs:Class .
Full	Main document: `<imports/main004>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" xml:base="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/imports/main004" > <owl:Ontology rdf:about=""> <owl:imports rdf:resource="imports004" /> </owl:Ontology> </rdf:RDF>
<imports/main004> rdf:type owl:Ontology . <imports/main004> owl:imports <imports/imports004> .
Errors:
Incorrect copyright statement in imports004. Incorrect copyright statement in main004.

DL	Imports Level Test:	005
Description: `<imports/Manifest005#test>`
OWL DL documents cannot be imported by OWL Lite documents.
DL	Imported document: `<imports/imports005>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" xml:base="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/imports/imports005" > <owl:Class rdf:ID="c"> <owl:oneOf rdf:parseType="Collection"> <owl:Thing rdf:ID="x"/> </owl:oneOf> </owl:Class> </rdf:RDF>
first:c rdf:type owl:Class . first:x rdf:type owl:Thing . _:a rdf:first first:x . _:a rdf:rest rdf:nil . _:a rdf:type rdf:List . first:c owl:oneOf _:a .
DL	Main document: `<imports/main005>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" xml:base="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/imports/main005" > <owl:Ontology rdf:about=""> <owl:imports rdf:resource="imports005" /> </owl:Ontology> </rdf:RDF>
<imports/main005> rdf:type owl:Ontology . <imports/main005> owl:imports <imports/imports005> .
Errors:
Incorrect copyright statement in imports005. Incorrect copyright statement in main005.

Lite	Imports Level Test:	006
Description: `<imports/Manifest006#test>`
The type declarations required by semantic layering can be imported into an OWL Lite or OWL DL file.
Lite	Imported document: `<imports/imports006>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" xml:base="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/imports/imports006" > <owl:Class rdf:ID="c"/> </rdf:RDF>
first:c rdf:type owl:Class .
Lite	Main document: `<imports/main006>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" xmlns:first="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/imports/imports006#" xml:base="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/imports/main006" > <owl:Ontology rdf:about=""> <owl:imports rdf:resource="imports006"/> </owl:Ontology> <first:c rdf:ID="x"/> </rdf:RDF>
<imports/main006> rdf:type owl:Ontology . <imports/main006> owl:imports <imports/imports006> . second:x rdf:type first:c .
Errors:
Incorrect copyright statement in imports006. Incorrect copyright statement in main006.

Lite	Imports Level Test:	007
Description: `<imports/Manifest007#test>`
The type declarations required by semantic layering can be imported into an OWL Lite or OWL DL file.
Lite	Imported document: `<imports/imports007>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" xml:base="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/imports/imports007" > <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:ID="p"/> </rdf:RDF>
first:p rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty .
Lite	Main document: `<imports/main007>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" xmlns:first="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/imports/imports007#" xml:base="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/imports/main007" > <owl:Ontology rdf:about=""> <owl:imports rdf:resource="imports007"/> </owl:Ontology> <owl:Thing> <first:p> <owl:Thing /> </first:p> </owl:Thing> </rdf:RDF>
<imports/main007> rdf:type owl:Ontology . <imports/main007> owl:imports <imports/imports007> . _:a rdf:type owl:Thing . _:b rdf:type owl:Thing . _:a first:p _:b .
Errors:
Incorrect copyright statement in imports007. Incorrect copyright statement in main007.

Lite	Imports Level Test:	008
Description: `<imports/Manifest008#test>`
Some RDFS files can have type declarations added to make a useful OWL Lite file.
Full	Imported document: `<imports/imports008>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" xmlns:first="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/imports/imports008#" xmlns:second="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/imports/main008#" xml:base="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/imports/imports008" > <rdfs:Class rdf:ID="sub"> <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="#super"/> </rdfs:Class> </rdf:RDF>
first:sub rdf:type rdfs:Class . first:sub rdfs:subClassOf first:super .
Lite	Main document: `<imports/main008>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" xmlns:first="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/imports/imports008#" xmlns:second="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/imports/main008#" xml:base="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/imports/main008" > <owl:Ontology rdf:about=""> <owl:imports rdf:resource="imports008"/> </owl:Ontology> <owl:Class rdf:about="imports008#sub"/> <owl:Class rdf:about="imports008#super"/> </rdf:RDF>
<imports/main008> rdf:type owl:Ontology . <imports/main008> owl:imports <imports/imports008> . first:sub rdf:type owl:Class . first:super rdf:type owl:Class .
Errors:
Incorrect copyright statement in imports008. Incorrect copyright statement in main008.

2.1.12. `owl:intersectionOf`

Full	Positive Entailment Test:	001
Description: `<intersectionOf/Manifest001#test>`
The order of the classes in an `intersectionOf` construct is unimportant.
Full	Premises: `<intersectionOf/premises001>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" xmlns:first="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/intersectionOf/premises001#" xml:base="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/intersectionOf/premises001" > <rdf:Description rdf:about="premises001#B"> <owl:intersectionOf rdf:parseType="Collection"> <rdf:Description rdf:about="premises001#Student"/> <rdf:Description rdf:about="premises001#Employee"/> </owl:intersectionOf> </rdf:Description> <rdf:Description rdf:about="premises001#C"> <owl:intersectionOf rdf:parseType="Collection"> <rdf:Description rdf:about="premises001#Employee"/> <rdf:Description rdf:about="premises001#Student"/> </owl:intersectionOf> </rdf:Description> <first:B rdf:about="premises001#John"/> </rdf:RDF>
_:a rdf:first first:Employee . _:a rdf:rest rdf:nil . _:a rdf:type rdf:List . _:b rdf:first first:Student . _:b rdf:rest _:a . _:b rdf:type rdf:List . first:B owl:intersectionOf _:b . _:c rdf:first first:Student . _:c rdf:rest rdf:nil . _:c rdf:type rdf:List . _:d rdf:first first:Employee . _:d rdf:rest _:c . _:d rdf:type rdf:List . first:C owl:intersectionOf _:d . first:John rdf:type first:B .
Full	Conclusions: `<intersectionOf/conclusions001>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:first="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/intersectionOf/premises001#" xml:base="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/intersectionOf/conclusions001" > <first:C rdf:about="premises001#John"/> </rdf:RDF>
first:John rdf:type first:C .
Errors:
Incorrect copyright statement in conclusions001. Incorrect copyright statement in premises001.

