Re: Lexico-Syntactic Patterns

Hi Dagmar,

I was wondering what exactly you mean with lexico-syntactic patterns. In *
lemon* we certainly had frames that could induce ontological properties,
e.g.,

"X is the capital of Y" => X onto:capital Y

But these are fairly standard and similar to other semantic role/syntactic
frames (and should clearly be a part of our work in this group).

On the other hand, we have Hearst patterns like

"X such as Y" => Y rdfs:subClassOf X

However, these kind of patterns would not traditionally belong in the
lexicon as they do not represent a direct mapping, i.e.,

   1. It is difficult to say when "such as" actually indicates a subclass
   relation (i.e., it is error prone)
   2. It was not the intention of the speaker to use "such as" to express a
   subclass relation

Of course, it may be interesting to consider a representation of something
like this in the group. Could you give some examples of the kind of mapping
you are interested in, and how they might be represented (relative to an
existing model like lemon).

Regards,
John

On Wed, Aug 22, 2012 at 3:29 PM, Gromann, Dagmar <Dagmar.Gromann@wu.ac.at>wrote:

>  Dear Ontolex members,
>
> I would like to contribute some ideas on lexico-syntactic patterns to the
> specification of the requirements and the ongoing discussion.
>
>
>  I have two suggestions for the specification of patterns within the
> ontology-lexicon interface:
>  1) Apply lexico-syntactic patterns to axiomatizing semi-formal
> definitions (maybe particularly verbs)
>
> 2) Represent/trace applied patterns (in the event of ontology
> evolution/matching/design)
>
>
>  The current ontology-lexicon model refers to syntax in form of frames to
> represent the syntactic behavior of lemon entries. If I am not mistaken,
> frames may be defined as the elements used in patterns and within the world
> of ontology design are referred to as design patterns. In my mind, adding
> lexico-syntactic patterns to the ontology-lexicon interface may help to
> bridge the perceived gap between ontology and lexicon/linguistics. Such
> patterns help to establish various semantic relations and might contribute
> to axiomatizing semi-formal definitions. They can facilitate the
> formalization of lexical knowledge and/or matching of formalized knowledge
> on the basis of patterns. To some extent they contain knowledge about the
> usage of lexical entries, which might be matched to other
> domains/resources. Additionally, applying and representing lexico-syntactic
> patterns increases the reusability of the lexicon.
>
>
>
> Such representation of patterns might help the modeling/interpretation of
> mappings across both resources, as has been suggested:
> http://www.w3.org/community/ontolex/wiki/Specification_of_Requirements/Lexicon-Ontology-Mapping(in reference to dynamic and static verbs).
>
>
>
> By applying lexico-syntactic patterns to the process of ontology
> design/evolution, we might derive ontology elements. However, the choice of
> pattern on the basis of natural language text and/or definitions is usually
> not documented in existing ontologies. The representation of lexico-syntactic
> patterns constituting basic ontology design/evolution motivations and
> decisions can facilitate not only ontology evolution but also
> ontology-based information extraction, question answering, ontology
> alignment/matching, etc. Patterns recur across genres/domains, which might
> render their representation in the lexicon a useful resource for ontology
> matching. For matching ontological concepts by means of patterns lexical
> information about relations is essential, which is the reason why I see the
> representation of lexical patterns in an environment of rich lexical
> information as highly beneficial. For examply, [1] shows the matching of
> ontology elements based on lexical properties.
>
>
>  One major issue might be that lexico-syntactic patterns are language
> specific and might not be available in all languages.
>
>
>  I would be very grateful for any comments or specifications to these
> suggestions.
>
>
>  Kind regards,
>
> Dagmar Gromann
>
>
>  [1] Nikitina, N., Rudolph, S., Blohm, S.: Refining Ontologies by
> Pattern-Based Completion. In: Blomquivst, E., Sandkuhl, K., Scharffe, F.,
> Svateck, V. (eds): Proceedings of the Workshop on Ontology Patterns (WOP
> 2009)
>
>
>
> ******************************************************************
>
> Mag. Dagmar Gromann
>
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