Re: ISSUE-28: Recursion in the RIF Core

Gary mentioned before that things can be achieved by translation. For
instance, if you need to find ancestors of john as opposed to all
ancestor-descendant pairs then you can add a rule like this:

Answer(?X) :- ancestor(john,?X).

So, at the semantic level, computing the entire Answer relation is the same
as asking the query ?- ancestor(john,?X).

Since RIF compliance is determined through translations, the above is an
acceptable way to handle queries in RIF.


	--michael  

> << all PR systems have a way to filter working memory after 
> the rules have run>>
> 
> That's an interesting supposition. Care to elaborate?
> 
> Paul Vincent
> TIBCO - ETG/Business Rules 
>  
>  
>  
> -----Original Message-----
> From: public-rif-wg-request@w3.org [mailto:public-rif-wg-request@w3.org]
> On Behalf Of Gary Hallmark
> Sent: 22 February 2007 22:14
> To: Michael Kifer
> Cc: Rule Interchange Format (RIF) Working Group WG
> Subject: Re: ISSUE-28: Recursion in the RIF Core
> 
> 
> Yes, I think all PR systems have a way to filter working memory after 
> the rules have run, so you could *filter* for "ancestor(John, ?x)".  
> More complex queries may be more challenging, e.g. ancestor(John, ?x) & 
> married(?x, Sally).
> Perhaps such a query could be rewritten by the PR-RIF translation 
> software as a rule "IF ancestor(John, ?x) & married(?x, Sally) THEN 
> answer(?x)".  This rule would be merged with the RIF ruleset(s).  
> Answers can then be collected using simple filtering. 
> 
> Michael Kifer wrote:
> 
> >Gary,
> >A query is still a query. If you are asking for ancestors of John, you
> should
> >receive them in PR as well. It is just that PR will first compute the
> whole
> >thing first. Does Oracle's rule language have such postprocessing
> >filtering capabilities?
> >
> >
> >	--michael  
> >
> >
> >  
> >
> >>My take-away from the email discussion on this issue is that PR can 
> >>express recursive rules just as well as Horn. 
> >>The real issue is how the rules are "executed". 
> >>
> >>With Horn (prolog), one "queries the KB" to execute rules.  The cool 
> >>thing about queries is that they can (optionally) pass in bound 
> >>variables to terminate the recursion.  E.g., with a simple factorial 
> >>ruleset, the queries "factorial(?x, 24)" and "factorial(4, ?y)" 
> >>terminate, whereas factorial(?x, ?y) does not.
> >>
> >>With PR, there is no query in the prolog sense.  One executes rules by
> 
> >>giving a run(n) command, where n is the number of rules to fire.  If n
> 
> >>is not specified, the PR system runs until no more rules fire.  
> >>Essentially, the run command is like a query with all variables
> unbound, 
> >>but instead of the "answer" being returned as a set of variable 
> >>bindings, the "answer" is left as a bunch of factorial tuples in
> working 
> >>memory. 
> >>
> >>So, I would withdraw the PR-recursion issue and raise a PR-query
> issue.  
> >>Per the charter,
> >>
> >>The core rule engine functionality is to load zero or more rulesets
> (or 
> >>datasets) and then answer zero or more queries against the merged 
> >>contents. This functionality is largely independent of engine 
> >>implementation strategies. (In particular, it works with both forward 
> >>chaining <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forward_chaining> and backward 
> >>chaining <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backward_chaining>.)
> >>
> >>We will have to be very careful about how to define a query against a
> PR 
> >>system.
> >>
> >>Nichols, Deborah L. wrote:
> >>
> >>    
> >>
> >>>First, my apologies for a late posting of the recursion issue to the
> >>>Issues board.  Sponsor work has increased, and I haven't kept up to
> >>>date properly.  That said, however, I still want to record the issue
> >>>officially and clarify some aspects before stating the resolution.
> >>>
> >>>Axel's generalization of the issue makes an important point IMO.  If
> >>>the RIF Core allows "degrees of freedom" that not all rule languages
> >>>can express or implement, then should those features be restricted
> (by
> >>>putting them out of the Core) or restrictable (e.g., by profiles)?
> >>>
> >>>(Profiles is the next issue to be - finally - posted.)
> >>>
> >>>If we say that the Core should not be limited by what PR language can
> >>>handle (vs. what PR implementations can handle) - Paul's point - and
> we
> >>>leave recursion in, then will a difficulty arise when compliance is
> >>>defined?