2.1.13. `owl:maxCardinality`

Full	Inconsistent document.	001
Description: `<maxCardinality/Manifest001#test>`
A property with maximum cardinality of two cannot take three distinct values on some subject node.
Full	Inconsistent: `<maxCardinality/inconsistent001>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" xmlns:first="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/maxCardinality/inconsistent001#" xml:base="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/maxCardinality/inconsistent001" > <rdf:Description rdf:about="inconsistent001#sb1"> <rdf:type rdf:parseType="Resource"> <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction"/> <owl:maxCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger" >2</owl:maxCardinality> <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="inconsistent001#prop"/> </rdf:type> <first:prop rdf:resource="inconsistent001#ob1"/> <first:prop rdf:resource="inconsistent001#ob2"/> <first:prop rdf:resource="inconsistent001#ob3"/> </rdf:Description> <rdf:Description rdf:about="inconsistent001#ob1"> <owl:differentIndividualFrom rdf:resource="inconsistent001#ob2"/> <owl:differentIndividualFrom rdf:resource="inconsistent001#ob3"/> </rdf:Description> <rdf:Description rdf:about="inconsistent001#ob2"> <owl:differentIndividualFrom rdf:resource="inconsistent001#ob3"/> </rdf:Description> <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="inconsistent001#prop"/> </rdf:RDF>
_:a rdf:type owl:Restriction . _:a owl:maxCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger . _:a owl:onProperty first:prop . first:sb1 rdf:type _:a . first:sb1 first:prop first:ob1 . first:sb1 first:prop first:ob2 . first:sb1 first:prop first:ob3 . first:ob1 owl:differentIndividualFrom first:ob2 . first:ob1 owl:differentIndividualFrom first:ob3 . first:ob2 owl:differentIndividualFrom first:ob3 . first:prop rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty .
Errors:
Incorrect copyright statement in inconsistent001.

Full	Inconsistent document.	002
Description: `<maxCardinality/Manifest002#test>`
A property with maximum cardinality of two cannot take three distinct values on some subject node. In this example, one of the three values is implicit.
Full	Inconsistent: `<maxCardinality/inconsistent002>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" xmlns:first="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/maxCardinality/inconsistent002#" xml:base="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/maxCardinality/inconsistent002" > <rdf:Description rdf:about="inconsistent002#sb1"> <rdf:type rdf:parseType="Resource"> <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction"/> <owl:maxCardinality>2</owl:maxCardinality> <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="inconsistent002#prop"/> </rdf:type> <first:prop rdf:resource="inconsistent002#ob1"/> <first:prop rdf:resource="inconsistent002#ob2"/> <first:otherprop rdf:resource="inconsistent002#ob3"/> </rdf:Description> <rdf:Description rdf:about="inconsistent002#ob1"> <owl:differentIndividualFrom rdf:resource="inconsistent002#ob2"/> <owl:differentIndividualFrom rdf:resource="inconsistent002#ob3"/> </rdf:Description> <rdf:Description rdf:about="inconsistent002#ob2"> <owl:differentIndividualFrom rdf:resource="inconsistent002#ob3"/> </rdf:Description> <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="inconsistent002#prop"/> <rdf:Description rdf:about="inconsistent002#otherprop"> <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="inconsistent002#prop"/> </rdf:Description> </rdf:RDF>
_:a rdf:type owl:Restriction . _:a owl:maxCardinality "2" . _:a owl:onProperty first:prop . first:sb1 rdf:type _:a . first:sb1 first:prop first:ob1 . first:sb1 first:prop first:ob2 . first:sb1 first:otherprop first:ob3 . first:ob1 owl:differentIndividualFrom first:ob2 . first:ob1 owl:differentIndividualFrom first:ob3 . first:ob2 owl:differentIndividualFrom first:ob3 . first:prop rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty . first:otherprop rdfs:subPropertyOf first:prop .
Errors:
Incorrect copyright statement in inconsistent002.

2.1.14. `owl:oneOf`

Full	Consistent document.	001
Description: `<oneOf/Manifest001#test>`
`oneOf` does not indicate that the named individuals are distinct. Thus a consistent interpretation of this file is when all the individual names denote the same individual.
Full	Consistent: `<oneOf/consistent001>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" xmlns:first="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/oneOf/consistent001#" xml:base="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/oneOf/consistent001" > <owl:Class> <owl:oneOf rdf:parseType="Collection"> <rdf:Description rdf:ID="amy"/> <rdf:Description rdf:ID="bob"/> <rdf:Description rdf:ID="caroline"/> </owl:oneOf> <owl:sameClassAs> <owl:Class> <owl:oneOf rdf:parseType="Collection"> <rdf:Description rdf:ID="yolanda"/> <rdf:Description rdf:ID="zebedee"/> </owl:oneOf> </owl:Class> </owl:sameClassAs> </owl:Class> </rdf:RDF>
_:a rdf:type owl:Class . _:b rdf:first first:caroline . _:b rdf:rest rdf:nil . _:b rdf:type rdf:List . _:c rdf:first first:bob . _:c rdf:rest _:b . _:c rdf:type rdf:List . _:d rdf:first first:amy . _:d rdf:rest _:c . _:d rdf:type rdf:List . _:a owl:oneOf _:d . _:e rdf:type owl:Class . _:f rdf:first first:zebedee . _:f rdf:rest rdf:nil . _:f rdf:type rdf:List . _:g rdf:first first:yolanda . _:g rdf:rest _:f . _:g rdf:type rdf:List . _:e owl:oneOf _:g . _:a owl:sameClassAs _:e .
Errors:
Incorrect copyright statement in consistent001.

Full	Positive Entailment Test:	002
Description: `<oneOf/Manifest002#test>`
`oneOf` describes a class by enumerating its individuals.
Full	Premises: `<oneOf/premises002>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" xmlns:first="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/oneOf/premises002#" xmlns:second="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/oneOf/conclusions002#" xml:base="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/oneOf/premises002" > <rdf:Description rdf:about="premises002#TShirt"> <owl:oneOf rdf:parseType="Collection"> <rdf:Description rdf:about="premises002#small"/> <rdf:Description rdf:about="premises002#medium"/> <rdf:Description rdf:about="premises002#large"/> </owl:oneOf> </rdf:Description> </rdf:RDF>
_:a rdf:first first:large . _:a rdf:rest rdf:nil . _:a rdf:type rdf:List . _:b rdf:first first:medium . _:b rdf:rest _:a . _:b rdf:type rdf:List . _:c rdf:first first:small . _:c rdf:rest _:b . _:c rdf:type rdf:List . first:TShirt owl:oneOf _:c .
Full	Conclusions: `<oneOf/conclusions002>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" xmlns:first="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/oneOf/premises002#" xmlns:second="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/oneOf/conclusions002#" xml:base="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/oneOf/conclusions002" > <first:TShirt rdf:about="premises002#small"/> </rdf:RDF>
first:small rdf:type first:TShirt .
Errors:
Incorrect copyright statement in conclusions002. Incorrect copyright statement in premises002.

