html5/spec-author-view the-a-element.html,NONE,1.1 the-abbr-element.html,NONE,1.1 the-address-element.html,NONE,1.1 the-area-element.html,NONE,1.1 the-article-element.html,NONE,1.1 the-aside-element.html,NONE,1.1 the-audio-element.html,NONE,1.1 the-b-element.html,NONE,1.1 the-base-element.html,NONE,1.1 the-bdi-element.html,NONE,1.1 the-bdo-element.html,NONE,1.1 the-blockquote-element.html,NONE,1.1 the-body-element.html,NONE,1.1 the-br-element.html,NONE,1.1 the-caption-element.html,NONE,1.1 the-cite-element.html,NONE,1.1 the-code-element.html,NONE,1.1 the-col-element.html,NONE,1.1 the-colgroup-element.html,NONE,1.1 the-command-element.html,NONE,1.1 the-datalist-element.html,NONE,1.1 the-dd-element.html,NONE,1.1 the-del-element.html,NONE,1.1 the-details-element.html,NONE,1.1 the-dfn-element.html,NONE,1.1 the-div-element.html,NONE,1.1 the-dl-element.html,NONE,1.1 the-dt-element.html,NONE,1.1 the-em-element.html,NONE,1.1 the-embed-element.html,NONE,1.1 the-fieldset-element.html,NONE,1.1 the-figcaption-

Update of /sources/public/html5/spec-author-view
In directory hutz:/tmp/cvs-serv14032

Modified Files:
	spec.html 
Added Files:
	the-a-element.html the-abbr-element.html 
	the-address-element.html the-area-element.html 
	the-article-element.html the-aside-element.html 
	the-audio-element.html the-b-element.html 
	the-base-element.html the-bdi-element.html 
	the-bdo-element.html the-blockquote-element.html 
	the-body-element.html the-br-element.html 
	the-caption-element.html the-cite-element.html 
	the-code-element.html the-col-element.html 
	the-colgroup-element.html the-command-element.html 
	the-datalist-element.html the-dd-element.html 
	the-del-element.html the-details-element.html 
	the-dfn-element.html the-div-element.html the-dl-element.html 
	the-dt-element.html the-em-element.html the-embed-element.html 
	the-fieldset-element.html the-figcaption-element.html 
	the-figure-element.html the-footer-element.html 
	the-form-element.html the-h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-and-h6-elements.html 
	the-head-element.html the-header-element.html 
	the-hgroup-element.html the-hr-element.html 
	the-html-element.html the-i-element.html the-img-element.html 
	the-ins-element.html the-kbd-element.html 
	the-keygen-element.html the-label-element.html 
	the-legend-element.html the-li-element.html 
	the-link-element.html the-mark-element.html 
	the-menu-element.html the-meta-element.html 
	the-meter-element.html the-nav-element.html 
	the-noscript-element.html the-object-element.html 
	the-ol-element.html the-optgroup-element.html 
	the-option-element.html the-output-element.html 
	the-p-element.html the-param-element.html the-pre-element.html 
	the-progress-element.html the-q-element.html 
	the-rp-element.html the-rt-element.html the-ruby-element.html 
	the-s-element.html the-samp-element.html 
	the-script-element.html the-section-element.html 
	the-select-element.html the-small-element.html 
	the-source-element.html the-span-element.html 
	the-strong-element.html the-style-element.html 
	the-sub-and-sup-elements.html the-summary-element.html 
	the-table-element.html the-tbody-element.html 
	the-td-element.html the-textarea-element.html 
	the-tfoot-element.html the-th-element.html 
	the-thead-element.html the-time-element.html 
	the-title-element.html the-tr-element.html 
	the-track-element.html the-u-element.html the-ul-element.html 
	the-var-element.html the-video-element.html 
	the-wbr-element.html 
Log Message:
new files

--- NEW FILE: the-a-element.html ---
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"><html lang="en-US-x-Hixie"><meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv="Content-Type"><title>4.6.1 The a element &mdash; HTML5 (Edition for Web Authors)</title><meta content="width=device-width;" name="viewport"><meta content="IE=edge,chrome=1" http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible"><link href="whatwg.css" rel="stylesheet"><style type="text/css">
   pre { margin-left: 2em; white-space: pre-wrap; }
   h2 { margin: 3em 0 1em 0; }
   h3 { margin: 2.5em 0 1em 0; }
   h4 { margin: 2.5em 0 0.75em 0; }
   h5, h6 { margin: 2.5em 0 1em; }
   h1 + h2, h1 + h2 + h2 { margin: 0.75em 0 0.75em; }
   h2 + h3, h3 + h4, h4 + h5, h5 + h6 { margin-top: 0.5em; }
   p { margin: 1em 0; }
   hr:not(.top) { display: block; background: none; border: none; padding: 0; margin: 2em 0; height: auto; }
   dl, dd { margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; }
   dt { margin-top: 0.75em; margin-bottom: 0.25em; clear: left; }
   dt + dt { margin-top: 0; }
   dd dt { margin-top: 0.25em; margin-bottom: 0; }
   dd p { margin-top: 0; }
   dd dl + p { margin-top: 1em; }
   dd table + p { margin-top: 1em; }
   p + * > li, dd li { margin: 1em 0; }
   dt, dfn { font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; }
   dt dfn { font-style: italic; }
   pre, code { font-size: inherit; font-family: monospace; font-variant: normal; }
   pre strong { color: black; font: inherit; font-weight: bold; background: yellow; }
   pre em { font-weight: bolder; font-style: normal; }
   @media screen { code { color: orangered; } code :link, code :visited { color: inherit; } }
   var sub { vertical-align: bottom; font-size: smaller; position: relative; top: 0.1em; }
   table { border-collapse: collapse; border-style: hidden hidden none hidden; }
   table thead, table tbody { border-bottom: solid; }
   table tbody th:first-child { border-left: solid; }
   table tbody th { text-align: left; }
   table td, table th { border-left: solid; border-right: solid; border-bottom: solid thin; vertical-align: top; padding: 0.2em; }
   blockquote { margin: 0 0 0 2em; border: 0; padding: 0; font-style: italic; }

   .bad, .bad *:not(.XXX) { color: gray; border-color: gray; background: transparent; }
   .matrix, .matrix td { border: none; text-align: right; }
   .matrix { margin-left: 2em; }
   .dice-example { border-collapse: collapse; border-style: hidden solid solid hidden; border-width: thin; margin-left: 3em; }
   .dice-example caption { width: 30em; font-size: smaller; font-style: italic; padding: 0.75em 0; text-align: left; }
   .dice-example td, .dice-example th { border: solid thin; width: 1.35em; height: 1.05em; text-align: center; padding: 0; }

   .toc dfn, h1 dfn, h2 dfn, h3 dfn, h4 dfn, h5 dfn, h6 dfn { font: inherit; }
   img.extra { float: right; }
   pre.idl { border: solid thin; background: #EEEEEE; color: black; padding: 0.5em 1em; }
   pre.idl :link, pre.idl :visited { color: inherit; background: transparent; }
   pre.css { border: solid thin; background: #FFFFEE; color: black; padding: 0.5em 1em; }
   pre.css:first-line { color: #AAAA50; }
   dl.domintro { color: green; margin: 2em 0 2em 2em; padding: 0.5em 1em; border: none; background: #DDFFDD; }
   hr + dl.domintro, div.impl + dl.domintro { margin-top: 2.5em; margin-bottom: 1.5em; }
   dl.domintro dt, dl.domintro dt * { color: black; text-decoration: none; }
   dl.domintro dd { margin: 0.5em 0 1em 2em; padding: 0; }
   dl.domintro dd p { margin: 0.5em 0; }
   dl.switch { padding-left: 2em; }
   dl.switch > dt { text-indent: -1.5em; }
   dl.switch > dt:before { content: '\21AA'; padding: 0 0.5em 0 0; display: inline-block; width: 1em; text-align: right; line-height: 0.5em; }
   dl.triple { padding: 0 0 0 1em; }
   dl.triple dt, dl.triple dd { margin: 0; display: inline }
   dl.triple dt:after { content: ':'; }
   dl.triple dd:after { content: '\A'; white-space: pre; }
   .diff-old { text-decoration: line-through; color: silver; background: transparent; }
   .diff-chg, .diff-new { text-decoration: underline; color: green; background: transparent; }
   a .diff-new { border-bottom: 1px blue solid; }

   h2 { page-break-before: always; }
   h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 { page-break-after: avoid; }
   h1 + h2, hr + h2.no-toc { page-break-before: auto; }

   p  > span:not([title=""]):not([class="XXX"]):not([class="impl"]):not([class="note"]),
   li > span:not([title=""]):not([class="XXX"]):not([class="impl"]):not([class="note"]), { border-bottom: solid #9999CC; }

   div.head { margin: 0 0 1em; padding: 1em 0 0 0; }
   div.head p { margin: 0; }
   div.head h1 { margin: 0; }
   div.head .logo { float: right; margin: 0 1em; }
   div.head .logo img { border: none } /* remove border from top image */
   div.head dl { margin: 1em 0; }
   div.head p.copyright, div.head p.alt { font-size: x-small; font-style: oblique; margin: 0; }

   body > .toc > li { margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; }
   body > .toc.brief > li { margin-top: 0.35em; margin-bottom: 0.35em; }
   body > .toc > li > * { margin-bottom: 0.5em; }
   body > .toc > li > * > li > * { margin-bottom: 0.25em; }
   .toc, .toc li { list-style: none; }

   .brief { margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; line-height: 1.1; }
   .brief li { margin: 0; padding: 0; }
   .brief li p { margin: 0; padding: 0; }

   .category-list { margin-top: -0.75em; margin-bottom: 1em; line-height: 1.5; }
   .category-list::before { content: '\21D2\A0'; font-size: 1.2em; font-weight: 900; }
   .category-list li { display: inline; }
   .category-list li:not(:last-child)::after { content: ', '; }
   .category-list li > span, .category-list li > a { text-transform: lowercase; }
   .category-list li * { text-transform: none; } /* don't affect <code> nested in <a> */

   .XXX { color: #E50000; background: white; border: solid red; padding: 0.5em; margin: 1em 0; }
   .XXX > :first-child { margin-top: 0; }
   p .XXX { line-height: 3em; }
   .annotation { border: solid thin black; background: #0C479D; color: white; position: relative; margin: 8px 0 20px 0; }
   .annotation:before { position: absolute; left: 0; top: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%; margin: 6px -6px -6px 6px; background: #333333; z-index: -1; content: ''; }
   .annotation :link, .annotation :visited { color: inherit; }
   .annotation :link:hover, .annotation :visited:hover { background: transparent; }
   .annotation span { border: none ! important; }
   .note { color: green; background: transparent; font-family: sans-serif; }
   .warning { color: red; background: transparent; }
   .note, .warning { font-weight: bolder; font-style: italic; }
   p.note, div.note { padding: 0.5em 2em; }
   span.note { padding: 0 2em; }
   .note p:first-child, .warning p:first-child { margin-top: 0; }
   .note p:last-child, .warning p:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }
   .warning:before { font-style: normal; }
   p.note:before { content: 'Note: '; }
   p.warning:before { content: '\26A0 Warning! '; }

   .bookkeeping:before { display: block; content: 'Bookkeeping details'; font-weight: bolder; font-style: italic; }
   .bookkeeping { font-size: 0.8em; margin: 2em 0; }
   .bookkeeping p { margin: 0.5em 2em; display: list-item; list-style: square; }
   .bookkeeping dt { margin: 0.5em 2em 0; }
   .bookkeeping dd { margin: 0 3em 0.5em; }

   h4 { position: relative; z-index: 3; }
   h4 + .element, h4 + div + .element { margin-top: -2.5em; padding-top: 2em; }
   .element {
     background: #EEEEFF;
     color: black;
     margin: 0 0 1em 0.15em;
     padding: 0 1em 0.25em 0.75em;
     border-left: solid #9999FF 0.25em;
     position: relative;
     z-index: 1;
   }
   .element:before {
     position: absolute;
     z-index: 2;
     top: 0;
     left: -1.15em;
     height: 2em;
     width: 0.9em;
     background: #EEEEFF;
     content: ' ';
     border-style: none none solid solid;
     border-color: #9999FF;
     border-width: 0.25em;
   }

   .example { display: block; color: #222222; background: #FCFCFC; border-left: double; margin-left: 2em; padding-left: 1em; }
   td > .example:only-child { margin: 0 0 0 0.1em; }

   ul.domTree, ul.domTree ul { padding: 0 0 0 1em; margin: 0; }
   ul.domTree li { padding: 0; margin: 0; list-style: none; position: relative; }
   ul.domTree li li { list-style: none; }
   ul.domTree li:first-child::before { position: absolute; top: 0; height: 0.6em; left: -0.75em; width: 0.5em; border-style: none none solid solid; content: ''; border-width: 0.1em; }
   ul.domTree li:not(:last-child)::after { position: absolute; top: 0; bottom: -0.6em; left: -0.75em; width: 0.5em; border-style: none none solid solid; content: ''; border-width: 0.1em; }
   ul.domTree span { font-style: italic; font-family: serif; }
   ul.domTree .t1 code { color: purple; font-weight: bold; }
   ul.domTree .t2 { font-style: normal; font-family: monospace; }
   ul.domTree .t2 .name { color: black; font-weight: bold; }
   ul.domTree .t2 .value { color: blue; font-weight: normal; }
   ul.domTree .t3 code, .domTree .t4 code, .domTree .t5 code { color: gray; }
   ul.domTree .t7 code, .domTree .t8 code { color: green; }
   ul.domTree .t10 code { color: teal; }

   body.dfnEnabled dfn { cursor: pointer; }
   .dfnPanel {
     display: inline;
     position: absolute;
     z-index: 10;
     height: auto;
     width: auto;
     padding: 0.5em 0.75em;
     font: small sans-serif, Droid Sans Fallback;
     background: #DDDDDD;
     color: black;
     border: outset 0.2em;
   }
   .dfnPanel * { margin: 0; padding: 0; font: inherit; text-indent: 0; }
   .dfnPanel :link, .dfnPanel :visited { color: black; }
   .dfnPanel p { font-weight: bolder; }
   .dfnPanel * + p { margin-top: 0.25em; }
   .dfnPanel li { list-style-position: inside; }

   #configUI { position: absolute; z-index: 20; top: 10em; right: 1em; width: 11em; font-size: small; }
   #configUI p { margin: 0.5em 0; padding: 0.3em; background: #EEEEEE; color: black; border: inset thin; }
   #configUI p label { display: block; }
   #configUI #updateUI, #configUI .loginUI { text-align: center; }
   #configUI input[type=button] { display: block; margin: auto; }

   fieldset { margin: 1em; padding: 0.5em 1em; }
   fieldset > legend + * { margin-top: 0; }
   fieldset > :last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }
   fieldset p { margin: 0.5em 0; }

  </style><link href="http://www.w3.org/StyleSheets/TR/W3C-ED" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><link href="style.css" rel="stylesheet"><script src="link-fixup.js" type="text/javascript"></script><style type="text/css">

   .applies thead th > * { display: block; }
   .applies thead code { display: block; }
   .applies tbody th { whitespace: nowrap; }
   .applies td { text-align: center; }
   .applies .yes { background: yellow; }

   .matrix, .matrix td { border: hidden; text-align: right; }
   .matrix { margin-left: 2em; }

   .dice-example { border-collapse: collapse; border-style: hidden solid solid hidden; border-width: thin; margin-left: 3em; }
   .dice-example caption { width: 30em; font-size: smaller; font-style: italic; padding: 0.75em 0; text-align: left; }
   .dice-example td, .dice-example th { border: solid thin; width: 1.35em; height: 1.05em; text-align: center; padding: 0; }

   td.eg { border-width: thin; text-align: center; }

   #table-example-1 { border: solid thin; border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 3em; }
   #table-example-1 * { font-family: "Essays1743", serif; line-height: 1.01em; }
   #table-example-1 caption { padding-bottom: 0.5em; }
   #table-example-1 thead, #table-example-1 tbody { border: none; }
   #table-example-1 th, #table-example-1 td { border: solid thin; }
   #table-example-1 th { font-weight: normal; }
   #table-example-1 td { border-style: none solid; vertical-align: top; }
   #table-example-1 th { padding: 0.5em; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; }
   #table-example-1 tbody tr:first-child td { padding-top: 0.5em; }
   #table-example-1 tbody tr:last-child td { padding-bottom: 1.5em; }
   #table-example-1 tbody td:first-child { padding-left: 2.5em; padding-right: 0; width: 9em; }
   #table-example-1 tbody td:first-child::after { content: leader(". "); }
   #table-example-1 tbody td { padding-left: 2em; padding-right: 2em; }
   #table-example-1 tbody td:first-child + td { width: 10em; }
   #table-example-1 tbody td:first-child + td ~ td { width: 2.5em; }
   #table-example-1 tbody td:first-child + td + td + td ~ td { width: 1.25em; }

   .apple-table-examples { border: none; border-collapse: separate; border-spacing: 1.5em 0em; width: 40em; margin-left: 3em; }
   .apple-table-examples * { font-family: "Times", serif; }
   .apple-table-examples td, .apple-table-examples th { border: none; white-space: nowrap; padding-top: 0; padding-bottom: 0; }
   .apple-table-examples tbody th:first-child { border-left: none; width: 100%; }
   .apple-table-examples thead th:first-child ~ th { font-size: smaller; font-weight: bolder; border-bottom: solid 2px; text-align: center; }
   .apple-table-examples tbody th::after, .apple-table-examples tfoot th::after { content: leader(". ") }
   .apple-table-examples tbody th, .apple-table-examples tfoot th { font: inherit; text-align: left; }
   .apple-table-examples td { text-align: right; vertical-align: top; }
   .apple-table-examples.e1 tbody tr:last-child td { border-bottom: solid 1px; }
   .apple-table-examples.e1 tbody + tbody tr:last-child td { border-bottom: double 3px; }
   .apple-table-examples.e2 th[scope=row] { padding-left: 1em; }
   .apple-table-examples sup { line-height: 0; }

   .details-example img { vertical-align: top; }

   #base64-table {
     white-space: nowrap;
     font-size: 0.6em;
     column-width: 6em;
     column-count: 5;
     column-gap: 1em;
     -moz-column-width: 6em;
     -moz-column-count: 5;
     -moz-column-gap: 1em;
     -webkit-column-width: 6em;
     -webkit-column-count: 5;
     -webkit-column-gap: 1em;
   }
   #base64-table thead { display: none; }
   #base64-table * { border: none; }
   #base64-table tbody td:first-child:after { content: ':'; }
   #base64-table tbody td:last-child { text-align: right; }

   #named-character-references-table {
     white-space: nowrap;
     font-size: 0.6em;
     column-width: 30em;
     column-gap: 1em;
     -moz-column-width: 30em;
     -moz-column-gap: 1em;
     -webkit-column-width: 30em;
     -webkit-column-gap: 1em;
   }
   #named-character-references-table > table > tbody > tr > td:first-child + td,
   #named-character-references-table > table > tbody > tr > td:last-child { text-align: center; }
   #named-character-references-table > table > tbody > tr > td:last-child:hover > span { position: absolute; top: auto; left: auto; margin-left: 0.5em; line-height: 1.2; font-size: 5em; border: outset; padding: 0.25em 0.5em; background: white; width: 1.25em; height: auto; text-align: center; }
   #named-character-references-table > table > tbody > tr#entity-CounterClockwiseContourIntegral > td:first-child { font-size: 0.5em; }

   .glyph.control { color: red; }

   @font-face {
     font-family: 'Essays1743';
     src: url('http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/fonts/Essays1743.ttf');
   }
   @font-face {
     font-family: 'Essays1743';
     font-weight: bold;
     src: url('http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/fonts/Essays1743-Bold.ttf');
   }
   @font-face {
     font-family: 'Essays1743';
     font-style: italic;
     src: url('http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/fonts/Essays1743-Italic.ttf');
   }
   @font-face {
     font-family: 'Essays1743';
     font-style: italic;
     font-weight: bold;
     src: url('http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/fonts/Essays1743-BoldItalic.ttf');
   }

  </style><script type="text/javascript">
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</script><link href="text-level-semantics.html" rel="prev" title="4.6 Text-level semantics">
  <link href="Overview.html#contents" rel="index" title="Table of contents">
  <link href="the-em-element.html" rel="next" title="4.6.2 The em element">
  <body class="split chapter" onload="fixBrokenLink(); init()"><div class="head" id="head">
   <p><a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img alt="W3C" height="48" src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" width="72"></a></p>

   <h1>HTML5 <span class="edition">Edition for Web Authors</span> <span class="rcsrevision">revision 1.4918</span></h1>
   </div><div>
   <a href="text-level-semantics.html">&larr; 4.6 Text-level semantics</a> &ndash;
   <a href="Overview.html#contents">Table of contents</a> &ndash;
   <a href="the-em-element.html">4.6.2 The em element &rarr;</a>
  </div>

  <h4 id="the-a-element"><span class="secno">4.6.1 </span>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>a</code></dfn> element</h4><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_66">Flow content</a>.</dd>
   <dd>When the element only contains <a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_26">phrasing content</a>: <a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_27">phrasing content</a>.</dd>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#interactive-content" id="interactive-content_2">Interactive content</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Contexts in which this element can be used:</dt>
   <dd>When the element only contains <a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_28">phrasing content</a>: where <a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_29">phrasing content</a> is expected.</dd>
   <dd>Otherwise: where <a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_67">flow content</a> is expected.</dd>
   <dt>Content model:</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#transparent" id="transparent_3">Transparent</a>, but there must be no <a href="content-models.html#interactive-content" id="interactive-content_3">interactive content</a> descendant.</dd>
   <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
   <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes" id="global-attributes_32">Global attributes</a></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-hyperlink-href"><a href="links.html#attr-hyperlink-href" id="href_10">href</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-hyperlink-target"><a href="links.html#attr-hyperlink-target" id="target_12">target</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-hyperlink-rel"><a href="links.html#attr-hyperlink-rel" id="rel_12">rel</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-hyperlink-media"><a href="links.html#attr-hyperlink-media" id="media_8">media</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-hyperlink-hreflang"><a href="links.html#attr-hyperlink-hreflang" id="hreflang_1">hreflang</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-hyperlink-type"><a href="links.html#attr-hyperlink-type" id="type_98">type</a></code></dd>
   <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
   <dd>
<pre class="idl">interface <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="htmlanchorelement" role="button" tabindex="0">HTMLAnchorElement</dfn> : <a href="elements.html#htmlelement" id="htmlelement_39">HTMLElement</a> {
  stringifier attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/text-level-semantics.html#dom-a-href" title='Read about this "href" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>href</a>;
           attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/text-level-semantics.html#dom-a-target" title='Read about this "target" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>target</a>;
           attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/text-level-semantics.html#dom-a-rel" title='Read about this "rel" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>rel</a>;
  readonly attribute <a href="urls.html#domtokenlist" id="domtokenlist_6">DOMTokenList</a> <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/text-level-semantics.html#dom-a-rellist" title='Read about this "relList" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>relList</a>;
           attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/text-level-semantics.html#dom-a-media" title='Read about this "media" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>media</a>;
           attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/text-level-semantics.html#dom-a-hreflang" title='Read about this "hreflang" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>hreflang</a>;
           attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/text-level-semantics.html#dom-a-type" title='Read about this "type" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>type</a>;

           attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/text-level-semantics.html#dom-a-text" title='Read about this "text" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>text</a>;

  // <a href="urls.html#url-decomposition-idl-attributes" id="url-decomposition-idl-attributes_1">URL decomposition IDL attributes</a>
           attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/text-level-semantics.html#dom-a-protocol" title='Read about this "protocol" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>protocol</a>;
           attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/text-level-semantics.html#dom-a-host" title='Read about this "host" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>host</a>;
           attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/text-level-semantics.html#dom-a-hostname" title='Read about this "hostname" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>hostname</a>;
           attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/text-level-semantics.html#dom-a-port" title='Read about this "port" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>port</a>;
           attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/text-level-semantics.html#dom-a-pathname" title='Read about this "pathname" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>pathname</a>;
           attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/text-level-semantics.html#dom-a-search" title='Read about this "search" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>search</a>;
           attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/text-level-semantics.html#dom-a-hash" title='Read about this "hash" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>hash</a>;
};</pre>
   </dd>
  </dl><p>If the <code><a href="#the-a-element" id="a_13">a</a></code> element has an <code title="attr-hyperlink-href"><a href="links.html#attr-hyperlink-href" id="href_11">href</a></code> attribute, then it
  <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/rendering.html#represents" title='Read about this "represents" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>represents</a> a <a href="links.html#hyperlink" id="hyperlink_8">hyperlink</a> (a hypertext
  anchor).<p>If the <code><a href="#the-a-element" id="a_14">a</a></code> element has no <code title="attr-hyperlink-href"><a href="links.html#attr-hyperlink-href" id="href_12">href</a></code> attribute, then the element
  <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/rendering.html#represents" title='Read about this "represents" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>represents</a> a placeholder for where a link might
  otherwise have been placed, if it had been relevant.<p>The <code title="attr-hyperlink-target"><a href="links.html#attr-hyperlink-target" id="target_13">target</a></code>,
  <code title="attr-hyperlink-rel"><a href="links.html#attr-hyperlink-rel" id="rel_13">rel</a></code>, <code title="attr-hyperlink-media"><a href="links.html#attr-hyperlink-media" id="media_9">media</a></code>, <code title="attr-hyperlink-hreflang"><a href="links.html#attr-hyperlink-hreflang" id="hreflang_2">hreflang</a></code>, and <code title="attr-hyperlink-type"><a href="links.html#attr-hyperlink-type" id="type_99">type</a></code> attributes must be omitted
  if the <code title="attr-hyperlink-href"><a href="links.html#attr-hyperlink-href" id="href_13">href</a></code> attribute is
  not present.<div class="example">
   <p>If a site uses a consistent navigation toolbar on every page,
   then the link that would normally link to the page itself could be
   marked up using an <code><a href="#the-a-element" id="a_15">a</a></code> element:</p>
   <pre>&lt;nav&gt;
 &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; &lt;a href="/"&gt;Home&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; &lt;a href="/news"&gt;News&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; &lt;a&gt;Examples&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; &lt;a href="/legal"&gt;Legal&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/nav&gt;</pre>
  </div><dl class="domintro"><dt><var title="">a</var> . <code title="dom-a-text"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/text-level-semantics.html#dom-a-text" title='Read about this "text" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>text</a></code></dt>

   <dd>

    <p>Same as <code><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/infrastructure.html#textcontent" title='Read about this "textContent" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>textContent</a></code>.</p>

   </dd>

  </dl><div class="example">

   <p>The <code><a href="#the-a-element" id="a_16">a</a></code> element may be wrapped around entire
   paragraphs, lists, tables, and so forth, even entire sections, so
   long as there is no interactive content within (e.g. buttons or
   other links). This example shows how this can be used to make an
   entire advertising block into a link:</p>

   <pre>&lt;aside class="advertising"&gt;
 &lt;h1&gt;Advertising&lt;/h1&gt;
 &lt;a href="http://ad.example.com/?adid=1929&amp;amp;pubid=1422"&gt;
  &lt;section&gt;
   &lt;h1&gt;Mellblomatic 9000!&lt;/h1&gt;
   &lt;p&gt;Turn all your widgets into mellbloms!&lt;/p&gt;
   &lt;p&gt;Only $9.99 plus shipping and handling.&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;/section&gt;
 &lt;/a&gt;
 &lt;a href="http://ad.example.com/?adid=375&amp;amp;pubid=1422"&gt;
  &lt;section&gt;
   &lt;h1&gt;The Mellblom Browser&lt;/h1&gt;
   &lt;p&gt;Web browsing at the speed of light.&lt;/p&gt;
   &lt;p&gt;No other browser goes faster!&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;/section&gt;
 &lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/aside&gt;</pre>

  </div>
--- NEW FILE: the-img-element.html ---
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"><html lang="en-US-x-Hixie"><meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv="Content-Type"><title>4.8.1 The img element &mdash; HTML5 (Edition for Web Authors)</title><meta content="width=device-width;" name="viewport"><meta content="IE=edge,chrome=1" http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible"><link href="whatwg.css" rel="stylesheet"><style type="text/css">
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[...1144 lines suppressed...]

    <p class="note">Since some users cannot use images at all
    (e.g. because they have a very slow connection, or because they
    are using a text-only browser, or because they are listening to
    the page being read out by a hands-free automobile voice Web
    browser, or simply because they are blind), the <code title="attr-img-alt"><a href="#attr-img-alt" id="alt_28">alt</a></code> attribute is only allowed to be
    omitted rather than being provided with replacement text when no
    alternative text is available and none can be made available, as
    in the above examples. Lack of effort from the part of the author
    is not an acceptable reason for omitting the <code title="attr-img-alt"><a href="#attr-img-alt" id="alt_29">alt</a></code> attribute.</p>

   </dd>

  </dl><h6 id="an-image-not-intended-for-the-user"><span class="secno">4.8.1.1.11 </span>An image not intended for the user</h6><p class="XXX annotation"><span><a href="http://www.w3.org/html/wg/tracker/issues/31">ISSUE-31</a> (alt-conformance-requirements) blocks progress to Last Call</span><p>Generally authors should avoid using <code><a href="#the-img-element" id="img_20">img</a></code> elements
  for purposes other than showing images.<p>If an <code><a href="#the-img-element" id="img_21">img</a></code> element is being used for purposes other
  than showing an image, e.g. as part of a service to count page
  views, then the <code title="attr-img-alt"><a href="#attr-img-alt" id="alt_30">alt</a></code> attribute must
  be the empty string.<p>In such cases, the <code title="attr-dim-width"><a href="the-area-element.html#attr-dim-width" id="width_4">width</a></code> and
  <code title="attr-dim-height"><a href="the-area-element.html#attr-dim-height" id="height_4">height</a></code> attributes should both
  be set to zero.
--- NEW FILE: the-del-element.html ---
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   dl.triple dt, dl.triple dd { margin: 0; display: inline }
   dl.triple dt:after { content: ':'; }
   dl.triple dd:after { content: '\A'; white-space: pre; }
   .diff-old { text-decoration: line-through; color: silver; background: transparent; }
   .diff-chg, .diff-new { text-decoration: underline; color: green; background: transparent; }
   a .diff-new { border-bottom: 1px blue solid; }

   h2 { page-break-before: always; }
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   p.note:before { content: 'Note: '; }
   p.warning:before { content: '\26A0 Warning! '; }

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   h4 + .element, h4 + div + .element { margin-top: -2.5em; padding-top: 2em; }
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     content: ' ';
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   ul.domTree .t2 .name { color: black; font-weight: bold; }
   ul.domTree .t2 .value { color: blue; font-weight: normal; }
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   ul.domTree .t10 code { color: teal; }

   body.dfnEnabled dfn { cursor: pointer; }
   .dfnPanel {
     display: inline;
     position: absolute;
     z-index: 10;
     height: auto;
     width: auto;
     padding: 0.5em 0.75em;
     font: small sans-serif, Droid Sans Fallback;
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</script><link href="the-ins-element.html" rel="prev" title="4.7.1 The ins element">
  <link href="Overview.html#contents" rel="index" title="Table of contents">
  <link href="embedded-content-1.html" rel="next" title="4.8 Embedded content">
  <body class="split chapter" onload="fixBrokenLink(); init()"><div class="head" id="head">
   <p><a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img alt="W3C" height="48" src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" width="72"></a></p>

   <h1>HTML5 <span class="edition">Edition for Web Authors</span> <span class="rcsrevision">revision 1.4918</span></h1>
   </div><div>
   <a href="the-ins-element.html">&larr; 4.7.1 The ins element</a> &ndash;
   <a href="Overview.html#contents">Table of contents</a> &ndash;
   <a href="embedded-content-1.html">4.8 Embedded content &rarr;</a>
  <ol class="toc"><li><ol><li><ol><li><a href="the-del-element.html#the-del-element" id="x4.7.2-the-del-element"><span class="secno">4.7.2 </span>The <code>del</code> element</a><li><a href="the-del-element.html#attributes-common-to-ins-and-del-elements"><span class="secno">4.7.3 </span>Attributes common to <code>ins</code> and <code>del</code> elements</a><li><a href="the-del-element.html#edits-and-paragraphs"><span class="secno">4.7.4 </span>Edits and paragraphs</a><li><a href="the-del-element.html#edits-and-lists"><span class="secno">4.7.5 </span>Edits and lists</a></ol></ol></ol></div>

  <h4 id="the-del-element"><span class="secno">4.7.2 </span>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>del</code></dfn> element</h4><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_94">Flow content</a>.</dd>
   <dd>When the element only contains <a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_108">phrasing content</a>: <a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_109">phrasing content</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Contexts in which this element can be used:</dt>
   <dd>When the element only contains <a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_110">phrasing content</a>: where <a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_111">phrasing content</a> is expected.</dd>
   <dd>Otherwise: where <a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_95">flow content</a> is expected.</dd>
   <dt>Content model:</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#transparent" id="transparent_5">Transparent</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
   <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes" id="global-attributes_61">Global attributes</a></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-mod-cite"><a href="#attr-mod-cite" id="cite_23">cite</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-mod-datetime"><a href="#attr-mod-datetime" id="datetime_7">datetime</a></code></dd>
   <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
   <dd>Uses the <code><a href="#htmlmodelement" id="htmlmodelement_1">HTMLModElement</a></code> interface.</dd>
  </dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-del-element" id="del_13">del</a></code> element <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/rendering.html#represents" title='Read about this "represents" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>represents</a> a removal
  from the document.<p><code><a href="#the-del-element" id="del_14">del</a></code> elements should not cross <a href="content-models.html#paragraph" id="paragraph_11" title="paragraph">implied paragraph</a> boundaries.<div class="example">

   <p>The following shows a "to do" list where items that have been
   done are crossed-off with the date and time of their
   completion.</p>

   <pre>&lt;h1&gt;To Do&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Empty the dishwasher&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;del datetime="2009-10-11T01:25-07:00"&gt;Watch Walter Lewin's lectures&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;del datetime="2009-10-10T23:38-07:00"&gt;Download more tracks&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Buy a printer&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</pre>

  </div><h4 id="attributes-common-to-ins-and-del-elements"><span class="secno">4.7.3 </span>Attributes common to <code><a href="the-ins-element.html#the-ins-element" id="ins_15">ins</a></code> and <code><a href="#the-del-element" id="del_15">del</a></code> elements</h4><p>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-mod-cite" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>cite</code></dfn> attribute
  may be used to specify the address of a document that explains the
  change. When that document is long, for instance the minutes of a
  meeting, authors are encouraged to include a fragment identifier
  pointing to the specific part of that document that discusses the
  change.<p>If the <code title="attr-mod-cite"><a href="#attr-mod-cite" id="cite_24">cite</a></code> attribute is
  present, it must be a <a href="urls.html#valid-url-potentially-surrounded-by-spaces" id="valid-url-potentially-surrounded-by-spaces_3">valid URL potentially surrounded by
  spaces</a> that explains the change. <p>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-mod-datetime" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>datetime</code></dfn>
  attribute may be used to specify the time and date of the change.<p>If present, the <code title="attr-mod-datetime"><a href="#attr-mod-datetime" id="datetime_8">datetime</a></code>
  attribute's value must be a <a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#valid-date-string-with-optional-time" id="valid-date-string-with-optional-time_2">valid date string with optional
  time</a>.<p>The <code><a href="the-ins-element.html#the-ins-element" id="ins_16">ins</a></code> and <code><a href="#the-del-element" id="del_16">del</a></code> elements  implement the <code><a href="#htmlmodelement" id="htmlmodelement_2">HTMLModElement</a></code>
  interface:<pre class="idl">interface <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="htmlmodelement" role="button" tabindex="0">HTMLModElement</dfn> : <a href="elements.html#htmlelement" id="htmlelement_65">HTMLElement</a> {
           attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/edits.html#dom-mod-cite" title='Read about this "cite" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>cite</a>;
           attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/edits.html#dom-mod-datetime" title='Read about this "dateTime" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>dateTime</a>;
};</pre><h4 id="edits-and-paragraphs"><span class="secno">4.7.4 </span>Edits and paragraphs</h4><p>Since the <code><a href="the-ins-element.html#the-ins-element" id="ins_17">ins</a></code> and <code><a href="#the-del-element" id="del_17">del</a></code> elements do not
  affect <a href="content-models.html#paragraph" id="paragraph_12" title="paragraph">paragraphing</a>, it is possible,
  in some cases where paragraphs are <a href="content-models.html#paragraph" id="paragraph_13" title="paragraph">implied</a> (without explicit <code><a href="the-p-element.html#the-p-element" id="p_17">p</a></code>
  elements), for an <code><a href="the-ins-element.html#the-ins-element" id="ins_18">ins</a></code> or <code><a href="#the-del-element" id="del_18">del</a></code> element to
  span both an entire paragraph or other non-<a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_112">phrasing
  content</a> elements and part of another paragraph. For
  example:<pre>&lt;section&gt;
 &lt;ins&gt;
  &lt;p&gt;
   This is a paragraph that was inserted.
  &lt;/p&gt;
  This is another paragraph whose first sentence was inserted
  at the same time as the paragraph above.
 &lt;/ins&gt;
 This is a second sentence, which was there all along.
&lt;/section&gt;</pre><p>By only wrapping some paragraphs in <code><a href="the-p-element.html#the-p-element" id="p_18">p</a></code> elements, one
  can even get the end of one paragraph, a whole second paragraph,
  and the start of a third paragraph to be covered by the same
  <code><a href="the-ins-element.html#the-ins-element" id="ins_19">ins</a></code> or <code><a href="#the-del-element" id="del_19">del</a></code> element (though this is very
  confusing, and not considered good practice):<pre class="bad">&lt;section&gt;
 This is the first paragraph. &lt;ins&gt;This sentence was
 inserted.
 &lt;p&gt;This second paragraph was inserted.&lt;/p&gt;
 This sentence was inserted too.&lt;/ins&gt; This is the
 third paragraph in this example.
 &lt;!-- (don't do this) --&gt;
&lt;/section&gt;</pre><p>However, due to the way <a href="content-models.html#paragraph" id="paragraph_14" title="paragraph">implied
  paragraphs</a> are defined, it is not possible to mark up the
  end of one paragraph and the start of the very next one using the
  same <code><a href="the-ins-element.html#the-ins-element" id="ins_20">ins</a></code> or <code><a href="#the-del-element" id="del_20">del</a></code> element. You instead have
  to use one (or two) <code><a href="the-p-element.html#the-p-element" id="p_19">p</a></code> element(s) and two
  <code><a href="the-ins-element.html#the-ins-element" id="ins_21">ins</a></code> or <code><a href="#the-del-element" id="del_21">del</a></code> elements, as for example:<pre>&lt;section&gt;
 &lt;p&gt;This is the first paragraph. &lt;del&gt;This sentence was
 deleted.&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p&gt;&lt;del&gt;This sentence was deleted too.&lt;/del&gt; That
 sentence needed a separate &amp;lt;del&amp;gt; element.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/section&gt;</pre><p>Partly because of the confusion described above, authors are
  strongly encouraged to always mark up all paragraphs with the
  <code><a href="the-p-element.html#the-p-element" id="p_20">p</a></code> element, instead of having <code><a href="the-ins-element.html#the-ins-element" id="ins_22">ins</a></code> or
  <code><a href="#the-del-element" id="del_22">del</a></code> elements that cross <a href="content-models.html#paragraph" id="paragraph_15" title="paragraph">implied
  paragraphs</a> boundaries.<h4 id="edits-and-lists"><span class="secno">4.7.5 </span>Edits and lists</h4><p>The content models of the <code><a href="the-ol-element.html#the-ol-element" id="ol_14">ol</a></code> and <code><a href="the-ul-element.html#the-ul-element" id="ul_11">ul</a></code>
  elements do not allow <code><a href="the-ins-element.html#the-ins-element" id="ins_23">ins</a></code> and <code><a href="#the-del-element" id="del_23">del</a></code> elements
  as children. Lists always represent all their items, including items
  that would otherwise have been marked as deleted.<p>To indicate that an item is inserted or deleted, an
  <code><a href="the-ins-element.html#the-ins-element" id="ins_24">ins</a></code> or <code><a href="#the-del-element" id="del_24">del</a></code> element can be wrapped around
  the contents of the <code><a href="the-li-element.html#the-li-element" id="li_11">li</a></code> element. To indicate that an
  item has been replaced by another, a single <code><a href="the-li-element.html#the-li-element" id="li_12">li</a></code> element
  can have one or more <code><a href="#the-del-element" id="del_25">del</a></code> elements followed by one or
  more <code><a href="the-ins-element.html#the-ins-element" id="ins_25">ins</a></code> elements.<div class="example">

   <p>In the following example, a list that started empty had items
   added and removed from it over time. The bits in the example that
   have been emphasized show the parts that are the "current" state of
   the list. The list item numbers don't take into account the edits,
   though.</p>

   <pre>&lt;h1&gt;Stop-ship bugs&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;ol&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;ins datetime="2008-02-12T15:20Z"&gt;<em>Bug 225:
 Rain detector doesn't work in snow</em>&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;del datetime="2008-03-01T20:22Z"&gt;&lt;ins datetime="2008-02-14T12:02Z"&gt;Bug 228:
 Water buffer overflows in April&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;ins datetime="2008-02-16T13:50Z"&gt;<em>Bug 230:
 Water heater doesn't use renewable fuels</em>&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;del datetime="2008-02-20T21:15Z"&gt;&lt;ins datetime="2008-02-16T14:25Z"&gt;Bug 232:
 Carbon dioxide emissions detected after startup&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;</pre>

  </div><div class="example">

   <p>In the following example, a list that started with just fruit
   was replaced by a list with just colors.</p>

   <pre>&lt;h1&gt;List of &lt;del&gt;fruits&lt;/del&gt;&lt;ins&gt;colors&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;del&gt;Lime&lt;/del&gt;&lt;ins&gt;Green&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;del&gt;Apple&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Orange&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;del&gt;Pear&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;ins&gt;Teal&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;del&gt;Lemon&lt;/del&gt;&lt;ins&gt;Yellow&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Olive&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;ins&gt;Purple&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</pre>

  </div>
--- NEW FILE: the-option-element.html ---
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"><html lang="en-US-x-Hixie"><meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv="Content-Type"><title>4.10.12 The option element &mdash; HTML5 (Edition for Web Authors)</title><meta content="width=device-width;" name="viewport"><meta content="IE=edge,chrome=1" http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible"><link href="whatwg.css" rel="stylesheet"><style type="text/css">
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</script><link href="the-optgroup-element.html" rel="prev" title="4.10.11 The optgroup element">
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   <h1>HTML5 <span class="edition">Edition for Web Authors</span> <span class="rcsrevision">revision 1.4918</span></h1>
   </div><div>
   <a href="the-optgroup-element.html">&larr; 4.10.11 The optgroup element</a> &ndash;
   <a href="Overview.html#contents">Table of contents</a> &ndash;
   <a href="the-textarea-element.html">4.10.13 The textarea element &rarr;</a>
  </div>

