Guideline 1.1 updated proposal

Level 1 SC1

Current wording: For all non-text content that is functional, such as graphical links or buttons, text alternatives serve the same purpose as the non-text content.

Proposal 1

Proposal 1: For all non-text content that is functional, text alternatives serve the same purpose as the non-text content.

Rationale: Delete the phrase ", such as graphical links or buttons." as suggested in Issue 1486. This definition of non-text content excludes applets and widgets. This means that functional non-text content is capable of performing a single action, unlike applets and widgets which may be capable of performing more than one function and for which a text alternative is unable to serve the same purpose. A text alternative for an applet can only identify the function. An alternative mechanism should be covered by a combination of Guideline 4.2 and baseline.

Assumes the following definitions:

non-text content
Content that is not represented by a Unicode character or sequence of Unicode characters.
applet
An applet is a small program that runs in the context of a user agent. Applets usually tend to have some form of user interface. This distinguishes them from a program written in a scripting programming language (such as JavaScript) that also runs in the context of a user agent, but which would not be considered an applet. Applets generally have the capability of interacting with and/or influencing their host program, although they are generally not required to do so. Applets include Java and Flash.
widget
A widget (or control) is a graphical interface component that a computer user interacts with, such as a window or a text box. Programmers use widgets to build graphical user interfaces (GUIs).

Proposal 2

Proposal 2: For all non-text content that is functional, text alternatives identify or serve the same purpose as non-text content.

Summary: Add the word "identify" and keep as a single success criterion.

Rationale: If the non-text content is an applet (per the definition in proposal 1), the text alternative does not serve the same purpose as the applet, the text alternative can only identify the purpose of the applet. Also, baseline will effect which techniques are appropriate. If java is included in the baseline, it is sufficient to identify the purpose of the applet via a text alternative (e.g., <applet alt="organize photos" ... />. If java is not in the baseline, then a fallback/alternative mechanism that provides the same functionality as the applet is required (e.g., an html:form-based interface to organize photos). It seems that either Guideline 4.2 or conformance/baseline will cover fallbacks.

Assumes the following definition

non-text content
Non-text content: Content that is not represented by a Unicode character or sequence of Unicode characters

Proposal 3

Proposal 3a: For all non-text content that provides a single function, text alternatives serve the same purpose as the non-text content.

Proposal 3b: For all non-text content that provides more than a single function, text alternatives identify the purpose of the non-text content.

Rationale: In an attempt to keep a simple definition for non-text content so as not to effect other success criteria, what if we handle the two types of functional non-text content separately? It seems that if non-text content is an "organize photos" applet that offers a variety of functions (find existing photos by date, find existing photos by metadata/tags, create a new set, add photos to a set, etc.) then a text alternative will not "serve the same purpose" as the applet; a text alternative can only identify it. However, if the non-text content has a single function such as an image used as a link (e.g., <a href="search.html"><img src="search.gif" alt="search"></a>) then the text alternative can serve the same purpose as the non-text content.

Assumes the following definitions as well as applet (from proposal 1).

non-text content
Content that is not represented by a Unicode character or sequence of Unicode characters.
functional
Performs or is able to perform an action in response to user input. If multiple actions are possible, then refer to definition of applet and scripting. (or applet and widget?)
scripting
One method for connecting diverse pre-existing components to accomplish a new related task. Scripts often provide the "glue" that puts several components together; thus they are widely used for creating graphical user interfaces. Scripts are typically stored only in their plain text form (as ASCII) and interpreted, or compiled each time they are invoked.

Level 1 SC 2

Current wording: For all non-text content that is used to convey information, text alternatives convey the same information. [I]

Note:

for multimedia, this means that two alternatives are provided:

  1. a transcript
  2. a text alternative that identifies the purpose or function of the multimedia

Proposed wording: For all non-text content that is used to convey information, text alternatives convey the same information. [I] Note:For multimedia, this means that at a minimum, a text alternative identifies the purpose or function of the multimedia. If the multimedia is prerecorded, and contains speech, then a transcript is also provided.