Full	Positive Entailment Test:	003
Description: `<oneOf/Manifest003#test>`
The order of the instances in an `oneOf` construct is unimportant.
Full	Premises: `<oneOf/premises003>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" xmlns:first="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/oneOf/premises003#" xml:base="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/oneOf/premises003" > <rdf:Description rdf:about="premises003#T1"> <owl:oneOf rdf:parseType="Collection"> <rdf:Description rdf:about="premises003#small"/> <rdf:Description rdf:about="premises003#medium"/> <rdf:Description rdf:about="premises003#large"/> </owl:oneOf> </rdf:Description> <rdf:Description rdf:about="premises003#T2"> <owl:oneOf rdf:parseType="Collection"> <rdf:Description rdf:about="premises003#large"/> <rdf:Description rdf:about="premises003#medium"/> <rdf:Description rdf:about="premises003#small"/> </owl:oneOf> </rdf:Description> <first:T1 rdf:about="premises003#myT"/> </rdf:RDF>
_:a rdf:first first:large . _:a rdf:rest rdf:nil . _:a rdf:type rdf:List . _:b rdf:first first:medium . _:b rdf:rest _:a . _:b rdf:type rdf:List . _:c rdf:first first:small . _:c rdf:rest _:b . _:c rdf:type rdf:List . first:T1 owl:oneOf _:c . _:d rdf:first first:small . _:d rdf:rest rdf:nil . _:d rdf:type rdf:List . _:e rdf:first first:medium . _:e rdf:rest _:d . _:e rdf:type rdf:List . _:f rdf:first first:large . _:f rdf:rest _:e . _:f rdf:type rdf:List . first:T2 owl:oneOf _:f . first:myT rdf:type first:T1 .
Full	Conclusions: `<oneOf/conclusions003>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:first="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/oneOf/premises003#" xml:base="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/oneOf/conclusions003" > <first:T2 rdf:about="premises003#myT"/> </rdf:RDF>
first:myT rdf:type first:T2 .
Errors:
Incorrect copyright statement in conclusions003. Incorrect copyright statement in premises003.

2.1.15. `owl:sameClassAs`

Lite	Positive Entailment Test:	001
Description: `<sameClassAs/Manifest001#test>`
Two classes may be different names for the same set of individuals
Lite	Premises: `<sameClassAs/premises001>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" xmlns:first="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/sameClassAs/premises001#" xml:base="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/sameClassAs/premises001" > <owl:Class rdf:ID="Car"> <owl:sameClassAs> <owl:Class rdf:ID="Automobile"/> </owl:sameClassAs> </owl:Class> <first:Car rdf:ID="car"> <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Thing" /> </first:Car> <first:Automobile rdf:ID="auto"> <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Thing" /> </first:Automobile> </rdf:RDF>
first:Car rdf:type owl:Class . first:Automobile rdf:type owl:Class . first:Car owl:sameClassAs first:Automobile . first:car rdf:type first:Car . first:car rdf:type owl:Thing . first:auto rdf:type first:Automobile . first:auto rdf:type owl:Thing .
Lite	Conclusions: `<sameClassAs/conclusions001>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" xmlns:first="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/sameClassAs/premises001#" xml:base="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/sameClassAs/conclusions001" > <first:Car rdf:about="premises001#auto"> <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Thing" /> </first:Car> <first:Automobile rdf:about="premises001#car"> <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Thing" /> </first:Automobile> </rdf:RDF>
first:auto rdf:type first:Car . first:auto rdf:type owl:Thing . first:car rdf:type first:Automobile . first:car rdf:type owl:Thing .
Errors:
Incorrect copyright statement in premises001. Incorrect copyright statement in conclusions001.

Lite	Positive Entailment Test:	002
Description: `<sameClassAs/Manifest002#test>`
Two classes may be different names for the same set of individuals
Lite	Premises: `<sameClassAs/premises002>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" xml:base="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/sameClassAs/premises002" > <owl:Class rdf:ID="Car"> <owl:sameClassAs> <owl:Class rdf:ID="Automobile"/> </owl:sameClassAs> </owl:Class> </rdf:RDF>
first:Car rdf:type owl:Class . first:Automobile rdf:type owl:Class . first:Car owl:sameClassAs first:Automobile .
Lite	Conclusions: `<sameClassAs/conclusions002>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" xml:base="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/sameClassAs/conclusions002" > <owl:Class rdf:about="premises002#Car"> <rdfs:subClassOf> <owl:Class rdf:about="premises002#Automobile"> <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="premises002#Car" /> </owl:Class> </rdfs:subClassOf> </owl:Class> </rdf:RDF>
first:Car rdf:type owl:Class . first:Automobile rdf:type owl:Class . first:Automobile rdfs:subClassOf first:Car . first:Car rdfs:subClassOf first:Automobile .
Errors:
Incorrect copyright statement in premises002. Incorrect copyright statement in conclusions002.

Lite	Positive Entailment Test:	003
Description: `<sameClassAs/Manifest003#test>`
Two classes may be different names for the same set of individuals
Lite	Premises: `<sameClassAs/premises003>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" xml:base="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/sameClassAs/premises003" > <owl:Class rdf:about="conclusions003#Car"> <rdfs:subClassOf> <owl:Class rdf:about="conclusions003#Automobile"> <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="conclusions003#Car" /> </owl:Class> </rdfs:subClassOf> </owl:Class> </rdf:RDF>
second:Car rdf:type owl:Class . second:Automobile rdf:type owl:Class . second:Automobile rdfs:subClassOf second:Car . second:Car rdfs:subClassOf second:Automobile .
Lite	Conclusions: `<sameClassAs/conclusions003>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" xml:base="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/sameClassAs/conclusions003" > <owl:Class rdf:ID="Car"> <owl:sameClassAs> <owl:Class rdf:ID="Automobile"/> </owl:sameClassAs> </owl:Class> </rdf:RDF>
second:Car rdf:type owl:Class . second:Automobile rdf:type owl:Class . second:Car owl:sameClassAs second:Automobile .
Errors:
Incorrect copyright statement in premises003. Incorrect copyright statement in conclusions003.