  <h4 id="the-option-element"><span class="secno">4.10.12 </span>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>option</code></dfn> element</h4><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
   <dd>None.</dd>
   <dt>Contexts in which this element can be used:</dt>
   <dd>As a child of a <code><a href="the-select-element.html#the-select-element" id="select_36">select</a></code> element.</dd>
   <dd>As a child of a <code><a href="the-datalist-element.html#the-datalist-element" id="datalist_17">datalist</a></code> element.</dd>
   <dd>As a child of an <code><a href="the-optgroup-element.html#the-optgroup-element" id="optgroup_9">optgroup</a></code> element.</dd>
   <dt>Content model:</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#text-content" id="text-content_5" title="text content">Text</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
   <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes" id="global-attributes_93">Global attributes</a></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-option-disabled"><a href="#attr-option-disabled" id="disabled_6">disabled</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-option-label"><a href="#attr-option-label" id="label_33">label</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-option-selected"><a href="#attr-option-selected" id="selected_0">selected</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-option-value"><a href="#attr-option-value" id="value_34">value</a></code></dd>
   <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
   <dd>
<pre class="idl">[NamedConstructor=<a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-button-element.html#dom-option" title='Read about this "Option" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>Option</a>(),
 NamedConstructor=<a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-button-element.html#dom-option-t" title='Read about this "Option" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>Option</a>(in DOMString text),
 NamedConstructor=<a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-button-element.html#dom-option-tv" title='Read about this "Option" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>Option</a>(in DOMString text, in DOMString value),
 NamedConstructor=<a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-button-element.html#dom-option-tvd" title='Read about this "Option" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>Option</a>(in DOMString text, in DOMString value, in boolean defaultSelected),
 NamedConstructor=<a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-button-element.html#dom-option-tvds" title='Read about this "Option" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>Option</a>(in DOMString text, in DOMString value, in boolean defaultSelected, in boolean selected)]
interface <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="htmloptionelement" role="button" tabindex="0">HTMLOptionElement</dfn> : <a href="elements.html#htmlelement" id="htmlelement_104">HTMLElement</a> {
           attribute boolean <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-button-element.html#dom-option-disabled" title='Read about this "disabled" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>disabled</a>;
  readonly attribute <a href="the-form-element.html#htmlformelement" id="htmlformelement_7">HTMLFormElement</a> <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-button-element.html#dom-option-form" title='Read about this "form" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>form</a>;
           attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-button-element.html#dom-option-label" title='Read about this "label" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>label</a>;
           attribute boolean <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-button-element.html#dom-option-defaultselected" title='Read about this "defaultSelected" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>defaultSelected</a>;
           attribute boolean <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-button-element.html#dom-option-selected" title='Read about this "selected" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>selected</a>;
           attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-button-element.html#dom-option-value" title='Read about this "value" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>value</a>;

           attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-button-element.html#dom-option-text" title='Read about this "text" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>text</a>;
  readonly attribute long <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-button-element.html#dom-option-index" title='Read about this "index" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>index</a>;
};</pre>
   </dd>
  </dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-option-element" id="option_27">option</a></code> element <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/rendering.html#represents" title='Read about this "represents" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>represents</a> an option
  in a <code><a href="the-select-element.html#the-select-element" id="select_37">select</a></code> element or as part of a list of suggestions
  in a <code><a href="the-datalist-element.html#the-datalist-element" id="datalist_18">datalist</a></code> element.<p>In certain circumstances described in the definition of the
  <code><a href="the-select-element.html#the-select-element" id="select_38">select</a></code> element, an <code><a href="#the-option-element" id="option_28">option</a></code> element can be a
  <code><a href="the-select-element.html#the-select-element" id="select_39">select</a></code> element's <a href="the-select-element.html#placeholder-label-option" id="placeholder-label-option_1">placeholder label option</a>.
  A <a href="the-select-element.html#placeholder-label-option" id="placeholder-label-option_2">placeholder label option</a> does not represent an actual
  option, but instead represents a label for the <code><a href="the-select-element.html#the-select-element" id="select_40">select</a></code>
  control.<p>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-option-disabled" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>disabled</code></dfn>
  attribute is a <a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#boolean-attribute" id="boolean-attribute_16">boolean attribute</a>. An
  <code><a href="#the-option-element" id="option_29">option</a></code> element is <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="concept-option-disabled" role="button" tabindex="0">disabled</dfn> if its <code title="attr-option-disabled"><a href="#attr-option-disabled" id="disabled_7">disabled</a></code> attribute is present or
  if it is a child of an <code><a href="the-optgroup-element.html#the-optgroup-element" id="optgroup_10">optgroup</a></code> element whose <code title="attr-optgroup-disabled"><a href="the-optgroup-element.html#attr-optgroup-disabled" id="disabled_4">disabled</a></code> attribute is
  present.<p>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-option-label" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>label</code></dfn>
  attribute provides a label for element. The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="concept-option-label" role="button" tabindex="0">label</dfn> of an <code><a href="#the-option-element" id="option_30">option</a></code>
  element is the value of the <code title="attr-option-label"><a href="#attr-option-label" id="label_34">label</a></code> attribute, if there is one,
  or the <code><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/infrastructure.html#textcontent" title='Read about this "textContent" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>textContent</a></code> of the element, if there isn't.<p>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-option-value" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>value</code></dfn>
  attribute provides a value for element. The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="concept-option-value" role="button" tabindex="0">value</dfn> of an <code><a href="#the-option-element" id="option_31">option</a></code>
  element is the value of the <code title="attr-option-value"><a href="#attr-option-value" id="value_35">value</a></code> attribute, if there is one,
  or the <code><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/infrastructure.html#textcontent" title='Read about this "textContent" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>textContent</a></code> of the element, if there isn't.<p>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-option-selected" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>selected</code></dfn>
  attribute is a <a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#boolean-attribute" id="boolean-attribute_17">boolean attribute</a>. It represents the
  default <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-button-element.html#concept-option-selectedness" title='Read about this "selectedness" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>selectedness</a> of the
  element.<p>A <code><a href="the-select-element.html#the-select-element" id="select_41">select</a></code> element whose <code title="attr-select-multiple"><a href="the-select-element.html#attr-select-multiple" id="multiple_40">multiple</a></code> attribute is not
  specified must not have more than one descendant <code><a href="#the-option-element" id="option_32">option</a></code>
  element with its <code title="attr-option-selected"><a href="#attr-option-selected" id="selected_1">selected</a></code>
  attribute set.<dl class="domintro"><dt><var title="">option</var> . <code title="dom-option-selected"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-button-element.html#dom-option-selected" title='Read about this "selected" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>selected</a></code></dt>

   <dd>

    <p>Returns true if the element is selected, and false otherwise.</p>

    <p>Can be set, to override the current state of the element.</p>

   </dd>

   <dt><var title="">option</var> . <code title="dom-option-index"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-button-element.html#dom-option-index" title='Read about this "index" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>index</a></code></dt>

   <dd>

    <p>Returns the index of the element in its <code><a href="the-select-element.html#the-select-element" id="select_42">select</a></code>
    element's <code title="dom-select-options"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-button-element.html#dom-select-options" title='Read about this "options" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>options</a></code>
    list.</p>

   </dd>

   <dt><var title="">option</var> . <code title="dom-option-form"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-button-element.html#dom-option-form" title='Read about this "form" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>form</a></code></dt>

   <dd>

    <p>Returns the element's <code><a href="the-form-element.html#the-form-element" id="form_22">form</a></code> element, if any, or
    null otherwise.</p>

   </dd>

   <dt><var title="">option</var> . <code title="dom-option-text"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-button-element.html#dom-option-text" title='Read about this "text" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>text</a></code></dt>

   <dd>

    <p>Same as <code><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/infrastructure.html#textcontent" title='Read about this "textContent" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>textContent</a></code>, except that spaces are collapsed.</p>

   </dd>

   <dt><var title="">option</var> = new <code title="dom-option"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-button-element.html#dom-option" title='Read about this "Option" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>Option</a></code>( [ <var title="">text</var> [, <var title="">value</var> [, <var title="">defaultSelected</var> [, <var title="">selected</var> ] ] ] ] )</dt>

   <dd>

    <p>Returns a new <code><a href="#the-option-element" id="option_33">option</a></code> element.</p>

    <p>The <var title="">text</var> argument sets the contents of the element.</p>
    <p>The <var title="">value</var> argument sets the <code title="attr-option-value"><a href="#attr-option-value" id="value_36">value</a></code> attribute.</p>
    <p>The <var title="">defaultSelected</var> argument sets the <code title="attr-option-selected"><a href="#attr-option-selected" id="selected_2">selected</a></code> attribute.</p>
    <p>The <var title="">selected</var> argument sets whether or not the element is selected. If it is omitted, even if the <var title="">defaultSelected</var> argument is true, the element is not selected.</p>

   </dd>

  </dl>
--- NEW FILE: the-dd-element.html ---
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</script><link href="the-dt-element.html" rel="prev" title="4.5.9 The dt element">
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  <body class="split chapter" onload="fixBrokenLink(); init()"><div class="head" id="head">
   <p><a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img alt="W3C" height="48" src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" width="72"></a></p>

   <h1>HTML5 <span class="edition">Edition for Web Authors</span> <span class="rcsrevision">revision 1.4918</span></h1>
   </div><div>
   <a href="the-dt-element.html">&larr; 4.5.9 The dt element</a> &ndash;
   <a href="Overview.html#contents">Table of contents</a> &ndash;
   <a href="the-figure-element.html">4.5.11 The figure element &rarr;</a>
  </div>

  <h4 id="the-dd-element"><span class="secno">4.5.10 </span>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>dd</code></dfn> element</h4><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
   <dd>None.</dd>
   <dt>Contexts in which this element can be used:</dt>
   <dd>After <code><a href="the-dt-element.html#the-dt-element" id="dt_6">dt</a></code> or <code><a href="#the-dd-element" id="dd_4">dd</a></code> elements inside <code><a href="the-dl-element.html#the-dl-element" id="dl_9">dl</a></code> elements.</dd>
   <dt>Content model:</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_55">Flow content</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
   <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes" id="global-attributes_28">Global attributes</a></dd>
   <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
   <dd>Uses <code><a href="elements.html#htmlelement" id="htmlelement_35">HTMLElement</a></code>.</dd>
  </dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-dd-element" id="dd_5">dd</a></code> element <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/rendering.html#represents" title='Read about this "represents" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>represents</a> the
  description, definition, or value, part of a term-description group
  in a description list (<code><a href="the-dl-element.html#the-dl-element" id="dl_10">dl</a></code> element).<div class="example">

   <p>A <code><a href="the-dl-element.html#the-dl-element" id="dl_11">dl</a></code> can be used to define a vocabulary list, like
   in a dictionary. In the following example, each entry, given by a
   <code><a href="the-dt-element.html#the-dt-element" id="dt_7">dt</a></code> with a <code><a href="the-dfn-element.html#the-dfn-element" id="dfn_3">dfn</a></code>, has several
   <code><a href="#the-dd-element" id="dd_6">dd</a></code>s, showing the various parts of the definition.</p>

   
   <pre>&lt;dl&gt;
 &lt;dt&gt;&lt;dfn&gt;happiness&lt;/dfn&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
 &lt;dd class="pronunciation"&gt;/'h&aelig; p. nes/&lt;/dd&gt;
 &lt;dd class="part-of-speech"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;abbr&gt;n.&lt;/abbr&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/dd&gt;
 &lt;dd&gt;The state of being happy.&lt;/dd&gt;
 &lt;dd&gt;Good fortune; success. &lt;q&gt;Oh &lt;b&gt;happiness&lt;/b&gt;! It worked!&lt;/q&gt;&lt;/dd&gt;
 &lt;dt&gt;&lt;dfn&gt;rejoice&lt;/dfn&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
 &lt;dd class="pronunciation"&gt;/ri jois'/&lt;/dd&gt;
 &lt;dd&gt;&lt;i class="part-of-speech"&gt;&lt;abbr&gt;v.intr.&lt;/abbr&gt;&lt;/i&gt; To be delighted oneself.&lt;/dd&gt;
 &lt;dd&gt;&lt;i class="part-of-speech"&gt;&lt;abbr&gt;v.tr.&lt;/abbr&gt;&lt;/i&gt; To cause one to be delighted.&lt;/dd&gt;
&lt;/dl&gt;</pre>
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</script><link href="the-p-element.html" rel="prev" title="4.5.1 The p element">
  <link href="Overview.html#contents" rel="index" title="Table of contents">
  <link href="the-pre-element.html" rel="next" title="4.5.3 The pre element">
  <body class="split chapter" onload="fixBrokenLink(); init()"><div class="head" id="head">
   <p><a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img alt="W3C" height="48" src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" width="72"></a></p>

   <h1>HTML5 <span class="edition">Edition for Web Authors</span> <span class="rcsrevision">revision 1.4918</span></h1>
   </div><div>
   <a href="the-p-element.html">&larr; 4.5.1 The p element</a> &ndash;
   <a href="Overview.html#contents">Table of contents</a> &ndash;
   <a href="the-pre-element.html">4.5.3 The pre element &rarr;</a>
  </div>

  <h4 id="the-hr-element"><span class="secno">4.5.2 </span>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>hr</code></dfn> element</h4><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_41">Flow content</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Contexts in which this element can be used:</dt>
   <dd>Where <a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_42">flow content</a> is expected.</dd>
   <dt>Content model:</dt>
   <dd>Empty.</dd>
   <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
   <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes" id="global-attributes_20">Global attributes</a></dd>
   <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
   <dd>
    <pre class="idl">interface <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="htmlhrelement" role="button" tabindex="0">HTMLHRElement</dfn> : <a href="elements.html#htmlelement" id="htmlelement_27">HTMLElement</a> {};</pre>
   </dd>
  </dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-hr-element" id="hr_3">hr</a></code> element <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/rendering.html#represents" title='Read about this "represents" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>represents</a> a
  <a href="content-models.html#paragraph" id="paragraph_6">paragraph</a>-level thematic break, e.g. a scene change in
  a story, or a transition to another topic within a section of a
  reference book.<div class="example">

   <p>The following fictional extract from a project manual shows two
   sections that use the <code><a href="#the-hr-element" id="hr_4">hr</a></code> element to separate topics
   within the section.</p>

   <pre>&lt;section&gt;
 &lt;h1&gt;Communication&lt;/h1&gt;
 &lt;p&gt;There are various methods of communication. This section
 covers a few of the important ones used by the project.&lt;/p&gt;
 <strong>&lt;hr&gt;</strong>
 &lt;p&gt;Communication stones seem to come in pairs and have mysterious
 properties:&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;They can transfer thoughts in two directions once activated
  if used alone.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;If used with another device, they can transfer one's
  consciousness to another body.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;If both stones are used with another device, the
  consciousnesses switch bodies.&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;/ul&gt;
 <strong>&lt;hr&gt;</strong>
 &lt;p&gt;Radios use the electromagnetic spectrum in the meter range and
 longer.&lt;/p&gt;
 <strong>&lt;hr&gt;</strong>
 &lt;p&gt;Signal flares use the electromagnetic spectrum in the
 nanometer range.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/section&gt;
&lt;section&gt;
 &lt;h1&gt;Food&lt;/h1&gt;
 &lt;p&gt;All food at the project is rationed:&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;dl&gt;
  &lt;dt&gt;Potatoes&lt;/dt&gt;
  &lt;dd&gt;Two per day&lt;/dd&gt;
  &lt;dt&gt;Soup&lt;/dt&gt;
  &lt;dd&gt;One bowl per day&lt;/dd&gt;
 &lt;/dl&gt;
 <strong>&lt;hr&gt;</strong>
 &lt;p&gt;Cooking is done by the chefs on a set rotation.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/section&gt;</pre>

   <p>There is no need for an <code><a href="#the-hr-element" id="hr_5">hr</a></code> element between the
   sections themselves, since the <code><a href="the-section-element.html#the-section-element" id="section_11">section</a></code> elements and
   the <code><a href="the-h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-and-h6-elements.html#the-h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-and-h6-elements" id="h1_16">h1</a></code> elements imply thematic changes themselves.</p>

  </div><div class="example">

   <p>The following extract from <cite>Pandora's Star</cite> by Peter
   F. Hamilton shows two paragraphs that precede a scene change and
   the paragraph that follows it. The scene change, represented in the
   printed book by a gap containing a solitary centered star between
   the second and third paragraphs, is here represented using the
   <code><a href="#the-hr-element" id="hr_6">hr</a></code> element.</p>

   

   <pre lang="en-GB">&lt;p&gt;Dudley was ninety-two, in his second life, and fast approaching
time for another rejuvenation. Despite his body having the physical
age of a standard fifty-year-old, the prospect of a long degrading
campaign within academia was one he regarded with dread. For a
supposedly advanced civilization, the Intersolar Commonwearth could be
appallingly backward at times, not to mention cruel.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Maybe it won't be that bad&lt;/i&gt;, he told himself. The lie was
comforting enough to get him through the rest of the night's
shift.&lt;/p&gt;
<strong>&lt;hr&gt;</strong>
&lt;p&gt;The Carlton AllLander drove Dudley home just after dawn. Like the
astronomer, the vehicle was old and worn, but perfectly capable of
doing its job. It had a cheap diesel engine, common enough on a
semi-frontier world like Gralmond, although its drive array was a
thoroughly modern photoneural processor. With its high suspension and
deep-tread tyres it could plough along the dirt track to the
observatory in all weather and seasons, including the metre-deep snow
of Gralmond's winters.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>

  </div><p class="note">The <code><a href="#the-hr-element" id="hr_7">hr</a></code> element does not affect the
  document's <a href="the-address-element.html#outline" id="outline_5">outline</a>.
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   <h1>HTML5 <span class="edition">Edition for Web Authors</span> <span class="rcsrevision">revision 1.4918</span></h1>
   </div><div>
   <a href="the-details-element.html">&larr; 4.11.1 The details element</a> &ndash;
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   <a href="the-command-element.html">4.11.3 The command element &rarr;</a>
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  <h4 id="the-summary-element"><span class="secno">4.11.2 </span>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>summary</code></dfn> element</h4><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
   <dd>None.</dd>
   <dt>Contexts in which this element can be used:</dt>
   <dd>As the first child of a <code><a href="the-details-element.html#the-details-element" id="details_11">details</a></code> element.</dd>
   <dt>Content model:</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_159">Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
   <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes" id="global-attributes_100">Global attributes</a></dd>
   <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
   <dd>Uses <code><a href="elements.html#htmlelement" id="htmlelement_111">HTMLElement</a></code>.</dd>
  </dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-summary-element" id="summary_2">summary</a></code> element <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/rendering.html#represents" title='Read about this "represents" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>represents</a> a
  summary, caption, or legend for the rest of the contents of the
  <code><a href="#the-summary-element" id="summary_3">summary</a></code> element's parent <code><a href="the-details-element.html#the-details-element" id="details_12">details</a></code>
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</script><link href="the-strong-element.html" rel="prev" title="4.6.3 The strong element">
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  <body class="split chapter" onload="fixBrokenLink(); init()"><div class="head" id="head">
   <p><a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img alt="W3C" height="48" src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" width="72"></a></p>

   <h1>HTML5 <span class="edition">Edition for Web Authors</span> <span class="rcsrevision">revision 1.4918</span></h1>
   </div><div>
   <a href="the-strong-element.html">&larr; 4.6.3 The strong element</a> &ndash;
   <a href="Overview.html#contents">Table of contents</a> &ndash;
   <a href="the-s-element.html">4.6.5 The s element &rarr;</a>
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  <h4 id="the-small-element"><span class="secno">4.6.4 </span>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>small</code></dfn> element</h4><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_70">Flow content</a>.</dd>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_36">Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Contexts in which this element can be used:</dt>
   <dd>Where <a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_37">phrasing content</a> is expected.</dd>
   <dt>Content model:</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_38">Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
   <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes" id="global-attributes_35">Global attributes</a></dd>
   <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
   <dd>Uses <code><a href="elements.html#htmlelement" id="htmlelement_42">HTMLElement</a></code>.</dd>
  </dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-small-element" id="small_2">small</a></code> element <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/rendering.html#represents" title='Read about this "represents" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>represents</a> side
  comments such as small print.<p class="note">Small print typically features disclaimers, caveats,
  legal restrictions, or copyrights. Small print is also sometimes
  used for attribution, or for satisfying licensing requirements.<p class="note">The <code><a href="#the-small-element" id="small_3">small</a></code> element does not
  "de-emphasize" or lower the importance of text emphasized by the
  <code><a href="the-em-element.html#the-em-element" id="em_5">em</a></code> element or marked as important with the
  <code><a href="the-strong-element.html#the-strong-element" id="strong_6">strong</a></code> element. To mark text as not emphasized or
  important, simply do not mark it up with the <code><a href="the-em-element.html#the-em-element" id="em_6">em</a></code> or
  <code><a href="the-strong-element.html#the-strong-element" id="strong_7">strong</a></code> elements respectively.<p>The <code><a href="#the-small-element" id="small_4">small</a></code> element should not be used for extended
  spans of text, such as multiple paragraphs, lists, or sections of
  text. It is only intended for short runs of text. The text of a page
  listing terms of use, for instance, would not be a suitable
  candidate for the <code><a href="#the-small-element" id="small_5">small</a></code> element: in such a case, the
  text is not a side comment, it is the main content of the page.<div class="example">

   <p>In this example, the <code><a href="#the-small-element" id="small_6">small</a></code> element is used to
   indicate that value-added tax is not included in a price of a hotel
   room:</p>

   <pre class="example">&lt;dl&gt;
 &lt;dt&gt;Single room
 &lt;dd&gt;199 &euro; &lt;small&gt;breakfast included, VAT not included&lt;/small&gt;
 &lt;dt&gt;Double room
 &lt;dd&gt;239 &euro; &lt;small&gt;breakfast included, VAT not included&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/dl&gt;</pre>

  </div><div class="example">

   <p>In this second example, the <code><a href="#the-small-element" id="small_7">small</a></code> element is used
   for a side comment in an article.</p>

   <pre>&lt;p&gt;Example Corp today announced record profits for the
second quarter &lt;small&gt;(Full Disclosure: Foo News is a subsidiary of
Example Corp)&lt;/small&gt;, leading to speculation about a third quarter
merger with Demo Group.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>

   <p>This is distinct from a sidebar, which might be multiple
   paragraphs long and is removed from the main flow of text. In the
   following example, we see a sidebar from the same article. This
   sidebar also has small print, indicating the source of the
   information in the sidebar.</p>

   <pre>&lt;aside&gt;
 &lt;h1&gt;Example Corp&lt;/h1&gt;
 &lt;p&gt;This company mostly creates small software and Web
 sites.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p&gt;The Example Corp company mission is "To provide entertainment
 and news on a sample basis".&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p&gt;&lt;small&gt;Information obtained from &lt;a
 href="http://example.com/about.html"&gt;example.com&lt;/a&gt; home
 page.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/aside&gt;</pre>

  </div><div class="example">

   <p>In this last example, the <code><a href="#the-small-element" id="small_8">small</a></code> element is marked
   as being <em>important</em> small print.</p>

   <pre>&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;small&gt;Continued use of this service will result in a kiss.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</pre>

  </div>
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   <h1>HTML5 <span class="edition">Edition for Web Authors</span> <span class="rcsrevision">revision 1.4918</span></h1>
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   <a href="the-samp-element.html">&larr; 4.6.13 The samp element</a> &ndash;
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   <a href="the-sub-and-sup-elements.html">4.6.15 The sub and sup elements &rarr;</a>
  </div>

  <h4 id="the-kbd-element"><span class="secno">4.6.14 </span>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>kbd</code></dfn> element</h4><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_80">Flow content</a>.</dd>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_67">Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Contexts in which this element can be used:</dt>
   <dd>Where <a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_68">phrasing content</a> is expected.</dd>
   <dt>Content model:</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_69">Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
   <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes" id="global-attributes_45">Global attributes</a></dd>
   <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
   <dd>Uses <code><a href="elements.html#htmlelement" id="htmlelement_51">HTMLElement</a></code>.</dd>
  </dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-kbd-element" id="kbd_6">kbd</a></code> element <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/rendering.html#represents" title='Read about this "represents" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>represents</a> user input
  (typically keyboard input, although it may also be used to represent
  other input, such as voice commands).<p>When the <code><a href="#the-kbd-element" id="kbd_7">kbd</a></code> element is nested inside a
  <code><a href="the-samp-element.html#the-samp-element" id="samp_6">samp</a></code> element, it represents the input as it was echoed
  by the system.<p>When the <code><a href="#the-kbd-element" id="kbd_8">kbd</a></code> element <em>contains</em> a
  <code><a href="the-samp-element.html#the-samp-element" id="samp_7">samp</a></code> element, it represents input based on system
  output, for example invoking a menu item.<p>When the <code><a href="#the-kbd-element" id="kbd_9">kbd</a></code> element is nested inside another
  <code><a href="#the-kbd-element" id="kbd_10">kbd</a></code> element, it represents an actual key or other
  single unit of input as appropriate for the input mechanism.<div class="example">
   <p>Here the <code><a href="#the-kbd-element" id="kbd_11">kbd</a></code> element is used to indicate keys to press:</p>
   <pre>&lt;p&gt;To make George eat an apple, press &lt;kbd&gt;&lt;kbd&gt;Shift&lt;/kbd&gt;+&lt;kbd&gt;F3&lt;/kbd&gt;&lt;/kbd&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</pre>

   <p>In this second example, the user is told to pick a particular
   menu item. The outer <code><a href="#the-kbd-element" id="kbd_12">kbd</a></code> element marks up a block of
   input, with the inner <code><a href="#the-kbd-element" id="kbd_13">kbd</a></code> elements representing each
   individual step of the input, and the <code><a href="the-samp-element.html#the-samp-element" id="samp_8">samp</a></code> elements
   inside them indicating that the steps are input based on something
   being displayed by the system, in this case menu labels:</p>

   <pre>&lt;p&gt;To make George eat an apple, select
    &lt;kbd&gt;&lt;kbd&gt;&lt;samp&gt;File&lt;/samp&gt;&lt;/kbd&gt;|&lt;kbd&gt;&lt;samp&gt;Eat Apple...&lt;/samp&gt;&lt;/kbd&gt;&lt;/kbd&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;</pre>

   <p>Such precision isn't necessary; the following is equally fine:</p>

   <pre>&lt;p&gt;To make George eat an apple, select &lt;kbd&gt;File | Eat Apple...&lt;/kbd&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</pre>

  </div>
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   <h1>HTML5 <span class="edition">Edition for Web Authors</span> <span class="rcsrevision">revision 1.4918</span></h1>
   </div><div>
   <a href="the-bdo-element.html">&larr; 4.6.24 The bdo element</a> &ndash;
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   <a href="the-br-element.html">4.6.26 The br element &rarr;</a>
  </div>

  <h4 id="the-span-element"><span class="secno">4.6.25 </span>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>span</code></dfn> element</h4><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_89">Flow content</a>.</dd>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_96">Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Contexts in which this element can be used:</dt>
   <dd>Where <a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_97">phrasing content</a> is expected.</dd>
   <dt>Content model:</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_98">Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
   <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes" id="global-attributes_56">Global attributes</a></dd>
   <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
   <dd>
    <pre class="idl">interface <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="htmlspanelement" role="button" tabindex="0">HTMLSpanElement</dfn> : <a href="elements.html#htmlelement" id="htmlelement_62">HTMLElement</a> {};</pre>
   </dd>
  </dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-span-element" id="span_8">span</a></code> element doesn't mean anything on its own,
  but can be useful when used together with the <a href="elements.html#global-attributes" id="global-attributes_57">global
  attributes</a>, e.g. <code title="attr-class"><a href="elements.html#classes" id="class_7">class</a></code>, <code title="attr-lang"><a href="elements.html#attr-lang" id="lang_8">lang</a></code>, or <code title="attr-dir"><a href="elements.html#the-dir-attribute" id="dir_18">dir</a></code>.
  It <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/rendering.html#represents" title='Read about this "represents" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>represents</a> its children.<div class="example">

   <p>In this example, a code fragment is marked up using
   <code><a href="#the-span-element" id="span_9">span</a></code> elements and <code title="attr-class"><a href="elements.html#classes" id="class_8">class</a></code> attributes so that its keywords and
   identifiers can be color-coded from CSS:</p>

   

   <pre>&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code class="lang-c"&gt;&lt;span class="keyword"&gt;for&lt;/span&gt; (&lt;span class="ident"&gt;j&lt;/span&gt; = 0; &lt;span class="ident"&gt;j&lt;/span&gt; &amp;lt; 256; &lt;span class="ident"&gt;j&lt;/span&gt;++) {
  &lt;span class="ident"&gt;i_t3&lt;/span&gt; = (&lt;span class="ident"&gt;i_t3&lt;/span&gt; &amp; 0x1ffff) | (&lt;span class="ident"&gt;j&lt;/span&gt; &amp;lt;&amp;lt; 17);
  &lt;span class="ident"&gt;i_t6&lt;/span&gt; = (((((((&lt;span class="ident"&gt;i_t3&lt;/span&gt; &gt;&gt; 3) ^ &lt;span class="ident"&gt;i_t3&lt;/span&gt;) &gt;&gt; 1) ^ &lt;span class="ident"&gt;i_t3&lt;/span&gt;) &gt;&gt; 8) ^ &lt;span class="ident"&gt;i_t3&lt;/span&gt;) &gt;&gt; 5) &amp; 0xff;
  &lt;span class="keyword"&gt;if&lt;/span&gt; (&lt;span class="ident"&gt;i_t6&lt;/span&gt; == &lt;span class="ident"&gt;i_t1&lt;/span&gt;)
    &lt;span class="keyword"&gt;break&lt;/span&gt;;
}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;</pre>

  </div>
--- NEW FILE: the-fieldset-element.html ---
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   <h1>HTML5 <span class="edition">Edition for Web Authors</span> <span class="rcsrevision">revision 1.4918</span></h1>
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   <a href="the-form-element.html">&larr; 4.10.3 The form element</a> &ndash;
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   <a href="the-legend-element.html">4.10.5 The legend element &rarr;</a>
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  <h4 id="the-fieldset-element"><span class="secno">4.10.4 </span>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>fieldset</code></dfn> element</h4><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_120">Flow content</a>.</dd>
   <dd><a href="the-address-element.html#sectioning-root" id="sectioning-root_9">Sectioning root</a>.</dd>
   <dd><a href="forms.html#category-listed" id="category-listed_2" title="category-listed">Listed</a> <a href="forms.html#form-associated-element" id="form-associated-element_5">form-associated element</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Contexts in which this element can be used:</dt>
   <dd>Where <a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_121">flow content</a> is expected.</dd>
   <dt>Content model:</dt>
   <dd>Optionally a <code><a href="the-legend-element.html#the-legend-element" id="legend_0">legend</a></code> element, followed by <a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_122">flow content</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
   <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes" id="global-attributes_85">Global attributes</a></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-fieldset-disabled"><a href="#attr-fieldset-disabled" id="disabled_0">disabled</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-fae-form"><a href="association-of-controls-and-forms.html#attr-fae-form" id="form_43">form</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-fe-name"><a href="association-of-controls-and-forms.html#attr-fe-name" id="name_30">name</a></code></dd>
   <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
   <dd>
<pre class="idl">interface <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="htmlfieldsetelement" role="button" tabindex="0">HTMLFieldSetElement</dfn> : <a href="elements.html#htmlelement" id="htmlelement_91">HTMLElement</a> {
           attribute boolean <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/forms.html#dom-fieldset-disabled" title='Read about this "disabled" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>disabled</a>;
  readonly attribute <a href="the-form-element.html#htmlformelement" id="htmlformelement_1">HTMLFormElement</a> <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/association-of-controls-and-forms.html#dom-fae-form" title='Read about this "form" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>form</a>;
           attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/association-of-controls-and-forms.html#dom-fe-name" title='Read about this "name" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>name</a>;

  readonly attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/forms.html#dom-fieldset-type" title='Read about this "type" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>type</a>;

  readonly attribute <a href="urls.html#htmlformcontrolscollection" id="htmlformcontrolscollection_3">HTMLFormControlsCollection</a> <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/forms.html#dom-fieldset-elements" title='Read about this "elements" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>elements</a>;

  readonly attribute boolean <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/association-of-controls-and-forms.html#dom-cva-willvalidate" title='Read about this "willValidate" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>willValidate</a>;
  readonly attribute <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/association-of-controls-and-forms.html#validitystate" title='Read about this "ValidityState" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>ValidityState</a> <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/association-of-controls-and-forms.html#dom-cva-validity" title='Read about this "validity" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>validity</a>;
  readonly attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/association-of-controls-and-forms.html#dom-cva-validationmessage" title='Read about this "validationMessage" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>validationMessage</a>;
  boolean <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/association-of-controls-and-forms.html#dom-cva-checkvalidatity" title='Read about this "checkValidity" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>checkValidity</a>();
  void <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/association-of-controls-and-forms.html#dom-cva-setcustomvalidity" title='Read about this "setCustomValidity" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>setCustomValidity</a>(in DOMString error);
};</pre>
   </dd>
  </dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-fieldset-element" id="fieldset_8">fieldset</a></code> element <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/rendering.html#represents" title='Read about this "represents" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>represents</a> a set
  of form controls optionally grouped under a common name.<p>The name of the group is given by the first <code><a href="the-legend-element.html#the-legend-element" id="legend_1">legend</a></code>
  element that is a child of the <code><a href="#the-fieldset-element" id="fieldset_9">fieldset</a></code> element, if
  any. The remainder of the descendants form the group.<p>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-fieldset-disabled" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>disabled</code></dfn>
  attribute, when specified, causes all the form control descendants
  of the <code><a href="#the-fieldset-element" id="fieldset_10">fieldset</a></code> element, excluding those that are
  descendants of the <code><a href="#the-fieldset-element" id="fieldset_11">fieldset</a></code> element's first
  <code><a href="the-legend-element.html#the-legend-element" id="legend_2">legend</a></code> element child, if any, to be <a href="association-of-controls-and-forms.html#concept-fe-disabled" id="concept-fe-disabled_1" title="concept-fe-disabled">disabled</a>.<p>The <code title="attr-fae-form"><a href="association-of-controls-and-forms.html#attr-fae-form" id="form_44">form</a></code> attribute is used to
  explicitly associate the <code><a href="#the-fieldset-element" id="fieldset_12">fieldset</a></code> element with its
  <a href="association-of-controls-and-forms.html#form-owner" id="form-owner_2">form owner</a>. The <code title="attr-fe-name"><a href="association-of-controls-and-forms.html#attr-fe-name" id="name_31">name</a></code>
  attribute represents the element's name.<dl class="domintro"><dt><var title="">fieldset</var> . <code title="dom-fieldset-type"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/forms.html#dom-fieldset-type" title='Read about this "type" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>type</a></code></dt>

   <dd>

    <p>Returns the string "fieldset".</p>

   </dd>

   <dt><var title="">fieldset</var> . <code title="dom-form-elements"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/forms.html#dom-form-elements" title='Read about this "elements" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>elements</a></code></dt>

   <dd>

    <p>Returns an <code><a href="urls.html#htmlformcontrolscollection" id="htmlformcontrolscollection_4">HTMLFormControlsCollection</a></code> of the form
    controls in the element.</p>

   </dd>

  </dl><div class="example">

   <p>The following snippet shows a fieldset with a checkbox in the
   legend that controls whether or not the fieldset is enabled. The
   contents of the fieldset consist of two required text fields and an
   optional year/month control.</p>

   <pre>&lt;fieldset name="clubfields" disabled&gt;
 &lt;legend&gt; &lt;label&gt;
  &lt;input type=checkbox name=club onchange="form.clubfields.disabled = !checked"&gt;
  Use Club Card
 &lt;/label&gt; &lt;/legend&gt;
 &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;Name on card: &lt;input name=clubname required&gt;&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;Card number: &lt;input name=clubnum required pattern="[-0-9]+"&gt;&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;Expiry date: &lt;input name=clubexp type=month&gt;&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/fieldset&gt;</pre>

  </div><div class="example">

   <p>You can also nest <code><a href="#the-fieldset-element" id="fieldset_13">fieldset</a></code> elements. Here is an
   example expanding on the previous one that does so:</p>

   <pre>&lt;fieldset name="clubfields" disabled&gt;
 &lt;legend&gt; &lt;label&gt;
  &lt;input type=checkbox name=club onchange="form.clubfields.disabled = !checked"&gt;
  Use Club Card
 &lt;/label&gt; &lt;/legend&gt;
 &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;Name on card: &lt;input name=clubname required&gt;&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;fieldset name="numfields"&gt;
  &lt;legend&gt; &lt;label&gt;
   &lt;input type=radio checked name=clubtype onchange="form.numfields.disabled = !checked"&gt;
   My card has numbers on it
  &lt;/label&gt; &lt;/legend&gt;
  &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;Card number: &lt;input name=clubnum required pattern="[-0-9]+"&gt;&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/fieldset&gt;
 &lt;fieldset name="letfields" disabled&gt;
  &lt;legend&gt; &lt;label&gt;
   &lt;input type=radio name=clubtype onchange="form.letfields.disabled = !checked"&gt;
   My card has letters on it
  &lt;/label&gt; &lt;/legend&gt;
  &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;Card code: &lt;input name=clublet required pattern="[A-Za-z]+"&gt;&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/fieldset&gt;
&lt;/fieldset&gt;</pre>

   <p>In this example, if the outer "Use Club Card" checkbox is not
   checked, everything inside the outer <code><a href="#the-fieldset-element" id="fieldset_14">fieldset</a></code>,
   including the two radio buttons in the legends of the two nested
   <code><a href="#the-fieldset-element" id="fieldset_15">fieldset</a></code>s, will be disabled. However, if the checkbox
   is checked, then the radio buttons will both be enabled and will
   let you select which of the two inner <code><a href="#the-fieldset-element" id="fieldset_16">fieldset</a></code>s is to
   be enabled.</p>

  </div>
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</script><link href="the-dd-element.html" rel="prev" title="4.5.10 The dd element">
  <link href="Overview.html#contents" rel="index" title="Table of contents">
  <link href="the-figcaption-element.html" rel="next" title="4.5.12 The figcaption element">
  <body class="split chapter" onload="fixBrokenLink(); init()"><div class="head" id="head">
   <p><a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img alt="W3C" height="48" src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" width="72"></a></p>

   <h1>HTML5 <span class="edition">Edition for Web Authors</span> <span class="rcsrevision">revision 1.4918</span></h1>
   </div><div>
   <a href="the-dd-element.html">&larr; 4.5.10 The dd element</a> &ndash;
   <a href="Overview.html#contents">Table of contents</a> &ndash;
   <a href="the-figcaption-element.html">4.5.12 The figcaption element &rarr;</a>
  </div>

  <h4 id="the-figure-element"><span class="secno">4.5.11 </span>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>figure</code></dfn> element</h4><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_56">Flow content</a>.</dd>
   <dd><a href="the-address-element.html#sectioning-root" id="sectioning-root_7">Sectioning root</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Contexts in which this element can be used:</dt>
   <dd>Where <a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_57">flow content</a> is expected.</dd>
   <dt>Content model:</dt>
   <dd>Either: One <code><a href="the-figcaption-element.html#the-figcaption-element" id="figcaption_0">figcaption</a></code> element followed by <a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_58">flow content</a>.</dd>
   <dd>Or: <a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_59">Flow content</a> followed by one <code><a href="the-figcaption-element.html#the-figcaption-element" id="figcaption_1">figcaption</a></code> element.</dd>
   <dd>Or: <a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_60">Flow content</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
   <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes" id="global-attributes_29">Global attributes</a></dd>
   <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
   <dd>Uses <code><a href="elements.html#htmlelement" id="htmlelement_36">HTMLElement</a></code>.</dd>
  </dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-figure-element" id="figure_2">figure</a></code> element <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/rendering.html#represents" title='Read about this "represents" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>represents</a> some
  <a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_61">flow content</a>, optionally with a caption, that is
  self-contained and is typically referenced as a single unit from the
  main flow of the document.<p>The element can thus be used to annotate illustrations, diagrams,
  photos, code listings, etc, that are referred to from the main
  content of the document, but that could, without affecting the flow
  of the document, be moved away from that primary content, e.g. to
  the side of the page, to dedicated pages, or to an appendix.<p>The  <code><a href="the-figcaption-element.html#the-figcaption-element" id="figcaption_2">figcaption</a></code>
  element child of the element, if any, represents the caption of the
  <code><a href="#the-figure-element" id="figure_3">figure</a></code> element's contents. If there is no child
  <code><a href="the-figcaption-element.html#the-figcaption-element" id="figcaption_3">figcaption</a></code> element, then there is no caption.<div class="example">

   <p>This example shows the <code><a href="#the-figure-element" id="figure_4">figure</a></code> element to mark up a
   code listing.</p>

   <pre>&lt;p&gt;In &lt;a href="#l4"&gt;listing 4&lt;/a&gt; we see the primary core interface
API declaration.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;figure id="l4"&gt;
 &lt;figcaption&gt;Listing 4. The primary core interface API declaration.&lt;/figcaption&gt;
 &lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;interface PrimaryCore {
 boolean verifyDataLine();
 void sendData(in sequence&amp;lt;byte&gt; data);
 void initSelfDestruct();
}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The API is designed to use UTF-8.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>

  </div><div class="example">

   <p>Here we see a <code><a href="#the-figure-element" id="figure_5">figure</a></code> element to mark up a
   photo.</p>

   <pre>&lt;figure&gt;
 &lt;img src="bubbles-work.jpeg"
      alt="Bubbles, sitting in his office chair, works on his
           latest project intently."&gt;
 &lt;figcaption&gt;Bubbles at work&lt;/figcaption&gt;
&lt;/figure&gt;</pre>

  </div><div class="example">

   <p>In this example, we see an image that is <em>not</em>
   a figure, as well as an image and a video that are.</p>

   <pre>&lt;h2&gt;Malinko's comics&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;This case centered on some sort of "intellectual property"
infringement related to a comic (see Exhibit A). The suit started
after a trailer ending with these words:

&lt;blockquote&gt;
 &lt;img src="promblem-packed-action.png" alt="ROUGH COPY! Promblem-Packed Action!"&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;...was aired. A lawyer, armed with a Bigger Notebook, launched a
preemptive strike using snowballs. A complete copy of the trailer is
included with Exhibit B.