> >>>
> >>>If we can come to a resolution by email, it isn't necessary to spend
> >>>meeting time on discussion.
> >>>
> >>>Regards,
> >>>Deborah
> >>>
> >>>-----Original Message-----
> >>>From: public-rif-wg-request@w3.org
> >>>[mailto:public-rif-wg-request@w3.org] On Behalf Of Paul Vincent
> >>>Sent: Tuesday, February 20, 2007 6:39 AM
> >>>To: Rule Interchange Format (RIF) Working Group WG
> >>>Subject: RE: ISSUE-28: Recursion in the RIF Core 
> >>>Importance: Low
> >>>
> >>>
> >>> 
> >>>
> >>>      
> >>>
> >>>>	I thought that we did sort out this issue. Namely, that
> >>>>   
> >>>>
> >>>>        
> >>>>
> >>>recursive 
> >>> 
> >>>
> >>>      
> >>>
> >>>>	clauses can be expressed by PR. I am also confused why did this
> >>>>   
> >>>>
> >>>>        
> >>>>
> >>>issue 
> >>> 
> >>>
> >>>      
> >>>
> >>>>	came back.
> >>>>   
> >>>>
> >>>>        
> >>>>
> >>>Gary suggested a scheme whereby it would be possible to map a
> recursive
> >>>PROLOG-type rule into a PR language (by effectively simulating bwd
> >>>chaining). And of course procedural extensions to PR languages can
> >>>certainly handle recursion (albeit not as "PR rules" per se). 
> >>>
> >>>But saying 
> >>>"PR language implementations can handle recursion" 
> >>>...does not equal 
> >>>"PR can handle recursion" 
> >>>(for me anyway). So this makes RIF Core "PR possible" rather than "PR
> >>>friendly". Hence, I assume, the "outstanding issue" for RIF. 
> >>>
> >>>But is it worth debating further? That would be my question.
> >>>
> >>>[Conjecture:]
> >>>Of course, the counterargument is that without recursion, RIF Core is
> >>>"meaningless" (as a rule language or maybe as a rule representation).
> 
> >>>
> >>>And of course, a countercounterargument is that RIF Core probably
> >>>*cannot* be a core subset covering all rule language semantics and
> >>>still
> >>>be a useful language in its own right (eg RIF Horn profile), and
> indeed
> >>>this should not be its goal: at best it should represent some common
> >>>expression representation scheme and/or a generalized rule metamodel
> >>>and/or rule classification scheme. 
> >>>
> >>>Just my 2 eurocents...
> >>>
> >>>Paul Vincent
> >>>TIBCO - ETG/Business Rules 
> >>>
> >>>
> >>>-----Original Message-----
> >>>From: public-rif-wg-request@w3.org
> >>>[mailto:public-rif-wg-request@w3.org]
> >>>On Behalf Of Michael Kifer
> >>>Sent: 20 February 2007 09:51
> >>>To: axel@polleres.net
> >>>Cc: Rule Interchange Format (RIF) Working Group WG
> >>>Subject: Re: ISSUE-28: Recursion in the RIF Core 
> >>>
> >>>
> >>>
> >>>I thought that we did sort out this issue. Namely, that recursive
> >>>clauses
> >>>can be expressed by PR. I am also confused why did this issue came
> >>>back.
> >>>
> >>>
> >>>	--michael  
> >>>
> >>> 
> >>>
> >>>      
> >>>
> >>>>Now I am a bit confused about that, to be honest, if I think it a
> bit
> >>>>   
> >>>>
> >>>>        
> >>>>
> >>> 
> >>>
> >>>      
> >>>
> >>>>further:
> >>>>
> >>>>if we assume that RIF core should be common to ALL rules languages 
> >>>>around, would we also need to cut down other degrees of freedom
> which
> >>>>   
> >>>>
> >>>>        
> >>>>
> >>> 
> >>>
> >>>      
> >>>
> >>>>Core allows: e.g. that we do not differentiate between the symbols 
> >>>>allowed for constants and function symbols, which some
> >>>>   
> >>>>
> >>>>        
> >>>>
> >>>systems/languages 
> >>> 
> >>>
> >>>      
> >>>
> >>>>do, that we allow the same symbol to be used with different arities,
> >>>>which some systems don't allow.