Lite	Positive Entailment Test:	004
Description: `<sameClassAs/Manifest004#test>`
Two classes with the same complete description are the same.
Lite	Premises: `<sameClassAs/premises004>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" xml:base="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/sameClassAs/premises004" > <owl:Class rdf:ID="c1"> <owl:sameClassAs> <rdf:Description> <owl:intersectionOf rdf:parseType="Collection"> <owl:Restriction> <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="#p"/> <owl:cardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger" >1</owl:cardinality> </owl:Restriction> </owl:intersectionOf> </rdf:Description> </owl:sameClassAs> </owl:Class> <owl:Class rdf:ID="c2"> <owl:sameClassAs> <rdf:Description> <owl:intersectionOf rdf:parseType="Collection"> <owl:Restriction> <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="#p"/> <owl:cardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger" >1</owl:cardinality> </owl:Restriction> </owl:intersectionOf> </rdf:Description> </owl:sameClassAs> </owl:Class> <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:ID="p"/> </rdf:RDF>
first:c1 rdf:type owl:Class . _:a rdf:type owl:Restriction . _:a owl:onProperty first:p . _:a owl:cardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger . _:b rdf:first _:a . _:b rdf:rest rdf:nil . _:b rdf:type rdf:List . _:c owl:intersectionOf _:b . first:c1 owl:sameClassAs _:c . first:c2 rdf:type owl:Class . _:d rdf:type owl:Restriction . _:d owl:onProperty first:p . _:d owl:cardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger . _:e rdf:first _:d . _:e rdf:rest rdf:nil . _:e rdf:type rdf:List . _:f owl:intersectionOf _:e . first:c2 owl:sameClassAs _:f . first:p rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty .
Lite	Conclusions: `<sameClassAs/conclusions004>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" xml:base="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/sameClassAs/conclusions004" > <owl:Class rdf:about="premises004#c1"> <owl:sameClassAs> <owl:Class rdf:about="premises004#c2"/> </owl:sameClassAs> </owl:Class> </rdf:RDF>
first:c1 rdf:type owl:Class . first:c2 rdf:type owl:Class . first:c1 owl:sameClassAs first:c2 .
Errors:
Incorrect copyright statement in premises004. Incorrect copyright statement in conclusions004.

Lite	Negative Entailment Test:	005
Description: `<sameClassAs/Manifest005#test>`
Two classes with the same partial description are not the same.
Lite	Premises: `<sameClassAs/premises005>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" xml:base="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/sameClassAs/premises005" > <owl:Class rdf:ID="c1"> <rdfs:subClassOf> <rdf:Description> <owl:intersectionOf rdf:parseType="Collection"> <owl:Restriction> <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="#p"/> <owl:cardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger" >1</owl:cardinality> </owl:Restriction> </owl:intersectionOf> </rdf:Description> </rdfs:subClassOf> </owl:Class> <owl:Class rdf:ID="c2"> <rdfs:subClassOf> <rdf:Description> <owl:intersectionOf rdf:parseType="Collection"> <owl:Restriction> <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="#p"/> <owl:cardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger" >1</owl:cardinality> </owl:Restriction> </owl:intersectionOf> </rdf:Description> </rdfs:subClassOf> </owl:Class> <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:ID="p"/> </rdf:RDF>
first:c1 rdf:type owl:Class . _:a rdf:type owl:Restriction . _:a owl:onProperty first:p . _:a owl:cardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger . _:b rdf:first _:a . _:b rdf:rest rdf:nil . _:b rdf:type rdf:List . _:c owl:intersectionOf _:b . first:c1 rdfs:subClassOf _:c . first:c2 rdf:type owl:Class . _:d rdf:type owl:Restriction . _:d owl:onProperty first:p . _:d owl:cardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger . _:e rdf:first _:d . _:e rdf:rest rdf:nil . _:e rdf:type rdf:List . _:f owl:intersectionOf _:e . first:c2 rdfs:subClassOf _:f . first:p rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty .
Lite	Conclusions: `<sameClassAs/nonconclusions005>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" xml:base="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/sameClassAs/nonconclusions005" > <owl:Class rdf:about="premises005#c1"> <owl:sameClassAs> <owl:Class rdf:about="premises005#c2"/> </owl:sameClassAs> </owl:Class> </rdf:RDF>
first:c1 rdf:type owl:Class . first:c2 rdf:type owl:Class . first:c1 owl:sameClassAs first:c2 .
Errors:
Incorrect copyright statement in premises005. Incorrect copyright statement in nonconclusions005.

2.1.16. `owl:samePropertyAs`

Lite	Positive Entailment Test:	001
Description: `<samePropertyAs/Manifest001#test>`
`hasLeader` may be stated to be the `samePropertyAs` `hasHead`.
Lite	Premises: `<samePropertyAs/premises001>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" xmlns:first="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/samePropertyAs/premises001#" xml:base="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/samePropertyAs/premises001" > <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:ID="hasHead"> <owl:samePropertyAs> <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:ID="hasLeader"/> </owl:samePropertyAs> </owl:ObjectProperty> <owl:Thing rdf:ID="X"> <first:hasLeader> <owl:Thing rdf:ID="Y"/> </first:hasLeader> </owl:Thing> </rdf:RDF>
first:hasHead rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty . first:hasLeader rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty . first:hasHead owl:samePropertyAs first:hasLeader . first:X rdf:type owl:Thing . first:Y rdf:type owl:Thing . first:X first:hasLeader first:Y .
Lite	Conclusions: `<samePropertyAs/conclusions001>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" xmlns:first="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/samePropertyAs/premises001#" xml:base="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/samePropertyAs/conclusions001" > <owl:Thing rdf:about="premises001#X"> <first:hasHead rdf:resource="premises001#Y"/> </owl:Thing> <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="premises001#hasHead"/> </rdf:RDF>
first:X rdf:type owl:Thing . first:X first:hasHead first:Y . first:hasHead rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty .
Errors:
Incorrect copyright statement in premises001. Incorrect copyright statement in conclusions001.