&lt;figure&gt;
 &lt;img src="ex-a.png" alt="Two squiggles on a dirty piece of paper."&gt;
 &lt;figcaption&gt;Exhibit A. The alleged &lt;cite&gt;rough copy&lt;/cite&gt; comic.&lt;/figcaption&gt;
&lt;/figure&gt;

&lt;figure&gt;
 &lt;video src="ex-b.mov"&gt;&lt;/video&gt;
 &lt;figcaption&gt;Exhibit B. The &lt;cite&gt;Rough Copy&lt;/cite&gt; trailer.&lt;/figcaption&gt;
&lt;/figure&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The case was resolved out of court.</pre>

  </div><div class="example">

   <p>Here, a part of a poem is marked up using
   <code><a href="#the-figure-element" id="figure_6">figure</a></code>.</p>

   <pre>&lt;figure&gt;
 &lt;p&gt;'Twas brillig, and the slithy toves&lt;br&gt;
 Did gyre and gimble in the wabe;&lt;br&gt;
 All mimsy were the borogoves,&lt;br&gt;
 And the mome raths outgrabe.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;figcaption&gt;&lt;cite&gt;Jabberwocky&lt;/cite&gt; (first verse). Lewis Carroll, 1832-98&lt;/figcaption&gt;
&lt;/figure&gt;</pre>

  </div><div class="example">

   <p>In this example, which could be part of a much larger work
   discussing a castle, the figure has three images in it.</p>

   <pre>&lt;figure&gt;
 &lt;img src="castle1423.jpeg" title="Etching. Anonymous, ca. 1423."
      alt="The castle has one tower, and a tall wall around it."&gt;
 &lt;img src="castle1858.jpeg" title="Oil-based paint on canvas. Maria Towle, 1858."
      alt="The castle now has two towers and two walls."&gt;
 &lt;img src="castle1999.jpeg" title="Film photograph. Peter Jankle, 1999."
      alt="The castle lies in ruins, the original tower all that remains in one piece."&gt;
 &lt;figcaption&gt;The castle through the ages: 1423, 1858, and 1999 respectively.&lt;/figcaption&gt;
&lt;/figure&gt;</pre>

  </div>
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</script><link href="scripting-1.html" rel="prev" title="4.3 Scripting">
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   <h1>HTML5 <span class="edition">Edition for Web Authors</span> <span class="rcsrevision">revision 1.4918</span></h1>
   </div><div>
   <a href="scripting-1.html">&larr; 4.3 Scripting</a> &ndash;
   <a href="Overview.html#contents">Table of contents</a> &ndash;
   <a href="the-noscript-element.html">4.3.2 The noscript element &rarr;</a>
  <ol class="toc"><li><ol><li><ol><li><a href="the-script-element.html#the-script-element" id="x4.3.1-the-script-element"><span class="secno">4.3.1 </span>The <code>script</code> element</a>
      <ol><li><a href="the-script-element.html#scriptingLanguages"><span class="secno">4.3.1.1 </span>Scripting languages</a><li><a href="the-script-element.html#restrictions-for-contents-of-script-elements" id="x4.3.1.2-restrictions-for-contents-of-script-elements"><span class="secno">4.3.1.2 </span>Restrictions for contents of <code>script</code> elements</a><li><a href="the-script-element.html#inline-documentation-for-external-scripts" id="x4.3.1.3-inline-documentation-for-external-scripts"><span class="secno">4.3.1.3 </span>Inline documentation for external scripts</a></ol></ol></ol></ol></div>

  <h4 id="the-script-element"><span class="secno">4.3.1 </span>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>script</code></dfn> element</h4><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#metadata-content" id="metadata-content_12">Metadata content</a>.</dd>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_11">Flow content</a>.</dd>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_18">Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Contexts in which this element can be used:</dt>
   <dd>Where <a href="content-models.html#metadata-content" id="metadata-content_13">metadata content</a> is expected.</dd>
   <dd>Where <a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_19">phrasing content</a> is expected.</dd>
   <dt>Content model:</dt>
   <dd>If there is no <code title="attr-script-src"><a href="#attr-script-src" id="src_1">src</a></code>
   attribute, depends on the value of the <code title="attr-script-type"><a href="#attr-script-type" id="type_6">type</a></code> attribute, but must match
   <a href="#restrictions-for-contents-of-script-elements" id="script-content-restrictions">script content restrictions</a>.</dd>
   <dd>If there <em>is</em> a <code title="attr-script-src"><a href="#attr-script-src" id="src_2">src</a></code>
   attribute, the element must be either empty or contain only
   <a href="#inline-documentation-for-external-scripts" id="script-documentation">script documentation</a> that also matches <a href="#restrictions-for-contents-of-script-elements" id="script-content-restrictions_0">script
   content restrictions</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
   <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes" id="global-attributes_7">Global attributes</a></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-script-src"><a href="#attr-script-src" id="src_3">src</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-script-async"><a href="#attr-script-async" id="async">async</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-script-defer"><a href="#attr-script-defer" id="defer">defer</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-script-type"><a href="#attr-script-type" id="type_7">type</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-script-charset"><a href="#attr-script-charset" id="charset_10">charset</a></code></dd>
   <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
   <dd>
<pre class="idl">interface <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="htmlscriptelement" role="button" tabindex="0">HTMLScriptElement</dfn> : <a href="elements.html#htmlelement" id="htmlelement_14">HTMLElement</a> {
           attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/scripting-1.html#dom-script-src" title='Read about this "src" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>src</a>;
           attribute boolean <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/scripting-1.html#dom-script-async" title='Read about this "async" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>async</a>;
           attribute boolean <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/scripting-1.html#dom-script-defer" title='Read about this "defer" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>defer</a>;
           attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/scripting-1.html#dom-script-type" title='Read about this "type" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>type</a>;
           attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/scripting-1.html#dom-script-charset" title='Read about this "charset" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>charset</a>;
           attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/scripting-1.html#dom-script-text" title='Read about this "text" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>text</a>;
};</pre>
   </dd>
  </dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-script-element" id="script_14">script</a></code> element allows authors to include dynamic
  script and data blocks in their documents. The element does not
  <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/rendering.html#represents" title='Read about this "represent" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>represent</a> content for the user.<p>When used to include dynamic scripts, the scripts may either be
  embedded inline or may be imported from an external file using the
  <code title="attr-script-src"><a href="#attr-script-src" id="src_4">src</a></code> attribute. If the language
  is not that described by "<code title="">text/javascript</code>",
  then the <code title="attr-script-type"><a href="#attr-script-type" id="type_8">type</a></code> attribute must
  be present, as described below. Whatever language is used, the
  contents of the <code><a href="#the-script-element" id="script_15">script</a></code> element must conform with the
  requirements of that language's specification.<p>When used to include data blocks (as opposed to scripts), the
  data must be embedded inline, the format of the data must be given
  using the <code title="attr-script-type"><a href="#attr-script-type" id="type_9">type</a></code> attribute, the
  <code title="attr-script-src"><a href="#attr-script-src" id="src_5">src</a></code> attribute must not be
  specified, and the contents of the <code><a href="#the-script-element" id="script_16">script</a></code> element must
  conform to the requirements defined for the format used.<p>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-script-type" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>type</code></dfn>
  attribute gives the language of the script or format of the data. If
  the attribute is present, its value must be a <a href="infrastructure.html#valid-mime-type" id="valid-mime-type_3">valid MIME
  type</a>. The <code title="">charset</code> parameter must not be
  specified. The default, which is used if the attribute is absent,
  is "<code title="">text/javascript</code>".<p>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-script-src" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>src</code></dfn>
  attribute, if specified, gives the address of the external script
  resource to use. The value of the attribute must be a <a href="urls.html#valid-non-empty-url-potentially-surrounded-by-spaces" id="valid-non-empty-url-potentially-surrounded-by-spaces_2">valid
  non-empty URL potentially surrounded by spaces</a> identifying a
  script resource of the type given by the <code title="attr-script-type"><a href="#attr-script-type" id="type_10">type</a></code> attribute, if the attribute is
  present, or of the type "<code title="">text/javascript</code>", if
  the attribute is absent. A resource is a script resource of a given
  type if that type identifies a scripting language and the resource
  conforms with the requirements of that language's specification.<p>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-script-charset" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>charset</code></dfn>
  attribute gives the character encoding of the external script
  resource. The attribute must not be specified if the <code title="attr-script-src"><a href="#attr-script-src" id="src_6">src</a></code> attribute is not present. If the
  attribute is set, its value must be a valid character encoding name,
  must be an <a href="infrastructure.html#ascii-case-insensitive" id="ascii-case-insensitive_10">ASCII case-insensitive</a> match for the
  <a href="infrastructure.html#preferred-mime-name" id="preferred-mime-name_1">preferred MIME name</a> for that encoding, and must match
  the encoding given in the <code title="">charset</code> parameter of
  the <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/fetching-resources.html#content-type" title='Read about this "Content-Type metadata" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>Content-Type metadata</a> of the
  external file, if any. <a href="references.html#refsIANACHARSET">[IANACHARSET]</a><p>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-script-async" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>async</code></dfn> and
  <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-script-defer" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>defer</code></dfn> attributes
  are <a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#boolean-attribute" id="boolean-attribute_1" title="boolean attribute">boolean attributes</a> that
  indicate how the script should be executed. The <code title="attr-script-defer"><a href="#attr-script-defer" id="defer_0">defer</a></code> and <code title="attr-script-async"><a href="#attr-script-async" id="async_0">async</a></code> attributes must not be
  specified if the <code title="attr-script-src"><a href="#attr-script-src" id="src_7">src</a></code> attribute
  is not present.<p>There are three possible modes that can be selected using these
  attributes. If the <code title="attr-script-async"><a href="#attr-script-async" id="async_1">async</a></code>
  attribute is present, then the script will be executed
  asynchronously, as soon as it is available. If the <code title="attr-script-async"><a href="#attr-script-async" id="async_2">async</a></code> attribute is not present but
  the <code title="attr-script-defer"><a href="#attr-script-defer" id="defer_1">defer</a></code> attribute is
  present, then the script is executed when the page has finished
  parsing. If neither attribute is present, then the script is
  fetched and executed immediately, before the user agent continues
  parsing the page.<p class="note">The exact processing details for these attributes
  are, for mostly historical reasons, somewhat non-trivial, involving
  a number of aspects of HTML. The implementation requirements are
  therefore by necessity scattered throughout the specification. The
  algorithms below (in this section) describe the core of this
  processing, but these algorithms reference and are referenced by the
  parsing rules for <code><a href="#the-script-element" id="script_17">script</a></code> <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/tree-construction.html#scriptTag" title='Read about this "start" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>start</a>
  and <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/tree-construction.html#scriptEndTag" title='Read about this "end" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>end</a> tags in HTML, <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/tree-construction.html#scriptForeignEndTag" title='Read about this "in foreign content" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>in foreign content</a>, and <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-xhtml-syntax.html#scriptTagXML" title='Read about this "in XML" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>in XML</a>, the rules for the <code title="dom-document-write"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/apis-in-html-documents.html#dom-document-write" title='Read about this "document.write()" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>document.write()</a></code> method, the
  handling of <a href="webappapis.html#scripting">scripting</a>, etc.<p>The <code title="attr-script-defer"><a href="#attr-script-defer" id="defer_2">defer</a></code> attribute may be
  specified even if the <code title="attr-script-async"><a href="#attr-script-async" id="async_3">async</a></code>
  attribute is specified, to cause legacy Web browsers that only
  support <code title="attr-script-defer"><a href="#attr-script-defer" id="defer_3">defer</a></code> (and not <code title="attr-script-async"><a href="#attr-script-async" id="async_4">async</a></code>) to fall back to the <code title="attr-script-defer"><a href="#attr-script-defer" id="defer_4">defer</a></code> behavior instead of the
  synchronous blocking behavior that is the default.<p>Changing the <code title="attr-script-src"><a href="#attr-script-src" id="src_8">src</a></code>, <code title="attr-script-type"><a href="#attr-script-type" id="type_11">type</a></code>, <code title="attr-script-charset"><a href="#attr-script-charset" id="charset_11">charset</a></code>, <code title="attr-script-async"><a href="#attr-script-async" id="async_5">async</a></code>, and <code title="attr-script-defer"><a href="#attr-script-defer" id="defer_5">defer</a></code> attributes dynamically has no
  direct effect; these attribute are only used at specific times
  described below.<dl class="domintro"><dt><var title="">script</var> . <code title="dom-script-text"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/scripting-1.html#dom-script-text" title='Read about this "text" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>text</a></code> [ = <var title="">value</var> ]</dt>

   <dd>

    <p>Returns the contents of the element, ignoring child nodes that
    aren't <a href="infrastructure.html#text-node" id="text-node_11" title="text node">text nodes</a>.</p>

    <p>Can be set, to replace the element's children with the given
    value.</p>

   </dd>

  </dl><p class="note">When inserted using the <code title="dom-document-write"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/apis-in-html-documents.html#dom-document-write" title='Read about this "document.write()" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>document.write()</a></code> method,
  <code><a href="#the-script-element" id="script_18">script</a></code> elements execute (typically synchronously), but
  when inserted using <code title="dom-innerHTML"><a href="apis-in-html-documents.html#dom-innerhtml" id="innerhtml_3">innerHTML</a></code> and <code title="dom-outerHTML"><a href="apis-in-html-documents.html#dom-outerhtml" id="outerhtml_2">outerHTML</a></code> attributes, they do not
  execute at all.<div class="example">

   <p>In this example, two <code><a href="#the-script-element" id="script_19">script</a></code> elements are used. One
   embeds an external script, and the other includes some data.</p>

   <pre>&lt;script src="game-engine.js"&gt;&lt;/script&gt;
&lt;script type="text/x-game-map"&gt;
........U.........e
o............A....e
.....A.....AAA....e
.A..AAA...AAAAA...e
&lt;/script&gt;</pre>

   <p>The data in this case might be used by the script to generate
   the map of a video game. The data doesn't have to be used that way,
   though; maybe the map data is actually embedded in other parts of
   the page's markup, and the data block here is just used by the
   site's search engine to help users who are looking for particular
   features in their game maps.</p>

  </div><div class="example">

   <p>The following sample shows how a script element can be used to
   define a function that is then used by other parts of the
   document. It also shows how a <code><a href="#the-script-element" id="script_20">script</a></code> element can be
   used to invoke script while the document is being parsed, in this
   case to initialize the form's output.</p>

   <pre>&lt;script&gt;
 function calculate(form) {
   var price = 52000;
   if (form.elements.brakes.checked)
     price += 1000;
   if (form.elements.radio.checked)
     price += 2500;
   if (form.elements.turbo.checked)
     price += 5000;
   if (form.elements.sticker.checked)
     price += 250;
   form.elements.result.value = price;
 }
&lt;/script&gt;
&lt;form name="pricecalc" onsubmit="return false" onchange="calculate(this)"&gt;
 &lt;fieldset&gt;
  &lt;legend&gt;Work out the price of your car&lt;/legend&gt;
  &lt;p&gt;Base cost: &pound;52000.&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;p&gt;Select additional options:&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;ul&gt;
   &lt;li&gt;&lt;label&gt;&lt;input type=checkbox name=brakes&gt; Ceramic brakes (&pound;1000)&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
   &lt;li&gt;&lt;label&gt;&lt;input type=checkbox name=radio&gt; Satellite radio (&pound;2500)&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
   &lt;li&gt;&lt;label&gt;&lt;input type=checkbox name=turbo&gt; Turbo charger (&pound;5000)&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
   &lt;li&gt;&lt;label&gt;&lt;input type=checkbox name=sticker&gt; "XZ" sticker (&pound;250)&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
  &lt;p&gt;Total: &pound;&lt;output name=result&gt;&lt;/output&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/fieldset&gt;
 &lt;script&gt;
  calculate(document.forms.pricecalc);
 &lt;/script&gt;
&lt;/form&gt;</pre>

  </div><h5 id="scriptingLanguages"><span class="secno">4.3.1.1 </span>Scripting languages</h5><p>The following lists some <a href="infrastructure.html#mime-type" id="mime-type_4">MIME type</a> strings and the
  languages to which they refer:<dl><dt>"<code>application/ecmascript</code>"</dt>
   <dt>"<code>application/javascript</code>"</dt>
   <dt>"<code>application/x-ecmascript</code>"</dt>
   <dt>"<code>application/x-javascript</code>"</dt>
   <dt>"<code>text/ecmascript</code>"</dt>
   <dt>"<code>text/javascript</code>"</dt>
   <dt>"<code>text/javascript1.0</code>"</dt>
   <dt>"<code>text/javascript1.1</code>"</dt>
   <dt>"<code>text/javascript1.2</code>"</dt>
   <dt>"<code>text/javascript1.3</code>"</dt>
   <dt>"<code>text/javascript1.4</code>"</dt>
   <dt>"<code>text/javascript1.5</code>"</dt>
   <dt>"<code>text/jscript</code>"</dt>
   <dt>"<code>text/livescript</code>"</dt>
   <dt>"<code>text/x-ecmascript</code>"</dt>
   <dt>"<code>text/x-javascript</code>"</dt>
   <dd>JavaScript. <a href="references.html#refsECMA262">[ECMA262]</a></dd>

   <dt>"<code>text/javascript;e4x=1</code>"</dt>
   <dd>JavaScript with ECMAScript for XML. <a href="references.html#refsECMA357">[ECMA357]</a></dd>

  </dl><h5 id="restrictions-for-contents-of-script-elements"><span class="secno">4.3.1.2 </span><dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0">Restrictions for contents of <code>script</code> elements</dfn></h5><p>The <code><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/infrastructure.html#textcontent" title='Read about this "textContent" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>textContent</a></code> of a <code><a href="#the-script-element" id="script_21">script</a></code> element
  must match the <code title="">script</code> production in the
  following ABNF, the character set for which is Unicode. <a href="references.html#refsABNF">[ABNF]</a><pre>script        = data1 *( escape [ script-start data3 ] "--&gt;" data1 ) [ escape ]
escape        = "&lt;!--" data2 *( script-start data3 script-end data2 )

data1         = &lt;any string that doesn't contain a substring that matches not-data1&gt;
not-data1     = "&lt;!--"             

data2         = &lt;any string that doesn't contain a substring that matches not-data2&gt;
not-data2     = script-start / "--&gt;"  

data3         = &lt;any string that doesn't contain a substring that matches not-data3&gt;
not-data3     = script-end / "--&gt;"

script-start  = lt       s c r i p t tag-end
script-end    = lt slash s c r i p t tag-end

lt            =  %x003C ; U+003C LESS-THAN SIGN character (&lt;)
slash         =  %x002F ; U+002F SOLIDUS character (/)

s             =  %x0053 ; U+0053 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S
s             =/ %x0073 ; U+0073 LATIN SMALL LETTER S
c             =  %x0043 ; U+0043 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C
c             =/ %x0063 ; U+0063 LATIN SMALL LETTER C
r             =  %x0052 ; U+0052 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R
r             =/ %x0072 ; U+0072 LATIN SMALL LETTER R
i             =  %x0049 ; U+0049 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I
i             =/ %x0069 ; U+0069 LATIN SMALL LETTER I
p             =  %x0050 ; U+0050 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER P
p             =/ %x0070 ; U+0070 LATIN SMALL LETTER P
t             =  %x0054 ; U+0054 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T
t             =/ %x0074 ; U+0074 LATIN SMALL LETTER T

tag-end       =  %x0009 ; U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION
tag-end       =/ %x000A ; U+000A LINE FEED (LF)
tag-end       =/ %x000C ; U+000C FORM FEED (FF)
tag-end       =/ %x0020 ; U+0020 SPACE
tag-end       =/ %x002F ; U+002F SOLIDUS (/)
tag-end       =/ %x003E ; U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (&gt;)</pre><p>When a <code><a href="#the-script-element" id="script_22">script</a></code> element contains <a href="#inline-documentation-for-external-scripts" id="script-documentation_0">script
  documentation</a>, there are further restrictions on the contents
  of the element, as described in the section below.<h5 id="inline-documentation-for-external-scripts"><span class="secno">4.3.1.3 </span><dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0">Inline documentation for external scripts</dfn></h5><p>If a <code><a href="#the-script-element" id="script_23">script</a></code> element's <code title="attr-script-src"><a href="#attr-script-src" id="src_9">src</a></code> attribute is specified, then the
  contents of the <code><a href="#the-script-element" id="script_24">script</a></code> element, if any, must be such
  that the value of the <code title="dom-script-text"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/scripting-1.html#dom-script-text" title='Read about this "text" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>text</a></code> IDL
  attribute, which is derived from the element's contents, matches the
  <code title="">documentation</code> production in the following
  ABNF, the character set for which is Unicode. <a href="references.html#refsABNF">[ABNF]</a><pre>documentation = *( *( space / tab / comment ) [ line-comment ] newline )
comment       = slash star *( not-star / star not-slash ) 1*star slash
line-comment  = slash slash *not-newline

; characters
tab           = %x0009 ; U+0009 TAB
newline       = %x000A ; U+000A LINE FEED (LF)
space         = %x0020 ; U+0020 SPACE
star          = %x002A ; U+002A ASTERISK (*)
slash         = %x002F ; U+002F SOLIDUS (/)
not-newline   = %x0000-0009 / %x000B-10FFFF
                ; a Unicode character other than U+000A LINE FEED (LF)
not-star      = %x0000-0029 / %x002B-10FFFF
                ; a Unicode character other than U+002A ASTERISK (*)
not-slash     = %x0000-002E / %x0030-10FFFF
                ; a Unicode character other than U+002F SOLIDUS (/)</pre><p class="note">This corresponds to putting the contents of the
  element in JavaScript comments.<p class="note">This requirement is in addition to the earlier
  restrictions on the syntax of contents of <code><a href="#the-script-element" id="script_25">script</a></code>
  elements.<div class="example">

   <p>This allows authors to include documentation, such as license
   information or API information, inside their documents while still
   referring to external script files. The syntax is constrained so
   that authors don't accidentally include what looks like valid
   script while also providing a <code title="attr-script-src"><a href="#attr-script-src" id="src_10">src</a></code> attribute.</p>

   <pre>&lt;script src="cool-effects.js"&gt;
 // create new instances using:
 //    var e = new Effect();
 // start the effect using .play, stop using .stop:
 //    e.play();
 //    e.stop();
&lt;/script&gt;</pre>

  </div>
--- NEW FILE: the-p-element.html ---
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</script><link href="grouping-content.html" rel="prev" title="4.5 Grouping content">
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  <body class="split chapter" onload="fixBrokenLink(); init()"><div class="head" id="head">
   <p><a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img alt="W3C" height="48" src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" width="72"></a></p>

   <h1>HTML5 <span class="edition">Edition for Web Authors</span> <span class="rcsrevision">revision 1.4918</span></h1>
   </div><div>
   <a href="grouping-content.html">&larr; 4.5 Grouping content</a> &ndash;
   <a href="Overview.html#contents">Table of contents</a> &ndash;
   <a href="the-hr-element.html">4.5.2 The hr element &rarr;</a>
  </div>

  <h4 id="the-p-element"><span class="secno">4.5.1 </span>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>p</code></dfn> element</h4><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_39">Flow content</a>.</dd>
   <dd><a href="dnd.html#formatblock-candidate" id="formatblock-candidate_9"><code title="">formatBlock</code> candidate</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Contexts in which this element can be used:</dt>
   <dd>Where <a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_40">flow content</a> is expected.</dd>
   <dt>Content model:</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_23">Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
   <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes" id="global-attributes_19">Global attributes</a></dd>
   <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
   <dd>
    <pre class="idl">interface <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="htmlparagraphelement" role="button" tabindex="0">HTMLParagraphElement</dfn> : <a href="elements.html#htmlelement" id="htmlelement_26">HTMLElement</a> {};</pre>
   </dd>
  </dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-p-element" id="p_14">p</a></code> element <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/rendering.html#represents" title='Read about this "represents" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>represents</a> a
  <a href="content-models.html#paragraph" id="paragraph_5">paragraph</a>.<p class="note">While paragraphs are usually represented in visual
  media by blocks of text that are physically separated from adjacent
  blocks through blank lines, a style sheet or user agent would be
  equally justified in presenting paragraph breaks in a different
  manner, for instance using inline pilcrows (&para;).<div class="example">
   <p>The following examples are conforming HTML fragments:</p>
   <pre>&lt;p&gt;The little kitten gently seated himself on a piece of
carpet. Later in his life, this would be referred to as the time the
cat sat on the mat.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
   <pre>&lt;fieldset&gt;
 &lt;legend&gt;Personal information&lt;/legend&gt;
 &lt;p&gt;
   &lt;label&gt;Name: &lt;input name="n"&gt;&lt;/label&gt;
   &lt;label&gt;&lt;input name="anon" type="checkbox"&gt; Hide from other users&lt;/label&gt;
 &lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;Address: &lt;textarea name="a"&gt;&lt;/textarea&gt;&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/fieldset&gt;</pre>
   <pre>&lt;p&gt;There was once an example from Femley,&lt;br&gt;
Whose markup was of dubious quality.&lt;br&gt;
The validator complained,&lt;br&gt;
So the author was pained,&lt;br&gt;
To move the error from the markup to the rhyming.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
  </div><p>The <code><a href="#the-p-element" id="p_15">p</a></code> element should not be used when a more
  specific element is more appropriate.<div class="example">

   <p>The following example is technically correct:</p>

<pre>&lt;section&gt;
 &lt;!-- ... --&gt;
 &lt;p&gt;Last modified: 2001-04-23&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p&gt;Author: fred@example.com&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/section&gt;</pre>

   <p>However, it would be better marked-up as:</p>

<pre>&lt;section&gt;
 &lt;!-- ... --&gt;
 &lt;footer&gt;Last modified: 2001-04-23&lt;/footer&gt;
 &lt;address&gt;Author: fred@example.com&lt;/address&gt;
&lt;/section&gt;</pre>

   <p>Or:</p>

<pre>&lt;section&gt;
 &lt;!-- ... --&gt;
 &lt;footer&gt;
  &lt;p&gt;Last modified: 2001-04-23&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;address&gt;Author: fred@example.com&lt;/address&gt;
 &lt;/footer&gt;
&lt;/section&gt;</pre>

  </div>
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   <h1>HTML5 <span class="edition">Edition for Web Authors</span> <span class="rcsrevision">revision 1.4918</span></h1>
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  <h4 id="the-figcaption-element"><span class="secno">4.5.12 </span>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>figcaption</code></dfn> element</h4><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
   <dd>None.</dd>
   <dt>Contexts in which this element can be used:</dt>
   <dd>As the first or last child of a <code><a href="the-figure-element.html#the-figure-element" id="figure_7">figure</a></code> element.</dd>
   <dt>Content model:</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_62">Flow content</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
   <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes" id="global-attributes_30">Global attributes</a></dd>
   <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
   <dd>Uses <code><a href="elements.html#htmlelement" id="htmlelement_37">HTMLElement</a></code>.</dd>
  </dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-figcaption-element" id="figcaption_4">figcaption</a></code> element <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/rendering.html#represents" title='Read about this "represents" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>represents</a> a
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   <h1>HTML5 <span class="edition">Edition for Web Authors</span> <span class="rcsrevision">revision 1.4918</span></h1>
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   <a href="the-small-element.html">&larr; 4.6.4 The small element</a> &ndash;
   <a href="Overview.html#contents">Table of contents</a> &ndash;
   <a href="the-cite-element.html">4.6.6 The cite element &rarr;</a>
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  <h4 id="the-s-element"><span class="secno">4.6.5 </span>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>s</code></dfn> element</h4><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_71">Flow content</a>.</dd>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_39">Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Contexts in which this element can be used:</dt>
   <dd>Where <a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_40">phrasing content</a> is expected.</dd>
   <dt>Content model:</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_41">Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
   <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes" id="global-attributes_36">Global attributes</a></dd>
   <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
   <dd>Uses <code><a href="elements.html#htmlelement" id="htmlelement_43">HTMLElement</a></code>.</dd>
  </dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-s-element" id="s_2">s</a></code> element <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/rendering.html#represents" title='Read about this "represents" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>represents</a> contents that
  are no longer accurate or no longer relevant.<p class="note">The <code><a href="#the-s-element" id="s_3">s</a></code> element is not appropriate when
  indicating document edits; to mark a span of text as having been
  removed from a document, use the <code><a href="the-del-element.html#the-del-element" id="del_11">del</a></code> element.<div class="example">

   <p>In this example a recommended retail price has been marked as no
   longer relevant as the product in question has a new sale
   price.</p>

   <pre>&lt;p&gt;Buy our Iced Tea and Lemonade!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;s&gt;Recommended retail price: $3.99 per bottle&lt;/s&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Now selling for just $2.99 a bottle!&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</pre>

  </div>
--- NEW FILE: the-section-element.html ---
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</script><link href="the-body-element.html" rel="prev" title="4.4.1 The body element">
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  <body class="split chapter" onload="fixBrokenLink(); init()"><div class="head" id="head">
   <p><a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img alt="W3C" height="48" src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" width="72"></a></p>

   <h1>HTML5 <span class="edition">Edition for Web Authors</span> <span class="rcsrevision">revision 1.4918</span></h1>
   </div><div>
   <a href="the-body-element.html">&larr; 4.4.1 The body element</a> &ndash;
   <a href="Overview.html#contents">Table of contents</a> &ndash;
   <a href="the-nav-element.html">4.4.3 The nav element &rarr;</a>
  </div>

  <h4 id="the-section-element"><span class="secno">4.4.2 </span>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>section</code></dfn> element</h4><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_14">Flow content</a>.</dd>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#sectioning-content" id="sectioning-content_4">Sectioning content</a>.</dd>
   <dd><a href="dnd.html#formatblock-candidate" id="formatblock-candidate_0"><code title="">formatBlock</code> candidate</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Contexts in which this element can be used:</dt>
   <dd>Where <a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_15">flow content</a> is expected.</dd>
   <dt>Content model:</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_16">Flow content</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
   <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes" id="global-attributes_10">Global attributes</a></dd>
   <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
   <dd>Uses <code><a href="elements.html#htmlelement" id="htmlelement_17">HTMLElement</a></code>.</dd>
  </dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-section-element" id="section_3">section</a></code> element <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/rendering.html#represents" title='Read about this "represents" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>represents</a> a
  generic section of a document or application. A section, in this
  context, is a thematic grouping of content, typically with a
  heading.<p class="example">Examples of sections would be chapters, the
  various tabbed pages in a tabbed dialog box, or the numbered
  sections of a thesis. A Web site's home page could be split into
  sections for an introduction, news items, and contact
  information.<p class="note">Authors are encouraged to use the
  <code><a href="the-article-element.html#the-article-element" id="article_2">article</a></code> element instead of the <code><a href="#the-section-element" id="section_4">section</a></code>
  element when it would make sense to syndicate the contents of the
  element.<p class="note" id="use-div-for-wrappers">The <code><a href="#the-section-element" id="section_5">section</a></code>
  element is not a generic container element. When an element is
  needed for styling purposes or as a convenience for scripting,
  authors are encouraged to use the <code><a href="the-div-element.html#the-div-element" id="div_6">div</a></code> element
  instead. A general rule is that the <code><a href="#the-section-element" id="section_6">section</a></code> element is
  appropriate only if the element's contents would be listed
  explicitly in the document's <a href="the-address-element.html#outline" id="outline_2">outline</a>.<div class="example">

   <p>In the following example, we see an article (part of a larger
   Web page) about apples, containing two short sections.</p>

   <pre>&lt;article&gt;
 &lt;hgroup&gt;
  &lt;h1&gt;Apples&lt;/h1&gt;
  &lt;h2&gt;Tasty, delicious fruit!&lt;/h2&gt;
 &lt;/hgroup&gt;
 &lt;p&gt;The apple is the pomaceous fruit of the apple tree.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;section&gt;
  &lt;h1&gt;Red Delicious&lt;/h1&gt;
  &lt;p&gt;These bright red apples are the most common found in many
  supermarkets.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/section&gt;
 &lt;section&gt;
  &lt;h1&gt;Granny Smith&lt;/h1&gt;
  &lt;p&gt;These juicy, green apples make a great filling for
  apple pies.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/section&gt;
&lt;/article&gt;</pre>

   <p>Notice how the use of <code><a href="#the-section-element" id="section_7">section</a></code> means that the author
   can use <code><a href="the-h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-and-h6-elements.html#the-h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-and-h6-elements" id="h1_5">h1</a></code> elements throughout, without having to
   worry about whether a particular section is at the top level, the
   second level, the third level, and so on.</p>

  </div><div class="example">

   <p>Here is a graduation programme with two sections, one for the
   list of people graduating, and one for the description of the
   ceremony.</p>

   <pre>&lt;!DOCTYPE Html&gt;
&lt;Html
 &gt;&lt;Head
   &gt;&lt;Title
     &gt;Graduation Ceremony Summer 2022&lt;/Title
   &gt;&lt;/Head
 &gt;&lt;Body
   &gt;&lt;H1
     &gt;Graduation&lt;/H1
   &gt;&lt;Section
     &gt;&lt;H1
       &gt;Ceremony&lt;/H1
     &gt;&lt;P
       &gt;Opening Procession&lt;/P
     &gt;&lt;P
       &gt;Speech by Validactorian&lt;/P
     &gt;&lt;P
       &gt;Speech by Class President&lt;/P
     &gt;&lt;P
       &gt;Presentation of Diplomas&lt;/P
     &gt;&lt;P
       &gt;Closing Speech by Headmaster&lt;/P
   &gt;&lt;/Section
   &gt;&lt;Section
     &gt;&lt;H1
       &gt;Graduates&lt;/H1
     &gt;&lt;Ul
       &gt;&lt;Li
         &gt;Molly Carpenter&lt;/Li
       &gt;&lt;Li
         &gt;Anastasia Luccio&lt;/Li
       &gt;&lt;Li
         &gt;Ebenezar McCoy&lt;/Li
       &gt;&lt;Li
         &gt;Karrin Murphy&lt;/Li
       &gt;&lt;Li
         &gt;Thomas Raith&lt;/Li
       &gt;&lt;Li
         &gt;Susan Rodriguez&lt;/Li
     &gt;&lt;/Ul
   &gt;&lt;/Section
 &gt;&lt;/Body
&gt;&lt;/Html&gt;</pre>

  </div>
--- NEW FILE: the-article-element.html ---
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   h4 { position: relative; z-index: 3; }
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   <h1>HTML5 <span class="edition">Edition for Web Authors</span> <span class="rcsrevision">revision 1.4918</span></h1>
   </div><div>
   <a href="the-nav-element.html">&larr; 4.4.3 The nav element</a> &ndash;
   <a href="Overview.html#contents">Table of contents</a> &ndash;
   <a href="the-aside-element.html">4.4.5 The aside element &rarr;</a>
  </div>

  <h4 id="the-article-element"><span class="secno">4.4.4 </span>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>article</code></dfn> element</h4><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_20">Flow content</a>.</dd>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#sectioning-content" id="sectioning-content_6">Sectioning content</a>.</dd>
   <dd><a href="dnd.html#formatblock-candidate" id="formatblock-candidate_2"><code title="">formatBlock</code> candidate</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Contexts in which this element can be used:</dt>
   <dd>Where <a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_21">flow content</a> is expected.</dd>
   <dt>Content model:</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_22">Flow content</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
   <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes" id="global-attributes_12">Global attributes</a></dd>
   <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
   <dd>Uses <code><a href="elements.html#htmlelement" id="htmlelement_19">HTMLElement</a></code>.</dd>
  </dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-article-element" id="article_3">article</a></code> element <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/rendering.html#represents" title='Read about this "represents" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>represents</a> a
  self-contained composition in a document, page, application, or site
  and that is, in principle, independently distributable or reusable,
  e.g. in syndication. This could be a forum post, a magazine or
  newspaper article, a blog entry, a user-submitted comment, an
  interactive widget or gadget, or any other independent item of
  content.<p>When <code><a href="#the-article-element" id="article_4">article</a></code> elements are nested, the inner
  <code><a href="#the-article-element" id="article_5">article</a></code> elements represent articles that are in
  principle related to the contents of the outer article. For
  instance, a blog entry on a site that accepts user-submitted
  comments could represent the comments as <code><a href="#the-article-element" id="article_6">article</a></code>
  elements nested within the <code><a href="#the-article-element" id="article_7">article</a></code> element for the blog
  entry.<p>Author information associated with an <code><a href="#the-article-element" id="article_8">article</a></code>
  element (q.v. the <code><a href="the-address-element.html#the-address-element" id="address_1">address</a></code> element) does not apply to
  nested <code><a href="#the-article-element" id="article_9">article</a></code> elements.<p class="note">When used specifically with content to be
  redistributed in syndication, the <code><a href="#the-article-element" id="article_10">article</a></code> element is
  similar in purpose to the <code title="">entry</code> element in
  Atom. <a href="references.html#refsATOM">[ATOM]</a>

  <p class="note">The <code><a href="the-time-element.html#the-time-element" id="time_3">time</a></code> element's <code title="attr-time-pubdate"><a href="the-time-element.html#attr-time-pubdate" id="pubdate">pubdate</a></code> attribute can be used to
  provide the publication date for an <code><a href="#the-article-element" id="article_11">article</a></code>
  element.<div class="example" id="article-example">

   <p>This example shows a blog post using the <code><a href="#the-article-element" id="article_12">article</a></code>
   element:</p>

   <pre>&lt;article&gt;
 &lt;header&gt;
  &lt;h1&gt;The Very First Rule of Life&lt;/h1&gt;
  &lt;p&gt;&lt;time pubdate datetime="2009-10-09T14:28-08:00"&gt;&lt;/time&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/header&gt;
 &lt;p&gt;If there's a microphone anywhere near you, assume it's hot and
 sending whatever you're saying to the world. Seriously.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p&gt;<em>...</em>&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;footer&gt;
  &lt;a href="?comments=1"&gt;Show comments...&lt;/a&gt;
 &lt;/footer&gt;
&lt;/article&gt;</pre>

   <p>Here is that same blog post, but showing some of the comments:</p>

   <pre>&lt;article&gt;
 &lt;header&gt;
  &lt;h1&gt;The Very First Rule of Life&lt;/h1&gt;
  &lt;p&gt;&lt;time pubdate datetime="2009-10-09T14:28-08:00"&gt;&lt;/time&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/header&gt;
 &lt;p&gt;If there's a microphone anywhere near you, assume it's hot and
 sending whatever you're saying to the world. Seriously.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p&gt;<em>...</em>&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;section&gt;
  &lt;h1&gt;Comments&lt;/h1&gt;
  &lt;article&gt;
   &lt;footer&gt;
    &lt;p&gt;Posted by: George Washington&lt;/p&gt;
    &lt;p&gt;&lt;time pubdate datetime="2009-10-10T19:10-08:00"&gt;&lt;/time&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
   &lt;/footer&gt;
   &lt;p&gt;Yeah! Especially when talking about your lobbyist friends!&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;/article&gt;
  &lt;article&gt;
   &lt;footer&gt;
    &lt;p&gt;Posted by: George Hammond&lt;/p&gt;
    &lt;p&gt;&lt;time pubdate datetime="2009-10-10T19:15-08:00"&gt;&lt;/time&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
   &lt;/footer&gt;
   &lt;p&gt;Hey, you have the same first name as me.&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;/article&gt;
 &lt;/section&gt;
&lt;/article&gt;</pre>

   <p>Notice the use of <code><a href="the-footer-element.html#the-footer-element" id="footer_3">footer</a></code> to give the information
   for each comment (such as who wrote it and when): the
   <code><a href="the-footer-element.html#the-footer-element" id="footer_4">footer</a></code> element <em>can</em> appear at the start of its
   section when appropriate, such as in this case. (Using
   <code><a href="the-header-element.html#the-header-element" id="header_1">header</a></code> in this case wouldn't be wrong either; it's
   mostly a matter of authoring preference.)</p>

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</script><link href="the-pre-element.html" rel="prev" title="4.5.3 The pre element">
  <link href="Overview.html#contents" rel="index" title="Table of contents">
  <link href="the-ol-element.html" rel="next" title="4.5.5 The ol element">
  <body class="split chapter" onload="fixBrokenLink(); init()"><div class="head" id="head">
   <p><a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img alt="W3C" height="48" src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" width="72"></a></p>

   <h1>HTML5 <span class="edition">Edition for Web Authors</span> <span class="rcsrevision">revision 1.4918</span></h1>
   </div><div>
   <a href="the-pre-element.html">&larr; 4.5.3 The pre element</a> &ndash;
   <a href="Overview.html#contents">Table of contents</a> &ndash;
   <a href="the-ol-element.html">4.5.5 The ol element &rarr;</a>
  </div>

  <h4 id="the-blockquote-element"><span class="secno">4.5.4 </span>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>blockquote</code></dfn> element</h4><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_45">Flow content</a>.</dd>
   <dd><a href="the-address-element.html#sectioning-root" id="sectioning-root_6">Sectioning root</a>.</dd>
   <dd><a href="dnd.html#formatblock-candidate" id="formatblock-candidate_11"><code title="">formatBlock</code> candidate</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Contexts in which this element can be used:</dt>
   <dd>Where <a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_46">flow content</a> is expected.</dd>
   <dt>Content model:</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_47">Flow content</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
   <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes" id="global-attributes_22">Global attributes</a></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-blockquote-cite"><a href="#attr-blockquote-cite" id="cite">cite</a></code></dd>
   <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
   <dd>
<pre class="idl">interface <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="htmlquoteelement" role="button" tabindex="0">HTMLQuoteElement</dfn> : <a href="elements.html#htmlelement" id="htmlelement_29">HTMLElement</a> {
           attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/grouping-content.html#dom-quote-cite" title='Read about this "cite" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>cite</a>;
};</pre>
    <p class="note">The <code><a href="#htmlquoteelement" id="htmlquoteelement_0">HTMLQuoteElement</a></code> interface is
    also used by the <code><a href="the-q-element.html#the-q-element" id="q_2">q</a></code> element.</p>
   </dd>
  </dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-blockquote-element" id="blockquote_2">blockquote</a></code> element <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/rendering.html#represents" title='Read about this "represents" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>represents</a> a
  section that is quoted from another source.<p>Content inside a <code><a href="#the-blockquote-element" id="blockquote_3">blockquote</a></code> must be quoted from
  another source, whose address, if it has one, may be cited in the
  <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-blockquote-cite" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>cite</code></dfn>
  attribute.<p>If the <code title="attr-blockquote-cite"><a href="#attr-blockquote-cite" id="cite_0">cite</a></code> attribute
  is present, it must be a <a href="urls.html#valid-url-potentially-surrounded-by-spaces" id="valid-url-potentially-surrounded-by-spaces_1">valid URL potentially surrounded by
  spaces</a>. <div class="example">

   <p>This next example shows the use of <code><a href="the-cite-element.html#the-cite-element" id="cite_5">cite</a></code> alongside
   <code><a href="#the-blockquote-element" id="blockquote_4">blockquote</a></code>:</p>

   <pre>&lt;p&gt;His next piece was the aptly named &lt;cite&gt;Sonnet 130&lt;/cite&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;blockquote cite="http://quotes.example.org/s/sonnet130.html"&gt;
  &lt;p&gt;My mistress' eyes are nothing like the sun,&lt;br&gt;
  Coral is far more red, than her lips red,&lt;br&gt;
  ...</pre>