> >>>> Next, there are languages which e.g. restrict the allowed arity of 
> >>>>predicates and thus would neither cover all of RIF Core, e.g. SWRL
> >>>>only allows unary and binary preds in Horn rules.
> >>>>
> >>>>Would these then also be issues?
> >>>>
> >>>>I don't think we need to go that far. If we define the core really
> >>>>   
> >>>>
> >>>>        
> >>>>
> >>>only 
> >>> 
> >>>
> >>>      
> >>>
> >>>>as "what is expressible by any implemented rules system" then we'd 
> >>>>probably end up with propositional nonrecursive horn-rules with one 
> >>>>proposition in the antecedent?
> >>>>
> >>>>Probably I got this wrong, but it would be good if we define where
> to
> >>>>   
> >>>>
> >>>>        
> >>>>
> >>> 
> >>>
> >>>      
> >>>
> >>>>draw the line, right?
> >>>>
> >>>>just my 2 cents,
> >>>>Axel
> >>>>
> >>>>Rule Interchange Format (RIF) Working Group Issue Tracker wrote:
> >>>>   
> >>>>
> >>>>        
> >>>>
> >>>>>ISSUE-28: Recursion in the RIF Core
> >>>>>
> >>>>>http://www.w3.org/2005/rules/wg/track/issues/28
> >>>>>
> >>>>>Raised by: Deborah Nichols
> >>>>>On product: Technical Design
> >>>>>
> >>>>>Issue:  Recursion in the RIF Core
> >>>>>Opened by Deborah Nichols [on behalf of RIF Chairs]
> >>>>>
> >>>>>This issue concerns whether or not to include recursion in the
> >>>>>     
> >>>>>
> >>>>>          
> >>>>>
> >>>specification 
> >>> 
> >>>
> >>>      
> >>>
> >>>>>of the RIF Core.
> >>>>>
> >>>>>Summary of an argument for exclusion:  
> >>>>>Assuming 
> >>>>>(1) that the RIF Core consists of positive Horn clauses and 
> >>>>>(2) that the RIF Core should be "common to" (i.e., translatable
> >>>>>     
> >>>>>
> >>>>>          
> >>>>>
> >>>into) all RIF 
> >>> 
> >>>
> >>>      
> >>>
> >>>>>dialects, and 
> >>>>>(3) since positive Horn includes recursive formulas, 
> >>>>>then (4) if Production Rules cannot support recursion, 
> >>>>>the conclusion is (5) that would be no "compliant" PR dialect of
> >>>>>     
> >>>>>
> >>>>>          
> >>>>>
> >>>the
> >>>RIF 
> >>> 
> >>>
> >>>      
> >>>
> >>>>>Core.  
> >>>>>But it isn't acceptable not to have a PR dialect of RIF; 
> >>>>>therefore, (6) recursion should be "removed" from the Core.
> >>>>>(One method of "removal" would be to use profiles; see related
> >>>>>     
> >>>>>
> >>>>>          
> >>>>>
> >>>Issue.)
> >>> 
> >>>
> >>>      
> >>>
> >>>>>Background and discussion:
> >>>>>
> >>>>>At F2F4, Gary Hallmark took an action [#188] to address the
> >>>>>     
> >>>>>
> >>>>>          
> >>>>>
> >>>question
> >>>whether 
> >>> 
> >>>
> >>>      
> >>>
> >>>>>recursive rules should be included in the RIF Core.  Of particular
> >>>>>     
> >>>>>
> >>>>>          
> >>>>>
> >>>concern was 
> >>> 
> >>>
> >>>      
> >>>
> >>>>>the handling of recursion for Production Rule (PR) systems.  Gary
> >>>>>     
> >>>>>
> >>>>>          
> >>>>>
> >>>presented 
> >>> 
> >>>
> >>>      
> >>>
> >>>>>the issue in email on 12 Dec 2006
> >>>>>     
> >>>>>
> >>>>>          
> >>>>>
> >>>(http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-
> >>> 
> >>>
> >>>      
> >>>
> >>>>>rif-wg/2006Dec/0035.html), questioning whether production-rule (PR)
> >>>>>     
> >>>>>
> >>>>>          
> >>>>>
> >>>systems 
> >>> 
> >>>
> >>>      
> >>>
> >>>>>can support recursion and could implement a Core that included it.
> >>>>>     
> >>>>>
> >>>>>          
> >>>>>
> >>> 
> >>>
> >>>      
> >>>
> >>>>>"The current proposal for a RIF Core is positive Horn clauses.