Rationale: Issues raised at the telecon about transcript being required at level 1. However, what about people who are deaf and blind? Didn't we decide that the only method to make content accessible is with a transcript? Should the transcript requirement be moved to Level 2?

Level 1 SC3

Current wording: For non-text content that is intended to create a specific sensory experience, such as music or visual art, text alternatives identify and describe the non-text content. [I]

Status: No proposed wording. At the 28 April telecon, Gregg raised an issue with the testability of "describe." Any suggestions?

Level 1 SC4

Current wording: Non-text content that does not provide information, functionality, or sensory experience is marked such that it can be ignored by assistive technology.

Proposed wording: Non-text content that is not functional, is not used to convey information, and does not create a specific sensory experience is implemented such that it can be ignored by assistive technology.

Rationale: Editorial: replaced "provide information" with "convey information" and added "create a specific" to "sensory experience" for consistency and reordered to follow the order of SC 1-3 above. Issue 1487 - replaced "marked" with "implemented

Level 1 SC5

Current wording: Any text alternatives are explicitly associated with the non-text content. [I]

Proposal 1

No change to success criterion. Only add definition for "explicitly associated."

explicitly associated
Proposed definition: Implemented in such a way that the text alternative is easy to find either because:
  1. the text alternative appears immediately before or immediately after the non-text content in the reading order of the content; or
  2. the text alternative is referred to in the text alternative; or
  3. the text alternative can be programmatically determined.

Current definition: none.

Rationale: Issue 1075 -- Clarify what "explicitly associated" means.

Proposal 2

At a minimum, a text alternative that serves the same purpose as or identifies the non-text content must be provided and must be programmatically determined. Additional text alternatives that convey the same information or describe the non-text content may either be programmatically determined or easy to find either because:

Rationale: Instead of defining explicitly associated I tried to say, "at a minimum, there must be a text alternative that is programmatically associated with the non-text content. If you need to provide additional descriptions or information, those text alternatives don't need to be programmatically determined, but they do need to be easy to find."

Proposal 3

Remove the success criterion and include the idea of "explicitly associated" as part of the definition for "text alternative" (as follows).

text alternative
Text that is used in place of or in addition to non-text content. At a minimum, a text alternative that serves the same purpose as or identifies the non-text content must be provided and must be programmatically determined. Additional text alternatives that convey the same information or describe the non-text content may either be programmatically determined or easy to find either because:
  • the text alternative appears immediately before or immediately after the non-text content in the reading order or
  • the text alternative is referred to in the programmatically determined text alternative or
  • the text alternative is programmatically determined.

Rationale: The current success criterion applies to all instances of text alternatives, therefore it seems to be part of the definition of text alternative and not a separate success criterion.

Level 1 SC6

Current wording: For live audio-only or live video-only content, such as internet radio or Web cameras, text alternatives describe the purpose of the presentation or a link is provided to alternative real-time content, such as traffic reports for a traffic Web camera

Note: real-time content does not imply real-time captions.

Editorial Note: This is similar to #1 above, yet it seems we need to specifically address audio-only and video-only content to avoid confusion.

Proposed wording: Same, but remove the editorial note.

Rationale: Issue 1439 - delete editorial note, "Editorial Note: This is similar to #1 above, yet it seems we need to specifically address audio-only and video-only content to avoid confusion.

This has the same issue as L1SC3 above (use of the word describe).

Level 3 SC1

Current wording: For multimedia content, a combined transcript of audio descriptions of video and captions is provided. [I]

Proposed wording: For prerecorded multimedia content, a combined transcript of audio descriptions of video and captions is available.

Rationale: Issue 1488 - replaced "provided" with "available." Also, added "prerecorded" to sync with distinctions in Guideline 1.2 between prerecorded and real-time multimedia.