  </div><div class="example">

   <p>This example shows how a forum post could use
   <code><a href="#the-blockquote-element" id="blockquote_5">blockquote</a></code> to show what post a user is replying
   to. The <code><a href="the-article-element.html#the-article-element" id="article_14">article</a></code> element is used for each post, to mark
   up the threading.</p>

   <pre>&lt;article&gt;
 &lt;h1&gt;&lt;a href="http://bacon.example.com/?blog=109431"&gt;Bacon on a crowbar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
 &lt;article&gt;
  &lt;header&gt;&lt;strong&gt;t3yw&lt;/strong&gt; 12 points 1 hour ago&lt;/header&gt;
  &lt;p&gt;I bet a narwhal would love that.&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;footer&gt;&lt;a href="?pid=29578"&gt;permalink&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/footer&gt;
  &lt;article&gt;
   &lt;header&gt;&lt;strong&gt;greg&lt;/strong&gt; 8 points 1 hour ago&lt;/header&gt;
   &lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;p&gt;I bet a narwhal would love that.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
   &lt;p&gt;Dude narwhals don't eat bacon.&lt;/p&gt;
   &lt;footer&gt;&lt;a href="?pid=29579"&gt;permalink&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/footer&gt;
   &lt;article&gt;
    &lt;header&gt;&lt;strong&gt;t3yw&lt;/strong&gt; 15 points 1 hour ago&lt;/header&gt;
    &lt;blockquote&gt;
     &lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;p&gt;I bet a narwhal would love that.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
     &lt;p&gt;Dude narwhals don't eat bacon.&lt;/p&gt;
    &lt;/blockquote&gt;
    &lt;p&gt;Next thing you'll be saying they don't get capes and wizard
    hats either!&lt;/p&gt;
    &lt;footer&gt;&lt;a href="?pid=29580"&gt;permalink&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/footer&gt;
    &lt;article&gt;
     &lt;article&gt;
      &lt;header&gt;&lt;strong&gt;boing&lt;/strong&gt; -5 points 1 hour ago&lt;/header&gt;
      &lt;p&gt;narwhals are worse than ceiling cat&lt;/p&gt;
      &lt;footer&gt;&lt;a href="?pid=29581"&gt;permalink&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/footer&gt;
     &lt;/article&gt;
    &lt;/article&gt;
   &lt;/article&gt;
  &lt;/article&gt;
  &lt;article&gt;
   &lt;header&gt;&lt;strong&gt;fred&lt;/strong&gt; 1 points 23 minutes ago&lt;/header&gt;
   &lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;p&gt;I bet a narwhal would love that.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
   &lt;p&gt;I bet they'd love to peel a banana too.&lt;/p&gt;
   &lt;footer&gt;&lt;a href="?pid=29582"&gt;permalink&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/footer&gt;
  &lt;/article&gt;
 &lt;/article&gt;
&lt;/article&gt;</pre>

  </div><div class="example">

   <p>This example shows the use of a <code><a href="#the-blockquote-element" id="blockquote_6">blockquote</a></code> for
   short snippets, demonstrating that one does not have to use
   <code><a href="the-p-element.html#the-p-element" id="p_16">p</a></code> elements inside <code><a href="#the-blockquote-element" id="blockquote_7">blockquote</a></code>
   elements:</p>

   <pre>&lt;p&gt;He began his list of "lessons" with the following:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;One should never assume that his side of 
the issue will be recognized, let alone that it will 
be conceded to have merits.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;He continued with a number of similar points, ending with:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;Finally, one should be prepared for the threat 
of breakdown in negotiations at any given moment and not 
be cowed by the possiblity.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;We shall now discuss these points...</pre>

  </div><p class="note"><a href="links.html#conversations">Examples of how to
  represent a conversation</a> are shown in a later section; it is not
  appropriate to use the <code><a href="the-cite-element.html#the-cite-element" id="cite_6">cite</a></code> and <code><a href="#the-blockquote-element" id="blockquote_8">blockquote</a></code>
  elements for this purpose.
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</script><link href="the-rt-element.html" rel="prev" title="4.6.21 The rt element">
  <link href="Overview.html#contents" rel="index" title="Table of contents">
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  <body class="split chapter" onload="fixBrokenLink(); init()"><div class="head" id="head">
   <p><a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img alt="W3C" height="48" src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" width="72"></a></p>

   <h1>HTML5 <span class="edition">Edition for Web Authors</span> <span class="rcsrevision">revision 1.4918</span></h1>
   </div><div>
   <a href="the-rt-element.html">&larr; 4.6.21 The rt element</a> &ndash;
   <a href="Overview.html#contents">Table of contents</a> &ndash;
   <a href="the-bdi-element.html">4.6.23 The bdi element &rarr;</a>
  </div>

  <h4 id="the-rp-element"><span class="secno">4.6.22 </span>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>rp</code></dfn> element</h4><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
   <dd>None.</dd>
   <dt>Contexts in which this element can be used:</dt>
   <dd>As a child of a <code><a href="the-ruby-element.html#the-ruby-element" id="ruby_8">ruby</a></code> element, either immediately before or immediately after an <code><a href="the-rt-element.html#the-rt-element" id="rt_7">rt</a></code> element.</dd>
   <dt>Content model:</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_89">Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
   <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes" id="global-attributes_53">Global attributes</a></dd>
   <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
   <dd>Uses <code><a href="elements.html#htmlelement" id="htmlelement_59">HTMLElement</a></code>.</dd>
  </dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-rp-element" id="rp_3">rp</a></code> element can be used to provide parentheses
  around a ruby text component of a ruby annotation, to be shown by
  user agents that don't support ruby annotations.<p>An <code><a href="#the-rp-element" id="rp_4">rp</a></code> element  <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/rendering.html#represents" title='Read about this "represents" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>represents</a>
  nothing. <div class="example">

   <p>The example above, in which each ideograph in the text <span lang="ja" title="">&#28450;&#23383;</span> is annotated with its
   phonetic reading, could be expanded to use <code><a href="#the-rp-element" id="rp_5">rp</a></code> so that in
   legacy user agents the readings are in parentheses:</p>

   <pre lang="ja">...
&lt;ruby&gt;
 &#28450; &lt;rp&gt;(&lt;/rp&gt;&lt;rt&gt;&#12363;&#12435;&lt;/rt&gt;&lt;rp&gt;)&lt;/rp&gt;
 &#23383; &lt;rp&gt;(&lt;/rp&gt;&lt;rt&gt;&#12376;&lt;/rt&gt;&lt;rp&gt;)&lt;/rp&gt;
&lt;/ruby&gt;
...</pre>

   <p>In conforming user agents the rendering would be as above, but
   in user agents that do not support ruby, the rendering would
   be:</p>

   <pre lang="ja">... &#28450; (&#12363;&#12435;) &#23383; (&#12376;) ...</pre>

  </div>
--- NEW FILE: the-details-element.html ---
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</script><link href="interactive-elements.html" rel="prev" title="4.11 Interactive elements">
  <link href="Overview.html#contents" rel="index" title="Table of contents">
  <link href="the-summary-element.html" rel="next" title="4.11.2 The summary element">
  <body class="split chapter" onload="fixBrokenLink(); init()"><div class="head" id="head">
   <p><a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img alt="W3C" height="48" src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" width="72"></a></p>

   <h1>HTML5 <span class="edition">Edition for Web Authors</span> <span class="rcsrevision">revision 1.4918</span></h1>
   </div><div>
   <a href="interactive-elements.html">&larr; 4.11 Interactive elements</a> &ndash;
   <a href="Overview.html#contents">Table of contents</a> &ndash;
   <a href="the-summary-element.html">4.11.2 The summary element &rarr;</a>
  </div>

  <h4 id="the-details-element"><span class="secno">4.11.1 </span>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>details</code></dfn> element</h4><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_133">Flow content</a>.</dd>
   <dd><a href="the-address-element.html#sectioning-root" id="sectioning-root_10">Sectioning root</a>.</dd>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#interactive-content" id="interactive-content_18">Interactive content</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Contexts in which this element can be used:</dt>
   <dd>Where <a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_134">flow content</a> is expected.</dd>
   <dt>Content model:</dt>
   <dd>One <code><a href="the-summary-element.html#the-summary-element" id="summary_0">summary</a></code> element followed by <a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_135">flow content</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
   <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes" id="global-attributes_99">Global attributes</a></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-details-open"><a href="#attr-details-open" id="open_0">open</a></code></dd>
   <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
   <dd>
<pre class="idl">interface <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="htmldetailselement" role="button" tabindex="0">HTMLDetailsElement</dfn> : <a href="elements.html#htmlelement" id="htmlelement_110">HTMLElement</a> {
           attribute boolean <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/interactive-elements.html#dom-details-open" title='Read about this "open" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>open</a>;
};</pre>
   </dd>
  </dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-details-element" id="details_6">details</a></code> element <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/rendering.html#represents" title='Read about this "represents" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>represents</a> a
  disclosure widget from which the user can obtain additional
  information or controls.<p class="note">The <code><a href="#the-details-element" id="details_7">details</a></code> element is not appropriate
  for footnotes. Please see <a href="links.html#footnotes">the section on
  footnotes</a> for details on how to mark up footnotes.<p>The  <code><a href="the-summary-element.html#the-summary-element" id="summary_1">summary</a></code> element
  child of the element, if any, <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/rendering.html#represents" title='Read about this "represents" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>represents</a> the summary or
  legend of the details. <p>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-details-open" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>open</code></dfn>
  content attribute is a <a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#boolean-attribute" id="boolean-attribute_23">boolean attribute</a>. If present,
  it indicates that the details are to be shown to the user. If the
  attribute is absent, the details are not to be shown.<div class="example">

   <p>The following example shows the <code><a href="#the-details-element" id="details_8">details</a></code> element
   being used to hide technical details in a progress report.</p>

   <pre>&lt;section class="progress window"&gt;
 &lt;h1&gt;Copying "Really Achieving Your Childhood Dreams"&lt;/h1&gt;
 &lt;details&gt;
  &lt;summary&gt;Copying... &lt;progress max="375505392" value="97543282"&gt;&lt;/progress&gt; 25%&lt;/summary&gt;
  &lt;dl&gt;
   &lt;dt&gt;Transfer rate:&lt;/dt&gt; &lt;dd&gt;452KB/s&lt;/dd&gt;
   &lt;dt&gt;Local filename:&lt;/dt&gt; &lt;dd&gt;/home/rpausch/raycd.m4v&lt;/dd&gt;
   &lt;dt&gt;Remote filename:&lt;/dt&gt; &lt;dd&gt;/var/www/lectures/raycd.m4v&lt;/dd&gt;
   &lt;dt&gt;Duration:&lt;/dt&gt; &lt;dd&gt;01:16:27&lt;/dd&gt;
   &lt;dt&gt;Color profile:&lt;/dt&gt; &lt;dd&gt;SD (6-1-6)&lt;/dd&gt;
   &lt;dt&gt;Dimensions:&lt;/dt&gt; &lt;dd&gt;320&times;240&lt;/dd&gt;
  &lt;/dl&gt;
 &lt;/details&gt;
&lt;/section&gt;</pre>

  </div><div class="example">

   <p>The following shows how a <code><a href="#the-details-element" id="details_9">details</a></code> element can be
   used to hide some controls by default:</p>

   <pre>&lt;details&gt;
 &lt;summary&gt;&lt;label for=fn&gt;Name &amp; Extension:&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/summary&gt;
 &lt;p&gt;&lt;input type=text id=fn name=fn value="Pillar Magazine.pdf"&gt;
 &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;&lt;input type=checkbox name=ext checked&gt; Hide extension&lt;/label&gt;
&lt;/details&gt;</pre>

   <p>One could use this in conjunction with other <code><a href="#the-details-element" id="details_10">details</a></code>
   in a list to allow the user to collapse a set of fields down to a
   small set of headings, with the ability to open each one.</p>

   <p class="details-example"><img alt="" height="611" src="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/images/sample-details-1.png" width="345"><img alt="" height="666" src="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/images/sample-details-2.png" width="345"></p>

   <p>In these examples, the summary really just summarises what the
   controls can change, and not the actual values, which is less than
   ideal.</p>

  </div>
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</script><link href="the-article-element.html" rel="prev" title="4.4.4 The article element">
  <link href="Overview.html#contents" rel="index" title="Table of contents">
  <link href="the-h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-and-h6-elements.html" rel="next" title="4.4.6 The h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, and h6 elements">
  <body class="split chapter" onload="fixBrokenLink(); init()"><div class="head" id="head">
   <p><a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img alt="W3C" height="48" src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" width="72"></a></p>

   <h1>HTML5 <span class="edition">Edition for Web Authors</span> <span class="rcsrevision">revision 1.4918</span></h1>
   </div><div>
   <a href="the-article-element.html">&larr; 4.4.4 The article element</a> &ndash;
   <a href="Overview.html#contents">Table of contents</a> &ndash;
   <a href="the-h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-and-h6-elements.html">4.4.6 The h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, and h6 elements &rarr;</a>
  </div>

  <h4 id="the-aside-element"><span class="secno">4.4.5 </span>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>aside</code></dfn> element</h4><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_23">Flow content</a>.</dd>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#sectioning-content" id="sectioning-content_7">Sectioning content</a>.</dd>
   <dd><a href="dnd.html#formatblock-candidate" id="formatblock-candidate_3"><code title="">formatBlock</code> candidate</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Contexts in which this element can be used:</dt>
   <dd>Where <a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_24">flow content</a> is expected.</dd>
   <dt>Content model:</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_25">Flow content</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
   <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes" id="global-attributes_13">Global attributes</a></dd>
   <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
   <dd>Uses <code><a href="elements.html#htmlelement" id="htmlelement_20">HTMLElement</a></code>.</dd>
  </dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-aside-element" id="aside_2">aside</a></code> element <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/rendering.html#represents" title='Read about this "represents" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>represents</a> a section
  of a page that consists of content that is tangentially related to
  the content around the <code><a href="#the-aside-element" id="aside_3">aside</a></code> element, and which could
  be considered separate from that content. Such sections are often
  represented as sidebars in printed typography.<p>The element can be used for typographical effects like pull
  quotes or sidebars, for advertising, for groups of <code><a href="the-nav-element.html#the-nav-element" id="nav_7">nav</a></code>
  elements, and for other content that is considered separate from the
  main content of the page.<p class="note">It's not appropriate to use the <code><a href="#the-aside-element" id="aside_4">aside</a></code>
  element just for parentheticals, since those are part of the main
  flow of the document.<div class="example">

   <p>The following example shows how an aside is used to mark up
   background material on Switzerland in a much longer news story on
   Europe.</p>

   <pre>&lt;aside&gt;
 &lt;h1&gt;Switzerland&lt;/h1&gt;
 &lt;p&gt;Switzerland, a land-locked country in the middle of geographic
 Europe, has not joined the geopolitical European Union, though it is
 a signatory to a number of European treaties.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/aside&gt;</pre>

  </div><div class="example">

   <p>The following example shows how an aside is used to mark up
   a pull quote in a longer article.</p>

   <pre>...

&lt;p&gt;He later joined a large company, continuing on the same work.
&lt;q&gt;I love my job. People ask me what I do for fun when I'm not at
work. But I'm paid to do my hobby, so I never know what to
answer. Some people wonder what they would do if they didn't have to
work... but I know what I would do, because I was unemployed for a
year, and I filled that time doing exactly what I do now.&lt;/q&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;aside&gt;
 &lt;q&gt; People ask me what I do for fun when I'm not at work. But I'm
 paid to do my hobby, so I never know what to answer. &lt;/q&gt;
&lt;/aside&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Of course his work &mdash; or should that be hobby? &mdash;
isn't his only passion. He also enjoys other pleasures.&lt;/p&gt;

...</pre>

  </div><div class="example">

   <p>The following extract shows how <code><a href="#the-aside-element" id="aside_5">aside</a></code> can be used
   for blogrolls and other side content on a blog:</p>

   <pre>&lt;body&gt;
 &lt;header&gt;
  &lt;h1&gt;My wonderful blog&lt;/h1&gt;
  &lt;p&gt;My tagline&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/header&gt;
 &lt;aside&gt;
  &lt;!-- <em>this aside contains two sections that are tangentially related
  to the page, namely, links to other blogs, and links to blog posts
  from this blog</em> --&gt;
  &lt;nav&gt;
   &lt;h1&gt;My blogroll&lt;/h1&gt;
   &lt;ul&gt;
    &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://blog.example.com/"&gt;Example Blog&lt;/a&gt;
   &lt;/ul&gt;
  &lt;/nav&gt;
  &lt;nav&gt;
   &lt;h1&gt;Archives&lt;/h1&gt;
   &lt;ol reversed&gt;
    &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="/last-post"&gt;My last post&lt;/a&gt;
    &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="/first-post"&gt;My first post&lt;/a&gt;
   &lt;/ol&gt;
  &lt;/nav&gt;
 &lt;/aside&gt;
 &lt;aside&gt;
  &lt;!-- <em>this aside is tangentially related to the page also, it
  contains twitter messages from the blog author</em> --&gt;
  &lt;h1&gt;Twitter Feed&lt;/h1&gt;
  &lt;blockquote cite="http://twitter.example.net/t31351234"&gt;
   I'm on vacation, writing my blog.
  &lt;/blockquote&gt;
  &lt;blockquote cite="http://twitter.example.net/t31219752"&gt;
   I'm going to go on vacation soon.
  &lt;/blockquote&gt;
 &lt;/aside&gt;
 &lt;article&gt;
  &lt;!-- <em>this is a blog post</em> --&gt;
  &lt;h1&gt;My last post&lt;/h1&gt;
  &lt;p&gt;This is my last post.&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;footer&gt;
   &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="/last-post" rel=bookmark&gt;Permalink&lt;/a&gt;
  &lt;/footer&gt;
 &lt;/article&gt;
 &lt;article&gt;
  &lt;!-- <em>this is also a blog post</em> --&gt;
  &lt;h1&gt;My first post&lt;/h1&gt;
  &lt;p&gt;This is my first post.&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;aside&gt;
   &lt;!-- <em>this aside is about the blog post, since it's inside the
   &lt;article&gt; element; it would be wrong, for instance, to put the
   blogroll here, since the blogroll isn't really related to this post
   specifically, only to the page as a whole</em> --&gt;
   &lt;h1&gt;Posting&lt;/h1&gt;
   &lt;p&gt;While I'm thinking about it, I wanted to say something about
   posting. Posting is fun!&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;/aside&gt;
  &lt;footer&gt;
   &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="/first-post" rel=bookmark&gt;Permalink&lt;/a&gt;
  &lt;/footer&gt;
 &lt;/article&gt;
 &lt;footer&gt;
  &lt;nav&gt;
   &lt;a href="/archives"&gt;Archives&lt;/a&gt; &mdash;
   &lt;a href="/about"&gt;About me&lt;/a&gt; &mdash;
   &lt;a href="/copyright"&gt;Copyright&lt;/a&gt;
  &lt;/nav&gt;
 &lt;/footer&gt;
&lt;/body&gt;</pre>

  </div>
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</script><link href="the-head-element.html" rel="prev" title="4.2.1 The head element">
  <link href="Overview.html#contents" rel="index" title="Table of contents">
  <link href="the-base-element.html" rel="next" title="4.2.3 The base element">
  <body class="split chapter" onload="fixBrokenLink(); init()"><div class="head" id="head">
   <p><a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img alt="W3C" height="48" src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" width="72"></a></p>

   <h1>HTML5 <span class="edition">Edition for Web Authors</span> <span class="rcsrevision">revision 1.4918</span></h1>
   </div><div>
   <a href="the-head-element.html">&larr; 4.2.1 The head element</a> &ndash;
   <a href="Overview.html#contents">Table of contents</a> &ndash;
   <a href="the-base-element.html">4.2.3 The base element &rarr;</a>
  </div>

  <h4 id="the-title-element"><span class="secno">4.2.2 </span>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>title</code></dfn> element</h4><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#metadata-content" id="metadata-content_4">Metadata content</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Contexts in which this element can be used:</dt>
   <dd>In a <code><a href="the-head-element.html#the-head-element" id="head_9">head</a></code> element containing no other <code><a href="#the-title-element" id="title_43">title</a></code> elements.</dd>
   <dt>Content model:</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#text-content" id="text-content_4" title="text content">Text</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
   <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes" id="global-attributes_2">Global attributes</a></dd>
   <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
   <dd>
    <pre class="idl">interface <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="htmltitleelement" role="button" tabindex="0">HTMLTitleElement</dfn> : <a href="elements.html#htmlelement" id="htmlelement_9">HTMLElement</a> {
           attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/semantics.html#dom-title-text" title='Read about this "text" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>text</a>;
};</pre>
   </dd>
  </dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-title-element" id="title_44">title</a></code> element <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/rendering.html#represents" title='Read about this "represents" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>represents</a> the
  document's title or name. Authors should use titles that identify
  their documents even when they are used out of context, for example
  in a user's history or bookmarks, or in search results. The
  document's title is often different from its first heading, since the
  first heading does not have to stand alone when taken out of
  context.<p>There must be no more than one <code><a href="#the-title-element" id="title_45">title</a></code> element per
  document.<dl class="domintro"><dt><var title="">title</var> . <code title="dom-title-text"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/semantics.html#dom-title-text" title='Read about this "text" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>text</a></code> [ = <var title="">value</var> ]</dt>

   <dd>

    <p>Returns the contents of the element, ignoring child nodes that
    aren't <a href="infrastructure.html#text-node" id="text-node_10" title="text node">text nodes</a>.</p>

    <p>Can be set, to replace the element's children with the given
    value.</p>

   </dd>

  </dl><div class="example">

   <p>Here are some examples of appropriate titles, contrasted with
   the top-level headings that might be used on those same pages.</p>

   <pre>  &lt;title&gt;Introduction to The Mating Rituals of Bees&lt;/title&gt;
    ...
  &lt;h1&gt;Introduction&lt;/h1&gt;
  &lt;p&gt;This companion guide to the highly successful
  &lt;cite&gt;Introduction to Medieval Bee-Keeping&lt;/cite&gt; book is...</pre>

   <p>The next page might be a part of the same site. Note how the
   title describes the subject matter unambiguously, while the first
   heading assumes the reader knows what the context is and therefore
   won't wonder if the dances are Salsa or Waltz:</p>

   <pre>  &lt;title&gt;Dances used during bee mating rituals&lt;/title&gt;
    ...
  &lt;h1&gt;The Dances&lt;/h1&gt;</pre>

  </div><p>The string to use as the document's title is given by the <code title="dom-document-title"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/dom.html#document.title" title='Read about this "document.title" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>document.title</a></code> IDL attribute.
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</script><link href="the-rp-element.html" rel="prev" title="4.6.22 The rp element">
  <link href="Overview.html#contents" rel="index" title="Table of contents">
  <link href="the-bdo-element.html" rel="next" title="4.6.24 The bdo element">
  <body class="split chapter" onload="fixBrokenLink(); init()"><div class="head" id="head">
   <p><a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img alt="W3C" height="48" src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" width="72"></a></p>

   <h1>HTML5 <span class="edition">Edition for Web Authors</span> <span class="rcsrevision">revision 1.4918</span></h1>
   </div><div>
   <a href="the-rp-element.html">&larr; 4.6.22 The rp element</a> &ndash;
   <a href="Overview.html#contents">Table of contents</a> &ndash;
   <a href="the-bdo-element.html">4.6.24 The bdo element &rarr;</a>
  </div>

  <h4 id="the-bdi-element"><span class="secno">4.6.23 </span>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>bdi</code></dfn> element</h4><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_87">Flow content</a>.</dd>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_90">Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Contexts in which this element can be used:</dt>
   <dd>Where <a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_91">phrasing content</a> is expected.</dd>
   <dt>Content model:</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_92">Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
   <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes" id="global-attributes_54">Global attributes</a></dd>
   <dd>Also, the <code title="attr-dir"><a href="elements.html#the-dir-attribute" id="dir_14">dir</a></code> global attribute has special semantics on this element.</dd>
   <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
   <dd>Uses <code><a href="elements.html#htmlelement" id="htmlelement_60">HTMLElement</a></code>.</dd>
  </dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-bdi-element" id="bdi_4">bdi</a></code> element <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/rendering.html#represents" title='Read about this "represents" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>represents</a> a span of
  text that is to be isolated from its surroundings for the purposes
  of bidirectional text formatting. <a href="references.html#refsBIDI">[BIDI]</a><p class="note">The <code title="attr-dir"><a href="elements.html#the-dir-attribute" id="dir_15">dir</a></code> global
  attribute defaults to <code title="attr-dir-auto"><a href="elements.html#attr-dir-auto" id="auto_0">auto</a></code> on
  this element (it never inherits from the parent element like with
  other elements).<div class="example">

   <p>This element is especially useful when embedding user-generated
   content with an unknown directionality.</p>

   <p>In this example, usernames are shown along with the number of
   posts that the user has submitted. If the <code><a href="#the-bdi-element" id="bdi_5">bdi</a></code> element
   were not used, the username of the Arabic user would end up
   confusing the text (the bidirectional algorithm would put the colon
   and the number "3" next to the word "User" rather than next to the
   word "posts").</p>

   <pre>&lt;ul&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;User &lt;bdi&gt;jcranmer&lt;/bdi&gt;: 12 posts.
 &lt;li&gt;User &lt;bdi&gt;hober&lt;/bdi&gt;: 5 posts.
 &lt;li&gt;User &lt;bdi&gt;<bdo dir="rtl">&#1573;&#1610;&#1575;&#1606;</bdo>&lt;/bdi&gt;: 3 posts.
&lt;/ul&gt;</pre>

  </div>
--- NEW FILE: the-legend-element.html ---
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</script><link href="the-fieldset-element.html" rel="prev" title="4.10.4 The fieldset element">
  <link href="Overview.html#contents" rel="index" title="Table of contents">
  <link href="the-label-element.html" rel="next" title="4.10.6 The label element">
  <body class="split chapter" onload="fixBrokenLink(); init()"><div class="head" id="head">
   <p><a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img alt="W3C" height="48" src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" width="72"></a></p>

   <h1>HTML5 <span class="edition">Edition for Web Authors</span> <span class="rcsrevision">revision 1.4918</span></h1>
   </div><div>
   <a href="the-fieldset-element.html">&larr; 4.10.4 The fieldset element</a> &ndash;
   <a href="Overview.html#contents">Table of contents</a> &ndash;
   <a href="the-label-element.html">4.10.6 The label element &rarr;</a>
  </div>

  <h4 id="the-legend-element"><span class="secno">4.10.5 </span>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>legend</code></dfn> element</h4><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
   <dd>None.</dd>
   <dt>Contexts in which this element can be used:</dt>
   <dd>As the first child of a <code><a href="the-fieldset-element.html#the-fieldset-element" id="fieldset_17">fieldset</a></code> element.</dd>
   <dt>Content model:</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_132">Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
   <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes" id="global-attributes_86">Global attributes</a></dd>
   <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
   <dd>
    <pre class="idl">interface <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="htmllegendelement" role="button" tabindex="0">HTMLLegendElement</dfn> : <a href="elements.html#htmlelement" id="htmlelement_92">HTMLElement</a> {
  readonly attribute <a href="the-form-element.html#htmlformelement" id="htmlformelement_2">HTMLFormElement</a> <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/forms.html#dom-legend-form" title='Read about this "form" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>form</a>;
};</pre>
   </dd>
  </dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-legend-element" id="legend_3">legend</a></code> element <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/rendering.html#represents" title='Read about this "represents" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>represents</a> a caption
  for the rest of the contents of the <code><a href="#the-legend-element" id="legend_4">legend</a></code> element's
  parent <code><a href="the-fieldset-element.html#the-fieldset-element" id="fieldset_18">fieldset</a></code> element.<dl class="domintro"><dt><var title="">legend</var> . <code title="dom-legend-form"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/forms.html#dom-legend-form" title='Read about this "form" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>form</a></code></dt>

   <dd>

    <p>Returns the element's <code><a href="the-form-element.html#the-form-element" id="form_20">form</a></code> element, if any, or
    null otherwise.</p>

   </dd>

  </dl>
--- NEW FILE: the-dt-element.html ---
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</script><link href="the-dl-element.html" rel="prev" title="4.5.8 The dl element">
  <link href="Overview.html#contents" rel="index" title="Table of contents">
  <link href="the-dd-element.html" rel="next" title="4.5.10 The dd element">
  <body class="split chapter" onload="fixBrokenLink(); init()"><div class="head" id="head">
   <p><a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img alt="W3C" height="48" src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" width="72"></a></p>

   <h1>HTML5 <span class="edition">Edition for Web Authors</span> <span class="rcsrevision">revision 1.4918</span></h1>
   </div><div>
   <a href="the-dl-element.html">&larr; 4.5.8 The dl element</a> &ndash;
   <a href="Overview.html#contents">Table of contents</a> &ndash;
   <a href="the-dd-element.html">4.5.10 The dd element &rarr;</a>
  </div>

  <h4 id="the-dt-element"><span class="secno">4.5.9 </span>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>dt</code></dfn> element</h4><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
   <dd>None.</dd>
   <dt>Contexts in which this element can be used:</dt>
   <dd>Before <code><a href="the-dd-element.html#the-dd-element" id="dd_2">dd</a></code> or <code><a href="#the-dt-element" id="dt_2">dt</a></code> elements inside <code><a href="the-dl-element.html#the-dl-element" id="dl_6">dl</a></code> elements.</dd>
   <dt>Content model:</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_25">Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
   <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes" id="global-attributes_27">Global attributes</a></dd>
   <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
   <dd>Uses <code><a href="elements.html#htmlelement" id="htmlelement_34">HTMLElement</a></code>.</dd>
  </dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-dt-element" id="dt_3">dt</a></code> element <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/rendering.html#represents" title='Read about this "represents" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>represents</a> the term, or
  name, part of a term-description group in a description list
  (<code><a href="the-dl-element.html#the-dl-element" id="dl_7">dl</a></code> element).<p class="note">The <code><a href="#the-dt-element" id="dt_4">dt</a></code> element itself, when used in a
  <code><a href="the-dl-element.html#the-dl-element" id="dl_8">dl</a></code> element, does not indicate that its contents are a
  term being defined, but this can be indicated using the
  <code><a href="the-dfn-element.html#the-dfn-element" id="dfn_2">dfn</a></code> element.<div class="example">

   <p>This example shows a list of frequently asked questions (a FAQ)
   marked up using the <code><a href="#the-dt-element" id="dt_5">dt</a></code> element for questions and the
   <code><a href="the-dd-element.html#the-dd-element" id="dd_3">dd</a></code> element for answers.</p>

   <pre>&lt;article&gt;
 &lt;h1&gt;FAQ&lt;/h1&gt;
 &lt;dl&gt;
  &lt;dt&gt;What do we want?&lt;/dt&gt;
  &lt;dd&gt;Our data.&lt;/dd&gt;
  &lt;dt&gt;When do we want it?&lt;/dt&gt;
  &lt;dd&gt;Now.&lt;/dd&gt;
  &lt;dt&gt;Where is it?&lt;/dt&gt;
  &lt;dd&gt;We are not sure.&lt;/dd&gt;
 &lt;/dl&gt;
&lt;/article&gt;</pre>

  </div>
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</script><link href="the-audio-element.html" rel="prev" title="4.8.7 The audio element">
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   <p><a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img alt="W3C" height="48" src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" width="72"></a></p>

   <h1>HTML5 <span class="edition">Edition for Web Authors</span> <span class="rcsrevision">revision 1.4918</span></h1>
   </div><div>
   <a href="the-audio-element.html">&larr; 4.8.7 The audio element</a> &ndash;
   <a href="Overview.html#contents">Table of contents</a> &ndash;
   <a href="the-track-element.html">4.8.9 The track element &rarr;</a>
  </div>

  <h4 id="the-source-element"><span class="secno">4.8.8 </span>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>source</code></dfn> element</h4><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
   <dd>None.</dd>
   <dt>Contexts in which this element can be used:</dt>
   <dd>As a child of a <a href="the-track-element.html#media-element" id="media-element_7">media element</a>, before any <a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_103">flow content</a>
 or <code><a href="the-track-element.html#the-track-element" id="track_8">track</a></code> elements.</dd>
   <dt>Content model:</dt>
   <dd>Empty.</dd>
   <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
   <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes" id="global-attributes_69">Global attributes</a></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-source-src"><a href="#attr-source-src" id="src_27">src</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-source-type"><a href="#attr-source-type" id="type_25">type</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-source-media"><a href="#attr-source-media" id="media_6">media</a></code></dd>
   <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
   <dd>
<pre class="idl">interface <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="htmlsourceelement" role="button" tabindex="0">HTMLSourceElement</dfn> : <a href="elements.html#htmlelement" id="htmlelement_71">HTMLElement</a> {
           attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-iframe-element.html#dom-source-src" title='Read about this "src" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>src</a>;
           attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-iframe-element.html#dom-source-type" title='Read about this "type" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>type</a>;
           attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-iframe-element.html#dom-source-media" title='Read about this "media" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>media</a>;
};</pre>
   </dd>
  </dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-source-element" id="source_3">source</a></code> element allows authors to specify
  multiple alternative <a href="the-track-element.html#media-resource" id="media-resource_0" title="media resource">media
  resources</a> for <a href="the-track-element.html#media-element" id="media-element_8" title="media element">media
  elements</a>. It does not <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/rendering.html#represents" title='Read about this "represent" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>represent</a> anything on its own.<p>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-source-src" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>src</code></dfn> attribute
  gives the address of the <a href="the-track-element.html#media-resource" id="media-resource_1">media resource</a>. The value must
  be a <a href="urls.html#valid-non-empty-url-potentially-surrounded-by-spaces" id="valid-non-empty-url-potentially-surrounded-by-spaces_8">valid non-empty URL potentially surrounded by
  spaces</a>. This attribute must be present.<p class="note">Dynamically modifying a <code><a href="#the-source-element" id="source_4">source</a></code> element
  and its attribute when the element is already inserted in a
  <code><a href="the-video-element.html#the-video-element" id="video_20">video</a></code> or <code><a href="the-audio-element.html#the-audio-element" id="audio_9">audio</a></code> element will have no
  effect. To change what is playing, either just use the <code title="attr-media-src"><a href="the-track-element.html#attr-media-src" id="src_40">src</a></code> attribute on the <a href="the-track-element.html#media-element" id="media-element_9">media
  element</a> directly, or call the <code title="dom-media-load"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-iframe-element.html#dom-media-load" title='Read about this "load()" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>load()</a></code> method on the <a href="the-track-element.html#media-element" id="media-element_10">media
  element</a> after manipulating the <code><a href="#the-source-element" id="source_5">source</a></code>
  elements.<p>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-source-type" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>type</code></dfn>
  attribute gives the type of the <a href="the-track-element.html#media-resource" id="media-resource_2">media resource</a>, to help
  the user agent determine if it can play this <a href="the-track-element.html#media-resource" id="media-resource_3">media
  resource</a> before fetching it. If specified, its value must be
  a <a href="infrastructure.html#valid-mime-type" id="valid-mime-type_6">valid MIME type</a>. The <code title="">codecs</code>
  parameter, which certain MIME types define, might be necessary to
  specify exactly how the resource is encoded. <a href="references.html#refsRFC4281">[RFC4281]</a><div class="example">

   <p>The following list shows some examples of how to use the <code title="">codecs=</code> MIME parameter in the <code title="attr-source-type"><a href="#attr-source-type" id="type_26">type</a></code> attribute.</p>

   <dl><dt>H.264 Constrained baseline profile video (main and extended video compatible) level 3 and Low-Complexity AAC audio in MP4 container</dt>
    <dd><pre>&lt;source src='video.mp4' type='video/mp4; codecs="avc1.42E01E, mp4a.40.2"'&gt;</pre></dd>

    <dt>H.264 Extended profile video (baseline-compatible) level 3 and Low-Complexity AAC audio in MP4 container</dt>
    <dd><pre>&lt;source src='video.mp4' type='video/mp4; codecs="avc1.58A01E, mp4a.40.2"'&gt;</pre></dd>

    <dt>H.264 Main profile video level 3 and Low-Complexity AAC audio in MP4 container</dt>
    <dd><pre>&lt;source src='video.mp4' type='video/mp4; codecs="avc1.4D401E, mp4a.40.2"'&gt;</pre></dd>

    <dt>H.264 'High' profile video (incompatible with main, baseline, or extended profiles) level 3 and Low-Complexity AAC audio in MP4 container</dt>
    <dd><pre>&lt;source src='video.mp4' type='video/mp4; codecs="avc1.64001E, mp4a.40.2"'&gt;</pre></dd>


    <dt>MPEG-4 Visual Simple Profile Level 0 video and Low-Complexity AAC audio in MP4 container</dt>
    <dd><pre>&lt;source src='video.mp4' type='video/mp4; codecs="mp4v.20.8, mp4a.40.2"'&gt;</pre></dd>

    <dt>MPEG-4 Advanced Simple Profile Level 0 video and Low-Complexity AAC audio in MP4 container</dt>
    <dd><pre>&lt;source src='video.mp4' type='video/mp4; codecs="mp4v.20.240, mp4a.40.2"'&gt;</pre></dd>

    <dt>MPEG-4 Visual Simple Profile Level 0 video and AMR audio in 3GPP container</dt>
    <dd><pre>&lt;source src='video.3gp' type='video/3gpp; codecs="mp4v.20.8, samr"'&gt;</pre></dd>


    <dt>Theora video and Vorbis audio in Ogg container</dt>
    <dd><pre>&lt;source src='video.ogv' type='video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"'&gt;</pre></dd>

    <dt>Theora video and Speex audio in Ogg container</dt>
    <dd><pre>&lt;source src='video.ogv' type='video/ogg; codecs="theora, speex"'&gt;</pre></dd>

    <dt>Vorbis audio alone in Ogg container</dt>
    <dd><pre>&lt;source src='audio.ogg' type='audio/ogg; codecs=vorbis'&gt;</pre></dd>

    <dt>Speex audio alone in Ogg container</dt>
    <dd><pre>&lt;source src='audio.spx' type='audio/ogg; codecs=speex'&gt;</pre></dd>

    <dt>FLAC audio alone in Ogg container</dt>
    <dd><pre>&lt;source src='audio.oga' type='audio/ogg; codecs=flac'&gt;</pre></dd>

    <dt>Dirac video and Vorbis audio in Ogg container</dt>
    <dd><pre>&lt;source src='video.ogv' type='video/ogg; codecs="dirac, vorbis"'&gt;</pre></dd>






   </dl></div><p>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-source-media" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>media</code></dfn>
  attribute gives the intended media type of the <a href="the-track-element.html#media-resource" id="media-resource_4">media
  resource</a>, to help the user agent determine if this
  <a href="the-track-element.html#media-resource" id="media-resource_5">media resource</a> is useful to the user before fetching
  it. Its value must be a <a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#valid-media-query" id="valid-media-query_2">valid media query</a>.<p id="source-default-media">The default, if the <code title="attr-srouce-media">media</code> attribute is omitted, is
  "<code title="">all</code>", meaning that by default the <a href="the-track-element.html#media-resource" id="media-resource_6">media
  resource</a> is suitable for all media.<div class="example">

   <p>If the author isn't sure if the user agents will all be able to
   render the media resources provided, the author can listen to the
   <code title="event-error">error</code> event on the last
   <code><a href="#the-source-element" id="source_6">source</a></code> element and trigger fallback behavior:</p>

   <pre>&lt;script&gt;
 function fallback(video) {
   // replace &lt;video&gt; with its contents
   while (video.hasChildNodes()) {
     if (video.firstChild instanceof HTMLSourceElement)
       video.removeChild(video.firstChild);
     else
       video.parentNode.insertBefore(video.firstChild, video);
   }
   video.parentNode.removeChild(video);
 }
&lt;/script&gt;
&lt;video controls autoplay&gt;
 &lt;source src='video.mp4' type='video/mp4; codecs="avc1.42E01E, mp4a.40.2"'&gt;
 &lt;source src='video.ogv' type='video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"'
         onerror="fallback(parentNode)"&gt;
 ...
&lt;/video&gt;</pre>

  </div>
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</script><link href="the-iframe-element.html" rel="prev" title="4.8.2 The iframe element">
  <link href="Overview.html#contents" rel="index" title="Table of contents">
  <link href="the-object-element.html" rel="next" title="4.8.4 The object element">
  <body class="split chapter" onload="fixBrokenLink(); init()"><div class="head" id="head">
   <p><a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img alt="W3C" height="48" src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" width="72"></a></p>

   <h1>HTML5 <span class="edition">Edition for Web Authors</span> <span class="rcsrevision">revision 1.4918</span></h1>
   </div><div>
   <a href="the-iframe-element.html">&larr; 4.8.2 The iframe element</a> &ndash;
   <a href="Overview.html#contents">Table of contents</a> &ndash;
   <a href="the-object-element.html">4.8.4 The object element &rarr;</a>
  </div>

  <h4 id="the-embed-element"><span class="secno">4.8.3 </span>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>embed</code></dfn> element</h4><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_98">Flow content</a>.</dd>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_116">Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#embedded-content" id="embedded-content_9">Embedded content</a>.</dd>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#interactive-content" id="interactive-content_6">Interactive content</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Contexts in which this element can be used:</dt>
   <dd>Where <a href="content-models.html#embedded-content" id="embedded-content_10">embedded content</a> is expected.</dd>
   <dt>Content model:</dt>
   <dd>Empty.</dd>
   <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
   <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes" id="global-attributes_64">Global attributes</a></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-embed-src"><a href="#attr-embed-src" id="src_23">src</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-embed-type"><a href="#attr-embed-type" id="type_17">type</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-dim-width"><a href="the-area-element.html#attr-dim-width" id="width_6">width</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-dim-height"><a href="the-area-element.html#attr-dim-height" id="height_6">height</a></code></dd>
   <dd>Any other attribute that has no namespace (see prose).</dd>
   <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
   <dd>
<pre class="idl">interface <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="htmlembedelement" role="button" tabindex="0">HTMLEmbedElement</dfn> : <a href="elements.html#htmlelement" id="htmlelement_68">HTMLElement</a> {
           attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-iframe-element.html#dom-embed-src" title='Read about this "src" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>src</a>;
           attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-iframe-element.html#dom-embed-type" title='Read about this "type" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>type</a>;
           attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-map-element.html#dom-dim-width" title='Read about this "width" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>width</a>;
           attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-map-element.html#dom-dim-height" title='Read about this "height" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>height</a>;
};</pre>
    