Lite	Positive Entailment Test:	002
Description: `<samePropertyAs/Manifest002#test>`
A reasoner can also deduce that `hasLeader` is a `subProperty` of `hasHead` and `hasHead` is a `subProperty` of `hasLeader`.
Lite	Premises: `<samePropertyAs/premises002>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" xmlns:first="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/samePropertyAs/premises002#" xml:base="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/samePropertyAs/premises002" > <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:ID="hasHead"> <owl:samePropertyAs> <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:ID="hasLeader"/> </owl:samePropertyAs> </owl:ObjectProperty> </rdf:RDF>
first:hasHead rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty . first:hasLeader rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty . first:hasHead owl:samePropertyAs first:hasLeader .
Lite	Conclusions: `<samePropertyAs/conclusions002>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" xmlns:first="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/samePropertyAs/premises002#" xml:base="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/samePropertyAs/conclusions002" > <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="premises002#hasHead"> <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="premises002#hasLeader"/> </owl:ObjectProperty> <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="premises002#hasLeader"> <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="premises002#hasHead"/> </owl:ObjectProperty> </rdf:RDF>
first:hasHead rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty . first:hasHead rdfs:subPropertyOf first:hasLeader . first:hasLeader rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty . first:hasLeader rdfs:subPropertyOf first:hasHead .
Errors:
Incorrect copyright statement in premises002. Incorrect copyright statement in conclusions002.

Lite	Positive Entailment Test:	003
Description: `<samePropertyAs/Manifest003#test>`
The inverse entailment also holds.
Lite	Premises: `<samePropertyAs/premises003>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" xml:base="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/samePropertyAs/premises003" > <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="conclusions003#hasHead"> <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="conclusions003#hasLeader"/> </owl:ObjectProperty> <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="conclusions003#hasLeader"> <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="conclusions003#hasHead"/> </owl:ObjectProperty> </rdf:RDF>
second:hasHead rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty . second:hasHead rdfs:subPropertyOf second:hasLeader . second:hasLeader rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty . second:hasLeader rdfs:subPropertyOf second:hasHead .
Lite	Conclusions: `<samePropertyAs/conclusions003>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" xml:base="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/samePropertyAs/conclusions003" > <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:ID="hasHead"> <owl:samePropertyAs> <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:ID="hasLeader"/> </owl:samePropertyAs> </owl:ObjectProperty> </rdf:RDF>
second:hasHead rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty . second:hasLeader rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty . second:hasHead owl:samePropertyAs second:hasLeader .
Errors:
Incorrect copyright statement in premises003. Incorrect copyright statement in conclusions003.

DL	Positive Entailment Test:	004
Description: `<samePropertyAs/Manifest004#test>`
If `p` and `q` have the same property extension then they `p` `samePropertyAs` `q`.
DL	Premises: `<samePropertyAs/premises004>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" xml:base="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/samePropertyAs/premises004" > <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:ID="p"> <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="#d"/> </owl:ObjectProperty> <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:ID="q"> <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="#d"/> </owl:ObjectProperty> <owl:FunctionalProperty rdf:about="#q"/> <owl:FunctionalProperty rdf:about="#p"/> <owl:Thing rdf:ID="v"/> <owl:Class rdf:ID="d"> <owl:sameClassAs> <rdf:Description> <owl:intersectionOf rdf:parseType="Collection"> <owl:Restriction> <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="#p"/> <owl:hasValue rdf:resource="#v"/> </owl:Restriction> </owl:intersectionOf> </rdf:Description> </owl:sameClassAs> <owl:sameClassAs> <rdf:Description> <owl:intersectionOf rdf:parseType="Collection"> <owl:Restriction> <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="#q"/> <owl:hasValue rdf:resource="#v"/> </owl:Restriction> </owl:intersectionOf> </rdf:Description> </owl:sameClassAs> </owl:Class> </rdf:RDF>
first:p rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty . first:p rdfs:domain first:d . first:q rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty . first:q rdfs:domain first:d . first:q rdf:type owl:FunctionalProperty . first:p rdf:type owl:FunctionalProperty . first:v rdf:type owl:Thing . first:d rdf:type owl:Class . _:a rdf:type owl:Restriction . _:a owl:onProperty first:p . _:a owl:hasValue first:v . _:b rdf:first _:a . _:b rdf:rest rdf:nil . _:b rdf:type rdf:List . _:c owl:intersectionOf _:b . first:d owl:sameClassAs _:c . _:d rdf:type owl:Restriction . _:d owl:onProperty first:q . _:d owl:hasValue first:v . _:e rdf:first _:d . _:e rdf:rest rdf:nil . _:e rdf:type rdf:List . _:f owl:intersectionOf _:e . first:d owl:sameClassAs _:f .
Lite	Conclusions: `<samePropertyAs/conclusions004>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" xml:base="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/samePropertyAs/conclusions004" > <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="premises004#p"> <owl:samePropertyAs> <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="premises004#q"/> </owl:samePropertyAs> </owl:ObjectProperty> </rdf:RDF>
first:p rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty . first:q rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty . first:p owl:samePropertyAs first:q .
Errors:
Incorrect copyright statement in premises004. Incorrect copyright statement in conclusions004.

Full	Positive Entailment Test:	005
Description: `<samePropertyAs/Manifest005#test>`
If `p` and `q` have the same property extension then they `p` `samePropertyAs` `q`.
Full	Premises: `<samePropertyAs/premises005>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" xml:base="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/samePropertyAs/premises005" > <owl:FunctionalProperty rdf:about="#q"> <rdfs:domain rdf:nodeID="d"/> </owl:FunctionalProperty> <owl:FunctionalProperty rdf:about="#p"> <rdfs:domain rdf:nodeID="d"/> </owl:FunctionalProperty> <owl:Restriction rdf:nodeID="d"> <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="#p"/> <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="#q"/> <owl:hasValue rdf:resource="#v"/> </owl:Restriction> </rdf:RDF>
first:q rdf:type owl:FunctionalProperty . first:q rdfs:domain _:a . first:p rdf:type owl:FunctionalProperty . first:p rdfs:domain _:a . _:a rdf:type owl:Restriction . _:a owl:onProperty first:p . _:a owl:onProperty first:q . _:a owl:hasValue first:v .
Full	Conclusions: `<samePropertyAs/conclusions005>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" xml:base="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/samePropertyAs/conclusions005" > <rdf:Description rdf:about="premises005#p"> <owl:samePropertyAs rdf:resource="premises005#q"/> </rdf:Description> </rdf:RDF>
first:p owl:samePropertyAs first:q .
Errors:
Incorrect copyright statement in premises005. Incorrect copyright statement in conclusions005.