Updated proposals for definitions

ASCII art
Proposed definition: ASCII art consists of pictures pieced together from characters (typically from the 95 printable characters defined by ASCII).

Current definition: Graphic representations that are created by a spatial arrangement of text characters. Although it can be rendered on a text display, it is not text.

Rationale: Discussed at the 28 April 2005 telecon and decided to base the definition on Wikipedia's definition of ASCII art.

content
Proposed definition: Information in the delivery unit that is used by the user agent to generate perceivable units. This includes the code and markup that define the structure, presentation, and interaction, as well as text, images, and sounds that convey information to the end-user.

Previously proposed definition: Information that forms Web sites and Web applications: the code and markup that define the structure, presentation, and interaction, as well as text, images, and sounds that convey information to the end-user. In this specification, the noun "content" is used in three ways:

  1. It is used to mean the delivery unit as a whole or in parts - the information that the author provides such that the user agent can generate an accessible perceivable unit(s).
  2. It is used to mean the perceivable unit(s) as a whole or in parts.
  3. It is used in the term non-text content.

Current definition: none.

Rationale: Currently, we use the term "content" to mean a variety of things. In some cases we specifically say perceivable unit or delivery unit. I think content should be synonyms with perceivable unit and when we want to refer to the delivery unit, we call it out specifically, as in, "Delivery units have descriptive titles." In this instance, the delivery unit must have the information so that when the perceivable unit is generated, it will have a descriptive title. Most often, we are talking about the end-result, i.e., the perceivable unit, i.e., the characteristics of the content that the user agent renders and the user interacts with. However, there are instances where we talk about what must ship in the delivery unit (e.g., text alternatives).

Looking through the 1 June 2005 draft here are some examples.

  1. In most cases when we use "content" mean "perceivable unit," as in, "Allow users to avoid content that could cause seizures due to photosensitivity."
  2. In a few instances, "content" could refer to both the delivery unit and perceivable unit, "This document outlines design principles for creating accessible Web content."
  3. We use it to mean specific types of perceivable units, e.g., "For all non-text content that is functional..." or "audio-only or live video-only content" or "For multimedia content..."

However, to make the document more readable, I don't think we want to replace "content" with "perceivable unit." But, we need to clarify the usage in the definition.

text
Updated proposed definition: A sequence of characters. Characters are those included in the Unicode / ISO / IEC 106464 repertoire.

Previously adopted definition: A sequence of characters. Characters are those included in the Unicode / ISO/IEC 106464 repertoire. Refer to Characters (in Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.1) for more information about the accepted character range.

Current definition: none

Rationale: The definition that was adopted at the 28 April 2005 telecon referenced XML 1.1. Mailing list discussion raised concerns about backwards compatibility of XML 1.1. Therefore, removed the reference to XML 1.1.

Adopted definitions

text and text alternative were adopted at the 28 April 2005 telecon, but due to other possible changes, updated proposals were made for those definitions.

delivery unit
The information that the user agent receives and renders into a perceivable unit.
perceivable unit
The result of a user agent rendering the contents of a delivery unit. User agents may or may not render all information in a delivery unit. In some cases, a single delivery unit may be rendered as multiple perceivable units. For example, a single html file that is rendered as a set of presentation slides. Most perceivable units contain presentation and the means for interaction. However, for some devices such as printers, a perceivable unit may only contain presentation.
unicode
Unicode is a universal character set that defines all the characters needed for writing the majority of living languages in use on computers. For more information refer to the Unicode Consortium or to Tutorial: Character sets & encodings in XHTML, HTML and CSS produced by the W3C Internationalization Activity. [@@alt clarification?] [Additional optional clarification: This does not mean that all documents should be encoded in Unicode. It means that documents should only contain characters defined by Unicode. Any encoding may be used for your document as long as it is properly declared and is a subset of the Unicode repertoire. ]