   </dd>
  </dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-embed-element" id="embed_8">embed</a></code> element <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/rendering.html#represents" title='Read about this "represents" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>represents</a> an
  integration point for an external (typically non-HTML) application
  or interactive content.<p>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-embed-src" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>src</code></dfn> attribute
  gives the address of the resource being embedded. The attribute, if
  present, must contain a <a href="urls.html#valid-non-empty-url-potentially-surrounded-by-spaces" id="valid-non-empty-url-potentially-surrounded-by-spaces_5">valid non-empty URL potentially
  surrounded by spaces</a>.<p>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-embed-type" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>type</code></dfn>
  attribute, if present, gives the <a href="infrastructure.html#mime-type" id="mime-type_5">MIME type</a> by which the
  plugin to instantiate is selected. The value must be a <a href="infrastructure.html#valid-mime-type" id="valid-mime-type_4">valid
  MIME type</a>. If both the <code title="attr-embed-type"><a href="#attr-embed-type" id="type_18">type</a></code> attribute and the <code title="attr-embed-src"><a href="#attr-embed-src" id="src_24">src</a></code> attribute are present, then the
  <code title="attr-embed-type"><a href="#attr-embed-type" id="type_19">type</a></code> attribute must specify the
  same type as the <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/fetching-resources.html#content-type" title='Read about this "explicit Content-Type metadata" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>explicit Content-Type
  metadata</a> of the resource given by the <code title="attr-embed-src"><a href="#attr-embed-src" id="src_25">src</a></code> attribute.<p>Any namespace-less attribute other than <code title="attr-embed-name"><a href="obsolete.html#attr-embed-name" id="name_58">name</a></code>, <code title="attr-embed-align"><a href="obsolete.html#attr-embed-align" id="align">align</a></code>, <code title="attr-embed-hspace"><a href="obsolete.html#attr-embed-hspace" id="hspace">hspace</a></code>, and <code title="attr-embed-vspace"><a href="obsolete.html#attr-embed-vspace" id="vspace">vspace</a></code>  may be specified on the <code><a href="#the-embed-element" id="embed_9">embed</a></code> element,
  so long as its name is <a href="infrastructure.html#xml-compatible" id="xml-compatible_1">XML-compatible</a> and contains no
  characters in the range U+0041 to U+005A (LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A to
  LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z). These attributes are then passed as
  parameters to the <a href="infrastructure.html#plugin" id="plugin_1">plugin</a>.<p class="note">All attributes in <a href="dom.html#html-documents" id="html-documents_22">HTML documents</a> get
  lowercased automatically, so the restriction on uppercase letters
  doesn't affect such documents.<p class="note">The four exceptions are to exclude legacy attributes
  that have side-effects beyond just sending parameters to the
  <a href="infrastructure.html#plugin" id="plugin_2">plugin</a>.<p>The <code><a href="#the-embed-element" id="embed_10">embed</a></code> element supports <a href="the-area-element.html#dimension-attributes" id="dimension-attributes_2">dimension
  attributes</a>.<div class="example">

   <p>Here's a way to embed a resource that requires a proprietary
   plug-in, like Flash:</p>

   <pre>&lt;embed src="catgame.swf"&gt;</pre>

   <p>If the user does not have the plug-in (for example if the
   plug-in vendor doesn't support the user's platform), then the user
   will be unable to use the resource.</p>

   <p>To pass the plugin a parameter "quality" with the value "high",
   an attribute can be specified:</p>

   <pre>&lt;embed src="catgame.swf" quality="high"&gt;</pre>

   <p>This would be equivalent to the following, when using an
   <code><a href="the-object-element.html#the-object-element" id="object_13">object</a></code> element instead:</p>

   <pre>&lt;object data="catgame.swf"&gt;
 &lt;param name="quality" value="high"&gt;
&lt;/object&gt;</pre>

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   <h1>HTML5 <span class="edition">Edition for Web Authors</span> <span class="rcsrevision">revision 1.4918</span></h1>
   </div><div>
   <a href="edits.html">&larr; 4.7 Edits</a> &ndash;
   <a href="Overview.html#contents">Table of contents</a> &ndash;
   <a href="the-del-element.html">4.7.2 The del element &rarr;</a>
  </div>

  <h4 id="the-ins-element"><span class="secno">4.7.1 </span>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>ins</code></dfn> element</h4><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_92">Flow content</a>.</dd>
   <dd>When the element only contains <a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_103">phrasing content</a>: <a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_104">phrasing content</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Contexts in which this element can be used:</dt>
   <dd>When the element only contains <a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_105">phrasing content</a>: where <a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_106">phrasing content</a> is expected.</dd>
   <dd>Otherwise: where <a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_93">flow content</a> is expected.</dd>
   <dt>Content model:</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#transparent" id="transparent_4">Transparent</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
   <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes" id="global-attributes_60">Global attributes</a></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-mod-cite"><a href="the-del-element.html#attr-mod-cite" id="cite_22">cite</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-mod-datetime"><a href="the-del-element.html#attr-mod-datetime" id="datetime_6">datetime</a></code></dd>
   <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
   <dd>Uses the <code><a href="the-del-element.html#htmlmodelement" id="htmlmodelement_0">HTMLModElement</a></code> interface.</dd>
  </dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-ins-element" id="ins_12">ins</a></code> element <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/rendering.html#represents" title='Read about this "represents" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>represents</a> an addition
  to the document.<div class="example">

   <p>The following represents the addition of a single paragraph:</p>

   <pre>&lt;aside&gt;
 &lt;ins&gt;
  &lt;p&gt; I like fruit. &lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/ins&gt;
&lt;/aside&gt;</pre>

   <p>As does this, because everything in the <code><a href="the-aside-element.html#the-aside-element" id="aside_6">aside</a></code>
   element here counts as <a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_107">phrasing content</a> and therefore
   there is just one <a href="content-models.html#paragraph" id="paragraph_9">paragraph</a>:</p>

   <pre>&lt;aside&gt;
 &lt;ins&gt;
  Apples are &lt;em&gt;tasty&lt;/em&gt;.
 &lt;/ins&gt;
 &lt;ins&gt;
  So are pears.
 &lt;/ins&gt;
&lt;/aside&gt;</pre>

  </div><p><code><a href="#the-ins-element" id="ins_13">ins</a></code> elements should not cross <a href="content-models.html#paragraph" id="paragraph_10" title="paragraph">implied paragraph</a> boundaries.<div class="example">

   <p>The following example represents the addition of two paragraphs,
   the second of which was inserted in two parts. The first
   <code><a href="#the-ins-element" id="ins_14">ins</a></code> element in this example thus crosses a paragraph
   boundary, which is considered poor form.</p>

   <pre class="bad">&lt;aside&gt;
 &lt;!-- don't do this --&gt;
 &lt;ins datetime="2005-03-16T00:00Z"&gt;
  &lt;p&gt; I like fruit. &lt;/p&gt;
  Apples are &lt;em&gt;tasty&lt;/em&gt;.
 &lt;/ins&gt;
 &lt;ins datetime="2007-12-19T00:00Z"&gt;
  So are pears.
 &lt;/ins&gt;
&lt;/aside&gt;</pre>

   <p>Here is a better way of marking this up. It uses more elements,
   but none of the elements cross implied paragraph boundaries.</p>

   <pre>&lt;aside&gt;
 &lt;ins datetime="2005-03-16T00:00Z"&gt;
  &lt;p&gt; I like fruit. &lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/ins&gt;
 &lt;ins datetime="2005-03-16T00:00Z"&gt;
  Apples are &lt;em&gt;tasty&lt;/em&gt;.
 &lt;/ins&gt;
 &lt;ins datetime="2007-12-19T00:00Z"&gt;
  So are pears.
 &lt;/ins&gt;
&lt;/aside&gt;</pre>

   
  </div>
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</script><link href="the-colgroup-element.html" rel="prev" title="4.9.3 The colgroup element">
  <link href="Overview.html#contents" rel="index" title="Table of contents">
  <link href="the-tbody-element.html" rel="next" title="4.9.5 The tbody element">
  <body class="split chapter" onload="fixBrokenLink(); init()"><div class="head" id="head">
   <p><a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img alt="W3C" height="48" src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" width="72"></a></p>

   <h1>HTML5 <span class="edition">Edition for Web Authors</span> <span class="rcsrevision">revision 1.4918</span></h1>
   </div><div>
   <a href="the-colgroup-element.html">&larr; 4.9.3 The colgroup element</a> &ndash;
   <a href="Overview.html#contents">Table of contents</a> &ndash;
   <a href="the-tbody-element.html">4.9.5 The tbody element &rarr;</a>
  </div>

  <h4 id="the-col-element"><span class="secno">4.9.4 </span>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>col</code></dfn> element</h4><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
   <dd>None.</dd>
   <dt>Contexts in which this element can be used:</dt>
   <dd>As a child of a <code><a href="the-colgroup-element.html#the-colgroup-element" id="colgroup_2">colgroup</a></code> element that doesn't have
   a <code title="attr-col-span"><a href="#attr-col-span" id="span_23">span</a></code> attribute.</dd>
   <dt>Content model:</dt>
   <dd>Empty.</dd>
   <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
   <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes" id="global-attributes_77">Global attributes</a></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-col-span"><a href="#attr-col-span" id="span_24">span</a></code></dd>
   
   <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
   <dd>
    <p><code><a href="the-colgroup-element.html#htmltablecolelement" id="htmltablecolelement_0">HTMLTableColElement</a></code>, same as for
    <code><a href="the-colgroup-element.html#the-colgroup-element" id="colgroup_3">colgroup</a></code> elements. This interface defines one member,
    <code title="dom-col-span"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/tabular-data.html#dom-col-span" title='Read about this "span" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>span</a></code>.</p>
   </dd>
  </dl><p>If a <code><a href="#the-col-element" id="col_1">col</a></code> element has a parent and that is a
  <code><a href="the-colgroup-element.html#the-colgroup-element" id="colgroup_4">colgroup</a></code> element that itself has a parent that is a
  <code><a href="the-table-element.html#the-table-element" id="table_12">table</a></code> element, then the <code><a href="#the-col-element" id="col_2">col</a></code> element
  <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/rendering.html#represents" title='Read about this "represents" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>represents</a> one or more <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/tabular-data.html#concept-column" title='Read about this "columns" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>columns</a> in the <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/tabular-data.html#concept-column-group" title='Read about this "column group" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>column group</a> represented by that
  <code><a href="the-colgroup-element.html#the-colgroup-element" id="colgroup_5">colgroup</a></code>.<p>The element may have a <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-col-span" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>span</code></dfn> content attribute
  specified, whose value must be a <a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#valid-non-negative-integer" id="valid-non-negative-integer_6">valid non-negative
  integer</a> greater than zero.
--- NEW FILE: the-em-element.html ---
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</script><link href="the-a-element.html" rel="prev" title="4.6.1 The a element">
  <link href="Overview.html#contents" rel="index" title="Table of contents">
  <link href="the-strong-element.html" rel="next" title="4.6.3 The strong element">
  <body class="split chapter" onload="fixBrokenLink(); init()"><div class="head" id="head">
   <p><a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img alt="W3C" height="48" src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" width="72"></a></p>

   <h1>HTML5 <span class="edition">Edition for Web Authors</span> <span class="rcsrevision">revision 1.4918</span></h1>
   </div><div>
   <a href="the-a-element.html">&larr; 4.6.1 The a element</a> &ndash;
   <a href="Overview.html#contents">Table of contents</a> &ndash;
   <a href="the-strong-element.html">4.6.3 The strong element &rarr;</a>
  </div>

  <h4 id="the-em-element"><span class="secno">4.6.2 </span>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>em</code></dfn> element</h4><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_68">Flow content</a>.</dd>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_30">Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Contexts in which this element can be used:</dt>
   <dd>Where <a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_31">phrasing content</a> is expected.</dd>
   <dt>Content model:</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_32">Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
   <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes" id="global-attributes_33">Global attributes</a></dd>
   <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
   <dd>Uses <code><a href="elements.html#htmlelement" id="htmlelement_40">HTMLElement</a></code>.</dd>
  </dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-em-element" id="em_1">em</a></code> element <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/rendering.html#represents" title='Read about this "represents" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>represents</a> stress
  emphasis of its contents.<p>The level of emphasis that a particular piece of content has is
  given by its number of ancestor <code><a href="#the-em-element" id="em_2">em</a></code> elements.<p>The placement of emphasis changes the meaning of the sentence.
  The element thus forms an integral part of the content. The precise
  way in which emphasis is used in this way depends on the
  language.<div class="example">

   <p>These examples show how changing the emphasis changes the
   meaning. First, a general statement of fact, with no emphasis:</p>

   <pre>&lt;p&gt;Cats are cute animals.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>

   <p>By emphasizing the first word, the statement implies that the
   kind of animal under discussion is in question (maybe someone is
   asserting that dogs are cute):</p>

   <pre>&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Cats&lt;/em&gt; are cute animals.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>

   <p>Moving the emphasis to the verb, one highlights that the truth
   of the entire sentence is in question (maybe someone is saying cats
   are not cute):</p>

   <pre>&lt;p&gt;Cats &lt;em&gt;are&lt;/em&gt; cute animals.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>

   <p>By moving it to the adjective, the exact nature of the cats
   is reasserted (maybe someone suggested cats were <em>mean</em>
   animals):</p>

   <pre>&lt;p&gt;Cats are &lt;em&gt;cute&lt;/em&gt; animals.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>

   <p>Similarly, if someone asserted that cats were vegetables,
   someone correcting this might emphasize the last word:</p>

   <pre>&lt;p&gt;Cats are cute &lt;em&gt;animals&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>

   <p>By emphasizing the entire sentence, it becomes clear that the
   speaker is fighting hard to get the point across. This kind of
   emphasis also typically affects the punctuation, hence the
   exclamation mark here.</p>

   <pre>&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Cats are cute animals!&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</pre>

   <p>Anger mixed with emphasizing the cuteness could lead to markup
   such as:</p>

   <pre>&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Cats are &lt;em&gt;cute&lt;/em&gt; animals!&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</pre>

  </div><div class="note">

   <p>The <code><a href="#the-em-element" id="em_3">em</a></code> element isn't a generic "italics"
   element. Sometimes, text is intended to stand out from the rest of
   the paragraph, as if it was in a different mood or voice. For this,
   the <code><a href="the-i-element.html#the-i-element" id="i_13">i</a></code> element is more appropriate.</p>

   <p>The <code><a href="#the-em-element" id="em_4">em</a></code> element also isn't intended to convey
   importance; for that purpose, the <code><a href="the-strong-element.html#the-strong-element" id="strong_1">strong</a></code> element is
   more appropriate.</p>

   
  </div>
--- NEW FILE: the-q-element.html ---
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</script><link href="the-cite-element.html" rel="prev" title="4.6.6 The cite element">
  <link href="Overview.html#contents" rel="index" title="Table of contents">
  <link href="the-dfn-element.html" rel="next" title="4.6.8 The dfn element">
  <body class="split chapter" onload="fixBrokenLink(); init()"><div class="head" id="head">
   <p><a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img alt="W3C" height="48" src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" width="72"></a></p>

   <h1>HTML5 <span class="edition">Edition for Web Authors</span> <span class="rcsrevision">revision 1.4918</span></h1>
   </div><div>
   <a href="the-cite-element.html">&larr; 4.6.6 The cite element</a> &ndash;
   <a href="Overview.html#contents">Table of contents</a> &ndash;
   <a href="the-dfn-element.html">4.6.8 The dfn element &rarr;</a>
  </div>

  <h4 id="the-q-element"><span class="secno">4.6.7 </span>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>q</code></dfn> element</h4><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_73">Flow content</a>.</dd>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_45">Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Contexts in which this element can be used:</dt>
   <dd>Where <a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_46">phrasing content</a> is expected.</dd>
   <dt>Content model:</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_47">Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
   <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes" id="global-attributes_38">Global attributes</a></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-q-cite"><a href="#attr-q-cite" id="cite_19">cite</a></code></dd>
   <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
   <dd>Uses <code><a href="the-blockquote-element.html#htmlquoteelement" id="htmlquoteelement_1">HTMLQuoteElement</a></code>.</dd>
  </dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-q-element" id="q_4">q</a></code> element <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/rendering.html#represents" title='Read about this "represents" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>represents</a> some <a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_48" title="phrasing content">phrasing content</a> quoted from another
  source.<p>Quotation punctuation (such as quotation marks) that is quoting
  the contents of the element must not appear immediately before,
  after, or inside <code><a href="#the-q-element" id="q_5">q</a></code> elements; they will be inserted into
  the rendering by the user agent.<p>Content inside a <code><a href="#the-q-element" id="q_6">q</a></code> element must be quoted from
  another source, whose address, if it has one, may be cited in the
  <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-q-cite" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>cite</code></dfn> attribute. The
  source may be fictional, as when quoting characters in a novel or
  screenplay.<p>If the <code title="attr-q-cite"><a href="#attr-q-cite" id="cite_20">cite</a></code> attribute is
  present, it must be a <a href="urls.html#valid-url-potentially-surrounded-by-spaces" id="valid-url-potentially-surrounded-by-spaces_2">valid URL potentially surrounded by
  spaces</a>. <p>The <code><a href="#the-q-element" id="q_7">q</a></code> element must not be used in place of quotation
  marks that do not represent quotes; for example, it is inappropriate
  to use the <code><a href="#the-q-element" id="q_8">q</a></code> element for marking up sarcastic
  statements.<p>The use of <code><a href="#the-q-element" id="q_9">q</a></code> elements to mark up quotations is
  entirely optional; using explicit quotation punctuation without
  <code><a href="#the-q-element" id="q_10">q</a></code> elements is just as correct.<div class="example">

   <p>Here is a simple example of the use of the <code><a href="#the-q-element" id="q_11">q</a></code>
   element:</p>

   <pre>&lt;p&gt;The man said &lt;q&gt;Things that are impossible just take
longer&lt;/q&gt;. I disagreed with him.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>

  </div><div class="example">

   <p>Here is an example with both an explicit citation link in the
   <code><a href="#the-q-element" id="q_12">q</a></code> element, and an explicit citation outside:</p>

   <pre>&lt;p&gt;The W3C page &lt;cite&gt;About W3C&lt;/cite&gt; says the W3C's
mission is &lt;q cite="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/"&gt;To lead the
World Wide Web to its full potential by developing protocols and
guidelines that ensure long-term growth for the Web&lt;/q&gt;. I
disagree with this mission.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>

  </div><div class="example">

   <p>In the following example, the quotation itself contains a
   quotation:</p>

   <pre>&lt;p&gt;In &lt;cite&gt;Example One&lt;/cite&gt;, he writes &lt;q&gt;The man
said &lt;q&gt;Things that are impossible just take longer&lt;/q&gt;. I
disagreed with him&lt;/q&gt;. Well, I disagree even more!&lt;/p&gt;</pre>

  </div><div class="example">

   <p>In the following example, quotation marks are used instead of
   the <code><a href="#the-q-element" id="q_13">q</a></code> element:</p>

   <pre>&lt;p&gt;His best argument was &#10077;I disagree&#10078;, which
I thought was laughable.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>

  </div><div class="example">

   <p>In the following example, there is no quote &mdash; the
   quotation marks are used to name a word. Use of the <code><a href="#the-q-element" id="q_14">q</a></code>
   element in this case would be inappropriate.</p>

   <pre>&lt;p&gt;The word "ineffable" could have been used to describe the disaster
resulting from the campaign's mismanagement.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>

  </div>
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</script><link href="the-meta-element.html" rel="prev" title="4.2.5 The meta element">
  <link href="Overview.html#contents" rel="index" title="Table of contents">
  <link href="scripting-1.html" rel="next" title="4.3 Scripting">
  <body class="split chapter" onload="fixBrokenLink(); init()"><div class="head" id="head">
   <p><a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img alt="W3C" height="48" src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" width="72"></a></p>

   <h1>HTML5 <span class="edition">Edition for Web Authors</span> <span class="rcsrevision">revision 1.4918</span></h1>
   </div><div>
   <a href="the-meta-element.html">&larr; 4.2.5 The meta element</a> &ndash;
   <a href="Overview.html#contents">Table of contents</a> &ndash;
   <a href="scripting-1.html">4.3 Scripting &rarr;</a>
  <ol class="toc"><li><ol><li><ol><li><a href="the-style-element.html#the-style-element" id="x4.2.6-the-style-element"><span class="secno">4.2.6 </span>The <code>style</code> element</a><li><a href="the-style-element.html#styling" id="x4.2.7-styling"><span class="secno">4.2.7 </span>Styling</a></ol></ol></ol></div>

  <h4 id="the-style-element"><span class="secno">4.2.6 </span>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>style</code></dfn> element</h4><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#metadata-content" id="metadata-content_10">Metadata content</a>.</dd>
   <dd>If the <code title="attr-style-scoped"><a href="#attr-style-scoped" id="scoped_0">scoped</a></code> attribute is present: <a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_8">flow content</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Contexts in which this element can be used:</dt>
   <dd>If the <code title="attr-style-scoped"><a href="#attr-style-scoped" id="scoped_1">scoped</a></code> attribute is absent: where <a href="content-models.html#metadata-content" id="metadata-content_11">metadata content</a> is expected.</dd>
   <dd>If the <code title="attr-style-scoped"><a href="#attr-style-scoped" id="scoped_2">scoped</a></code> attribute is absent: in a <code><a href="the-noscript-element.html#the-noscript-element" id="noscript_6">noscript</a></code> element that is a child of a <code><a href="the-head-element.html#the-head-element" id="head_18">head</a></code> element.</dd>
   <dd>If the <code title="attr-style-scoped"><a href="#attr-style-scoped" id="scoped_3">scoped</a></code> attribute is present: where <a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_9">flow content</a> is expected, but before any other <a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_10">flow content</a> other than other <code><a href="#the-style-element" id="style_16">style</a></code> elements and <a href="content-models.html#inter-element-whitespace" id="inter-element-whitespace_7">inter-element whitespace</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Content model:</dt>
   <dd>Depends on the value of the <code title="attr-style-type"><a href="#attr-style-type" id="type_2">type</a></code> attribute, but must match requirements described in prose below.</dd>
   <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
   <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes" id="global-attributes_6">Global attributes</a></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-style-media"><a href="#attr-style-media" id="media_3">media</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-style-type"><a href="#attr-style-type" id="type_3">type</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-style-scoped"><a href="#attr-style-scoped" id="scoped_4">scoped</a></code></dd>
   <dd>Also, the <code title="attr-style-title"><a href="#attr-style-title" id="title_61">title</a></code> attribute has special semantics on this element.</dd>
   <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
   <dd>
<pre class="idl">interface <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="htmlstyleelement" role="button" tabindex="0">HTMLStyleElement</dfn> : <a href="elements.html#htmlelement" id="htmlelement_13">HTMLElement</a> {
           attribute boolean <a href="#dom-style-disabled" id="dom-style-disabled_0" title="dom-style-disabled">disabled</a>;
           attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/semantics.html#dom-style-media" title='Read about this "media" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>media</a>;
           attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/semantics.html#dom-style-type" title='Read about this "type" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>type</a>;
           attribute boolean <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/semantics.html#dom-style-scoped" title='Read about this "scoped" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>scoped</a>;
};
<a href="#htmlstyleelement" id="htmlstyleelement_0">HTMLStyleElement</a> implements <span>LinkStyle</span>;</pre>
   </dd>
  </dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-style-element" id="style_17">style</a></code> element allows authors to embed style
  information in their documents. The <code><a href="#the-style-element" id="style_18">style</a></code> element is
  one of several inputs to the <a href="#styling" id="styling-processing-model_0">styling processing
  model</a>. The element does not <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/rendering.html#represents" title='Read about this "represent" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>represent</a> content for the user.<p>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-style-type" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>type</code></dfn>
  attribute gives the styling language. If the attribute is present,
  its value must be a <a href="infrastructure.html#valid-mime-type" id="valid-mime-type_2">valid MIME type</a> that designates a
  styling language. The <code title="">charset</code> parameter must
  not be specified. The default value for the <code title="attr-style-type"><a href="#attr-style-type" id="type_4">type</a></code> attribute, which is used if the
  attribute is absent, is "<code title="">text/css</code>". <a href="references.html#refsRFC2318">[RFC2318]</a><p>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-style-media" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>media</code></dfn>
  attribute says which media the styles apply to. The value must be a
  <a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#valid-media-query" id="valid-media-query_1">valid media query</a>.  <p id="style-default-media">The default, if the <code title="attr-style-media"><a href="#attr-style-media" id="media_4">media</a></code> attribute is omitted, is
  "<code title="">all</code>", meaning that by default styles apply to
  all media.<p>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-style-scoped" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>scoped</code></dfn>
  attribute is a <a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#boolean-attribute" id="boolean-attribute_0">boolean attribute</a>. If set, it indicates
  that the styles are intended just for the subtree rooted at the
  <code><a href="#the-style-element" id="style_19">style</a></code> element's parent element, as opposed to the whole
  <code><a href="infrastructure.html#document" id="document_57">Document</a></code>.<p id="title-on-style">The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-style-title" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>title</code></dfn> attribute on
  <code><a href="#the-style-element" id="style_20">style</a></code> elements defines <span>alternative style sheet
  sets</span>. If the <code><a href="#the-style-element" id="style_21">style</a></code> element has no <code title="attr-style-title"><a href="#attr-style-title" id="title_62">title</a></code> attribute, then it has no
  title; the <code title="attr-title"><a href="elements.html#the-title-attribute" id="title_7">title</a></code> attribute of
  ancestors does not apply to the <code><a href="#the-style-element" id="style_22">style</a></code> element. <a href="references.html#refsCSSOM">[CSSOM]</a><p class="note">The <code title="attr-style-title"><a href="#attr-style-title" id="title_63">title</a></code>
  attribute on <code><a href="#the-style-element" id="style_23">style</a></code> elements, like the <code title="attr-link-title"><a href="the-link-element.html#attr-link-title" id="title_60">title</a></code> attribute on <code><a href="the-link-element.html#the-link-element" id="link_20">link</a></code>
  elements, differs from the global <code title="attr-title"><a href="elements.html#the-title-attribute" id="title_8">title</a></code> attribute in that a
  <code><a href="#the-style-element" id="style_24">style</a></code> block without a title does not inherit the title
  of the parent element: it merely has no title.<p>The <code><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/infrastructure.html#textcontent" title='Read about this "textContent" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>textContent</a></code> of a <code><a href="#the-style-element" id="style_25">style</a></code> element must
  match the <code title="">style</code> production in the following
  ABNF, the character set for which is Unicode. <a href="references.html#refsABNF">[ABNF]</a><pre>style         = no-c-start *( c-start no-c-end c-end no-c-start )
no-c-start    = &lt;any string that doesn't contain a substring that matches c-start &gt;
c-start       = "&lt;!--"
no-c-end      = &lt;any string that doesn't contain a substring that matches c-end &gt;
c-end         = "--&gt;"</pre><p class="note">This specification does not specify a style system,
  but CSS is expected to be supported by most Web browsers. <a href="references.html#refsCSS">[CSS]</a><p>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="dom-style-disabled" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>disabled</code></dfn>
  IDL attribute behaves as defined <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/semantics.html#dom-linkstyle-disabled" title='Read about this "for the alternative style sheets DOM" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>for the alternative style sheets
  DOM</a>.<p>The <code>LinkStyle</code> interface is also implemented by
  this element; the <a href="#styling" id="styling-processing-model_1">styling processing model</a> defines
  how. <a href="references.html#refsCSSOM">[CSSOM]</a><div class="example">

   <p>The following document has its emphasis styled as bright red
   text rather than italics text, while leaving titles of works and
   Latin words in their default italics. It shows how using
   appropriate elements enables easier restyling of documents.</p>

   <pre>&lt;!DOCTYPE html&gt;
&lt;html lang="en-US"&gt;
 &lt;head&gt;
  &lt;title&gt;My favorite book&lt;/title&gt;
  &lt;style&gt;
   body { color: black; background: white; }
   em { font-style: normal; color: red; }
  &lt;/style&gt;
 &lt;/head&gt;
 &lt;body&gt;
  &lt;p&gt;My &lt;em&gt;favorite&lt;/em&gt; book of all time has &lt;em&gt;got&lt;/em&gt; to be
  &lt;cite&gt;A Cat's Life&lt;/cite&gt;. It is a book by P. Rahmel that talks
  about the &lt;i lang="la"&gt;Felis Catus&lt;/i&gt; in modern human society.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/body&gt;
&lt;/html&gt;</pre>

  </div><h4 id="styling"><span class="secno">4.2.7 </span><dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0">Styling</dfn></h4><p>The <code><a href="the-link-element.html#the-link-element" id="link_21">link</a></code> and <code><a href="#the-style-element" id="style_26">style</a></code> elements can provide
  styling information for the user agent to use when rendering the
  document. The DOM Styling specification specifies what styling
  information is to be used by the user agent and how it is to be
  used. <a href="references.html#refsCSSOM">[CSSOM]</a><p>The <code><a href="#the-style-element" id="style_27">style</a></code> and <code><a href="the-link-element.html#the-link-element" id="link_22">link</a></code> elements implement
  the <code>LinkStyle</code> interface. <a href="references.html#refsCSSOM">[CSSOM]</a>
--- NEW FILE: the-h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-and-h6-elements.html ---
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"><html lang="en-US-x-Hixie"><meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv="Content-Type"><title>4.4.6 The h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, and h6 elements &mdash; HTML5 (Edition for Web Authors)</title><meta content="width=device-width;" name="viewport"><meta content="IE=edge,chrome=1" http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible"><link href="whatwg.css" rel="stylesheet"><style type="text/css">
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   dt + dt { margin-top: 0; }
   dd dt { margin-top: 0.25em; margin-bottom: 0; }
   dd p { margin-top: 0; }
   dd dl + p { margin-top: 1em; }
   dd table + p { margin-top: 1em; }
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</script><link href="the-aside-element.html" rel="prev" title="4.4.5 The aside element">
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  <body class="split chapter" onload="fixBrokenLink(); init()"><div class="head" id="head">
   <p><a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img alt="W3C" height="48" src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" width="72"></a></p>

   <h1>HTML5 <span class="edition">Edition for Web Authors</span> <span class="rcsrevision">revision 1.4918</span></h1>
   </div><div>
   <a href="the-aside-element.html">&larr; 4.4.5 The aside element</a> &ndash;
   <a href="Overview.html#contents">Table of contents</a> &ndash;
   <a href="the-hgroup-element.html">4.4.7 The hgroup element &rarr;</a>
  </div>

  <h4 id="the-h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-and-h6-elements"><span class="secno">4.4.6 </span>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>h1</code></dfn>, <dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>h2</code></dfn>, <dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>h3</code></dfn>, <dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>h4</code></dfn>, <dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>h5</code></dfn>, and <dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>h6</code></dfn> elements</h4><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_26">Flow content</a>.</dd>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#heading-content" id="heading-content_2">Heading content</a>.</dd>
   <dd><a href="dnd.html#formatblock-candidate" id="formatblock-candidate_4"><code title="">formatBlock</code> candidate</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Contexts in which this element can be used:</dt>
   <dd>As a child of an <code><a href="the-hgroup-element.html#the-hgroup-element" id="hgroup_9">hgroup</a></code> element.</dd>
   <dd>Where <a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_27">flow content</a> is expected.</dd>
   <dt>Content model:</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_22">Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
   <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes" id="global-attributes_14">Global attributes</a></dd>
   <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
   <dd>
    <pre class="idl">interface <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="htmlheadingelement" role="button" tabindex="0">HTMLHeadingElement</dfn> : <a href="elements.html#htmlelement" id="htmlelement_21">HTMLElement</a> {};</pre>
   </dd>
  </dl><p>These elements <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/rendering.html#represents" title='Read about this "represent" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>represent</a> headings
  for their sections.<p>The semantics and meaning of these elements are defined in the
  section on <a href="the-address-element.html#headings-and-sections" id="headings-and-sections_1">headings and sections</a>.<p>These elements have a <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="rank" role="button" tabindex="0">rank</dfn> given by the number in
  their name. The <code><a href="#the-h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-and-h6-elements" id="h1_6">h1</a></code> element is said to have the highest
  rank, the <code><a href="#the-h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-and-h6-elements" id="h6_2">h6</a></code> element has the lowest rank, and two
  elements with the same name have equal rank.<div class="example">

   <p>These two snippets are equivalent:</p>

   <pre>&lt;body&gt;
&lt;h1&gt;Let's call it a draw(ing surface)&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;Diving in&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;Simple shapes&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;Canvas coordinates&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;Canvas coordinates diagram&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;Paths&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;/body&gt;</pre>

   <pre>&lt;body&gt;
 &lt;h1&gt;Let's call it a draw(ing surface)&lt;/h1&gt;
 &lt;section&gt;
  &lt;h1&gt;Diving in&lt;/h1&gt;
 &lt;/section&gt;
 &lt;section&gt;
  &lt;h1&gt;Simple shapes&lt;/h1&gt;
 &lt;/section&gt;
 &lt;section&gt;
  &lt;h1&gt;Canvas coordinates&lt;/h1&gt;
  &lt;section&gt;
   &lt;h1&gt;Canvas coordinates diagram&lt;/h1&gt;
  &lt;/section&gt;
 &lt;/section&gt;
 &lt;section&gt;
  &lt;h1&gt;Paths&lt;/h1&gt;
 &lt;/section&gt;
&lt;/body&gt;</pre>

  </div>
--- NEW FILE: the-abbr-element.html ---
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   <h1>HTML5 <span class="edition">Edition for Web Authors</span> <span class="rcsrevision">revision 1.4918</span></h1>
   </div><div>
   <a href="the-dfn-element.html">&larr; 4.6.8 The dfn element</a> &ndash;
   <a href="Overview.html#contents">Table of contents</a> &ndash;
   <a href="the-time-element.html">4.6.10 The time element &rarr;</a>
  </div>

  <h4 id="the-abbr-element"><span class="secno">4.6.9 </span>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>abbr</code></dfn> element</h4><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_75">Flow content</a>.</dd>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_52">Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Contexts in which this element can be used:</dt>
   <dd>Where <a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_53">phrasing content</a> is expected.</dd>
   <dt>Content model:</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_54">Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
   <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes" id="global-attributes_40">Global attributes</a></dd>
   <dd>Also, the <code title="attr-abbr-title"><a href="#attr-abbr-title" id="title_67">title</a></code> attribute has special semantics on this element.</dd>
   <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
   <dd>Uses <code><a href="elements.html#htmlelement" id="htmlelement_46">HTMLElement</a></code>.</dd>
  </dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-abbr-element" id="abbr_3">abbr</a></code> element <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/rendering.html#represents" title='Read about this "represents" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>represents</a> an
  abbreviation or acronym, optionally with its expansion. The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-abbr-title" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>title</code></dfn> attribute may be
  used to provide an expansion of the abbreviation. The attribute, if
  specified, must contain an expansion of the abbreviation, and
  nothing else.<div class="example">
   <p>The paragraph below contains an abbreviation marked up with the
   <code><a href="#the-abbr-element" id="abbr_4">abbr</a></code> element. This paragraph <a href="the-dfn-element.html#defining-term" id="defining-term_1" title="defining
   term">defines the term</a> "Web Hypertext Application Technology
   Working Group".</p>
   <pre>&lt;p&gt;The &lt;dfn id=whatwg&gt;&lt;abbr
title="Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group"&gt;WHATWG&lt;/abbr&gt;&lt;/dfn&gt;
is a loose unofficial collaboration of Web browser manufacturers and
interested parties who wish to develop new technologies designed to
allow authors to write and deploy Applications over the World Wide
Web.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
   <p>An alternative way to write this would be:</p>
   <pre>&lt;p&gt;The &lt;dfn id=whatwg&gt;Web Hypertext Application Technology
Working Group&lt;/dfn&gt; (&lt;abbr
title="Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group"&gt;WHATWG&lt;/abbr&gt;)
is a loose unofficial collaboration of Web browser manufacturers and
interested parties who wish to develop new technologies designed to
allow authors to write and deploy Applications over the World Wide
Web.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
  </div><div class="example">
   <p>This paragraph has two abbreviations. Notice how only one is
   defined; the other, with no expansion associated with it, does not
   use the <code><a href="#the-abbr-element" id="abbr_5">abbr</a></code> element.</p>
   <pre>&lt;p&gt;The
&lt;abbr title="Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group"&gt;WHATWG&lt;/abbr&gt;
started working on HTML5 in 2004.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
  </div><div class="example">
   <p>This paragraph links an abbreviation to its definition.</p>
   <pre>&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href="#whatwg"&gt;&lt;abbr
title="Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group"&gt;WHATWG&lt;/abbr&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
community does not have much representation from Asia.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
  </div><div class="example">
   <p>This paragraph marks up an abbreviation without giving an
   expansion, possibly as a hook to apply styles for abbreviations
   (e.g. smallcaps).</p>
   <pre>&lt;p&gt;Philip` and Dashiva both denied that they were going to
get the issue counts from past revisions of the specification to
backfill the &lt;abbr&gt;WHATWG&lt;/abbr&gt; issue graph.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
  </div><p>If an abbreviation is pluralized, the expansion's grammatical
  number (plural vs singular) must match the grammatical number of the
  contents of the element.<div class="example">

   <p>Here the plural is outside the element, so the expansion is in
   the singular:</p>

   <pre>&lt;p&gt;Two &lt;abbr title="Working Group"&gt;WG&lt;/abbr&gt;s worked on
this specification: the &lt;abbr&gt;WHATWG&lt;/abbr&gt; and the
&lt;abbr&gt;HTMLWG&lt;/abbr&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>

   <p>Here the plural is inside the element, so the expansion is in
   the plural:</p>

   <pre>&lt;p&gt;Two &lt;abbr title="Working Groups"&gt;WGs&lt;/abbr&gt; worked on
this specification: the &lt;abbr&gt;WHATWG&lt;/abbr&gt; and the
&lt;abbr&gt;HTMLWG&lt;/abbr&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>

  </div><p>Abbreviations do not have to be marked up using this element. It
  is expected to be useful in the following cases:<ul><li>Abbreviations for which the author wants to give expansions,
   where using the <code><a href="#the-abbr-element" id="abbr_6">abbr</a></code> element with a <code title="attr-title"><a href="elements.html#the-title-attribute" id="title_11">title</a></code> attribute is an alternative to
   including the expansion inline (e.g. in parentheses).</li>

   <li>Abbreviations that are likely to be unfamiliar to the
   document's readers, for which authors are encouraged to either mark
   up the abbreviation using a <code><a href="#the-abbr-element" id="abbr_7">abbr</a></code> element with a <code title="attr-title"><a href="elements.html#the-title-attribute" id="title_12">title</a></code> attribute or include the expansion
   inline in the text the first time the abbreviation is used.</li>

   <li>Abbreviations whose presence needs to be semantically
   annotated, e.g. so that they can be identified from a style sheet
   and given specific styles, for which the <code><a href="#the-abbr-element" id="abbr_8">abbr</a></code> element
   can be used without a <code title="attr-title"><a href="elements.html#the-title-attribute" id="title_13">title</a></code>
   attribute.</li>

  </ul><p title="note">Providing an expansion in a <code title="attr-title"><a href="elements.html#the-title-attribute" id="title_14">title</a></code> attribute once will not necessarily
  cause other <code><a href="#the-abbr-element" id="abbr_9">abbr</a></code> elements in the same document with the
  same contents but without a <code title="attr-title"><a href="elements.html#the-title-attribute" id="title_15">title</a></code>
  attribute to behave as if they had the same expansion. Every
  <code><a href="#the-abbr-element" id="abbr_10">abbr</a></code> element is independent.
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</script><link href="the-table-element.html" rel="prev" title="4.9.1 The table element">
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   <h1>HTML5 <span class="edition">Edition for Web Authors</span> <span class="rcsrevision">revision 1.4918</span></h1>
   </div><div>
   <a href="the-table-element.html">&larr; 4.9.1 The table element</a> &ndash;
   <a href="Overview.html#contents">Table of contents</a> &ndash;
   <a href="the-colgroup-element.html">4.9.3 The colgroup element &rarr;</a>
  </div>

  <h4 id="the-caption-element"><span class="secno">4.9.2 </span>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>caption</code></dfn> element</h4><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
   <dd>None.</dd>
   <dt>Contexts in which this element can be used:</dt>
   <dd>As the first element child of a <code><a href="the-table-element.html#the-table-element" id="table_4">table</a></code> element.</dd>
   <dt>Content model:</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_114">Flow content</a>, but with no descendant <code><a href="the-table-element.html#the-table-element" id="table_5">table</a></code> elements.</dd>
   <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
   <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes" id="global-attributes_75">Global attributes</a></dd>
   <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
   <dd>
<pre class="idl">interface <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="htmltablecaptionelement" role="button" tabindex="0">HTMLTableCaptionElement</dfn> : <a href="elements.html#htmlelement" id="htmlelement_83">HTMLElement</a> {};</pre>
   </dd>
  </dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-caption-element" id="caption_7">caption</a></code> element <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/rendering.html#represents" title='Read about this "represents" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>represents</a> the title of the
  <code><a href="the-table-element.html#the-table-element" id="table_6">table</a></code> that is its parent, if it has a parent and that
  is a <code><a href="the-table-element.html#the-table-element" id="table_7">table</a></code> element.<p>When a <code><a href="the-table-element.html#the-table-element" id="table_8">table</a></code> element is the only content in a
  <code><a href="the-figure-element.html#the-figure-element" id="figure_15">figure</a></code> element other than the <code><a href="the-figcaption-element.html#the-figcaption-element" id="figcaption_11">figcaption</a></code>,
  the <code><a href="#the-caption-element" id="caption_8">caption</a></code> element should be omitted in favor of the
  <code><a href="the-figcaption-element.html#the-figcaption-element" id="figcaption_12">figcaption</a></code>.<p>A caption can introduce context for a table, making it
  significantly easier to understand.<div class="example">

   <p>Consider, for instance, the following table:</p>

   <table class="dice-example"><tr><th>   <th> 1 <th> 2 <th> 3 <th> 4 <th> 5 <th> 6
    <tr><th> 1 <td> 2 <td> 3 <td> 4 <td> 5 <td> 6 <td> 7
    <tr><th> 2 <td> 3 <td> 4 <td> 5 <td> 6 <td> 7 <td> 8
    <tr><th> 3 <td> 4 <td> 5 <td> 6 <td> 7 <td> 8 <td> 9
    <tr><th> 4 <td> 5 <td> 6 <td> 7 <td> 8 <td> 9 <td> 10
    <tr><th> 5 <td> 6 <td> 7 <td> 8 <td> 9 <td> 10 <td> 11
    <tr><th> 6 <td> 7 <td> 8 <td> 9 <td> 10 <td> 11 <td> 12
   </table><p>In the abstract, this table is not clear. However, with a
   caption giving the table's number (for reference in the main prose)
   and explaining its use, it makes more sense:</p>

   <pre>&lt;caption&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Table 1.
&lt;p&gt;This table shows the total score obtained from rolling two
six-sided dice. The first row represents the value of the first die,
the first column the value of the second die. The total is given in
the cell that corresponds to the values of the two dice.
&lt;/caption&gt;</pre>


  </div>
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</script><link href="the-col-element.html" rel="prev" title="4.9.4 The col element">
  <link href="Overview.html#contents" rel="index" title="Table of contents">
  <link href="the-thead-element.html" rel="next" title="4.9.6 The thead element">
  <body class="split chapter" onload="fixBrokenLink(); init()"><div class="head" id="head">
   <p><a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img alt="W3C" height="48" src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" width="72"></a></p>

