Re: Lexico-Syntactic Patterns

Dagmar, John, all,

of course these Hearst-style patterns are inherently ambiguous (this 
holds by the way for most of the entries in the lexicon).

Nevertheless, I agree with Dagmar that it might be useful to represent 
such patterns in a special ontology-lexicon, but this would not be a 
lexicon specific for a given ontology, but a domain-independent lexicon 
that captures the possible meaning of lexico-syntactic patterns with 
respect to OWL.

Just my two cents,

Philipp.

Am 31.08.12 15:28, schrieb John McCrae:
> Hi Dagmar,
>
> I was wondering what exactly you mean with lexico-syntactic patterns. 
> In /lemon/ we certainly had frames that could induce ontological 
> properties, e.g.,
>
> "X is the capital of Y" => X onto:capital Y
>
> But these are fairly standard and similar to other semantic 
> role/syntactic frames (and should clearly be a part of our work in 
> this group).
>
> On the other hand, we have Hearst patterns like
>
> "X such as Y" => Y rdfs:subClassOf X
>
> However, these kind of patterns would not traditionally belong in the 
> lexicon as they do not represent a direct mapping, i.e.,
>
>    1. It is difficult to say when "such as" actually indicates a
>       subclass relation (i.e., it is error prone)
>    2. It was not the intention of the speaker to use "such as" to
>       express a subclass relation
>
> Of course, it may be interesting to consider a representation of 
> something like this in the group. Could you give some examples of the 
> kind of mapping you are interested in, and how they might be 
> represented (relative to an existing model like lemon).
>
> Regards,
> John
>
> On Wed, Aug 22, 2012 at 3:29 PM, Gromann, Dagmar 
> <Dagmar.Gromann@wu.ac.at <mailto:Dagmar.Gromann@wu.ac.at>> wrote:
>
>     Dear Ontolex members,
>
>
>     I would like to contribute some ideas on lexico-syntactic patterns
>     to the specification of the requirements and the ongoing discussion.
>
>
>     I have two suggestions for the specification of patterns within
>     the ontology-lexicon interface:
>
>     1) Apply lexico-syntactic patterns to axiomatizing semi-formal
>     definitions (maybe particularly verbs)
>
>     2) Represent/trace applied patterns (in the event of ontology
>     evolution/matching/design)
>
>
>     The current ontology-lexicon model refers to syntax in form of
>     frames to represent the syntactic behavior of lemon entries. If I
>     am not mistaken, frames may be defined as the elements used in
>     patterns and within the world of ontology design are referred to
>     as design patterns. In my mind, adding lexico-syntactic patterns
>     to the ontology-lexicon interface may help to bridge the perceived
>     gap between ontology and lexicon/linguistics.Such patterns help to
>     establish various semantic relations and might contribute to
>     axiomatizing semi-formal definitions. They can facilitate the
>     formalization of lexical knowledge and/or matching of formalized
>     knowledge on the basis of patterns. To some extent they contain
>     knowledge about the usage of lexical entries, which might be
>     matched to other domains/resources. Additionally, applying and
>     representing lexico-syntactic patterns increases the reusability
>     of the lexicon.
>
>     Such representation of patterns might help the
>     modeling/interpretation of mappings across both resources, as has
>     been suggested:
>     http://www.w3.org/community/ontolex/wiki/Specification_of_Requirements/Lexicon-Ontology-Mapping
>     (in reference to dynamic and static verbs).
>
>     By applying lexico-syntactic patterns to the process of ontology
>     design/evolution, we might derive ontology elements. However, the
>     choice of pattern on the basis of natural language text and/or
>     definitions is usually not documented in existing ontologies. The
>     representation of lexico-syntactic patterns constituting basic
>     ontology design/evolution motivations and decisions can facilitate
>     not only ontology evolution but also ontology-based information
>     extraction, question answering, ontology alignment/matching, etc.
>     Patterns recur across genres/domains, which might render their
>     representation in the lexicon a useful resource for ontology
>     matching. For matching ontological concepts by means of patterns
>     lexical information about relations is essential, which is the
>     reason why I see the representation of lexical patterns in an
>     environment of rich lexical information as highly beneficial. For
>     examply, [1] shows the matching of ontology elements based on
>     lexical properties.
>
>
>     One major issue might be that lexico-syntactic patterns are
>     language specific and might not be available in all languages.
>
>
>     I would be very grateful for any comments or specifications to
>     these suggestions.
>
>
>     Kind regards,
>
>     Dagmar Gromann
>
>
>     [1] Nikitina, N., Rudolph, S., Blohm, S.: Refining Ontologies by
>     Pattern-Based Completion. In: Blomquivst, E., Sandkuhl, K.,
>     Scharffe, F., Svateck, V. (eds): Proceedings of the Workshop on
>     Ontology Patterns (WOP 2009)
>
>
>     ******************************************************************
>
>     Mag. Dagmar Gromann
>
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>
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>
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>
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>
>


-- 
Prof. Dr. Philipp Cimiano
Semantic Computing Group
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