Full	Positive Entailment Test:	006
Description: `<samePropertyAs/Manifest006#test>`
`hasLeader` may be stated to be the `samePropertyAs` `hasHead`.
Full	Premises: `<samePropertyAs/premises006>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" xmlns:first="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/samePropertyAs/premises006#" xml:base="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/samePropertyAs/premises006" > <rdf:Description rdf:ID="hasHead"> <owl:samePropertyAs> <rdf:Description rdf:ID="hasLeader"/> </owl:samePropertyAs> </rdf:Description> <rdf:Description rdf:ID="X"> <first:hasLeader> <rdf:Description rdf:ID="Y"/> </first:hasLeader> </rdf:Description> </rdf:RDF>
first:hasHead owl:samePropertyAs first:hasLeader . first:X first:hasLeader first:Y .
Full	Conclusions: `<samePropertyAs/conclusions006>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:first="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/samePropertyAs/premises006#" xml:base="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/samePropertyAs/conclusions006" > <rdf:Description rdf:about="premises006#X"> <first:hasHead rdf:resource="premises006#Y" /> </rdf:Description> </rdf:RDF>
first:X first:hasHead first:Y .
Errors:
Incorrect copyright statement in premises006. Incorrect copyright statement in conclusions006.

2.1.17. `owl:someValuesFrom`

Full	Negative Entailment Test:	002
Description: `<someValuesFrom/Manifest002#test>`
See allValuesFrom
Full	Premises: `<someValuesFrom/premises002>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" xmlns:first="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/someValuesFrom/premises002#" xml:base="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/someValuesFrom/premises002" > <owl:Class rdf:ID="r"> <rdfs:subClassOf> <owl:Restriction> <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="#p"/> <owl:someValuesFrom rdf:resource="#c"/> </owl:Restriction> </rdfs:subClassOf> </owl:Class> <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:ID="p"/> <owl:Class rdf:ID="c"/> <first:r rdf:ID="i"> <first:p rdf:resource="#o"/> </first:r> </rdf:RDF>
first:r rdf:type owl:Class . _:a rdf:type owl:Restriction . _:a owl:onProperty first:p . _:a owl:someValuesFrom first:c . first:r rdfs:subClassOf _:a . first:p rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty . first:c rdf:type owl:Class . first:i rdf:type first:r . first:i first:p first:o .
Full	Conclusions: `<someValuesFrom/nonconclusions002>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:first="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/someValuesFrom/premises002#" xml:base="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/someValuesFrom/conclusions002" > <first:c rdf:about="premises001#o"/> </rdf:RDF>
<someValuesFrom/premises001#o> rdf:type first:c .
Errors:
Incorrect copyright statement in premises002. Incorrect copyright statement in nonconclusions002.

2.1.18. `owl:unionOf`

Full	Positive Entailment Test:	001
Description: `<unionOf/Manifest001#test>`
A union is a superclass of its parts.
Full	Premises: `<unionOf/premises001>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" xmlns:first="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/unionOf/premises001#" xmlns:second="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/unionOf/conclusions001#" xml:base="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/unionOf/premises001" > <rdf:Description rdf:about="premises001#A"> <owl:unionOf rdf:parseType="Collection"> <rdf:Description rdf:about="premises001#Human"/> <rdf:Description rdf:about="premises001#Animal"/> </owl:unionOf> </rdf:Description> <first:Human rdf:about="premises001#John"/> </rdf:RDF>
_:a rdf:first first:Animal . _:a rdf:rest rdf:nil . _:a rdf:type rdf:List . _:b rdf:first first:Human . _:b rdf:rest _:a . _:b rdf:type rdf:List . first:A owl:unionOf _:b . first:John rdf:type first:Human .
Full	Conclusions: `<unionOf/conclusions001>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" xmlns:first="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/unionOf/premises001#" xmlns:second="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/unionOf/conclusions001#" xml:base="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/unionOf/conclusions001" > <first:A rdf:about="premises001#John"/> </rdf:RDF>
first:John rdf:type first:A .
Errors:
Incorrect copyright statement in premises001. Incorrect copyright statement in conclusions001.

Full	Positive Entailment Test:	002
Description: `<unionOf/Manifest002#test>`
A union behaves quite like set theoretic union.
Full	Premises: `<unionOf/premises002>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" xmlns:first="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/unionOf/premises002#" xmlns:second="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/unionOf/conclusions002#" xml:base="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/unionOf/premises002" > <rdf:Description rdf:about="premises002#A"> <owl:unionOf rdf:parseType="Collection"> <rdf:Description rdf:about="premises002#Human"/> <rdf:Description rdf:about="premises002#Animal"/> </owl:unionOf> </rdf:Description> <rdf:Description rdf:about="premises002#B"> <owl:unionOf rdf:parseType="Collection"> <rdf:Description rdf:about="premises002#Animal"/> <rdf:Description rdf:about="premises002#Human"/> <rdf:Description rdf:about="premises002#Stone"/> </owl:unionOf> </rdf:Description> <first:A rdf:about="premises002#John"/> </rdf:RDF>
_:a rdf:first first:Animal . _:a rdf:rest rdf:nil . _:a rdf:type rdf:List . _:b rdf:first first:Human . _:b rdf:rest _:a . _:b rdf:type rdf:List . first:A owl:unionOf _:b . _:c rdf:first first:Stone . _:c rdf:rest rdf:nil . _:c rdf:type rdf:List . _:d rdf:first first:Human . _:d rdf:rest _:c . _:d rdf:type rdf:List . _:e rdf:first first:Animal . _:e rdf:rest _:d . _:e rdf:type rdf:List . first:B owl:unionOf _:e . first:John rdf:type first:A .
Full	Conclusions: `<unionOf/conclusions002>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" xmlns:first="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/unionOf/premises002#" xmlns:second="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/unionOf/conclusions002#" xml:base="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/unionOf/conclusions002" > <first:B rdf:about="premises002#John"/> </rdf:RDF>
first:John rdf:type first:B .
Errors:
Incorrect copyright statement in premises002. Incorrect copyright statement in conclusions002.