   <h1>HTML5 <span class="edition">Edition for Web Authors</span> <span class="rcsrevision">revision 1.4918</span></h1>
   </div><div>
   <a href="the-col-element.html">&larr; 4.9.4 The col element</a> &ndash;
   <a href="Overview.html#contents">Table of contents</a> &ndash;
   <a href="the-thead-element.html">4.9.6 The thead element &rarr;</a>
  </div>

  <h4 id="the-tbody-element"><span class="secno">4.9.5 </span>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>tbody</code></dfn> element</h4><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
   <dd>None.</dd>
   <dt>Contexts in which this element can be used:</dt>
   <dd>As a child of a <code><a href="the-table-element.html#the-table-element" id="table_13">table</a></code> element, after any
   <code><a href="the-caption-element.html#the-caption-element" id="caption_10">caption</a></code>, <code><a href="the-colgroup-element.html#the-colgroup-element" id="colgroup_6">colgroup</a></code>, and
   <code><a href="the-thead-element.html#the-thead-element" id="thead_6">thead</a></code> elements, but only if there are no
   <code><a href="the-tr-element.html#the-tr-element" id="tr_6">tr</a></code> elements that are children of the
   <code><a href="the-table-element.html#the-table-element" id="table_14">table</a></code> element.</dd>
   <dt>Content model:</dt>
   <dd>Zero or more <code><a href="the-tr-element.html#the-tr-element" id="tr_7">tr</a></code> elements</dd>
   <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
   <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes" id="global-attributes_78">Global attributes</a></dd>
   <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
   <dd>
    <pre class="idl">interface <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="htmltablesectionelement" role="button" tabindex="0">HTMLTableSectionElement</dfn> : <a href="elements.html#htmlelement" id="htmlelement_85">HTMLElement</a> {
  readonly attribute <a href="urls.html#htmlcollection" id="htmlcollection_27">HTMLCollection</a> <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/tabular-data.html#dom-tbody-rows" title='Read about this "rows" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>rows</a>;
  <a href="elements.html#htmlelement" id="htmlelement_86">HTMLElement</a> <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/tabular-data.html#dom-tbody-insertrow" title='Read about this "insertRow" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>insertRow</a>(in optional long index);
  void <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/tabular-data.html#dom-tbody-deleterow" title='Read about this "deleteRow" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>deleteRow</a>(in long index);
};</pre>
    <p>The <code><a href="#htmltablesectionelement" id="htmltablesectionelement_2">HTMLTableSectionElement</a></code> interface is also
    used for <code><a href="the-thead-element.html#the-thead-element" id="thead_7">thead</a></code> and <code><a href="the-tfoot-element.html#the-tfoot-element" id="tfoot_8">tfoot</a></code> elements.</p>
   </dd>
  </dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-tbody-element" id="tbody_4">tbody</a></code> element <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/rendering.html#represents" title='Read about this "represents" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>represents</a> a <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/tabular-data.html#concept-row-group" title='Read about this "block" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>block</a> of <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/tabular-data.html#concept-row" title='Read about this "rows" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>rows</a> that consist of a body of data for
  the parent <code><a href="the-table-element.html#the-table-element" id="table_15">table</a></code> element, if the <code><a href="#the-tbody-element" id="tbody_5">tbody</a></code>
  element has a parent and it is a <code><a href="the-table-element.html#the-table-element" id="table_16">table</a></code>.<dl class="domintro"><dt><var title="">tbody</var> . <code title="dom-tbody-rows"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/tabular-data.html#dom-tbody-rows" title='Read about this "rows" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>rows</a></code></dt>
   <dd>
    <p>Returns an <code><a href="urls.html#htmlcollection" id="htmlcollection_28">HTMLCollection</a></code> of the <code><a href="the-tr-element.html#the-tr-element" id="tr_8">tr</a></code> elements of the table section.</p>
   </dd>

   <dt><var title="">tr</var> = <var title="">tbody</var> . <code title="dom-tbody-insertRow"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/tabular-data.html#dom-tbody-insertrow" title='Read about this "insertRow" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>insertRow</a></code>( [ <var title="">index</var> ] )</dt>
   <dd>
    <p>Creates a <code><a href="the-tr-element.html#the-tr-element" id="tr_9">tr</a></code> element, inserts it into the table section at the position given by the argument, and returns the <code><a href="the-tr-element.html#the-tr-element" id="tr_10">tr</a></code>.</p>
    <p>The position is relative to the rows in the table section. The index &minus;1, which is the default if the argument is omitted, is equivalent to inserting at the end of the table section.</p>
    <p>If the given position is less than &minus;1 or greater than the number of rows, throws an <code><a href="urls.html#index_size_err" id="index_size_err_7">INDEX_SIZE_ERR</a></code> exception.</p>
   </dd>

   <dt><var title="">tbody</var> . <code title="dom-tbody-deleteRow"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/tabular-data.html#dom-tbody-deleterow" title='Read about this "deleteRow" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>deleteRow</a></code>(<var title="">index</var>)</dt>
   <dd>
    <p>Removes the <code><a href="the-tr-element.html#the-tr-element" id="tr_11">tr</a></code> element with the given position in the table section.</p>
    <p>The position is relative to the rows in the table section. The index &minus;1 is equivalent to deleting the last row of the table section.</p>
    <p>If the given position is less than &minus;1 or greater than the index of the last row, or if there are no rows, throws an <code><a href="urls.html#index_size_err" id="index_size_err_8">INDEX_SIZE_ERR</a></code> exception.</p>
   </dd>

  </dl>
--- NEW FILE: the-td-element.html ---
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</script><link href="the-tr-element.html" rel="prev" title="4.9.8 The tr element">
  <link href="Overview.html#contents" rel="index" title="Table of contents">
  <link href="the-th-element.html" rel="next" title="4.9.10 The th element">
  <body class="split chapter" onload="fixBrokenLink(); init()"><div class="head" id="head">
   <p><a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img alt="W3C" height="48" src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" width="72"></a></p>

   <h1>HTML5 <span class="edition">Edition for Web Authors</span> <span class="rcsrevision">revision 1.4918</span></h1>
   </div><div>
   <a href="the-tr-element.html">&larr; 4.9.8 The tr element</a> &ndash;
   <a href="Overview.html#contents">Table of contents</a> &ndash;
   <a href="the-th-element.html">4.9.10 The th element &rarr;</a>
  </div>

  <h4 id="the-td-element"><span class="secno">4.9.9 </span>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>td</code></dfn> element</h4><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
   <dd><a href="the-address-element.html#sectioning-root" id="sectioning-root_8">Sectioning root</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Contexts in which this element can be used:</dt>
   <dd>As a child of a <code><a href="the-tr-element.html#the-tr-element" id="tr_18">tr</a></code> element.</dd>
   <dt>Content model:</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_115">Flow content</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
   <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes" id="global-attributes_82">Global attributes</a></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-tdth-colspan"><a href="the-th-element.html#attr-tdth-colspan" id="colspan">colspan</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-tdth-rowspan"><a href="the-th-element.html#attr-tdth-rowspan" id="rowspan">rowspan</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-tdth-headers"><a href="the-th-element.html#attr-tdth-headers" id="headers_0">headers</a></code></dd>
   
   <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
   <dd>
    <pre class="idl">interface <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="htmltabledatacellelement" role="button" tabindex="0">HTMLTableDataCellElement</dfn> : <a href="the-th-element.html#htmltablecellelement" id="htmltablecellelement_0">HTMLTableCellElement</a> {};</pre>
   </dd>
  </dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-td-element" id="td_12">td</a></code> element <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/rendering.html#represents" title='Read about this "represents" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>represents</a> a data <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/tabular-data.html#concept-cell" title='Read about this "cell" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>cell</a> in a table.
Index: spec.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /sources/public/html5/spec-author-view/spec.html,v
retrieving revision 1.1434
retrieving revision 1.1435
diff -u -d -r1.1434 -r1.1435
--- spec.html	6 May 2011 23:54:22 -0000	1.1434
+++ spec.html	7 May 2011 14:53:59 -0000	1.1435
@@ -646,7 +646,7 @@
      <li><a href="#the-title-element" id="x4.2.2-the-title-element"><span class="secno">4.2.2 </span>The <code>title</code> element</a></li>
      <li><a href="#the-base-element" id="x4.2.3-the-base-element"><span class="secno">4.2.3 </span>The <code>base</code> element</a></li>
      <li><a href="#the-link-element" id="x4.2.4-the-link-element"><span class="secno">4.2.4 </span>The <code>link</code> element</a></li>
-     <li><a href="#the-meta-element"><span class="secno">4.2.5 </span>The <code>meta</code> element</a>
+     <li><a href="#the-meta-element" id="x4.2.5-the-meta-element"><span class="secno">4.2.5 </span>The <code>meta</code> element</a>
       <ol><li><a href="#standard-metadata-names"><span class="secno">4.2.5.1 </span>Standard metadata names</a></li>
        <li><a href="#other-metadata-names"><span class="secno">4.2.5.2 </span>Other metadata names</a></li>
        <li><a href="#pragma-directives"><span class="secno">4.2.5.3 </span>Pragma directives</a></li>
@@ -655,7 +655,7 @@
      <li><a href="#the-style-element" id="x4.2.6-the-style-element"><span class="secno">4.2.6 </span>The <code>style</code> element</a></li>
      <li><a href="#styling" id="x4.2.7-styling"><span class="secno">4.2.7 </span>Styling</a></li></ol></li>
[...19160 lines suppressed...]
 </dd>
-</dl><dl id="the-xml:base-attribute-xml-only_index"><dt><span aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0" title="attr-xml-base"><code>xml:base</code></span>
+</dl><dl id="the-xml:base-attribute-xml-only_index"><dt><span aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>xml:base</code></span>
 </dt>
 
 <dd>
-<a class="dfn-ref" href="#the-xml:base-attribute-xml-only"><span class="secno">3.2.3.4 </span>The <span title="attr-xml-base"><code>xml:base</code></span>
+<a class="dfn-ref" href="#the-xml:base-attribute-xml-only"><span class="secno">3.2.3.4 </span>The <span><code>xml:base</code></span>
   attribute (XML only)</a>
 <a class="index-counter" href="#xml:base">(2)</a>
 <a class="index-counter" href="#xml:base_0">(3)</a>
@@ -54782,7 +56342,7 @@
   lists</a> and the <a href="http://www.whatwg.org/mailing-list">various WHATWG lists</a>.
 
   </p><p>Special thanks to Richard Williamson for creating the first
-  implementation of <code><a href="#the-canvas-element">canvas</a></code> in Safari, from which the
+  implementation of <code><a href="#the-canvas-element" id="canvas_25">canvas</a></code> in Safari, from which the
   canvas feature was designed.</p><p>Special thanks also to the Microsoft employees who first
   implemented the event-based drag-and-drop mechanism, <code title="attr-contenteditable"><a href="#attr-contenteditable" id="contenteditable_3">contenteditable</a></code>, and other
   features first widely deployed by the Windows Internet Explorer

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   <h1>HTML5 <span class="edition">Edition for Web Authors</span> <span class="rcsrevision">revision 1.4918</span></h1>
   </div><div>
   <a href="the-title-element.html">&larr; 4.2.2 The title element</a> &ndash;
   <a href="Overview.html#contents">Table of contents</a> &ndash;
   <a href="the-link-element.html">4.2.4 The link element &rarr;</a>
  </div>

  <h4 id="the-base-element"><span class="secno">4.2.3 </span>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>base</code></dfn> element</h4><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#metadata-content" id="metadata-content_5">Metadata content</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Contexts in which this element can be used:</dt>
   <dd>In a <code><a href="the-head-element.html#the-head-element" id="head_10">head</a></code> element containing no other <code><a href="#the-base-element" id="base_2">base</a></code> elements.</dd>
   <dt>Content model:</dt>
   <dd>Empty.</dd>
   <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
   <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes" id="global-attributes_3">Global attributes</a></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-base-href"><a href="#attr-base-href" id="href">href</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-base-target"><a href="#attr-base-target" id="target">target</a></code></dd>
   <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
   <dd>
<pre class="idl">interface <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="htmlbaseelement" role="button" tabindex="0">HTMLBaseElement</dfn> : <a href="elements.html#htmlelement" id="htmlelement_10">HTMLElement</a> {
           attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/semantics.html#dom-base-href" title='Read about this "href" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>href</a>;
           attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/semantics.html#dom-base-target" title='Read about this "target" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>target</a>;
};</pre>
   </dd>
  </dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-base-element" id="base_3">base</a></code> element allows authors to specify the
  <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/urls.html#document-base-url" title='Read about this "document base URL" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>document base URL</a> for the purposes of <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/urls.html#resolve-a-url" title='Read about this "resolving relative URLs" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>resolving relative URLs</a>, and the name
  of the default <a href="browsers.html#browsing-context" id="browsing-context_4">browsing context</a> for the purposes of
  <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/links.html#following-hyperlinks" title='Read about this "following hyperlinks" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>following hyperlinks</a>. The element does not <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/rendering.html#represents" title='Read about this "represent" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>represent</a> any content beyond this
  information.<p>There must be no more than one <code><a href="#the-base-element" id="base_4">base</a></code> element per
  document.<p>A <code><a href="#the-base-element" id="base_5">base</a></code> element must have either an <code title="attr-base-href"><a href="#attr-base-href" id="href_0">href</a></code> attribute, a <code title="attr-base-target"><a href="#attr-base-target" id="target_0">target</a></code> attribute, or both.<p>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-base-href" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>href</code></dfn> content
  attribute, if specified, must contain a <a href="urls.html#valid-url-potentially-surrounded-by-spaces" id="valid-url-potentially-surrounded-by-spaces_0">valid URL potentially
  surrounded by spaces</a>.<p>A <code><a href="#the-base-element" id="base_6">base</a></code> element, if it has an <code title="attr-base-href"><a href="#attr-base-href" id="href_1">href</a></code> attribute, must come before any
  other elements in the tree that have attributes defined as taking
  <a href="urls.html#url" id="url_9" title="URL">URLs</a>, except the <code><a href="the-html-element.html#the-html-element" id="html_6">html</a></code> element
  (its <code title="attr-html-manifest"><a href="the-html-element.html#attr-html-manifest" id="manifest_2">manifest</a></code> attribute
  isn't affected by <code><a href="#the-base-element" id="base_7">base</a></code> elements).<p>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-base-target" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>target</code></dfn>
  attribute, if specified, must contain a <a href="browsers.html#valid-browsing-context-name-or-keyword" id="valid-browsing-context-name-or-keyword_0">valid browsing context
  name or keyword</a>, which specifies which <a href="browsers.html#browsing-context" id="browsing-context_5">browsing
  context</a> is to be used as the default when <a href="links.html#hyperlink" id="hyperlink_4" title="hyperlink">hyperlinks</a> and <a href="the-form-element.html#the-form-element" id="form_11" title="form">forms</a> in the <code><a href="infrastructure.html#document" id="document_56">Document</a></code> cause <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/history.html#navigate" title='Read about this "navigation" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>navigation</a>.<p>A <code><a href="#the-base-element" id="base_8">base</a></code> element, if it has a <code title="attr-base-target"><a href="#attr-base-target" id="target_1">target</a></code> attribute, must come before
  any elements in the tree that represent <a href="links.html#hyperlink" id="hyperlink_5" title="hyperlink">hyperlinks</a>.<div class="example">

   <p>In this example, a <code><a href="#the-base-element" id="base_9">base</a></code> element is used to set the
   <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/urls.html#document-base-url" title='Read about this "document base URL" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>document base URL</a>:</p>

   <pre>&lt;!DOCTYPE html&gt;
&lt;html&gt;
    &lt;head&gt;
        &lt;title&gt;This is an example for the &amp;lt;base&amp;gt; element&lt;/title&gt;
        &lt;base href="http://www.example.com/news/index.html"&gt;
    &lt;/head&gt;
    &lt;body&gt;
        &lt;p&gt;Visit the &lt;a href="archives.html"&gt;archives&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
    &lt;/body&gt;
&lt;/html&gt;</pre>

   <p>The link in the above example would be a link to "<code title="">http://www.example.com/news/archives.html</code>".</p>

  </div>
--- NEW FILE: the-menu-element.html ---
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</script><link href="the-command-element.html" rel="prev" title="4.11.3 The command element">
  <link href="Overview.html#contents" rel="index" title="Table of contents">
  <link href="commands.html" rel="next" title="4.11.5 Commands">
  <body class="split chapter" onload="fixBrokenLink(); init()"><div class="head" id="head">
   <p><a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img alt="W3C" height="48" src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" width="72"></a></p>

   <h1>HTML5 <span class="edition">Edition for Web Authors</span> <span class="rcsrevision">revision 1.4918</span></h1>
   </div><div>
   <a href="the-command-element.html">&larr; 4.11.3 The command element</a> &ndash;
   <a href="Overview.html#contents">Table of contents</a> &ndash;
   <a href="commands.html">4.11.5 Commands &rarr;</a>
  <ol class="toc"><li><ol><li><ol><li><a href="the-menu-element.html#the-menu-element" id="x4.11.4-the-menu-element"><span class="secno">4.11.4 </span>The <code>menu</code> element</a>
      <ol><li><a href="the-menu-element.html#menus-intro"><span class="secno">4.11.4.1 </span>Introduction</a><li><a href="the-menu-element.html#context-menus" id="x4.11.4.3-context-menus"><span class="secno">4.11.4.3 </span>Context menus</a></ol></ol></ol></ol></div>

  <h4 id="the-menu-element"><span class="secno">4.11.4 </span>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>menu</code></dfn> element</h4><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_137">Flow content</a>.</dd>
   <dd>If the element's <code title="attr-menu-type"><a href="#attr-menu-type" id="type_91">type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href="#toolbar-state" id="toolbar-state_2" title="toolbar state">toolbar</a> state: <a href="content-models.html#interactive-content" id="interactive-content_19">Interactive content</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Contexts in which this element can be used:</dt>
   <dd>Where <a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_138">flow content</a> is expected.</dd>
   <dt>Content model:</dt>
   <dd>Either: Zero or more <code><a href="the-li-element.html#the-li-element" id="li_13">li</a></code> elements.</dd>
   <dd>Or: <a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_139">Flow content</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
   <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes" id="global-attributes_102">Global attributes</a></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-menu-type"><a href="#attr-menu-type" id="type_92">type</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-menu-label"><a href="#attr-menu-label" id="label_39">label</a></code></dd>
   <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
   <dd>
<pre class="idl">interface <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="htmlmenuelement" role="button" tabindex="0">HTMLMenuElement</dfn> : <a href="elements.html#htmlelement" id="htmlelement_113">HTMLElement</a> {
           attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/interactive-elements.html#dom-menu-type" title='Read about this "type" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>type</a>;
           attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/interactive-elements.html#dom-menu-label" title='Read about this "label" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>label</a>;
};</pre>
  </dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-menu-element" id="menu_13">menu</a></code> element represents a list of commands.<p>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-menu-type" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>type</code></dfn> attribute
  is an <a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#enumerated-attribute" id="enumerated-attribute_15">enumerated attribute</a> indicating the kind of menu
  being declared. The attribute has three states. The <code title="attr-menu-type-context">context</code> keyword maps to the
  <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="context-menu-state" role="button" tabindex="0">context menu</dfn> state, in which
  the element is declaring a context menu. The <code title="attr-menu-type-toolbar">toolbar</code> keyword maps to the
  <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="toolbar-state" role="button" tabindex="0">toolbar</dfn> state, in which the
  element is declaring a toolbar. The attribute may also be
  omitted. The <i>missing value default</i> is the <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="list-state" role="button" tabindex="0">list</dfn> state, which indicates that the element is merely
  a list of commands that is neither declaring a context menu nor
  defining a toolbar.<p>If a <code><a href="#the-menu-element" id="menu_14">menu</a></code> element's <code title="attr-menu-type"><a href="#attr-menu-type" id="type_93">type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href="#context-menu-state" id="context-menu-state_1" title="context menu state">context menu</a> state, then the
  element <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/rendering.html#represents" title='Read about this "represents" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>represents</a> the commands of a context menu, and
  the user can only interact with the commands if that context menu is
  activated.<p>If a <code><a href="#the-menu-element" id="menu_15">menu</a></code> element's <code title="attr-menu-type"><a href="#attr-menu-type" id="type_94">type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href="#toolbar-state" id="toolbar-state_3" title="toolbar state">toolbar</a> state, then the element
  <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/rendering.html#represents" title='Read about this "represents" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>represents</a> a list of active commands that the user can
  immediately interact with.<p>If a <code><a href="#the-menu-element" id="menu_16">menu</a></code> element's <code title="attr-menu-type"><a href="#attr-menu-type" id="type_95">type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href="#list-state" id="list-state_4" title="list state">list</a> state, then the element either
  <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/rendering.html#represents" title='Read about this "represents" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>represents</a> an unordered list of items (each represented
  by an <code><a href="the-li-element.html#the-li-element" id="li_14">li</a></code> element), each of which represents a command
  that the user can perform or activate, or, if the element has no
  <code><a href="the-li-element.html#the-li-element" id="li_15">li</a></code> element children, <a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_140">flow content</a>
  describing available commands.<p>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-menu-label" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>label</code></dfn>
  attribute gives the label of the menu. It is used by user agents to
  display nested menus in the UI. For example, a context menu
  containing another menu would use the nested menu's <code title="attr-menu-label"><a href="#attr-menu-label" id="label_40">label</a></code> attribute for the submenu's
  menu label.<h5 id="menus-intro"><span class="secno">4.11.4.1 </span>Introduction</h5><p>The <code><a href="#the-menu-element" id="menu_17">menu</a></code> element is used to define context menus and
  toolbars.<p>For example, the following represents a toolbar with three menu
  buttons on it, each of which has a dropdown menu with a series of
  options:<pre>&lt;menu type="toolbar"&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;
  &lt;menu label="File"&gt;
   &lt;button type="button" onclick="fnew()"&gt;New...&lt;/button&gt;
   &lt;button type="button" onclick="fopen()"&gt;Open...&lt;/button&gt;
   &lt;button type="button" onclick="fsave()"&gt;Save&lt;/button&gt;
   &lt;button type="button" onclick="fsaveas()"&gt;Save as...&lt;/button&gt;
  &lt;/menu&gt;
 &lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;
  &lt;menu label="Edit"&gt;
   &lt;button type="button" onclick="ecopy()"&gt;Copy&lt;/button&gt;
   &lt;button type="button" onclick="ecut()"&gt;Cut&lt;/button&gt;
   &lt;button type="button" onclick="epaste()"&gt;Paste&lt;/button&gt;
  &lt;/menu&gt;
 &lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;
  &lt;menu label="Help"&gt;
   &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="help.html"&gt;Help&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
   &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="about.html"&gt;About&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/menu&gt;
 &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/menu&gt;</pre><p>In a supporting user agent, this might look like this:<p><img alt="A toolbar with three buttons, labeled 'File', 'Edit', and 'Help'; where if you select the 'Edit' button you get a drop-down menu with three more options, 'Copy', 'Cut', and 'Paste'." height="101" src="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/images/sample-toolbar-1.png" width="303"><p>In a legacy user agent, the above would look like a bulleted list
  with three items, the first of which has four buttons, the second of
  which has three, and the third of which has two nested bullet points
  with two items consisting of links.<hr><p>The following implements a similar toolbar, with a single button
  whose values, when selected, redirect the user to Web sites.<pre>&lt;form action="redirect.cgi"&gt;
 &lt;menu type="toolbar"&gt;
  &lt;label for="goto"&gt;Go to...&lt;/label&gt;
  &lt;menu label="Go"&gt;
   &lt;select id="goto"&gt;
    &lt;option value="" selected="selected"&gt; Select site: &lt;/option&gt;
    &lt;option value="http://www.apple.com/"&gt; Apple &lt;/option&gt;
    &lt;option value="http://www.mozilla.org/"&gt; Mozilla &lt;/option&gt;
    &lt;option value="http://www.opera.com/"&gt; Opera &lt;/option&gt;
   &lt;/select&gt;
   &lt;span&gt;&lt;input type="submit" value="Go"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
  &lt;/menu&gt;
 &lt;/menu&gt;
&lt;/form&gt;</pre><p>The behavior in supporting user agents is similar to the example
  above, but here the legacy behavior consists of a single
  <code><a href="the-select-element.html#the-select-element" id="select_43">select</a></code> element with a submit button. The submit button
  doesn't appear in the toolbar, because it is not a direct child of
  the <code><a href="#the-menu-element" id="menu_18">menu</a></code> element or of its <code><a href="the-li-element.html#the-li-element" id="li_16">li</a></code>
  children.<h5 id="context-menus"><span class="secno">4.11.4.2 </span><dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0">Context menus</dfn></h5><p>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-contextmenu" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>contextmenu</code></dfn>
  attribute gives the element's <a href="#context-menus" id="context-menus_0" title="context menus">context
  menu</a>. The value must be the <a href="elements.html#concept-id" id="concept-id_21" title="concept-id">ID</a> of a <code><a href="#the-menu-element" id="menu_19">menu</a></code> element
  in the DOM. <div class="example">

   <p>Here is an example of a context menu for an input control:</p>

   <pre>&lt;form name="npc"&gt;
 &lt;label&gt;Character name: &lt;input name=char type=text contextmenu=namemenu required&gt;&lt;/label&gt;
 &lt;menu type=context id=namemenu&gt;
  &lt;command label="Pick random name" onclick="document.forms.npc.elements.char.value = getRandomName()"&gt;
  &lt;command label="Prefill other fields based on name" onclick="prefillFields(document.forms.npc.elements.char.value)"&gt;
 &lt;/menu&gt;
&lt;/form&gt;</pre>

   <p>This adds two items to the control's context menu, one called
   "Pick random name", and one called "Prefill other fields based on
   name". They invoke scripts that are not shown in the example
   above.</p>

  </div>
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</script><link href="the-script-element.html" rel="prev" title="4.3.1 The script element">
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   <h1>HTML5 <span class="edition">Edition for Web Authors</span> <span class="rcsrevision">revision 1.4918</span></h1>
   </div><div>
   <a href="the-script-element.html">&larr; 4.3.1 The script element</a> &ndash;
   <a href="Overview.html#contents">Table of contents</a> &ndash;
   <a href="sections.html">4.4 Sections &rarr;</a>
  </div>

  <h4 id="the-noscript-element"><span class="secno">4.3.2 </span>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>noscript</code></dfn> element</h4><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#metadata-content" id="metadata-content_14">Metadata content</a>.</dd>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_12">Flow content</a>.</dd>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_20">Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Contexts in which this element can be used:</dt>
   <dd>In a <code><a href="the-head-element.html#the-head-element" id="head_19">head</a></code> element of an <a href="dom.html#html-documents" id="html-documents_17" title="HTML documents">HTML document</a>, if there are no ancestor <code><a href="#the-noscript-element" id="noscript_7">noscript</a></code> elements.</dd>
   <dd>Where <a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_21">phrasing content</a> is expected in <a href="dom.html#html-documents" id="html-documents_18">HTML documents</a>, if there are no ancestor <code><a href="#the-noscript-element" id="noscript_8">noscript</a></code> elements.</dd>
   <dt>Content model:</dt>
   <dd>When <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/webappapis.html#concept-n-noscript" title='Read about this "scripting is disabled" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>scripting is disabled</a>, in a <code><a href="the-head-element.html#the-head-element" id="head_20">head</a></code> element: in any order, zero or more <code><a href="the-link-element.html#the-link-element" id="link_23">link</a></code> elements, zero or more <code><a href="the-style-element.html#the-style-element" id="style_28">style</a></code> elements, and zero or more <code><a href="the-meta-element.html#the-meta-element" id="meta_28">meta</a></code> elements.</dd>
   <dd>When <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/webappapis.html#concept-n-noscript" title='Read about this "scripting is disabled" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>scripting is disabled</a>, not in a <code><a href="the-head-element.html#the-head-element" id="head_21">head</a></code> element: <a href="content-models.html#transparent" id="transparent_1">transparent</a>, but there must be no <code><a href="#the-noscript-element" id="noscript_9">noscript</a></code> element descendants.</dd>
   <dd>Otherwise: text that conforms to the requirements given in the prose.</dd>
   <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
   <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes" id="global-attributes_8">Global attributes</a></dd>
   <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
   <dd>Uses <code><a href="elements.html#htmlelement" id="htmlelement_15">HTMLElement</a></code>.</dd>
  </dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-noscript-element" id="noscript_10">noscript</a></code> element <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/rendering.html#represents" title='Read about this "represents" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>represents</a> nothing
  if <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/webappapis.html#concept-n-script" title='Read about this "scripting is enabled" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>scripting is enabled</a>, and
  <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/rendering.html#represents" title='Read about this "represents" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>represents</a> its children if <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/webappapis.html#concept-n-noscript" title='Read about this "scripting is disabled" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>scripting is disabled</a>. It is used
  to present different markup to user agents that support scripting
  and those that don't support scripting, by affecting how the
  document is parsed.<p>When used in <a href="dom.html#html-documents" id="html-documents_19">HTML documents</a>, the allowed content
  model is as follows:<dl><dt>In a <code><a href="the-head-element.html#the-head-element" id="head_22">head</a></code> element, if <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/webappapis.html#concept-n-noscript" title='Read about this "scripting is disabled" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>scripting is disabled</a> for the
   <code><a href="#the-noscript-element" id="noscript_11">noscript</a></code> element</dt>

   <dd><p>The <code><a href="#the-noscript-element" id="noscript_12">noscript</a></code> element must contain only
   <code><a href="the-link-element.html#the-link-element" id="link_24">link</a></code>, <code><a href="the-style-element.html#the-style-element" id="style_29">style</a></code>, and <code><a href="the-meta-element.html#the-meta-element" id="meta_29">meta</a></code>
   elements.</dd>

   <dt>In a <code><a href="the-head-element.html#the-head-element" id="head_23">head</a></code> element, if <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/webappapis.html#concept-n-script" title='Read about this "scripting is enabled" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>scripting is enabled</a> for the
   <code><a href="#the-noscript-element" id="noscript_13">noscript</a></code> element</dt>

   <dd><p>The <code><a href="#the-noscript-element" id="noscript_14">noscript</a></code> element must contain only text,
   except that invoking the <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-end.html#html-fragment-parsing-algorithm" title='Read about this "HTML fragment parsing algorithm" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>HTML fragment parsing
   algorithm</a>  with
   the <code><a href="#the-noscript-element" id="noscript_15">noscript</a></code> element as the <var title="concept-frag-parse-context"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-end.html#concept-frag-parse-context" title='Read about this "context" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>context</a></var> element and the
   text contents as the <var title="">input</var> must result in a
   list of nodes that consists only of <code><a href="the-link-element.html#the-link-element" id="link_25">link</a></code>,
   <code><a href="the-style-element.html#the-style-element" id="style_30">style</a></code>, and <code><a href="the-meta-element.html#the-meta-element" id="meta_30">meta</a></code> elements that would be
   conforming if they were children of the <code><a href="#the-noscript-element" id="noscript_16">noscript</a></code>
   element, and no <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/parsing.html#parse-error" title='Read about this "parse errors" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>parse
   errors</a>.</dd>

   <dt>Outside of <code><a href="the-head-element.html#the-head-element" id="head_24">head</a></code> elements, if <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/webappapis.html#concept-n-noscript" title='Read about this "scripting is disabled" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>scripting is disabled</a> for the
   <code><a href="#the-noscript-element" id="noscript_17">noscript</a></code> element</dt>

   <dd><p>The <code><a href="#the-noscript-element" id="noscript_18">noscript</a></code> element's content model is
   <a href="content-models.html#transparent" id="transparent_2">transparent</a>, with the additional restriction that a
   <code><a href="#the-noscript-element" id="noscript_19">noscript</a></code> element must not have a <code><a href="#the-noscript-element" id="noscript_20">noscript</a></code>
   element as an ancestor (that is, <code><a href="#the-noscript-element" id="noscript_21">noscript</a></code> can't be
   nested).</dd>

   <dt>Outside of <code><a href="the-head-element.html#the-head-element" id="head_25">head</a></code> elements, if <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/webappapis.html#concept-n-script" title='Read about this "scripting is enabled" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>scripting is enabled</a> for the
   <code><a href="#the-noscript-element" id="noscript_22">noscript</a></code> element</dt>

   <dd>

    <p>The <code><a href="#the-noscript-element" id="noscript_23">noscript</a></code> element must contain only text,
    except that the text must be such that running the following
    algorithm results in a conforming document with no
    <code><a href="#the-noscript-element" id="noscript_24">noscript</a></code> elements and no <code><a href="the-script-element.html#the-script-element" id="script_26">script</a></code>
    elements, and such that no step in the algorithm causes an
    <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/parsing.html#html-parser" title='Read about this "HTML parser" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>HTML parser</a> to flag a <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/parsing.html#parse-error" title='Read about this "parse error" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>parse error</a>:</p>

    <ol><li>Remove every <code><a href="the-script-element.html#the-script-element" id="script_27">script</a></code> element from the
     document.</li>

     <li>Make a list of every <code><a href="#the-noscript-element" id="noscript_25">noscript</a></code> element in the
     document. For every <code><a href="#the-noscript-element" id="noscript_26">noscript</a></code> element in that list,
     perform the following steps:

      <ol><li>Let the <var title="">parent element</var> be the parent
       element of the <code><a href="#the-noscript-element" id="noscript_27">noscript</a></code> element.</li>

       <li>Take all the children of the <var title="">parent element</var>
       that come before the <code><a href="#the-noscript-element" id="noscript_28">noscript</a></code> element, and call these
       elements <var title="">the before children</var>.</li>

       <li>Take all the children of the <var title="">parent element</var>
       that come <em>after</em> the <code><a href="#the-noscript-element" id="noscript_29">noscript</a></code> element, and
       call these elements <var title="">the after children</var>.</li>

       <li>Let <var title="">s</var> be the concatenation of all the
       <a href="infrastructure.html#text-node" id="text-node_12">text node</a> children of the <code><a href="#the-noscript-element" id="noscript_30">noscript</a></code>
       element.</li>

       <li>Set the <code title="dom-innerHTML"><a href="apis-in-html-documents.html#dom-innerhtml" id="innerhtml_4">innerHTML</a></code>
       attribute of the <var title="">parent element</var> to the value
       of <var title="">s</var>. (This, as a side-effect, causes the
       <code><a href="#the-noscript-element" id="noscript_31">noscript</a></code> element to be removed from the
       document.)</li>

       <li>Insert <var title="">the before children</var> at the start of
       the <var title="">parent element</var>, preserving their original
       relative order.</li>

       <li>Insert <var title="">the after children</var> at the end of the
       <var title="">parent element</var>, preserving their original
       relative order.</li>

      </ol></li>

    </ol></dd>

  </dl><p class="note">All these contortions are required because, for
  historical reasons, the <code><a href="#the-noscript-element" id="noscript_32">noscript</a></code> element is handled
  differently by the <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/parsing.html#html-parser" title='Read about this "HTML parser" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>HTML parser</a> based on whether <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/parsing.html#scripting-flag" title='Read about this "scripting was enabled or not" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>scripting was enabled or not</a> when the
  parser was invoked.<p>The <code><a href="#the-noscript-element" id="noscript_33">noscript</a></code> element must not be used in <a href="dom.html#xml-documents" id="xml-documents_19">XML
  documents</a>.<p class="note"><strong>The <code><a href="#the-noscript-element" id="noscript_34">noscript</a></code> element is only
  effective in <a href="syntax.html#syntax" id="the-html-syntax_2">the HTML syntax</a>, it has no effect in
  <a href="the-xhtml-syntax.html#the-xhtml-syntax">the XHTML syntax</a>.</strong><div class="example">

   <p>In the following example, a <code><a href="#the-noscript-element" id="noscript_35">noscript</a></code> element is
   used to provide fallback for a script.</p>

   <pre>&lt;form action="calcSquare.php"&gt;
 &lt;p&gt;
  &lt;label for=x&gt;Number&lt;/label&gt;:
  &lt;input id="x" name="x" type="number"&gt;
 &lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;script&gt;
  var x = document.getElementById('x');
  var output = document.createElement('p');
  output.textContent = 'Type a number; it will be squared right then!';
  x.form.appendChild(output);
  x.form.onsubmit = function () { return false; }
  x.oninput = function () {
    var v = x.valueAsNumber;
    output.textContent = v + ' squared is ' + v * v;
  };
 &lt;/script&gt;
 &lt;noscript&gt;
  &lt;input type=submit value="Calculate Square"&gt;
 &lt;/noscript&gt;
&lt;/form&gt;</pre>

   <p>When script is disabled, a button appears to do the calculation
   on the server side. When script is enabled, the value is computed
   on-the-fly instead.</p>

   <p>The <code><a href="#the-noscript-element" id="noscript_36">noscript</a></code> element is a blunt
   instrument. Sometimes, scripts might be enabled, but for some
   reason the page's script might fail. For this reason, it's
   generally better to avoid using <code><a href="#the-noscript-element" id="noscript_37">noscript</a></code>, and to
   instead design the script to change the page from being a
   scriptless page to a scripted page on the fly, as in the next
   example:</p>

   <pre>&lt;form action="calcSquare.php"&gt;
 &lt;p&gt;
  &lt;label for=x&gt;Number&lt;/label&gt;:
  &lt;input id="x" name="x" type="number"&gt;
 &lt;/p&gt;
 <strong>&lt;input id="submit" type=submit value="Calculate Square"&gt;</strong>
 &lt;script&gt;
  var x = document.getElementById('x');
  var output = document.createElement('p');
  output.textContent = 'Type a number; it will be squared right then!';
  x.form.appendChild(output);
  x.form.onsubmit = function () { return false; }
  x.oninput = function () {
    var v = x.valueAsNumber;
    output.textContent = v + ' squared is ' + v * v;
  };
<strong>  var submit = document.getElementById('submit');
  submit.parentNode.removeChild(submit);</strong>
 &lt;/script&gt;
&lt;/form&gt;</pre>

   <p>The above technique is also useful in XHTML, since
   <code><a href="#the-noscript-element" id="noscript_38">noscript</a></code> is not supported in <a href="the-xhtml-syntax.html#the-xhtml-syntax">the XHTML
   syntax</a>.</p>

  </div>
--- NEW FILE: the-code-element.html ---
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</script><link href="the-time-element.html" rel="prev" title="4.6.10 The time element">
  <link href="Overview.html#contents" rel="index" title="Table of contents">
  <link href="the-var-element.html" rel="next" title="4.6.12 The var element">
  <body class="split chapter" onload="fixBrokenLink(); init()"><div class="head" id="head">
   <p><a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img alt="W3C" height="48" src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" width="72"></a></p>

   <h1>HTML5 <span class="edition">Edition for Web Authors</span> <span class="rcsrevision">revision 1.4918</span></h1>
   </div><div>
   <a href="the-time-element.html">&larr; 4.6.10 The time element</a> &ndash;
   <a href="Overview.html#contents">Table of contents</a> &ndash;
   <a href="the-var-element.html">4.6.12 The var element &rarr;</a>
  </div>

  <h4 id="the-code-element"><span class="secno">4.6.11 </span>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>code</code></dfn> element</h4><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_77">Flow content</a>.</dd>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_58">Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Contexts in which this element can be used:</dt>
   <dd>Where <a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_59">phrasing content</a> is expected.</dd>
   <dt>Content model:</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_60">Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
   <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes" id="global-attributes_42">Global attributes</a></dd>
   <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
   <dd>Uses <code><a href="elements.html#htmlelement" id="htmlelement_48">HTMLElement</a></code>.</dd>
  </dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-code-element" id="code_2">code</a></code> element <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/rendering.html#represents" title='Read about this "represents" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>represents</a> a fragment
  of computer code. This could be an XML element name, a filename, a
  computer program, or any other string that a computer would
  recognize.<p>Although there is no formal way to indicate the language of
  computer code being marked up, authors who wish to mark
  <code><a href="#the-code-element" id="code_3">code</a></code> elements with the language used, e.g. so that
  syntax highlighting scripts can use the right rules, may do so by
  adding a class prefixed with "<code title="">language-</code>" to
  the element.<div class="example">

   <p>The following example shows how the element can be used in a
   paragraph to mark up element names and computer code, including
   punctuation.</p>

   <pre>&lt;p&gt;The &lt;code&gt;code&lt;/code&gt; element represents a fragment of computer
code.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;When you call the &lt;code&gt;activate()&lt;/code&gt; method on the
&lt;code&gt;robotSnowman&lt;/code&gt; object, the eyes glow.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The example below uses the &lt;code&gt;begin&lt;/code&gt; keyword to indicate
the start of a statement block. It is paired with an &lt;code&gt;end&lt;/code&gt;
keyword, which is followed by the &lt;code&gt;.&lt;/code&gt; punctuation character
(full stop) to indicate the end of the program.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>

  </div><div class="example">

   <p>The following example shows how a block of code could be marked
   up using the <code><a href="the-pre-element.html#the-pre-element" id="pre_9">pre</a></code> and <code><a href="#the-code-element" id="code_4">code</a></code> elements.</p>

   <pre>&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code class="language-pascal"&gt;var i: Integer;
begin
   i := 1;
end.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;</pre>

   <p>A class is used in that example to indicate the language
   used.</p>

  </div><p class="note">See the <code><a href="the-pre-element.html#the-pre-element" id="pre_10">pre</a></code> element for more details.
--- NEW FILE: the-command-element.html ---
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</script><link href="the-summary-element.html" rel="prev" title="4.11.2 The summary element">
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   <h1>HTML5 <span class="edition">Edition for Web Authors</span> <span class="rcsrevision">revision 1.4918</span></h1>
   </div><div>
   <a href="the-summary-element.html">&larr; 4.11.2 The summary element</a> &ndash;
   <a href="Overview.html#contents">Table of contents</a> &ndash;
   <a href="the-menu-element.html">4.11.4 The menu element &rarr;</a>
  </div>

  <h4 id="the-command-element"><span class="secno">4.11.3 </span>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>command</code></dfn> element</h4><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#metadata-content" id="metadata-content_15">Metadata content</a>.</dd>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_136">Flow content</a>.</dd>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_160">Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Contexts in which this element can be used:</dt>
   <dd>Where <a href="content-models.html#metadata-content" id="metadata-content_16">metadata content</a> is expected.</dd>
   <dd>Where <a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_161">phrasing content</a> is expected.</dd>
   <dt>Content model:</dt>
   <dd>Empty.</dd>
   <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
   <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes" id="global-attributes_101">Global attributes</a></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-command-type"><a href="#attr-command-type" id="type_79">type</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-command-label"><a href="#attr-command-label" id="label_36">label</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-command-icon"><a href="#attr-command-icon" id="icon">icon</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-command-disabled"><a href="#attr-command-disabled" id="disabled_28">disabled</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-command-checked"><a href="#attr-command-checked" id="checked_26">checked</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-command-radiogroup"><a href="#attr-command-radiogroup" id="radiogroup">radiogroup</a></code></dd>
   