> >>>>>     
> >>>>>
> >>>>>          
> >>>>>
> >>>Such
> >>>
> >>> 
> >>>
> >>>      
> >>>
> >>>>>clauses may be recursive, meaning that the relation name in the
> >>>>>     
> >>>>>
> >>>>>          
> >>>>>
> >>>head
> >>>of 
> >>> 
> >>>
> >>>      
> >>>
> >>>>>a rule also occurs (directly or indirectly) in the body of that
> >>>>>     
> >>>>>
> >>>>>          
> >>>>>
> >>>rule.  
> >>> 
> >>>
> >>>      
> >>>
> >>>>>Because the semantics of a set of positive Horn clauses can be
> >>>>>     
> >>>>>
> >>>>>          
> >>>>>
> >>>defined 
> >>> 
> >>>
> >>>      
> >>>
> >>>>>without reference to an evaluation strategy, an implementation is
> >>>>>     
> >>>>>
> >>>>>          
> >>>>>
> >>>free 
> >>> 
> >>>
> >>>      
> >>>
> >>>>>to use something other than forward chaining.  In fact, most prolog
> >>>>>     
> >>>>>
> >>>>>          
> >>>>>
> >>> 
> >>>
> >>>      
> >>>
> >>>>>implementations use backward chaining.
> >>>>>
> >>>>>"The issue here is:  is there a general strategy to evaluate
> >>>>>     
> >>>>>
> >>>>>          
> >>>>>
> >>>recursive 
> >>> 
> >>>
> >>>      
> >>>
> >>>>>positive Horn rules using forward chaining, so that every ruleset
> >>>>>     
> >>>>>
> >>>>>          
> >>>>>
> >>>in
> >>>RIF 
> >>> 
> >>>
> >>>      
> >>>
> >>>>>Core can be translated to production rules?  I don't really know
> >>>>>     
> >>>>>
> >>>>>          
> >>>>>
> >>>for
> >>>
> >>> 
> >>>
> >>>      
> >>>
> >>>>>sure, but I suspect the answer is "no".  Here is a simple example
> >>>>>     
> >>>>>
> >>>>>          
> >>>>>
> >>>to
> >>>
> >>> 
> >>>
> >>>      
> >>>
> >>>>>illustrate the problem ....[factorial example follows]"
> >>>>>
> >>>>>The implication for the RIF Core, as Gary stated later in the
> >>>>>     
> >>>>>
> >>>>>          
> >>>>>
> >>>thread, is that:
> >>> 
> >>>
> >>>      
> >>>
> >>>>>"As I understand it, RIF Core should be common to *all* RIF
> >>>>>     
> >>>>>
> >>>>>          
> >>>>>
> >>>dialects, 
> >>> 
> >>>
> >>>      
> >>>
> >>>>>including a production rule dialect.  Now, it's clear that there
> >>>>>     
> >>>>>
> >>>>>          
> >>>>>
> >>>are 
> >>> 
> >>>
> >>>      
> >>>
> >>>>>aspects of production rules that probably won't translate to Core
> >>>>>     
> >>>>>
> >>>>>          
> >>>>>
> >>>(e.g. 
> >>> 
> >>>
> >>>      
> >>>
> >>>>>priority, retract).  That may be ok if we can add them to the
> >>>>>     
> >>>>>
> >>>>>          
> >>>>>
> >>>dialect 
> >>> 
> >>>
> >>>      
> >>>
> >>>>>without breaking the Core semantics.  On the other hand, it is
> >>>>>     
> >>>>>
> >>>>>          
> >>>>>
> >>>critical 
> >>> 
> >>>
> >>>      
> >>>
> >>>>>that *everything* in Core can be translated to PR, otherwise we
> >>>>>     
> >>>>>
> >>>>>          
> >>>>>
> >>>have 
> >>> 
> >>>
> >>>      
> >>>
> >>>>>dialects of Core itself, which means it really isn't a Core.
> >>>>>     
> >>>>>
> >>>>>          
> >>>>>
> >>>Therefore, 
> >>> 
> >>>
> >>>      
> >>>
> >>>>>if Core supports recursive rules, then so should PR.   If we don't
> >>>>>     
> >>>>>
> >>>>>          
> >>>>>
> >>>think 
> >>> 
> >>>
> >>>      
> >>>
> >>>>>it's practical to support recursive rules in PR, then we should
> >>>>>     
> >>>>>
> >>>>>          
> >>>>>
> >>>remove 
> >>> 
> >>>
> >>>      
> >>>
> >>>>>this feature from Core."
