2.  The News URI Scheme

   The news URI scheme is used to refer to either news groups
   or individual Netnews articles, as defined in [RFC 1036].

   The news URI takes the form:

      newsURI     = "news:" ( article / collection )
      article     = [ news-server "/" ] message-id
      collection  = [ news-server "/" ] wildmat /
                    [ news-server [ "/" ] ]
      news-server = "//" authority
      message-id  = printable-ascii "@" printable-ascii
      newsgroup-name  = %x21-29 / %x2B / %x2D-3E / %x40-5A / %x5E-7E
                          ; excludes "*" "," "?" "[" "\" "]"
      printable-ascii = 1*( %d33-61 / %d63-126 ) ; excludes ">"

   <authority> is defined in [RFC 3986], and provides for a <host>, a
   <port> (defaulting to 119 in this scheme) and possibly a <userinfo>.
   <wildmat> is defined in [NNTP], and provides for a single
   <newsgroup-name>, or for a collection of <newsgroup-name>s separated
   by ','s and using '*' and '?' for wild cards and `!` for negation.

   Within a <printable-ascii> or a <wildmat>, the characters '%', '@',
   '/', '?' and '#' are reserved and MUST be %-encoded if they occur. All
   other characters MAY be used freely to represent themselves. It is not
   precluded that future extensions for internationalized <newsgroup-name>s
   may permit octets outside of the given ranges, in which case they too MUST
   be %-encoded (except perhaps when used in an IRI [RFC 3987]).

[Issue: since '?' is used in a <wildmat>, maybe it shouldn't be
reserved. I only put it there to allow for possible future extensions.]

   If no <news-server> is specified, the resources are to be retrieved
   from whatever server has been configured for local use.

2.1  The newsURI contains an <article>

   A <message-id> corresponds to the <msg-id> of [RFC 2822] and to the
   Message-ID of section 2.1.5 of [RFC 1036], but without the enclosing
   "<" and ">". It is intended to be the message identifier of an actual
   Netnews article and hence will in practice conform to the syntax
   defined in [RFC 1036] or in any subsequent standard for Netnews
   articles.

   Observe the delimiter "@" which enables an <article> to be
   distinguished from a <newsgroup-name>.

   The resource retrieved by this URI is the Netnews article with the
   given <message-id>.  Message identifiers are required to be globally
   unique, so the same article should be obtained whatever server is
   accessed for that purpose (provided the server in question has that
   article available).

2.2  The newsURI contains a <collection>

   Any <newsgroup-name> contained in or implied by any <wildmat> is
   intended to be that of an existing newsgroup, such as
   "comp.lang.perl.modules", and hence will in practice conform to the
   syntax defined in [RFC 1036] or in any subsequent standard for
   Netnews articles.

   If the <wildmat> in the <collection> consists of just a single
   <newsgroup-name>, the resource retrieved by this URI is some means to
   gain access to the articles in the given <newsgroup-name> that are
   available from the given <authority> (usually by invoking a suitable
   news reading agent initialized to access that group).

   If the <wildmat> in the <collection> identifies a collection of
   newsgroups, the resource retrieved by this URI is some means to gain
   access to all of those newsgroups which are available from the given
   <authority> (usually by invoking a suitable news reading agent).

   If the <collection> contains no <wildmat> at all, the effect is the
   same as that of the <wildmat> "*", meaning "all available
   newsgroups".

[So we can now have the following forms:
      news:*.test
      news:*
      news://news.example.com/*.test
      news://news.example.com/*
      news://news.example.com/
      news://news.example.com
where the 2nd and the last 3 all refer to "all available news groups".] 

3.  The nntp URI scheme

   The nntp URI scheme is used to retrieve individual articles
   via the NNTP protocol [draft-ietf-nntpext-base-*.txt]. It is usually
   (but not necessarily) used in connection with Netnews articles as
   defined in [RFC 1036].

   The nntp URI takes the form:

      nntpURI     = "nntp"  ":" news-server "/" newsgroup-name "/" range
      news-server =  "//" authority
      range       = article-number ["-" [article-number]]
      article-number = 1*DIGIT

   Observe, in contradistinction to the news scheme, that the
   <news-server> is not optional here, because the mapping from
   <article-numbers> to actual articles is established independently by
   each server.

3.1  The range is a single <article-number>

   The resource retrieved by this URI is the Netnews article numbered
   by the given <article-number> in the given <newsgroup-name> from the
   given <authority>.

3.2  The range encompasses more than a single <article-number>

   The resource retrieved by this URI is some means to gain access to
   the articles numbered within the given <range> of <article-
   number>s in the given <newsgroup-name> from the given <authority>
   (usually by invoking a suitable news reading agent initialized to
   access that range). A <range> of the form "nnnn-" provides access to
   all articles numbered "nnnn" and above.