   <dd>Also, the <code title="attr-command-title"><a href="#attr-command-title" id="title_68">title</a></code> attribute has special semantics on this element.</dd>
   <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
   <dd>
<pre class="idl">interface <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="htmlcommandelement" role="button" tabindex="0">HTMLCommandElement</dfn> : <a href="elements.html#htmlelement" id="htmlelement_112">HTMLElement</a> {
           attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/interactive-elements.html#dom-command-type" title='Read about this "type" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>type</a>;
           attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/interactive-elements.html#dom-command-label" title='Read about this "label" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>label</a>;
           attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/interactive-elements.html#dom-command-icon" title='Read about this "icon" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>icon</a>;
           attribute boolean <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/interactive-elements.html#dom-command-disabled" title='Read about this "disabled" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>disabled</a>;
           attribute boolean <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/interactive-elements.html#dom-command-checked" title='Read about this "checked" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>checked</a>;
           attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/interactive-elements.html#dom-command-radiogroup" title='Read about this "radiogroup" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>radiogroup</a>;};</pre>
   </dd>
  </dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-command-element" id="command_3">command</a></code> element represents a command that the user
  can invoke.<p>A command can be part of a context menu or toolbar, using the
  <code><a href="the-menu-element.html#the-menu-element" id="menu_11">menu</a></code> element, or can be put anywhere else in the page,
  to define a keyboard shortcut.<p>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-command-type" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>type</code></dfn>
  attribute indicates the kind of command: either a normal command
  with an associated action, or a state or option that can be toggled,
  or a selection of one item from a list of items.<p>The attribute is an <a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#enumerated-attribute" id="enumerated-attribute_14">enumerated attribute</a> with three
  keywords and states. The "<dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-command-type-keyword-command" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>command</code></dfn>"
  keyword maps to the <a href="#attr-command-type-state-command" id="attr-command-type-state-command_0" title="attr-command-type-state-command">Command</a> state, the
  "<dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-command-type-keyword-checkbox" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>checkbox</code></dfn>"
  keyword maps to the <a href="#attr-command-type-state-checkbox" id="attr-command-type-state-checkbox_0" title="attr-command-type-state-checkbox">Checkbox</a> state, and
  the "<dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-command-type-keyword-radio" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>radio</code></dfn>"
  keyword maps to the <a href="#attr-command-type-state-radio" id="attr-command-type-state-radio_0" title="attr-command-type-state-radio">Radio</a> state. The
  <i>missing value default</i> is the <a href="#attr-command-type-state-command" id="attr-command-type-state-command_1" title="attr-command-type-state-command">Command</a> state.<dl><dt>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-command-type-state-command" role="button" tabindex="0">Command</dfn> state</dt>

   <dd><p>The element <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/rendering.html#represents" title='Read about this "represents" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>represents</a> a normal command with an associated action.</dd>

   <dt>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-command-type-state-checkbox" role="button" tabindex="0">Checkbox</dfn> state</dt>

   <dd><p>The element <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/rendering.html#represents" title='Read about this "represents" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>represents</a> a state or option that can be toggled.</dd>

   <dt>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-command-type-state-radio" role="button" tabindex="0">Radio</dfn> state</dt>

   <dd><p>The element <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/rendering.html#represents" title='Read about this "represents" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>represents</a> a selection of one item from a list of items.</dd>

  </dl><p>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-command-label" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>label</code></dfn>
  attribute gives the name of the command, as shown to the user. The
  <code title="attr-command-label"><a href="#attr-command-label" id="label_37">label</a></code> attribute must be
  specified and must have a value that is not the empty string.<p>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-command-title" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>title</code></dfn>
  attribute gives a hint describing the command, which might be shown
  to the user to help him.<p>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-command-icon" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>icon</code></dfn>
  attribute gives a picture that represents the command. If the
  attribute is specified, the attribute's value must contain a
  <a href="urls.html#valid-non-empty-url-potentially-surrounded-by-spaces" id="valid-non-empty-url-potentially-surrounded-by-spaces_13">valid non-empty URL potentially surrounded by
  spaces</a>. <p>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-command-disabled" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>disabled</code></dfn> attribute
  is a <a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#boolean-attribute" id="boolean-attribute_24">boolean attribute</a> that, if present, indicates that
  the command is not available in the current state.<p class="note">The distinction between <code title="attr-command-disabled"><a href="#attr-command-disabled" id="disabled_29">disabled</a></code> and <code title="attr-hidden"><a href="editing.html#the-hidden-attribute" id="hidden_2">hidden</a></code> is subtle. A command would be
  disabled if, in the same context, it could be enabled if only
  certain aspects of the situation were changed. A command would be
  marked as hidden if, in that situation, the command will never be
  enabled. For example, in the context menu for a water faucet, the
  command "open" might be disabled if the faucet is already open, but
  the command "eat" would be marked hidden since the faucet could
  never be eaten.<p>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-command-checked" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>checked</code></dfn>
  attribute is a <a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#boolean-attribute" id="boolean-attribute_25">boolean attribute</a> that, if present,
  indicates that the command is selected. The attribute must be
  omitted unless the <code title="attr-command-type"><a href="#attr-command-type" id="type_80">type</a></code>
  attribute is in either the <a href="#attr-command-type-state-checkbox" id="attr-command-type-state-checkbox_1" title="attr-command-type-state-checkbox">Checkbox</a> state or
  the <a href="#attr-command-type-state-radio" id="attr-command-type-state-radio_1" title="attr-command-type-state-radio">Radio</a>
  state.<p>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-command-radiogroup" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>radiogroup</code></dfn>
  attribute gives the name of the group of commands that will be
  toggled when the command itself is toggled, for commands whose <code title="attr-command-type"><a href="#attr-command-type" id="type_81">type</a></code> attribute has the value "<code title="">radio</code>". The scope of the name is the child list of
  the parent element. The attribute must be omitted unless the <code title="attr-command-type"><a href="#attr-command-type" id="type_82">type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href="#attr-command-type-state-radio" id="attr-command-type-state-radio_2" title="attr-command-type-state-radio">Radio</a> state.<p class="note"><code><a href="#the-command-element" id="command_4">command</a></code> elements are not rendered
  unless they <a href="the-menu-element.html#the-menu-element" id="menu_12" title="menu">form part of a menu</a>.<div class="example">

   <p>Here is an example of a toolbar with three buttons that let the
   user toggle between left, center, and right alignment. One could
   imagine such a toolbar as part of a text editor. The toolbar also
   has a separator followed by another button labeled "Publish",
   though that button is disabled.</p>

   <pre>&lt;menu type="toolbar"&gt;
 &lt;command type="radio" radiogroup="alignment" checked="checked"
          label="Left" icon="icons/alL.png" onclick="setAlign('left')"&gt;
 &lt;command type="radio" radiogroup="alignment"
          label="Center" icon="icons/alC.png" onclick="setAlign('center')"&gt;
 &lt;command type="radio" radiogroup="alignment"
          label="Right" icon="icons/alR.png" onclick="setAlign('right')"&gt;
 &lt;hr&gt;
 &lt;command type="command" disabled
          label="Publish" icon="icons/pub.png" onclick="publish()"&gt;
&lt;/menu&gt;</pre>

  </div>
--- NEW FILE: the-div-element.html ---
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  </div>

  <h4 id="the-div-element"><span class="secno">4.5.13 </span>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>div</code></dfn> element</h4><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_63">Flow content</a>.</dd>
   <dd><a href="dnd.html#formatblock-candidate" id="formatblock-candidate_12"><code title="">formatBlock</code> candidate</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Contexts in which this element can be used:</dt>
   <dd>Where <a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_64">flow content</a> is expected.</dd>
   <dt>Content model:</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_65">Flow content</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
   <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes" id="global-attributes_31">Global attributes</a></dd>
   <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
   <dd>
    <pre class="idl">interface <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="htmldivelement" role="button" tabindex="0">HTMLDivElement</dfn> : <a href="elements.html#htmlelement" id="htmlelement_38">HTMLElement</a> {};</pre>
   </dd>
  </dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-div-element" id="div_8">div</a></code> element has no special meaning at all. It
  <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/rendering.html#represents" title='Read about this "represents" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>represents</a> its children. It can be used with the <code title="attr-class"><a href="elements.html#classes" id="class_4">class</a></code>, <code title="attr-lang"><a href="elements.html#attr-lang" id="lang_6">lang</a></code>, and <code title="attr-title"><a href="elements.html#the-title-attribute" id="title_9">title</a></code> attributes to mark up semantics
  common to a group of consecutive elements.<p class="note">Authors are strongly encouraged to view the
  <code><a href="#the-div-element" id="div_9">div</a></code> element as an element of last resort, for when no
  other element is suitable. Use of the <code><a href="#the-div-element" id="div_10">div</a></code> element
  instead of more appropriate elements leads to poor accessibility for
  readers and poor maintainability for authors.<div class="example">

   <p>For example, a blog post would be marked up using
   <code><a href="the-article-element.html#the-article-element" id="article_15">article</a></code>, a chapter using <code><a href="the-section-element.html#the-section-element" id="section_12">section</a></code>, a
   page's navigation aids using <code><a href="the-nav-element.html#the-nav-element" id="nav_8">nav</a></code>, and a group of form
   controls using <code><a href="the-fieldset-element.html#the-fieldset-element" id="fieldset_3">fieldset</a></code>.</p>

   <p>On the other hand, <code><a href="#the-div-element" id="div_11">div</a></code> elements can be useful for
   stylistic purposes or to wrap multiple paragraphs within a section
   that are all to be annotated in a similar way. In the following
   example, we see <code><a href="#the-div-element" id="div_12">div</a></code> elements used as a way to set the
   language of two paragraphs at once, instead of setting the language
   on the two paragraph elements separately:</p>

   <pre>&lt;article lang="en-US"&gt;
 &lt;h1&gt;My use of language and my cats&lt;/h1&gt;
 &lt;p&gt;My cat's behavior hasn't changed much since her absence, except
 that she plays her new physique to the neighbors regularly, in an
 attempt to get pets.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;div lang="en-GB"&gt;
  &lt;p&gt;My other cat, coloured black and white, is a sweetie. He followed
  us to the pool today, walking down the pavement with us. Yesterday
  he apparently visited our neighbours. I wonder if he recognises that
  their flat is a mirror image of ours.&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;p&gt;Hm, I just noticed that in the last paragraph I used British
  English. But I'm supposed to write in American English. So I
  shouldn't say "pavement" or "flat" or "colour"...&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/div&gt;
 &lt;p&gt;I should say "sidewalk" and "apartment" and "color"!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/article&gt;</pre>

  </div>
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   <a href="the-keygen-element.html">&larr; 4.10.14 The keygen element</a> &ndash;
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   <a href="the-progress-element.html">4.10.16 The progress element &rarr;</a>
  </div>

  <h4 id="the-output-element"><span class="secno">4.10.15 </span>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>output</code></dfn> element</h4><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_130">Flow content</a>.</dd>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_150">Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
   <dd><a href="forms.html#category-listed" id="category-listed_9" title="category-listed">Listed</a>, <a href="forms.html#category-label" id="category-label_7" title="category-label">labelable</a>, and <a href="forms.html#category-reset" id="category-reset_5" title="category-reset">resettable</a> <a href="forms.html#form-associated-element" id="form-associated-element_13">form-associated element</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Contexts in which this element can be used:</dt>
   <dd>Where <a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_151">phrasing content</a> is expected.</dd>
   <dt>Content model:</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_152">Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
   <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes" id="global-attributes_96">Global attributes</a></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-output-for"><a href="#attr-output-for" id="for_2">for</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-fae-form"><a href="association-of-controls-and-forms.html#attr-fae-form" id="form_57">form</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-fe-name"><a href="association-of-controls-and-forms.html#attr-fe-name" id="name_46">name</a></code></dd>
   <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
   <dd>
<pre class="idl">interface <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="htmloutputelement" role="button" tabindex="0">HTMLOutputElement</dfn> : <a href="elements.html#htmlelement" id="htmlelement_107">HTMLElement</a> {
  [PutForwards=<a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/common-dom-interfaces.html#dom-domsettabletokenlist-value" title='Read about this "value" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>value</a>] readonly attribute <a href="urls.html#domsettabletokenlist" id="domsettabletokenlist_5">DOMSettableTokenList</a> <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-button-element.html#dom-output-htmlfor" title='Read about this "htmlFor" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>htmlFor</a>;
  readonly attribute <a href="the-form-element.html#htmlformelement" id="htmlformelement_10">HTMLFormElement</a> <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/association-of-controls-and-forms.html#dom-fae-form" title='Read about this "form" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>form</a>;
           attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/association-of-controls-and-forms.html#dom-fe-name" title='Read about this "name" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>name</a>;

  readonly attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-button-element.html#dom-output-type" title='Read about this "type" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>type</a>;
           attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-button-element.html#dom-output-defaultvalue" title='Read about this "defaultValue" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>defaultValue</a>;
           attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-button-element.html#dom-output-value" title='Read about this "value" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>value</a>;

  readonly attribute boolean <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/association-of-controls-and-forms.html#dom-cva-willvalidate" title='Read about this "willValidate" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>willValidate</a>;
  readonly attribute <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/association-of-controls-and-forms.html#validitystate" title='Read about this "ValidityState" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>ValidityState</a> <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/association-of-controls-and-forms.html#dom-cva-validity" title='Read about this "validity" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>validity</a>;
  readonly attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/association-of-controls-and-forms.html#dom-cva-validationmessage" title='Read about this "validationMessage" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>validationMessage</a>;
  boolean <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/association-of-controls-and-forms.html#dom-cva-checkvalidatity" title='Read about this "checkValidity" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>checkValidity</a>();
  void <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/association-of-controls-and-forms.html#dom-cva-setcustomvalidity" title='Read about this "setCustomValidity" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>setCustomValidity</a>(in DOMString error);

  readonly attribute <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/infrastructure.html#nodelist" title='Read about this "NodeList" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>NodeList</a> <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/forms.html#dom-lfe-labels" title='Read about this "labels" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>labels</a>;
};</pre>
   </dd>
  </dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-output-element" id="output_11">output</a></code> element <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/rendering.html#represents" title='Read about this "represents" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>represents</a> the result of a
  calculation.<p>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-output-for" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>for</code></dfn> content
  attribute allows an explicit relationship to be made between the
  result of a calculation and the elements that represent the values
  that went into the calculation or that otherwise influenced the
  calculation. The <code title="attr-output-for"><a href="#attr-output-for" id="for_3">for</a></code> attribute,
  if specified, must contain a string consisting of an <a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#unordered-set-of-unique-space-separated-tokens" id="unordered-set-of-unique-space-separated-tokens_2">unordered
  set of unique space-separated tokens</a> that are
  <a href="infrastructure.html#case-sensitive" id="case-sensitive_5">case-sensitive</a>, each of which must have the value of an
  <a href="elements.html#concept-id" id="concept-id_19" title="concept-id">ID</a> of an element in the same
  <code><a href="infrastructure.html#document" id="document_66">Document</a></code>.<p>The <code title="attr-fae-form"><a href="association-of-controls-and-forms.html#attr-fae-form" id="form_58">form</a></code> attribute is used to
  explicitly associate the <code><a href="#the-output-element" id="output_12">output</a></code> element with its
  <a href="association-of-controls-and-forms.html#form-owner" id="form-owner_12">form owner</a>. The <code title="attr-fe-name"><a href="association-of-controls-and-forms.html#attr-fe-name" id="name_47">name</a></code>
  attribute represents the element's name.<dl class="domintro"><dt><var title="">output</var> . <code title="dom-output-value"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-button-element.html#dom-output-value" title='Read about this "value" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>value</a></code> [ = <var title="">value</var> ]</dt>

   <dd>

    <p>Returns the element's current value.</p>

    <p>Can be set, to change the value.</p>

   </dd>

   <dt><var title="">output</var> . <code title="dom-output-defaultValue"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-button-element.html#dom-output-defaultvalue" title='Read about this "defaultValue" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>defaultValue</a></code> [ = <var title="">value</var> ]</dt>

   <dd>

    <p>Returns the element's current default value.</p>

    <p>Can be set, to change the default value.</p>

   </dd>

   <dt><var title="">output</var> . <code title="dom-output-type"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-button-element.html#dom-output-type" title='Read about this "type" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>type</a></code></dt>

   <dd>

    <p>Returns the string "<code title="">output</code>".</p>

   </dd>

  </dl><div class="example">

   <p>A simple calculator could use <code><a href="#the-output-element" id="output_13">output</a></code> for its
   display of calculated results:</p>

   <pre>&lt;form onsubmit="return false" oninput="o.value = a.valueAsNumber + b.valueAsNumber"&gt;
 &lt;input name=a type=number step=any&gt; +
 &lt;input name=b type=number step=any&gt; =
 &lt;output name=o&gt;&lt;/output&gt;
&lt;/form&gt;</pre>

  </div>
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</script><link href="the-legend-element.html" rel="prev" title="4.10.5 The legend element">
  <link href="Overview.html#contents" rel="index" title="Table of contents">
  <link href="the-input-element.html" rel="next" title="4.10.7 The input element">
  <body class="split chapter" onload="fixBrokenLink(); init()"><div class="head" id="head">
   <p><a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img alt="W3C" height="48" src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" width="72"></a></p>

   <h1>HTML5 <span class="edition">Edition for Web Authors</span> <span class="rcsrevision">revision 1.4918</span></h1>
   </div><div>
   <a href="the-legend-element.html">&larr; 4.10.5 The legend element</a> &ndash;
   <a href="Overview.html#contents">Table of contents</a> &ndash;
   <a href="the-input-element.html">4.10.7 The input element &rarr;</a>
  </div>

  <h4 id="the-label-element"><span class="secno">4.10.6 </span>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>label</code></dfn> element</h4><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_123">Flow content</a>.</dd>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_133">Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#interactive-content" id="interactive-content_11">Interactive content</a>.</dd>
   <dd><a href="forms.html#form-associated-element" id="form-associated-element_6">Form-associated element</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Contexts in which this element can be used:</dt>
   <dd>Where <a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_134">phrasing content</a> is expected.</dd>
   <dt>Content model:</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_135">Phrasing content</a>, but with no descendant <a href="forms.html#category-label" id="category-label_0" title="category-label">labelable form-associated elements</a> unless it is the element's <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/forms.html#labeled-control" title='Read about this "labeled control" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>labeled control</a>, and no descendant <code><a href="#the-label-element" id="label_13">label</a></code> elements.</dd>
   <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
   <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes" id="global-attributes_87">Global attributes</a></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-fae-form"><a href="association-of-controls-and-forms.html#attr-fae-form" id="form_45">form</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-label-for"><a href="#attr-label-for" id="for">for</a></code></dd>
   <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
   <dd>
<pre class="idl">interface <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="htmllabelelement" role="button" tabindex="0">HTMLLabelElement</dfn> : <a href="elements.html#htmlelement" id="htmlelement_93">HTMLElement</a> {
  readonly attribute <a href="the-form-element.html#htmlformelement" id="htmlformelement_3">HTMLFormElement</a> <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/association-of-controls-and-forms.html#dom-fae-form" title='Read about this "form" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>form</a>;
           attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/forms.html#dom-label-htmlfor" title='Read about this "htmlFor" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>htmlFor</a>;
  readonly attribute <a href="elements.html#htmlelement" id="htmlelement_94">HTMLElement</a> <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/forms.html#dom-label-control" title='Read about this "control" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>control</a>;
};</pre>
   </dd>
  </dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-label-element" id="label_14">label</a></code> <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/rendering.html#represents" title='Read about this "represents" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>represents</a> a caption in a
  user interface. The caption can be associated with a specific form
  control, either using <code title="attr-label-for"><a href="#attr-label-for" id="for_0">for</a></code> attribute, or by putting the form
  control inside the <code><a href="#the-label-element" id="label_15">label</a></code> element itself.<p>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-label-for" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>for</code></dfn> attribute
  may be specified to indicate a form control with which the caption
  is to be associated. If the attribute is specified, the attribute's
  value must be the <a href="elements.html#concept-id" id="concept-id_15" title="concept-id">ID</a> of a <a href="forms.html#category-label" id="category-label_1" title="category-label">labelable
  form-associated element</a> in the same <code><a href="infrastructure.html#document" id="document_65">Document</a></code> as
  the <code><a href="#the-label-element" id="label_16">label</a></code> element. <dl class="domintro"><dt><var title="">label</var> . <code title="dom-label-control"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/forms.html#dom-label-control" title='Read about this "control" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>control</a></code></dt>

   <dd>

    <p>Returns the form control that is associated with this element.</p>

   </dd>

  </dl><p>The <code title="attr-fae-form"><a href="association-of-controls-and-forms.html#attr-fae-form" id="form_46">form</a></code> attribute is used to
  explicitly associate the <code><a href="#the-label-element" id="label_17">label</a></code> element with its
  <a href="association-of-controls-and-forms.html#form-owner" id="form-owner_3">form owner</a>.<hr><dl class="domintro"><dt><var title="">control</var> . <code title="dom-lfe-labels"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/forms.html#dom-lfe-labels" title='Read about this "labels" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>labels</a></code></dt>

   <dd>

    <p>Returns a <code><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/infrastructure.html#nodelist" title='Read about this "NodeList" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>NodeList</a></code> of all the <code><a href="#the-label-element" id="label_18">label</a></code>
    elements that the form control is associated with.</p>

   </dd>

  </dl><div class="example">

   <p>The following example shows three form controls each with a
   label, two of which have small text showing the right format for
   users to use.</p>

   <pre>&lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;Full name: &lt;input name=fn&gt; &lt;small&gt;Format: First Last&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;Age: &lt;input name=age type=number min=0&gt;&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;Post code: &lt;input name=pc&gt; &lt;small&gt;Format: AB12 3CD&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</pre>

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</script><link href="the-li-element.html" rel="prev" title="4.5.7 The li element">
  <link href="Overview.html#contents" rel="index" title="Table of contents">
  <link href="the-dt-element.html" rel="next" title="4.5.9 The dt element">
  <body class="split chapter" onload="fixBrokenLink(); init()"><div class="head" id="head">
   <p><a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img alt="W3C" height="48" src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" width="72"></a></p>

   <h1>HTML5 <span class="edition">Edition for Web Authors</span> <span class="rcsrevision">revision 1.4918</span></h1>
   </div><div>
   <a href="the-li-element.html">&larr; 4.5.7 The li element</a> &ndash;
   <a href="Overview.html#contents">Table of contents</a> &ndash;
   <a href="the-dt-element.html">4.5.9 The dt element &rarr;</a>
  </div>

  <h4 id="the-dl-element"><span class="secno">4.5.8 </span>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>dl</code></dfn> element</h4><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_53">Flow content</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Contexts in which this element can be used:</dt>
   <dd>Where <a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_54">flow content</a> is expected.</dd>
   <dt>Content model:</dt>
   <dd>Zero or more groups each consisting of one or more
   <code><a href="the-dt-element.html#the-dt-element" id="dt">dt</a></code> elements followed by one or more <code><a href="the-dd-element.html#the-dd-element" id="dd">dd</a></code>
   elements.</dd>
   <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
   <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes" id="global-attributes_26">Global attributes</a></dd>
   <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
   <dd>
    <pre class="idl">interface <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="htmldlistelement" role="button" tabindex="0">HTMLDListElement</dfn> : <a href="elements.html#htmlelement" id="htmlelement_33">HTMLElement</a> {};</pre>
   </dd>
  </dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-dl-element" id="dl_0">dl</a></code> element <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/rendering.html#represents" title='Read about this "represents" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>represents</a> an
  association list consisting of zero or more name-value groups (a
  description list). Each group must consist of one or more names
  (<code><a href="the-dt-element.html#the-dt-element" id="dt_0">dt</a></code> elements) followed by one or more values
  (<code><a href="the-dd-element.html#the-dd-element" id="dd_0">dd</a></code> elements). Within a single <code><a href="#the-dl-element" id="dl_1">dl</a></code> element,
  there should not be more than one <code><a href="the-dt-element.html#the-dt-element" id="dt_1">dt</a></code> element for each
  name.<p>Name-value groups may be terms and definitions, metadata topics
  and values, questions and answers, or any other groups of name-value
  data.<p>The values within a group are alternatives; multiple paragraphs
  forming part of the same value must all be given within the same
  <code><a href="the-dd-element.html#the-dd-element" id="dd_1">dd</a></code> element.<p>The order of the list of groups, and of the names and values
  within each group, may be significant.<div class="example">
   <p>In the following example, one entry ("Authors") is linked to two
   values ("John" and "Luke").</p>
   <pre>&lt;dl&gt;
 &lt;dt&gt; Authors
 &lt;dd&gt; John
 &lt;dd&gt; Luke
 &lt;dt&gt; Editor
 &lt;dd&gt; Frank
&lt;/dl&gt;</pre>
  </div><div class="example">
   <p>In the following example, one definition is linked to two
   terms.</p>
   <pre>&lt;dl&gt;
 &lt;dt lang="en-US"&gt; &lt;dfn&gt;color&lt;/dfn&gt; &lt;/dt&gt;
 &lt;dt lang="en-GB"&gt; &lt;dfn&gt;colour&lt;/dfn&gt; &lt;/dt&gt;
 &lt;dd&gt; A sensation which (in humans) derives from the ability of
 the fine structure of the eye to distinguish three differently
 filtered analyses of a view. &lt;/dd&gt;
&lt;/dl&gt;</pre>
  </div><div class="example">
   <p>The following example illustrates the use of the <code><a href="#the-dl-element" id="dl_2">dl</a></code>
   element to mark up metadata of sorts. At the end of the example,
   one group has two metadata labels ("Authors" and "Editors") and two
   values ("Robert Rothman" and "Daniel Jackson").</p>
   <pre>&lt;dl&gt;
 &lt;dt&gt; Last modified time &lt;/dt&gt;
 &lt;dd&gt; 2004-12-23T23:33Z &lt;/dd&gt;
 &lt;dt&gt; Recommended update interval &lt;/dt&gt;
 &lt;dd&gt; 60s &lt;/dd&gt;
 &lt;dt&gt; Authors &lt;/dt&gt;
 &lt;dt&gt; Editors &lt;/dt&gt;
 &lt;dd&gt; Robert Rothman &lt;/dd&gt;
 &lt;dd&gt; Daniel Jackson &lt;/dd&gt;
&lt;/dl&gt;</pre>
  </div><div class="example">

   <p>The following example shows the <code><a href="#the-dl-element" id="dl_3">dl</a></code> element used to
   give a set of instructions. The order of the instructions here is
   important (in the other examples, the order of the blocks was not
   important).</p>

   <pre>&lt;p&gt;Determine the victory points as follows (use the
first matching case):&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;dl&gt;
 &lt;dt&gt; If you have exactly five gold coins &lt;/dt&gt;
 &lt;dd&gt; You get five victory points &lt;/dd&gt;
 &lt;dt&gt; If you have one or more gold coins, and you have one or more silver coins &lt;/dt&gt;
 &lt;dd&gt; You get two victory points &lt;/dd&gt;
 &lt;dt&gt; If you have one or more silver coins &lt;/dt&gt;
 &lt;dd&gt; You get one victory point &lt;/dd&gt;
 &lt;dt&gt; Otherwise &lt;/dt&gt;
 &lt;dd&gt; You get no victory points &lt;/dd&gt;
&lt;/dl&gt;</pre>
  </div><div class="example">
   <p>The following snippet shows a <code><a href="#the-dl-element" id="dl_4">dl</a></code> element being used
   as a glossary. Note the use of <code><a href="the-dfn-element.html#the-dfn-element" id="dfn_1">dfn</a></code> to indicate the
   word being defined.</p>
   <pre>&lt;dl&gt;
 &lt;dt&gt;&lt;dfn&gt;Apartment&lt;/dfn&gt;, n.&lt;/dt&gt;
 &lt;dd&gt;An execution context grouping one or more threads with one or
 more COM objects.&lt;/dd&gt;
 &lt;dt&gt;&lt;dfn&gt;Flat&lt;/dfn&gt;, n.&lt;/dt&gt;
 &lt;dd&gt;A deflated tire.&lt;/dd&gt;
 &lt;dt&gt;&lt;dfn&gt;Home&lt;/dfn&gt;, n.&lt;/dt&gt;
 &lt;dd&gt;The user's login directory.&lt;/dd&gt;
&lt;/dl&gt;</pre>
  </div><p class="note">The <code><a href="#the-dl-element" id="dl_5">dl</a></code> element is inappropriate for
  marking up dialogue. <a href="links.html#conversations">Examples of how to
  mark up dialogue</a> are shown below.
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</script><link href="the-button-element.html" rel="prev" title="4.10.8 The button element">
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   <h1>HTML5 <span class="edition">Edition for Web Authors</span> <span class="rcsrevision">revision 1.4918</span></h1>
   </div><div>
   <a href="the-button-element.html">&larr; 4.10.8 The button element</a> &ndash;
   <a href="Overview.html#contents">Table of contents</a> &ndash;
   <a href="the-datalist-element.html">4.10.10 The datalist element &rarr;</a>
  </div>

  <h4 id="the-select-element"><span class="secno">4.10.9 </span>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>select</code></dfn> element</h4><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_126">Flow content</a>.</dd>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_141">Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#interactive-content" id="interactive-content_15">Interactive content</a>.</dd>
   <dd><a href="forms.html#category-listed" id="category-listed_6" title="category-listed">Listed</a>, <a href="forms.html#category-label" id="category-label_4" title="category-label">labelable</a>, <a href="forms.html#category-submit" id="category-submit_5" title="category-submit">submittable</a>, and <a href="forms.html#category-reset" id="category-reset_2" title="category-reset">resettable</a> <a href="forms.html#form-associated-element" id="form-associated-element_10">form-associated element</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Contexts in which this element can be used:</dt>
   <dd>Where <a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_142">phrasing content</a> is expected.</dd>
   <dt>Content model:</dt>
   <dd>Zero or more <code><a href="the-option-element.html#the-option-element" id="option_9">option</a></code> or <code><a href="the-optgroup-element.html#the-optgroup-element" id="optgroup_3">optgroup</a></code> elements.</dd>
   <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
   <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes" id="global-attributes_90">Global attributes</a></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-fe-autofocus"><a href="association-of-controls-and-forms.html#attr-fe-autofocus" id="autofocus_3">autofocus</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-fe-disabled"><a href="association-of-controls-and-forms.html#attr-fe-disabled" id="disabled_15">disabled</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-fae-form"><a href="association-of-controls-and-forms.html#attr-fae-form" id="form_51">form</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-select-multiple"><a href="#attr-select-multiple" id="multiple_34">multiple</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-fe-name"><a href="association-of-controls-and-forms.html#attr-fe-name" id="name_40">name</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-select-required"><a href="#attr-select-required" id="required_28">required</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-select-size"><a href="#attr-select-size" id="size_30">size</a></code></dd>
   <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
   <dd>
<pre class="idl">interface <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="htmlselectelement" role="button" tabindex="0">HTMLSelectElement</dfn> : <a href="elements.html#htmlelement" id="htmlelement_98">HTMLElement</a> {
           attribute boolean <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/association-of-controls-and-forms.html#dom-fe-autofocus" title='Read about this "autofocus" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>autofocus</a>;
           attribute boolean <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/association-of-controls-and-forms.html#dom-fe-disabled" title='Read about this "disabled" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>disabled</a>;
  readonly attribute <a href="the-form-element.html#htmlformelement" id="htmlformelement_6">HTMLFormElement</a> <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/association-of-controls-and-forms.html#dom-fae-form" title='Read about this "form" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>form</a>;
           attribute boolean <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-button-element.html#dom-select-multiple" title='Read about this "multiple" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>multiple</a>;
           attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/association-of-controls-and-forms.html#dom-fe-name" title='Read about this "name" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>name</a>;
           attribute boolean <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-button-element.html#dom-select-required" title='Read about this "required" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>required</a>;
           attribute unsigned long <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-button-element.html#dom-select-size" title='Read about this "size" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>size</a>;

  readonly attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-button-element.html#dom-select-type" title='Read about this "type" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>type</a>;

  readonly attribute <a href="urls.html#htmloptionscollection" id="htmloptionscollection_2">HTMLOptionsCollection</a> <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-button-element.html#dom-select-options" title='Read about this "options" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>options</a>;
           attribute unsigned long <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-button-element.html#dom-select-length" title='Read about this "length" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>length</a>;
  getter any <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-button-element.html#dom-select-item" title='Read about this "item" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>item</a>(in unsigned long index);
  any <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-button-element.html#dom-select-nameditem" title='Read about this "namedItem" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>namedItem</a>(in DOMString name);
  void <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-button-element.html#dom-select-add" title='Read about this "add" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>add</a>(in <a href="elements.html#htmlelement" id="htmlelement_99">HTMLElement</a> element, in optional <a href="elements.html#htmlelement" id="htmlelement_100">HTMLElement</a> before);
  void <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-button-element.html#dom-select-add" title='Read about this "add" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>add</a>(in <a href="elements.html#htmlelement" id="htmlelement_101">HTMLElement</a> element, in long before);
  void <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-button-element.html#dom-select-remove" title='Read about this "remove" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>remove</a>(in long index);

  readonly attribute <a href="urls.html#htmlcollection" id="htmlcollection_32">HTMLCollection</a> <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-button-element.html#dom-select-selectedoptions" title='Read about this "selectedOptions" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>selectedOptions</a>;
           attribute long <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-button-element.html#dom-select-selectedindex" title='Read about this "selectedIndex" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>selectedIndex</a>;
           attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-button-element.html#dom-select-value" title='Read about this "value" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>value</a>;

  readonly attribute boolean <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/association-of-controls-and-forms.html#dom-cva-willvalidate" title='Read about this "willValidate" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>willValidate</a>;
  readonly attribute <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/association-of-controls-and-forms.html#validitystate" title='Read about this "ValidityState" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>ValidityState</a> <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/association-of-controls-and-forms.html#dom-cva-validity" title='Read about this "validity" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>validity</a>;
  readonly attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/association-of-controls-and-forms.html#dom-cva-validationmessage" title='Read about this "validationMessage" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>validationMessage</a>;
  boolean <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/association-of-controls-and-forms.html#dom-cva-checkvalidatity" title='Read about this "checkValidity" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>checkValidity</a>();
  void <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/association-of-controls-and-forms.html#dom-cva-setcustomvalidity" title='Read about this "setCustomValidity" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>setCustomValidity</a>(in DOMString error);

  readonly attribute <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/infrastructure.html#nodelist" title='Read about this "NodeList" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>NodeList</a> <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/forms.html#dom-lfe-labels" title='Read about this "labels" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>labels</a>;
};</pre>
   </dd>
  </dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-select-element" id="select_18">select</a></code> element represents a control for
  selecting amongst a set of options.<p>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-select-multiple" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>multiple</code></dfn>
  attribute is a <a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#boolean-attribute" id="boolean-attribute_13">boolean attribute</a>. If the attribute is
  present, then the <code><a href="#the-select-element" id="select_19">select</a></code> element
  <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/rendering.html#represents" title='Read about this "represents" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>represents</a> a control for selecting zero or more options
  from the <a href="#concept-select-option-list" id="concept-select-option-list_1" title="concept-select-option-list">list of
  options</a>. If the attribute is absent, then the
  <code><a href="#the-select-element" id="select_20">select</a></code> element <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/rendering.html#represents" title='Read about this "represents" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>represents</a> a control for
  selecting a single option from the <a href="#concept-select-option-list" id="concept-select-option-list_2" title="concept-select-option-list">list of options</a>.<p>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-select-size" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>size</code></dfn>
  attribute gives the number of options to show to the user. The <code title="attr-input-size"><a href="common-input-element-attributes.html#attr-input-size" id="size_26">size</a></code> attribute, if specified, must
  have a value that is a <a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#valid-non-negative-integer" id="valid-non-negative-integer_10">valid non-negative integer</a>
  greater than zero. If the <code title="attr-select-multiple"><a href="#attr-select-multiple" id="multiple_35">multiple</a></code> attribute is present,
  then the <code title="attr-input-size"><a href="common-input-element-attributes.html#attr-input-size" id="size_27">size</a></code> attribute's
  default value is 4. If the <code title="attr-select-multiple"><a href="#attr-select-multiple" id="multiple_36">multiple</a></code> attribute is absent,
  then the <code title="attr-input-size"><a href="common-input-element-attributes.html#attr-input-size" id="size_28">size</a></code> attribute's
  default value is 1.<p>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="concept-select-option-list" role="button" tabindex="0">list of options</dfn>
  for a <code><a href="#the-select-element" id="select_21">select</a></code> element consists of all the
  <code><a href="the-option-element.html#the-option-element" id="option_10">option</a></code> element children of the <code><a href="#the-select-element" id="select_22">select</a></code>
  element, and all the <code><a href="the-option-element.html#the-option-element" id="option_11">option</a></code> element children of all the
  <code><a href="the-optgroup-element.html#the-optgroup-element" id="optgroup_4">optgroup</a></code> element children of the <code><a href="#the-select-element" id="select_23">select</a></code>
  element, in <a href="infrastructure.html#tree-order" id="tree-order_7">tree order</a>.<p>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-select-required" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>required</code></dfn>
  attribute is a <a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#boolean-attribute" id="boolean-attribute_14">boolean attribute</a>. When specified, the
  user will be required to select a value before submitting the
  form.<p>If a <code><a href="#the-select-element" id="select_24">select</a></code> element has a <code title="attr-select-required"><a href="#attr-select-required" id="required_29">required</a></code> attribute specified,
  does not have a <code title="attr-select-multiple"><a href="#attr-select-multiple" id="multiple_37">multiple</a></code>
  attribute specified, and has a <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-button-element.html#concept-select-size" title='Read about this "display size" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>display size</a> of 1;
  and if the <a href="the-option-element.html#concept-option-value" id="concept-option-value_0" title="concept-option-value">value</a> of the
  first <code><a href="the-option-element.html#the-option-element" id="option_12">option</a></code> element in the <code><a href="#the-select-element" id="select_25">select</a></code>
  element's <a href="#concept-select-option-list" id="concept-select-option-list_3" title="concept-select-option-list">list of
  options</a> (if any) is the empty string, and that
  <code><a href="the-option-element.html#the-option-element" id="option_13">option</a></code> element's parent node is the <code><a href="#the-select-element" id="select_26">select</a></code>
  element (and not an <code><a href="the-optgroup-element.html#the-optgroup-element" id="optgroup_5">optgroup</a></code> element), then that
  <code><a href="the-option-element.html#the-option-element" id="option_14">option</a></code> is the <code><a href="#the-select-element" id="select_27">select</a></code> element's
  <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="placeholder-label-option" role="button" tabindex="0">placeholder label option</dfn>.<p>If a <code><a href="#the-select-element" id="select_28">select</a></code> element has a <code title="attr-select-required"><a href="#attr-select-required" id="required_30">required</a></code> attribute specified,
  does not have a <code title="attr-select-multiple"><a href="#attr-select-multiple" id="multiple_38">multiple</a></code>
  attribute specified, and has a <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-button-element.html#concept-select-size" title='Read about this "display size" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>display size</a> of 1,
  then the <code><a href="#the-select-element" id="select_29">select</a></code> element must have a <a href="#placeholder-label-option" id="placeholder-label-option_0">placeholder
  label option</a>.<p>The <code title="attr-fae-form"><a href="association-of-controls-and-forms.html#attr-fae-form" id="form_52">form</a></code> attribute is used to
  explicitly associate the <code><a href="#the-select-element" id="select_30">select</a></code> element with its
  <a href="association-of-controls-and-forms.html#form-owner" id="form-owner_9">form owner</a>. The <code title="attr-fe-name"><a href="association-of-controls-and-forms.html#attr-fe-name" id="name_41">name</a></code>
  attribute represents the element's name. The <code title="attr-fe-disabled"><a href="association-of-controls-and-forms.html#attr-fe-disabled" id="disabled_16">disabled</a></code> attribute is used to make
  the control non-interactive and to prevent its value from being
  submitted. The <code title="attr-fe-autofocus"><a href="association-of-controls-and-forms.html#attr-fe-autofocus" id="autofocus_4">autofocus</a></code>
  attribute controls focus.<dl class="domintro"><dt><var title="">select</var> . <code title="dom-select-type"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-button-element.html#dom-select-type" title='Read about this "type" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>type</a></code></dt>

   <dd>

    <p>Returns "<code title="">select-multiple</code>" if the element
    has a <code title="attr-select-multiple"><a href="#attr-select-multiple" id="multiple_39">multiple</a></code>
    attribute, and "<code title="">select-one</code>"
    otherwise.</p>

   </dd>

   <dt><var title="">select</var> . <code title="dom-select-options"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-button-element.html#dom-select-options" title='Read about this "options" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>options</a></code></dt>

   <dd>

    <p>Returns an <code><a href="urls.html#htmloptionscollection" id="htmloptionscollection_3">HTMLOptionsCollection</a></code> of the <a href="#concept-select-option-list" id="concept-select-option-list_4" title="concept-select-option-list">list of options</a>.</p>

   </dd>

   <dt><var title="">select</var> . <code title="dom-select-length"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-button-element.html#dom-select-length" title='Read about this "length" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>length</a></code> [ = <var title="">value</var> ]</dt>
   <dd>
    <p>Returns the number of elements in the <a href="#concept-select-option-list" id="concept-select-option-list_5" title="concept-select-option-list">list of options</a>.</p>
    <p>When set to a smaller number, truncates the number of <code><a href="the-option-element.html#the-option-element" id="option_15">option</a></code> elements in the <code><a href="#the-select-element" id="select_31">select</a></code>.</p>
    <p>When set to a greater number, adds new blank <code><a href="the-option-element.html#the-option-element" id="option_16">option</a></code> elements to the <code><a href="#the-select-element" id="select_32">select</a></code>.</p>
   </dd>

   <dt><var title="">element</var> = <var title="">select</var> . <code title="dom-select-item"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-button-element.html#dom-select-item" title='Read about this "item" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>item</a></code>(<var title="">index</var>)</dt>
   <dt><var title="">select</var>[<var title="">index</var>]</dt>
   <dd>
    <p>Returns the item with index <var title="">index</var> from the <a href="#concept-select-option-list" id="concept-select-option-list_6" title="concept-select-option-list">list of options</a>. The items are sorted in <a href="infrastructure.html#tree-order" id="tree-order_8">tree order</a>.</p>
    <p>Returns null if <var title="">index</var> is out of range.</p>
   </dd>

   <dt><var title="">element</var> = <var title="">select</var> . <code title="dom-select-item"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-button-element.html#dom-select-item" title='Read about this "namedItem" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>namedItem</a></code>(<var title="">name</var>)</dt>
   <dd>
    <p>Returns the item with <a href="elements.html#concept-id" id="concept-id_17" title="concept-id">ID</a> or <code title="attr-option-name"><a href="obsolete.html#attr-option-name" id="name_60">name</a></code> <var title="">name</var> from the <a href="#concept-select-option-list" id="concept-select-option-list_7" title="concept-select-option-list">list of options</a>.</p>
    <p>If there are multiple matching items, then a <code><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/infrastructure.html#nodelist" title='Read about this "NodeList" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>NodeList</a></code> object containing all those elements is returned.</p>
    <p>Returns null if no element with that <a href="elements.html#concept-id" id="concept-id_18" title="concept-id">ID</a> could be found.</p>
   </dd>