> >>>>>
> >>>>>This issue is related to the "profiles" issue:  If RIF supports
> >>>>>     
> >>>>>
> >>>>>          
> >>>>>
> >>>profiles, then 
> >>> 
> >>>
> >>>      
> >>>
> >>>>>recursion may be the most obvious feature to make "optional".  
> >>>>>
> >>>>>The recursion issue also has implications for defining conformance
> >>>>>     
> >>>>>
> >>>>>          
> >>>>>
> >>>to the RIF 
> >>> 
> >>>
> >>>      
> >>>
> >>>>>Core.  See Dave Reynolds' explanation 
> >>>>>
> >>>>>     
> >>>>>
> >>>>>          
> >>>>>
> >>>(http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-rif-wg/2007Jan/0079.html)
> :
> >>> 
> >>>
> >>>      
> >>>
> >>>>>"The specific issue that triggered a lot of this is the extent to
> >>>>>     
> >>>>>
> >>>>>          
> >>>>>
> >>>which 
> >>> 
> >>>
> >>>      
> >>>
> >>>>>existing production rule engines can implement recursive Horn rules
> >>>>>     
> >>>>>
> >>>>>          
> >>>>>
> >>>and 
> >>> 
> >>>
> >>>      
> >>>
> >>>>>so whether RIF Core should be RIF-Horn-without-recursion. Given a
> >>>>>     
> >>>>>
> >>>>>          
> >>>>>
> >>>target 
> >>> 
> >>>
> >>>      
> >>>
> >>>>>query pattern (or some other context of use information) then a PR
> >>>>>     
> >>>>>
> >>>>>          
> >>>>>
> >>>RIF 
> >>> 
> >>>
> >>>      
> >>>
> >>>>>translator can implement recursive horn rules but may be
> >>>>>     
> >>>>>
> >>>>>          
> >>>>>
> >>>non-terminating 
> >>> 
> >>>
> >>>      
> >>>
> >>>>>for unrestricted queries. So either RIF has to convey that context
> >>>>>     
> >>>>>
> >>>>>          
> >>>>>
> >>>of 
> >>> 
> >>>
> >>>      
> >>>
> >>>>>use, or the issue of ruleset termination is outside of RIF
> >>>>>     
> >>>>>
> >>>>>          
> >>>>>
> >>>conformance, 
> >>> 
> >>>
> >>>      
> >>>
> >>>>>or we need some other notion of RIF Core."
> >>>>>
> >>>>>Chris Welty summarized the discussion of the nature of the Core,
> >>>>>     
> >>>>>
> >>>>>          
> >>>>>
> >>>from the 16 
> >>    
> >>
> >>> 
> >>>
> >>>      
> >>>
> >>>>>Dec telcon
> >>>>>     
> >>>>>
> >>>>>          
> >>>>>
> >>>(http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-rif-wg/2007Jan/0093): 
> >>> 
> >>>
> >>>      
> >>>
> >>>>>"We then went on discussing the nature of the CORE. The discussion
> >>>>>     
> >>>>>
> >>>>>          
> >>>>>
> >>>centered
> >>> 
> >>>
> >>>      
> >>>
> >>>>>on whether or not all languages were required to be able to
> >>>>>     
> >>>>>
> >>>>>          
> >>>>>
> >>>translate 
> >>> 
> >>>
> >>>      
> >>>
> >>>>>FROM "all" of the CORE to be conformant.  Some continue to feel
> >>>>        
> >>>>
> >>>>>     
> >>>>>
> >>>>>          
> >>>>>
> >>>this
> >>>is 
> >>> 
> >>>
> >>>      
> >>>
> >>>>>unrealistic, however we lack examples that demonstrate it.  Several
> >>>>>     
> >>>>>
> >>>>>          
> >>>>>
> >>>expressed 
> >>> 
> >>>
> >>>      
> >>>
> >>>>>support for a very limited notion of profiles for the CORE.