2.2. By Issue

2.2.1. UnambiguousProperty

Lite	Illegal use of OWL namespace.	001
Description: `<I3.4/Manifest001#test>`
This is not legal OWL. The name `UnambiguousProperty` is not in the OWL namespace. `daml:UnambiguousProperty` corresponds to `owl:InverseFunctionalProperty`.
Lite	Incorrect: `<I3.4/bad001>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:owl ="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" > <owl:UnambiguousProperty rdf:ID="Name"/> </rdf:RDF>
first:Name rdf:type owl:UnambiguousProperty .
Errors:
Incorrect copyright statement in bad001.

2.2.2. UniqueProp BadName

Lite	Illegal use of OWL namespace.	001
Description: `<I4.1/Manifest001#test>`
This is not legal OWL. The name `UniqueProperty` is not in the OWL namespace. `daml:UniqueProperty` corresponds to `owl:FunctionalProperty`.
Lite	Incorrect: `<I4.1/bad001>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:owl ="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" > <owl:UniqueProperty rdf:ID="Name"/> </rdf:RDF>
first:Name rdf:type owl:UniqueProperty .
Errors:
Incorrect copyright statement in bad001.

2.2.3. EquivalentTo

Full	Positive Entailment Test:	001
Description: `<I4.6/Manifest001#test>`
`sameAs` and `sameIndividualAs` are equivalent.
Full	Premises: `<I4.6/premises001>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" xml:base="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/I4.6/premises001" > <rdf:Description rdf:ID="A"> <owl:sameAs rdf:resource="#B"/> </rdf:Description> </rdf:RDF>
first:A owl:sameAs first:B .
Lite	Conclusions: `<I4.6/conclusions001>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" xml:base="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/I4.6/conclusions001" > <owl:Thing rdf:about="premises001#A"> <owl:sameIndividualAs> <owl:Thing rdf:about="premises001#B"/> </owl:sameIndividualAs> </owl:Thing> </rdf:RDF>
first:A rdf:type owl:Thing . first:B rdf:type owl:Thing . first:A owl:sameIndividualAs first:B .
Errors:
Incorrect copyright statement in premises001. Incorrect copyright statement in conclusions001.

Full	Positive Entailment Test:	002
Description: `<I4.6/Manifest002#test>`
`sameAs` and `sameIndividualAs` are equivalent.
Full	Premises: `<I4.6/premises002>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" xml:base="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/I4.6/premises002" > <rdf:Description rdf:ID="A"> <owl:sameIndividualAs rdf:resource="#B"/> </rdf:Description> </rdf:RDF>
first:A owl:sameIndividualAs first:B .
Full	Conclusions: `<I4.6/conclusions002>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" xml:base="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/I4.6/conclusions002" > <owl:Thing rdf:about="premises002#A"> <owl:sameAs> <owl:Thing rdf:about="premises002#B"/> </owl:sameAs> </owl:Thing> </rdf:RDF>
first:A rdf:type owl:Thing . first:B rdf:type owl:Thing . first:A owl:sameAs first:B .
Errors:
Incorrect copyright statement in premises002. Incorrect copyright statement in conclusions002.

2.2.4. Uniform treatment of literal data values

Full	Positive Entailment Test:	001
Description: `<I5.1/Manifest001#test>`
stateCode example using an inverseFunctionalProperty and literals
Namespaces:
@prefix NS0: <http://example.org/vocab#> .
Full	Premises: `<I5.1/premises001>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf='http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#' xmlns:NS0='http://example.org/vocab#' > <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID='A0'> <NS0:stateCode>KS</NS0:stateCode> <NS0:population>2688418</NS0:population> </rdf:Description> <rdf:Description rdf:about='http://example.org/vocab#stateCode'> <rdf:type rdf:resource='http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#InverseFunctionalProperty'/> </rdf:Description> <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID='A1'> <NS0:stateCode>KS</NS0:stateCode> <NS0:stateBird rdf:resource='http://example.org/vocab#WesternMeadowlark'/> </rdf:Description> </rdf:RDF>
_:a NS0:stateCode "KS" . _:a NS0:population "2688418" . NS0:stateCode rdf:type owl:InverseFunctionalProperty . _:b NS0:stateCode "KS" . _:b NS0:stateBird NS0:WesternMeadowlark .
Full	Conclusions: `<I5.1/conclusions001>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf='http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#' xmlns:NS0='http://example.org/vocab#' > <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID='A0'> <NS0:population>2688418</NS0:population> <NS0:stateBird rdf:resource='http://example.org/vocab#WesternMeadowlark'/> </rdf:Description> </rdf:RDF>
_:a NS0:population "2688418" . _:a NS0:stateBird NS0:WesternMeadowlark .
Errors:
Incorrect copyright statement in conclusions001. Incorrect copyright statement in premises001.

2.2.5. IF-or-IFF-property-properties

Full	Positive Entailment Test:	001
Description: `<I5.24/Manifest001#test>`
This entailment is similar to one that does not hold in RDFS.
Full	Premises: `<I5.24/premises001>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" xml:base="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/I5.24/premises001" > <rdf:Property rdf:ID="prop"> <rdfs:range> <owl:Class rdf:ID="A"> <rdfs:subClassOf> <owl:Class rdf:ID="B"/> </rdfs:subClassOf> </owl:Class> </rdfs:range> </rdf:Property> </rdf:RDF>
first:prop rdf:type rdf:Property . first:A rdf:type owl:Class . first:B rdf:type owl:Class . first:A rdfs:subClassOf first:B . first:prop rdfs:range first:A .
Full	Conclusions: `<I5.24/conclusions001>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" xml:base="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/I5.24/conclusions001" > <rdf:Property rdf:about="premises001#prop"> <rdfs:range> <owl:Class rdf:about="premises001#B"/> </rdfs:range> </rdf:Property> </rdf:RDF>
first:prop rdf:type rdf:Property . first:B rdf:type owl:Class . first:prop rdfs:range first:B .
Errors:
Incorrect copyright statement in premises001. Incorrect copyright statement in conclusions001.