> >>>>>     
> >>>>>
> >>>>>          
> >>>>>
> >>>Profiles would 
> >>> 
> >>>
> >>>      
> >>>
> >>>>>specify features that we may consider "optional" or that may
> >>>>>     
> >>>>>
> >>>>>          
> >>>>>
> >>>determine the 
> >>> 
> >>>
> >>>      
> >>>
> >>>>>degree of conformance of a translation.  Examples of features in a
> >>>>>     
> >>>>>
> >>>>>          
> >>>>>
> >>>possible 
> >>> 
> >>>
> >>>      
> >>>
> >>>>>CORE profile were: recursion, decidability, complexity bounds,
> >>>>>     
> >>>>>
> >>>>>          
> >>>>>
> >>>functions.
> >>> 
> >>>
> >>>      
> >>>
> >>>>>"There seemed to be consensus that there is one core dialect with
> >>>>>     
> >>>>>
> >>>>>          
> >>>>>
> >>>the 
> >>> 
> >>>
> >>>      
> >>>
> >>>>>expressivity of about Horn and that we should move forward with the
> >>>>>     
> >>>>>
> >>>>>          
> >>>>>
> >>> 
> >>>
> >>>      
> >>>
> >>>>>specification of that dialect, independently of other
> >>>>>     
> >>>>>
> >>>>>          
> >>>>>
> >>>considerations.  If 
> >>> 
> >>>
> >>>      
> >>>
> >>>>>there is a notion of profiles it should be extremely restricted so
> >>>>>     
> >>>>>
> >>>>>          
> >>>>>
> >>>that 
> >>> 
> >>>
> >>>      
> >>>
> >>>>>the "CORE is still a core".  At the moment, we do not have any 
> >>>>>specific "features" of the CORE that anyone has objected to, except
> >>>>>     
> >>>>>
> >>>>>          
> >>>>>
> >>>possibly 
> >>> 
> >>>
> >>>      
> >>>
> >>>>>recursive rules, so it is still not clear that we need profiles for
> >>>>>     
> >>>>>
> >>>>>          
> >>>>>
> >>>the CORE.
> >>> 
> >>>
> >>>      
> >>>
> >>>>>"We discussed whether RIF dialects must include and extend the
> >>>>>     
> >>>>>
> >>>>>          
> >>>>>
> >>>CORE.
> >>>The 
> >>> 
> >>>
> >>>      
> >>>
> >>>>>possibility of profiles opens the door for some dialects to
> >>>>>     
> >>>>>
> >>>>>          
> >>>>>
> >>>eliminate certain 
> >>> 
> >>>
> >>>      
> >>>
> >>>>>features (again, from a very restricted set).  In other words,
> >>>>>     
> >>>>>
> >>>>>          
> >>>>>
> >>>profiles may 
> >>> 
> >>>
> >>>      
> >>>
> >>>>>allow some dialects to extend a subset of the CORE."
> >>>>>
> >>>>>Links to related email threads concerning PR and recursion:
> >>>>>http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-rif-wg/2006Dec/0035 
> >>>>>http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-rif-wg/2006Dec/0127
> >>>>>     
> >>>>>
> >>>>>          
> >>>>>
> >>>contains 
> >>> 
> >>>
> >>>      
> >>>
> >>>>>discussion following on Gary's factorial example.
> >>>>>http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-rif-wg/2006Mar/0202
> >>>>>http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-rif-wg/2006Dec/0047.html
> >>>>>     
> >>>>>
> >>>>>          
> >>>>>
> >>>questions 
> >>> 
> >>>
> >>>      
> >>>
> >>>>>whether recursion should be included in a PR system.
> >>>>>
> >>>>>Related threads on "recursive rules" vs. "recursive terms":
> >>>>>http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-rif-wg/2006Dec/0114 
> >>>>>http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-rif-wg/2006Dec/0103 
> >>>>>
> >>>>>An earlier (March 2006) discussion of recursion: 
> >>>>>http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-rif-wg/2006Mar/0106.html
> >>>>>
> >>>>>
> >>>>>
> >>>>>
> >>>>>
> >>>>>
> >>>>>     
> >>>>>
> >>>>>          
> >>>>>
> >>>>-- 
> >>>>Dr. Axel Polleres
> >>>>email: axel@polleres.net  url: http://www.polleres.net/
> >>>>
> >>>>
> >>>>
> >>>>
> >>>>
> >>>>
> >>>>   
> >>>>
> >>>>        
> >>>>
> >>>
> >>>
> >>>
> >>> 
> >>>
> >>>      
> >>>
> >>    
> >>
> >
> >
> >
> >  
> >
> 
> 
> 

Received on Friday, 23 February 2007 14:26:48 UTC