Full	Positive Entailment Test:	004
Description: `<I5.24/Manifest004#test>`
This is a typical definition of range from description logic. It works both ways.
Full	Premises: `<I5.24/premises004>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" xml:base="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/I5.24/premises004" > <owl:Thing> <rdfs:subClassOf> <owl:Restriction> <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="conclusions004#prop"/> <owl:allValuesFrom> <owl:Class rdf:about="conclusions004#A"/> </owl:allValuesFrom> </owl:Restriction> </rdfs:subClassOf> </owl:Thing> </rdf:RDF>
_:a rdf:type owl:Thing . _:b rdf:type owl:Restriction . _:b owl:onProperty second:prop . second:A rdf:type owl:Class . _:b owl:allValuesFrom second:A . _:a rdfs:subClassOf _:b .
Full	Conclusions: `<I5.24/conclusions004>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" xml:base="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/I5.24/conclusions004" > <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:ID="prop"> <rdfs:range rdf:resource="#A"/> </owl:ObjectProperty> </rdf:RDF>
second:prop rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty . second:prop rdfs:range second:A .
Errors:
Incorrect copyright statement in premises004. Incorrect copyright statement in conclusions004.

2.2.6. Semantic-Layering

Full	Consistent document.	005
Description: `<I5.3/Manifest005#test>`
Any RDF/XML document is in OWL Full.
Full	Consistent: `<I5.3/consistent005>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:first="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/I5.3/consistent005#" xml:base="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/I5.3/consistent005" > <rdf:Description> <first:p > <rdf:Description /> </first:p> </rdf:Description> </rdf:RDF>
_:a first:p _:b .
Errors:
Incorrect copyright statement in consistent005.

Lite	Consistent document.	006
Description: `<I5.3/Manifest006#test>`
A minimal OWL Lite version of test 005.
Lite	Consistent: `<I5.3/consistent006>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" xmlns:first="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/I5.3/consistent006#" xml:base="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/I5.3/consistent006" > <owl:Thing> <first:p> <owl:Thing/> </first:p> </owl:Thing> <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:ID="p" /> </rdf:RDF>
_:a rdf:type owl:Thing . _:b rdf:type owl:Thing . _:a first:p _:b . first:p rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty .
Errors:
Incorrect copyright statement in consistent006.

Full	Consistent document.	007
Description: `<I5.3/Manifest007#test>`
Any RDF/XML document is in OWL Full.
Full	Consistent: `<I5.3/consistent007>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:first="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/I5.3/consistent007#" xml:base="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/I5.3/consistent007" > <rdf:Description> <first:dp>value</first:dp> </rdf:Description> </rdf:RDF>
_:a first:dp "value" .
Errors:
Incorrect copyright statement in consistent007.

Lite	Consistent document.	008
Description: `<I5.3/Manifest008#test>`
An OWL Lite version of test 007.
Lite	Consistent: `<I5.3/consistent008>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" xmlns:first="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/I5.3/consistent008#" xml:base="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/I5.3/consistent008" > <owl:Thing> <first:dp>value</first:dp> </owl:Thing> <owl:DatatypeProperty rdf:ID="dp" /> </rdf:RDF>
_:a rdf:type owl:Thing . _:a first:dp "value" . first:dp rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty .
Errors:
Incorrect copyright statement in consistent008.

Full	Consistent document.	009
Description: `<I5.3/Manifest009#test>`
The use of blank nodes in OWL DL and OWL Lite is restricted.
Full	Consistent: `<I5.3/consistent009>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" xmlns:first="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/I5.3/consistent009#" xml:base="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/I5.3/consistent009" > <owl:Thing> <first:p rdf:nodeID="shared" /> <first:q rdf:nodeID="shared" /> </owl:Thing> <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:ID="p" /> <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:ID="q" /> </rdf:RDF>
_:a rdf:type owl:Thing . _:a first:p _:b . _:a first:q _:b . first:p rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty . first:q rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty .
Errors:
Incorrect copyright statement in consistent009.

2.2.7. List syntax or semantics

Full	Positive Entailment Test:	001
Description: `<I5.5/Manifest001#test>`
rdf:first is a FunctionalProperty.
Full	Premises: `<I5.5/premises001>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" > </rdf:RDF>

Full	Conclusions: `<I5.5/conclusions001>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" > <owl:FunctionalProperty rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first" /> </rdf:RDF>
rdf:first rdf:type owl:FunctionalProperty .
Errors:
Incorrect copyright statement in premises001. Incorrect copyright statement in conclusions001.

Full	Positive Entailment Test:	002
Description: `<I5.5/Manifest002#test>`
rdf:rest is a FunctionalProperty.
Full	Premises: `<I5.5/premises002>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" > </rdf:RDF>

Full	Conclusions: `<I5.5/conclusions002>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" > <owl:FunctionalProperty rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest" /> </rdf:RDF>
rdf:rest rdf:type owl:FunctionalProperty .
Errors:
Incorrect copyright statement in premises002. Incorrect copyright statement in conclusions002.

Full	Inconsistent document.	003
Description: `<I5.5/Manifest003#test>`
rdf:nil cannot have an rdf:rest property.
Full	Inconsistent: `<I5.5/inconsistent003>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xml:base="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/I5.5/inconsistent003" > <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil"> <rdf:rest> <rdf:Description /> </rdf:rest> </rdf:Description> </rdf:RDF>
rdf:nil rdf:rest _:a .
Errors:
Incorrect copyright statement in inconsistent003.

Full	Inconsistent document.	004
Description: `<I5.5/Manifest004#test>`
rdf:nil cannot have an rdf:first property.
Full	Inconsistent: `<I5.5/inconsistent004>`
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xml:base="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/I5.5/inconsistent003" > <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil"> <rdf:first> <rdf:Description /> </rdf:first> </rdf:Description> </rdf:RDF>
rdf:nil rdf:first _:a .
Errors:
Incorrect copyright statement in inconsistent004.

2.3. Additional Description Logic Tests

These tests are ones that are either known from the literature (specifically from [DL ref-1] and [DL ref-2]), or from test suites contributed by DL implementors (specifically some group and some other group).

Some actual tests in this category ...

2.4. Miscellaneous Tests

These tests, taken from the [OWL Guide], are ones that do not fit any other category.

wine.owl, and food.owl by reference rather than verbatim ...

2.5. Extra Credit

There is no expectation that any implementation will successful run the tests in this section; any that do gain extra credit.

The intent is to illustrate the semantics of OWL, particularly OWL Full, as specified by [OWL Abstract Syntax and Semantics], with the specific goal of showing that it is possible to say things that it is not reasonable to expect an implementation to completely understand.

Some actual tests in this category ... Tests concerning prime factorization. tests concerning dominos and transitiveproperties with cardinality constraints. Tests concerning peculiar extensions of the OWL vocabulary.