   <dt><var title="">select</var> . <code title="dom-select-add"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-button-element.html#dom-select-add" title='Read about this "add" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>add</a></code>(<var title="">element</var> [, <var title="">before</var> ])</dt>
   <dd>
    <p>Inserts <var title="">element</var> before the node given by <var title="">before</var>.</p>
    <p>The <var title="">before</var> argument can be a number, in
    which case <var title="">element</var> is inserted before the item
    with that number, or an element from the <a href="#concept-select-option-list" id="concept-select-option-list_8" title="concept-select-option-list">list of options</a>, in
    which case <var title="">element</var> is inserted before that
    element.</p>
    <p>If <var title="">before</var> is omitted, null, or a number out
    of range, then <var title="">element</var> will be added at the
    end of the list.</p>
    <p>This method will throw a <code><a href="urls.html#hierarchy_request_err" id="hierarchy_request_err_5">HIERARCHY_REQUEST_ERR</a></code>
    exception if <var title="">element</var> is an ancestor of the
    element into which it is to be inserted. If <var title="">element</var> is not an <code><a href="the-option-element.html#the-option-element" id="option_17">option</a></code> or
    <code><a href="the-optgroup-element.html#the-optgroup-element" id="optgroup_6">optgroup</a></code> element, then the method does nothing.</p>
   </dd>

   <dt><var title="">select</var> . <code title="dom-select-selectedOptions"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-button-element.html#dom-select-selectedoptions" title='Read about this "selectedOptions" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>selectedOptions</a></code></dt>

   <dd>

    <p>Returns an <code><a href="urls.html#htmlcollection" id="htmlcollection_33">HTMLCollection</a></code> of the <a href="#concept-select-option-list" id="concept-select-option-list_9" title="concept-select-option-list">list of options</a> that are
    selected.</p>

   </dd>

   <dt><var title="">select</var> . <code title="dom-select-selectedIndex"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-button-element.html#dom-select-selectedindex" title='Read about this "selectedIndex" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>selectedIndex</a></code> [ = <var title="">value</var> ]</dt>

   <dd>

    <p>Returns the index of the first selected item, if any, or
    &minus;1 if there is no selected item.</p>

    <p>Can be set, to change the selection.</p>

   </dd>

   <dt><var title="">select</var> . <code title="dom-select-value"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-button-element.html#dom-select-value" title='Read about this "value" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>value</a></code> [ = <var title="">value</var> ]</dt>

   <dd>

    <p>Returns the <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/association-of-controls-and-forms.html#concept-fe-value" title='Read about this "value" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>value</a> of the
    first selected item, if any, or the empty string if there is no
    selected item.</p>

    <p>Can be set, to change the selection.</p>

   </dd>

  </dl><div class="example">

   <p>The following example shows how a <code><a href="#the-select-element" id="select_33">select</a></code> element
   can be used to offer the user with a set of options from which the
   user can select a single option. The default option is
   preselected.</p>

   <pre>&lt;p&gt;
 &lt;label for="unittype"&gt;Select unit type:&lt;/label&gt;
 &lt;select id="unittype" name="unittype"&gt;
  &lt;option value="1"&gt; Miner &lt;/option&gt;
  &lt;option value="2"&gt; Puffer &lt;/option&gt;
  &lt;option value="3" selected&gt; Snipey &lt;/option&gt;
  &lt;option value="4"&gt; Max &lt;/option&gt;
  &lt;option value="5"&gt; Firebot &lt;/option&gt;
 &lt;/select&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;</pre>

  </div><div class="example">

   <p>Here, the user is offered a set of options from which he can
   select any number. By default, all five options are selected.</p>

   <pre>&lt;p&gt;
 &lt;label for="allowedunits"&gt;Select unit types to enable on this map:&lt;/label&gt;
 &lt;select id="allowedunits" name="allowedunits" multiple&gt;
  &lt;option value="1" selected&gt; Miner &lt;/option&gt;
  &lt;option value="2" selected&gt; Puffer &lt;/option&gt;
  &lt;option value="3" selected&gt; Snipey &lt;/option&gt;
  &lt;option value="4" selected&gt; Max &lt;/option&gt;
  &lt;option value="5" selected&gt; Firebot &lt;/option&gt;
 &lt;/select&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;</pre>

  </div>
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</script><link href="the-option-element.html" rel="prev" title="4.10.12 The option element">
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   <h1>HTML5 <span class="edition">Edition for Web Authors</span> <span class="rcsrevision">revision 1.4918</span></h1>
   </div><div>
   <a href="the-option-element.html">&larr; 4.10.12 The option element</a> &ndash;
   <a href="Overview.html#contents">Table of contents</a> &ndash;
   <a href="the-keygen-element.html">4.10.14 The keygen element &rarr;</a>
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  <h4 id="the-textarea-element"><span class="secno">4.10.13 </span>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>textarea</code></dfn> element</h4><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_128">Flow content</a>.</dd>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_146">Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#interactive-content" id="interactive-content_16">Interactive content</a>.</dd>
   <dd><a href="forms.html#category-listed" id="category-listed_7" title="category-listed">Listed</a>, <a href="forms.html#category-label" id="category-label_5" title="category-label">labelable</a>, <a href="forms.html#category-submit" id="category-submit_6" title="category-submit">submittable</a>, and <a href="forms.html#category-reset" id="category-reset_3" title="category-reset">resettable</a> <a href="forms.html#form-associated-element" id="form-associated-element_11">form-associated element</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Contexts in which this element can be used:</dt>
   <dd>Where <a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_147">phrasing content</a> is expected.</dd>
   <dt>Content model:</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#text-content" id="text-content_6" title="text content">Text</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
   <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes" id="global-attributes_94">Global attributes</a></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-fe-autofocus"><a href="association-of-controls-and-forms.html#attr-fe-autofocus" id="autofocus_5">autofocus</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-textarea-cols"><a href="#attr-textarea-cols" id="cols">cols</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-textarea-dirname"><a href="#attr-textarea-dirname" id="dirname_26">dirname</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-fe-disabled"><a href="association-of-controls-and-forms.html#attr-fe-disabled" id="disabled_17">disabled</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-fae-form"><a href="association-of-controls-and-forms.html#attr-fae-form" id="form_53">form</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-textarea-maxlength"><a href="#attr-textarea-maxlength" id="maxlength_27">maxlength</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-fe-name"><a href="association-of-controls-and-forms.html#attr-fe-name" id="name_42">name</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-textarea-placeholder"><a href="#attr-textarea-placeholder" id="placeholder_28">placeholder</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-textarea-readonly"><a href="#attr-textarea-readonly" id="readonly_41">readonly</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-textarea-required"><a href="#attr-textarea-required" id="required_33">required</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-textarea-rows"><a href="#attr-textarea-rows" id="rows">rows</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-textarea-wrap"><a href="#attr-textarea-wrap" id="wrap">wrap</a></code></dd>
   <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
   <dd>
<pre class="idl">interface <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="htmltextareaelement" role="button" tabindex="0">HTMLTextAreaElement</dfn> : <a href="elements.html#htmlelement" id="htmlelement_105">HTMLElement</a> {
           attribute boolean <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/association-of-controls-and-forms.html#dom-fe-autofocus" title='Read about this "autofocus" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>autofocus</a>;
           attribute unsigned long <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-button-element.html#dom-textarea-cols" title='Read about this "cols" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>cols</a>;
           attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-button-element.html#dom-textarea-dirname" title='Read about this "dirName" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>dirName</a>;
           attribute boolean <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/association-of-controls-and-forms.html#dom-fe-disabled" title='Read about this "disabled" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>disabled</a>;
  readonly attribute <a href="the-form-element.html#htmlformelement" id="htmlformelement_8">HTMLFormElement</a> <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/association-of-controls-and-forms.html#dom-fae-form" title='Read about this "form" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>form</a>;
           attribute long <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-button-element.html#dom-textarea-maxlength" title='Read about this "maxLength" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>maxLength</a>;
           attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/association-of-controls-and-forms.html#dom-fe-name" title='Read about this "name" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>name</a>;
           attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-button-element.html#dom-textarea-placeholder" title='Read about this "placeholder" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>placeholder</a>;
           attribute boolean <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-button-element.html#dom-textarea-readonly" title='Read about this "readOnly" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>readOnly</a>;
           attribute boolean <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-button-element.html#dom-textarea-required" title='Read about this "required" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>required</a>;
           attribute unsigned long <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-button-element.html#dom-textarea-rows" title='Read about this "rows" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>rows</a>;
           attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-button-element.html#dom-textarea-wrap" title='Read about this "wrap" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>wrap</a>;

  readonly attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-button-element.html#dom-textarea-type" title='Read about this "type" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>type</a>;
           attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-button-element.html#dom-textarea-defaultvalue" title='Read about this "defaultValue" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>defaultValue</a>;
           attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-button-element.html#dom-textarea-value" title='Read about this "value" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>value</a>;
  readonly attribute unsigned long <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-button-element.html#dom-textarea-textlength" title='Read about this "textLength" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>textLength</a>;

  readonly attribute boolean <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/association-of-controls-and-forms.html#dom-cva-willvalidate" title='Read about this "willValidate" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>willValidate</a>;
  readonly attribute <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/association-of-controls-and-forms.html#validitystate" title='Read about this "ValidityState" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>ValidityState</a> <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/association-of-controls-and-forms.html#dom-cva-validity" title='Read about this "validity" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>validity</a>;
  readonly attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/association-of-controls-and-forms.html#dom-cva-validationmessage" title='Read about this "validationMessage" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>validationMessage</a>;
  boolean <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/association-of-controls-and-forms.html#dom-cva-checkvalidatity" title='Read about this "checkValidity" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>checkValidity</a>();
  void <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/association-of-controls-and-forms.html#dom-cva-setcustomvalidity" title='Read about this "setCustomValidity" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>setCustomValidity</a>(in DOMString error);

  readonly attribute <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/infrastructure.html#nodelist" title='Read about this "NodeList" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>NodeList</a> <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/forms.html#dom-lfe-labels" title='Read about this "labels" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>labels</a>;

  void <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/association-of-controls-and-forms.html#dom-textarea-input-select" title='Read about this "select" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>select</a>();
           attribute unsigned long <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/association-of-controls-and-forms.html#dom-textarea-input-selectionstart" title='Read about this "selectionStart" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>selectionStart</a>;
           attribute unsigned long <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/association-of-controls-and-forms.html#dom-textarea-input-selectionend" title='Read about this "selectionEnd" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>selectionEnd</a>;
           attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/association-of-controls-and-forms.html#dom-textarea-input-selectiondirection" title='Read about this "selectionDirection" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>selectionDirection</a>;
  void <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/association-of-controls-and-forms.html#dom-textarea-input-setselectionrange" title='Read about this "setSelectionRange" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>setSelectionRange</a>(in unsigned long start, in unsigned long end, in optional DOMString direction);
};</pre>
   </dd>
  </dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-textarea-element" id="textarea_24">textarea</a></code> element <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/rendering.html#represents" title='Read about this "represents" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>represents</a> a
  multiline plain text edit control. The contents of the control represent the
  control's default value.<p>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-textarea-readonly" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>readonly</code></dfn> attribute
  is a <a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#boolean-attribute" id="boolean-attribute_18">boolean attribute</a> used to control whether the text
  can be edited by the user or not.<p>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-textarea-cols" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>cols</code></dfn>
  attribute specifies the expected maximum number of characters per
  line. If the <code title="attr-textarea-cols"><a href="#attr-textarea-cols" id="cols_0">cols</a></code> attribute
  is specified, its value must be a <a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#valid-non-negative-integer" id="valid-non-negative-integer_11">valid non-negative
  integer</a> greater than zero. <p>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-textarea-rows" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>rows</code></dfn>
  attribute specifies the number of lines to show. If the <code title="attr-textarea-rows"><a href="#attr-textarea-rows" id="rows_0">rows</a></code> attribute is specified, its
  value must be a <a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#valid-non-negative-integer" id="valid-non-negative-integer_12">valid non-negative integer</a> greater than
  zero. <p>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-textarea-wrap" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>wrap</code></dfn>
  attribute is an <a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#enumerated-attribute" id="enumerated-attribute_10">enumerated attribute</a> with two keywords
  and states: the <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-textarea-wrap-soft" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>soft</code></dfn> keyword
  which maps to the <a href="#attr-textarea-wrap-soft-state" id="attr-textarea-wrap-soft-state_0" title="attr-textarea-wrap-soft-state">Soft</a> state, and the
  <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-textarea-wrap-hard" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>hard</code></dfn> keyword
  which maps to the <a href="#attr-textarea-wrap-hard-state" id="attr-textarea-wrap-hard-state_0" title="attr-textarea-wrap-hard-state">Hard</a> state. The
  <i>missing value default</i> is the <a href="#attr-textarea-wrap-soft-state" id="attr-textarea-wrap-soft-state_1" title="attr-textarea-wrap-soft-state">Soft</a> state.<p>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-textarea-wrap-soft-state" role="button" tabindex="0">Soft</dfn> state
  indicates that the text in the <code><a href="#the-textarea-element" id="textarea_25">textarea</a></code> is not to be
  wrapped when it is submitted (though it can still be wrapped in the
  rendering).<p>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-textarea-wrap-hard-state" role="button" tabindex="0">Hard</dfn> state
  indicates that the text in the <code><a href="#the-textarea-element" id="textarea_26">textarea</a></code> is to have
  newlines added by the user agent so that the text is wrapped when it
  is submitted.<p>If the element's <code title="attr-textarea-wrap"><a href="#attr-textarea-wrap" id="wrap_0">wrap</a></code>
  attribute is in the <a href="#attr-textarea-wrap-hard-state" id="attr-textarea-wrap-hard-state_1" title="attr-textarea-wrap-hard-state">Hard</a> state, the <code title="attr-textarea-cols"><a href="#attr-textarea-cols" id="cols_1">cols</a></code> attribute must be
  specified.<p>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-textarea-maxlength" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>maxlength</code></dfn>
  attribute is a <a href="association-of-controls-and-forms.html#attr-fe-maxlength" id="attr-fe-maxlength_1" title="attr-fe-maxlength">form control <code title="">maxlength</code> attribute</a> controlled by the
  <code><a href="#the-textarea-element" id="textarea_27">textarea</a></code> element's <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-button-element.html#concept-textarea-dirty" title='Read about this "dirty value flag" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>dirty value flag</a>.<p>If the <code><a href="#the-textarea-element" id="textarea_28">textarea</a></code> element has a <a href="association-of-controls-and-forms.html#maximum-allowed-value-length" id="maximum-allowed-value-length_2">maximum allowed
  value length</a>, then the element's children must be such that
  the <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/common-microsyntaxes.html#code-point-length" title='Read about this "code-point length" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>code-point length</a> of the value of the element's
  <code><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/infrastructure.html#textcontent" title='Read about this "textContent" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>textContent</a></code> IDL attribute is equal to or less than the
  element's <a href="association-of-controls-and-forms.html#maximum-allowed-value-length" id="maximum-allowed-value-length_3">maximum allowed value length</a>.<p>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-textarea-required" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>required</code></dfn> attribute
  is a <a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#boolean-attribute" id="boolean-attribute_19">boolean attribute</a>. When specified, the user will
  be required to enter a value before submitting the form.<p>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-textarea-placeholder" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>placeholder</code></dfn>
  attribute represents a hint (a word or short phrase) intended to aid
  the user with data entry. A hint could be a sample value or a brief
  description of the expected format. The attribute, if specified,
  must have a value that contains no U+000A LINE FEED (LF) or U+000D
  CARRIAGE RETURN (CR) characters.<p class="note">For a longer hint or other advisory text, the <code title="attr-title"><a href="elements.html#the-title-attribute" id="title_26">title</a></code> attribute is more appropriate.<p>The <code title="attr-textarea-placeholder"><a href="#attr-textarea-placeholder" id="placeholder_29">placeholder</a></code>
  attribute should not be used as an alternative to a
  <code><a href="the-label-element.html#the-label-element" id="label_20">label</a></code>.<p>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-textarea-dirname" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>dirname</code></dfn>
  attribute is a <a href="association-of-controls-and-forms.html#form-control-dirname-attribute" id="form-control-dirname-attribute_1">form control <code title="">dirname</code>
  attribute</a>.<p>The <code title="attr-fae-form"><a href="association-of-controls-and-forms.html#attr-fae-form" id="form_54">form</a></code> attribute is used to
  explicitly associate the <code><a href="#the-textarea-element" id="textarea_29">textarea</a></code> element with its
  <a href="association-of-controls-and-forms.html#form-owner" id="form-owner_10">form owner</a>. The <code title="attr-fe-name"><a href="association-of-controls-and-forms.html#attr-fe-name" id="name_43">name</a></code>
  attribute represents the element's name. The <code title="attr-fe-disabled"><a href="association-of-controls-and-forms.html#attr-fe-disabled" id="disabled_18">disabled</a></code> attribute is used to make
  the control non-interactive and to prevent its value from being
  submitted. The <code title="attr-fe-autofocus"><a href="association-of-controls-and-forms.html#attr-fe-autofocus" id="autofocus_6">autofocus</a></code>
  attribute controls focus.<dl class="domintro"><dt><var title="">textarea</var> . <code title="attr-textarea-type">type</code></dt>

   <dd>

    <p>Returns the string "<code title="">textarea</code>".</p>

   </dd>

   <dt><var title="">textarea</var> . <code title="attr-textarea-value">value</code></dt>

   <dd>

    <p>Returns the current value of the element.</p>

    <p>Can be set, to change the value.</p>

   </dd>

  </dl><div class="example">

   <p>Here is an example of a <code><a href="#the-textarea-element" id="textarea_30">textarea</a></code> being used for
   unrestricted free-form text input in a form:</p>

   <pre>&lt;p&gt;If you have any comments, please let us know: &lt;textarea cols=80 name=comments&gt;&lt;/textarea&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</pre>

   <p>To specify a maximum length for the comments, one can use
   the <code title="attr-textarea-maxlength"><a href="#attr-textarea-maxlength" id="maxlength_28">maxlength</a></code>
   attribute:</p>

   <pre>&lt;p&gt;If you have any short comments, please let us know: &lt;textarea cols=80 name=comments maxlength=200&gt;&lt;/textarea&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</pre>

   <p>To give a default value, text can be included inside the element:</p>

   <pre>&lt;p&gt;If you have any comments, please let us know: &lt;textarea cols=80 name=comments&gt;You rock!&lt;/textarea&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</pre>

   <p>To have the browser submit <a href="elements.html#the-directionality" id="the-directionality_9">the directionality</a> of
   the element along with the value, the <code title="attr-textarea-dirname"><a href="#attr-textarea-dirname" id="dirname_27">dirname</a></code> attribute can be
   specified:</p>

   <pre>&lt;p&gt;If you have any comments, please let us know (you may use either English or Hebrew for your comments):
&lt;textarea cols=80 name=comments dirname=comments.dir&gt;&lt;/textarea&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</pre>

  </div>
--- NEW FILE: the-colgroup-element.html ---
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</script><link href="the-caption-element.html" rel="prev" title="4.9.2 The caption element">
  <link href="Overview.html#contents" rel="index" title="Table of contents">
  <link href="the-col-element.html" rel="next" title="4.9.4 The col element">
  <body class="split chapter" onload="fixBrokenLink(); init()"><div class="head" id="head">
   <p><a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img alt="W3C" height="48" src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" width="72"></a></p>

   <h1>HTML5 <span class="edition">Edition for Web Authors</span> <span class="rcsrevision">revision 1.4918</span></h1>
   </div><div>
   <a href="the-caption-element.html">&larr; 4.9.2 The caption element</a> &ndash;
   <a href="Overview.html#contents">Table of contents</a> &ndash;
   <a href="the-col-element.html">4.9.4 The col element &rarr;</a>
  </div>

  <h4 id="the-colgroup-element"><span class="secno">4.9.3 </span>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>colgroup</code></dfn> element</h4><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
   <dd>None.</dd>
   <dt>Contexts in which this element can be used:</dt>
   <dd>As a child of a <code><a href="the-table-element.html#the-table-element" id="table_9">table</a></code> element, after any
   <code><a href="the-caption-element.html#the-caption-element" id="caption_9">caption</a></code> elements and before any <code><a href="the-thead-element.html#the-thead-element" id="thead_5">thead</a></code>,
   <code><a href="the-tbody-element.html#the-tbody-element" id="tbody_3">tbody</a></code>, <code><a href="the-tfoot-element.html#the-tfoot-element" id="tfoot_7">tfoot</a></code>, and <code><a href="the-tr-element.html#the-tr-element" id="tr_5">tr</a></code>
   elements.</dd>
   <dt>Content model:</dt>
   <dd>If the <code title="attr-colgroup-span"><a href="#attr-colgroup-span" id="span_19">span</a></code> attribute is present: Empty.</dd>
   <dd>If the <code title="attr-colgroup-span"><a href="#attr-colgroup-span" id="span_20">span</a></code> attribute is absent: Zero or more <code><a href="the-col-element.html#the-col-element" id="col">col</a></code> elements.</dd>
   <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
   <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes" id="global-attributes_76">Global attributes</a></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-colgroup-span"><a href="#attr-colgroup-span" id="span_21">span</a></code></dd>
   <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
   <dd>
<pre class="idl">interface <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="htmltablecolelement" role="button" tabindex="0">HTMLTableColElement</dfn> : <a href="elements.html#htmlelement" id="htmlelement_84">HTMLElement</a> {
           attribute unsigned long <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/tabular-data.html#dom-colgroup-span" title='Read about this "span" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>span</a>;
};</pre>
   </dd>
  </dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-colgroup-element" id="colgroup_0">colgroup</a></code> element <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/rendering.html#represents" title='Read about this "represents" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>represents</a> a <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/tabular-data.html#concept-column-group" title='Read about this "group" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>group</a> of one or more <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/tabular-data.html#concept-column" title='Read about this "columns" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>columns</a> in the <code><a href="the-table-element.html#the-table-element" id="table_10">table</a></code> that
  is its parent, if it has a parent and that is a <code><a href="the-table-element.html#the-table-element" id="table_11">table</a></code>
  element.<p>If the <code><a href="#the-colgroup-element" id="colgroup_1">colgroup</a></code> element contains no <code><a href="the-col-element.html#the-col-element" id="col_0">col</a></code>
  elements, then the element may have a <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-colgroup-span" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>span</code></dfn> content attribute
  specified, whose value must be a <a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#valid-non-negative-integer" id="valid-non-negative-integer_5">valid non-negative
  integer</a> greater than zero.
--- NEW FILE: the-video-element.html ---
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</script><link href="the-param-element.html" rel="prev" title="4.8.5 The param element">
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   <p><a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img alt="W3C" height="48" src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" width="72"></a></p>

   <h1>HTML5 <span class="edition">Edition for Web Authors</span> <span class="rcsrevision">revision 1.4918</span></h1>
   </div><div>
   <a href="the-param-element.html">&larr; 4.8.5 The param element</a> &ndash;
   <a href="Overview.html#contents">Table of contents</a> &ndash;
   <a href="the-audio-element.html">4.8.7 The audio element &rarr;</a>
  </div>

  <h4 id="the-video-element"><span class="secno">4.8.6 </span>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>video</code></dfn> element</h4><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_101">Flow content</a>.</dd>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_118">Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#embedded-content" id="embedded-content_13">Embedded content</a>.</dd>
   <dd>If the element has a <code title="attr-media-controls"><a href="the-track-element.html#attr-media-controls" id="controls_1">controls</a></code> attribute: <a href="content-models.html#interactive-content" id="interactive-content_8">Interactive content</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Contexts in which this element can be used:</dt>
   <dd>Where <a href="content-models.html#embedded-content" id="embedded-content_14">embedded content</a> is expected.</dd>
   <dt>Content model:</dt>
   <dd>If the element has a <code title="attr-media-src"><a href="the-track-element.html#attr-media-src" id="src_31">src</a></code> attribute:
 zero or more <code><a href="the-track-element.html#the-track-element" id="track_4">track</a></code> elements, then
 <a href="content-models.html#transparent" id="transparent_7">transparent</a>, but with no <a href="the-track-element.html#media-element" id="media-element_1">media element</a> descendants.</dd>
   <dd>If the element does not have a <code title="attr-media-src"><a href="the-track-element.html#attr-media-src" id="src_32">src</a></code> attribute: zero or more <code><a href="the-source-element.html#the-source-element" id="source_1">source</a></code> elements, then
 zero or more <code><a href="the-track-element.html#the-track-element" id="track_5">track</a></code> elements, then
 <a href="content-models.html#transparent" id="transparent_8">transparent</a>, but with no <a href="the-track-element.html#media-element" id="media-element_2">media element</a> descendants.</dd>
   <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
   <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes" id="global-attributes_67">Global attributes</a></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-media-src"><a href="the-track-element.html#attr-media-src" id="src_33">src</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-video-poster"><a href="#attr-video-poster" id="poster">poster</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-media-preload"><a href="the-track-element.html#attr-media-preload" id="preload">preload</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-media-autoplay"><a href="the-track-element.html#attr-media-autoplay" id="autoplay">autoplay</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-media-mediagroup"><a href="the-track-element.html#attr-media-mediagroup" id="mediagroup">mediagroup</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-media-loop"><a href="the-track-element.html#attr-media-loop" id="loop">loop</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-media-muted"><a href="the-track-element.html#attr-media-muted" id="muted">muted</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-media-controls"><a href="the-track-element.html#attr-media-controls" id="controls_2">controls</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-dim-width"><a href="the-area-element.html#attr-dim-width" id="width_8">width</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-dim-height"><a href="the-area-element.html#attr-dim-height" id="height_8">height</a></code></dd>
   <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
   <dd>
    <pre class="idl">interface <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="htmlvideoelement" role="button" tabindex="0">HTMLVideoElement</dfn> : <a href="the-track-element.html#htmlmediaelement" id="htmlmediaelement_0">HTMLMediaElement</a> {
           attribute unsigned long <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-map-element.html#dom-dim-width" title='Read about this "width" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>width</a>;
           attribute unsigned long <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-map-element.html#dom-dim-height" title='Read about this "height" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>height</a>;
  readonly attribute unsigned long <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-iframe-element.html#dom-video-videowidth" title='Read about this "videoWidth" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>videoWidth</a>;
  readonly attribute unsigned long <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-iframe-element.html#dom-video-videoheight" title='Read about this "videoHeight" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>videoHeight</a>;
           attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-iframe-element.html#dom-video-poster" title='Read about this "poster" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>poster</a>;
};</pre>
   </dd>
  </dl><p>A <code><a href="#the-video-element" id="video_15">video</a></code> element is used for playing videos or
  movies, and audio files with captions.<p>Content may be provided inside the <code><a href="#the-video-element" id="video_16">video</a></code>
  element; it is intended for older Web browsers which do
  not support <code><a href="#the-video-element" id="video_17">video</a></code>, so that legacy video plugins can be
  tried, or to show text to the users of these older browsers informing
  them of how to access the video contents.<p class="note">In particular, this content is not intended to
  address accessibility concerns. To make video content accessible to
  the blind, deaf, and those with other physical or cognitive
  disabilities, authors are expected to provide alternative media
  streams and/or to embed accessibility aids (such as caption or
  subtitle tracks, audio description tracks, or sign-language
  overlays) into their media streams.<p>The <code><a href="#the-video-element" id="video_18">video</a></code> element is a <a href="the-track-element.html#media-element" id="media-element_3">media element</a>
  whose <a href="the-track-element.html#media-data" id="media-data_0">media data</a> is ostensibly video data, possibly
  with associated audio data.<p>The <code title="attr-media-src"><a href="the-track-element.html#attr-media-src" id="src_34">src</a></code>, <code title="attr-media-preload"><a href="the-track-element.html#attr-media-preload" id="preload_0">preload</a></code>, <code title="attr-media-autoplay"><a href="the-track-element.html#attr-media-autoplay" id="autoplay_0">autoplay</a></code>, 
  <code title="attr-media-mediagroup"><a href="the-track-element.html#attr-media-mediagroup" id="mediagroup_0">mediagroup</a></code>, 
  <code title="attr-media-loop"><a href="the-track-element.html#attr-media-loop" id="loop_0">loop</a></code>,
  <code title="attr-media-muted"><a href="the-track-element.html#attr-media-muted" id="muted_0">muted</a></code>, and <code title="attr-media-controls"><a href="the-track-element.html#attr-media-controls" id="controls_3">controls</a></code> attributes are <a href="the-track-element.html#media-element-attributes" id="media-element-attributes_0" title="media element attributes">the attributes common to all media
  elements</a>.<p>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-video-poster" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>poster</code></dfn>
  attribute gives the address of an image file that the user agent can
  show while no video data is available. The attribute, if present,
  must contain a <a href="urls.html#valid-non-empty-url-potentially-surrounded-by-spaces" id="valid-non-empty-url-potentially-surrounded-by-spaces_7">valid non-empty URL potentially surrounded by
  spaces</a>.<p class="note">The image given by the <code title="attr-video-poster"><a href="#attr-video-poster" id="poster_0">poster</a></code> attribute, the <i><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-iframe-element.html#poster-frame" title='Read about this "poster frame" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>poster
  frame</a></i>, is intended to be a representative frame of the video
  (typically one of the first non-blank frames) that gives the user an
  idea of what the video is like.<dl class="domintro"><dt><var title="">video</var> . <code title="dom-video-videoWidth"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-iframe-element.html#dom-video-videowidth" title='Read about this "videoWidth" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>videoWidth</a></code></dt>
   <dt><var title="">video</var> . <code title="dom-video-videoHeight"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-iframe-element.html#dom-video-videoheight" title='Read about this "videoHeight" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>videoHeight</a></code></dt>

   <dd>

    <p>These attributes return the intrinsic dimensions of the video,
    or zero if the dimensions are not known.</p>

   </dd>

  </dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-video-element" id="video_19">video</a></code> element supports <a href="the-area-element.html#dimension-attributes" id="dimension-attributes_4">dimension
  attributes</a>.<div class="example">

   <p>This example shows how to detect when a video has failed to play
   correctly:</p>

   <pre>&lt;script&gt;
 function failed(e) {
   // video playback failed - show a message saying why
   switch (e.target.error.code) {
     case e.target.error.MEDIA_ERR_ABORTED:
       alert('You aborted the video playback.');
       break;
     case e.target.error.MEDIA_ERR_NETWORK:
       alert('A network error caused the video download to fail part-way.');
       break;
     case e.target.error.MEDIA_ERR_DECODE:
       alert('The video playback was aborted due to a corruption problem or because the video used features your browser did not support.');
       break;
     case e.target.error.MEDIA_ERR_SRC_NOT_SUPPORTED:
       alert('The video could not be loaded, either because the server or network failed or because the format is not supported.');
       break;
     default:
       alert('An unknown error occurred.');
       break;
   }
 }
&lt;/script&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;video src="tgif.vid" autoplay controls onerror="failed(event)"&gt;&lt;/video&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="tgif.vid"&gt;Download the video file&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>

  </div>
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  <link href="Overview.html#contents" rel="index" title="Table of contents">
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  <body class="split chapter" onload="fixBrokenLink(); init()"><div class="head" id="head">
   <p><a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img alt="W3C" height="48" src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" width="72"></a></p>

   <h1>HTML5 <span class="edition">Edition for Web Authors</span> <span class="rcsrevision">revision 1.4918</span></h1>
   </div><div>
   <a href="tabular-data.html">&larr; 4.9 Tabular data</a> &ndash;
   <a href="Overview.html#contents">Table of contents</a> &ndash;
   <a href="the-caption-element.html">4.9.2 The caption element &rarr;</a>
  <ol class="toc"><li><ol><li><ol><li><a href="the-table-element.html#the-table-element" id="x4.9.1-the-table-element"><span class="secno">4.9.1 </span>The <code>table</code> element</a>
      <ol><li><a href="the-table-element.html#table-descriptions-techniques"><span class="secno">4.9.1.1 </span>Techniques for describing tables</a><li><a href="the-table-element.html#table-layout-techniques"><span class="secno">4.9.1.2 </span>Techniques for table layout</a></ol></ol></ol></ol></div>

  <h4 id="the-table-element"><span class="secno">4.9.1 </span>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>table</code></dfn> element</h4><p class="XXX annotation"><span><a href="http://www.w3.org/html/wg/tracker/issues/92">ISSUE-92</a> (cleanuptable) and <a href="http://www.w3.org/html/wg/tracker/issues/130">ISSUE-130</a> (table-layout) block progress to Last Call</span><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_112">Flow content</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Contexts in which this element can be used:</dt>
   <dd>Where <a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_113">flow content</a> is expected.</dd>
   <dt>Content model:</dt>
   <dd>In this order: optionally a <code><a href="the-caption-element.html#the-caption-element" id="caption">caption</a></code> element,
   followed by zero or more <code><a href="the-colgroup-element.html#the-colgroup-element" id="colgroup">colgroup</a></code> elements, followed
   optionally by a <code><a href="the-thead-element.html#the-thead-element" id="thead">thead</a></code> element, followed optionally by
   a <code><a href="the-tfoot-element.html#the-tfoot-element" id="tfoot">tfoot</a></code> element, followed by either zero or more
   <code><a href="the-tbody-element.html#the-tbody-element" id="tbody">tbody</a></code> elements or one or more <code><a href="the-tr-element.html#the-tr-element" id="tr_0">tr</a></code>
   elements, followed optionally by a <code><a href="the-tfoot-element.html#the-tfoot-element" id="tfoot_0">tfoot</a></code> element (but
   there can only be one <code><a href="the-tfoot-element.html#the-tfoot-element" id="tfoot_1">tfoot</a></code> element child in
   total).</dd>
   <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
   <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes" id="global-attributes_74">Global attributes</a></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-table-border"><a href="#attr-table-border" id="border">border</a></code></dd>
   <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
   <dd>
<pre class="idl">interface <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="htmltableelement" role="button" tabindex="0">HTMLTableElement</dfn> : <a href="elements.html#htmlelement" id="htmlelement_77">HTMLElement</a> {
           attribute <a href="the-caption-element.html#htmltablecaptionelement" id="htmltablecaptionelement_0">HTMLTableCaptionElement</a> <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/tabular-data.html#dom-table-caption" title='Read about this "caption" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>caption</a>;
  <a href="elements.html#htmlelement" id="htmlelement_78">HTMLElement</a> <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/tabular-data.html#dom-table-createcaption" title='Read about this "createCaption" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>createCaption</a>();
  void <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/tabular-data.html#dom-table-deletecaption" title='Read about this "deleteCaption" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>deleteCaption</a>();
           attribute <a href="the-tbody-element.html#htmltablesectionelement" id="htmltablesectionelement_0">HTMLTableSectionElement</a> <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/tabular-data.html#dom-table-thead" title='Read about this "tHead" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>tHead</a>;
  <a href="elements.html#htmlelement" id="htmlelement_79">HTMLElement</a> <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/tabular-data.html#dom-table-createthead" title='Read about this "createTHead" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>createTHead</a>();
  void <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/tabular-data.html#dom-table-deletethead" title='Read about this "deleteTHead" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>deleteTHead</a>();
           attribute <a href="the-tbody-element.html#htmltablesectionelement" id="htmltablesectionelement_1">HTMLTableSectionElement</a> <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/tabular-data.html#dom-table-tfoot" title='Read about this "tFoot" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>tFoot</a>;
  <a href="elements.html#htmlelement" id="htmlelement_80">HTMLElement</a> <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/tabular-data.html#dom-table-createtfoot" title='Read about this "createTFoot" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>createTFoot</a>();
  void <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/tabular-data.html#dom-table-deletetfoot" title='Read about this "deleteTFoot" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>deleteTFoot</a>();
  readonly attribute <a href="urls.html#htmlcollection" id="htmlcollection_23">HTMLCollection</a> <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/tabular-data.html#dom-table-tbodies" title='Read about this "tBodies" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>tBodies</a>;
  <a href="elements.html#htmlelement" id="htmlelement_81">HTMLElement</a> <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/tabular-data.html#dom-table-createtbody" title='Read about this "createTBody" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>createTBody</a>();
  readonly attribute <a href="urls.html#htmlcollection" id="htmlcollection_24">HTMLCollection</a> <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/tabular-data.html#dom-table-rows" title='Read about this "rows" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>rows</a>;
  <a href="elements.html#htmlelement" id="htmlelement_82">HTMLElement</a> <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/tabular-data.html#dom-table-insertrow" title='Read about this "insertRow" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>insertRow</a>(in optional long index);
  void <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/tabular-data.html#dom-table-deleterow" title='Read about this "deleteRow" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>deleteRow</a>(in long index);
           attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/tabular-data.html#dom-table-border" title='Read about this "border" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>border</a>;
};</pre>
   </dd>
  </dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-table-element" id="table_1">table</a></code> element <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/rendering.html#represents" title='Read about this "represents" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>represents</a> data with
  more than one dimension, in the form of a <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/tabular-data.html#concept-table" title='Read about this "table" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>table</a>.<p>Tables have rows, columns, and cells given by their descendants.
  The rows and columns form a grid; a table's cells must completely
  cover that grid without overlap.<hr><p>Authors are encouraged to provide information describing how to
  interpret complex tables. Guidance on how <a href="#table-descriptions-techniques">provide such information</a>
  is given below.<hr><p>Tables should not be used as layout aids.

  Historically, many Web authors have tables in HTML as a way to
  control their page layout making it difficult to extract tabular
  data from such documents.

  In particular, users of accessibility tools, like screen readers,
  are likely to find it very difficult to navigate pages with tables
  used for layout.

  If a table is to be used for layout it must be marked with the
  attribute role="presentation" for a user agent to properly represent
  the table to an assistive technology and to properly convey the
  intent of the author to tools that wish to extract tabular data from
  the document.<p class="note">There are a variety of alternatives to using HTML
  tables for layout, primarily using CSS positioning and the CSS table
  model.<p>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-table-border" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>border</code></dfn>
  attribute may be specified on a <code><a href="#the-table-element" id="table_2">table</a></code> element to
  explicitly indicate that the <code><a href="#the-table-element" id="table_3">table</a></code> element is not being
  used for layout purposes. If specified, the attribute's value must
  either be the empty string or the value "<code title="">1</code>".
  The attribute is used by certain user agents as an indication that
  borders should be drawn around cells of the table.<p class="note">Authors 
  are encouraged to consider using some of the <a href="#table-layout-techniques">table layout techniques</a>
  described below to make tables easier to navigate for users.<hr><dl class="domintro"><dt><var title="">table</var> . <code title="dom-table-caption"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/tabular-data.html#dom-table-caption" title='Read about this "caption" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>caption</a></code> [ = <var title="">value</var> ]</dt>
   <dd>
    <p>Returns the table's <code><a href="the-caption-element.html#the-caption-element" id="caption_0">caption</a></code> element.</p>
    <p>Can be set, to replace the <code><a href="the-caption-element.html#the-caption-element" id="caption_1">caption</a></code> element. If the
    new value is not a <code><a href="the-caption-element.html#the-caption-element" id="caption_2">caption</a></code> element, throws a
    <code><a href="urls.html#hierarchy_request_err" id="hierarchy_request_err_2">HIERARCHY_REQUEST_ERR</a></code> exception.</p>
   </dd>

   <dt><var title="">caption</var> = <var title="">table</var> . <code title="dom-table-createCaption"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/tabular-data.html#dom-table-createcaption" title='Read about this "createCaption" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>createCaption</a></code>()</dt>
   <dd>
    <p>Ensures the table has a <code><a href="the-caption-element.html#the-caption-element" id="caption_3">caption</a></code> element, and returns it.</p>
   </dd>

   <dt><var title="">table</var> . <code title="dom-table-deleteCaption"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/tabular-data.html#dom-table-deletecaption" title='Read about this "deleteCaption" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>deleteCaption</a></code>()</dt>
   <dd>
    <p>Ensures the table does not have a <code><a href="the-caption-element.html#the-caption-element" id="caption_4">caption</a></code> element.</p>
   </dd>

   <dt><var title="">table</var> . <code title="dom-table-tHead"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/tabular-data.html#dom-table-thead" title='Read about this "tHead" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>tHead</a></code> [ = <var title="">value</var> ]</dt>
   <dd>
    <p>Returns the table's <code><a href="the-thead-element.html#the-thead-element" id="thead_0">thead</a></code> element.</p>
    <p>Can be set, to replace the <code><a href="the-thead-element.html#the-thead-element" id="thead_1">thead</a></code> element. If the
    new value is not a <code><a href="the-thead-element.html#the-thead-element" id="thead_2">thead</a></code> element, throws a
    <code><a href="urls.html#hierarchy_request_err" id="hierarchy_request_err_3">HIERARCHY_REQUEST_ERR</a></code> exception.</p>
   </dd>

   <dt><var title="">thead</var> = <var title="">table</var> . <code title="dom-table-createTHead"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/tabular-data.html#dom-table-createthead" title='Read about this "createTHead" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>createTHead</a></code>()</dt>
   <dd>
    <p>Ensures the table has a <code><a href="the-thead-element.html#the-thead-element" id="thead_3">thead</a></code> element, and returns it.</p>
   </dd>

   <dt><var title="">table</var> . <code title="dom-table-deleteTHead"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/tabular-data.html#dom-table-deletethead" title='Read about this "deleteTHead" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>deleteTHead</a></code>()</dt>
   <dd>
    <p>Ensures the table does not have a <code><a href="the-thead-element.html#the-thead-element" id="thead_4">thead</a></code> element.</p>
   </dd>

   <dt><var title="">table</var> . <code title="dom-table-tFoot"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/tabular-data.html#dom-table-tfoot" title='Read about this "tFoot" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>tFoot</a></code> [ = <var title="">value</var> ]</dt>
   <dd>
    <p>Returns the table's <code><a href="the-tfoot-element.html#the-tfoot-element" id="tfoot_2">tfoot</a></code> element.</p>
    <p>Can be set, to replace the <code><a href="the-tfoot-element.html#the-tfoot-element" id="tfoot_3">tfoot</a></code> element. If the
    new value is not a <code><a href="the-tfoot-element.html#the-tfoot-element" id="tfoot_4">tfoot</a></code> element, throws a
    <code><a href="urls.html#hierarchy_request_err" id="hierarchy_request_err_4">HIERARCHY_REQUEST_ERR</a></code> exception.</p>
   </dd>

   <dt><var title="">tfoot</var> = <var title="">table</var> . <code title="dom-table-createTFoot"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/tabular-data.html#dom-table-createtfoot" title='Read about this "createTFoot" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>createTFoot</a></code>()</dt>
   <dd>
    <p>Ensures the table has a <code><a href="the-tfoot-element.html#the-tfoot-element" id="tfoot_5">tfoot</a></code> element, and returns it.</p>
   </dd>

   <dt><var title="">table</var> . <code title="dom-table-deleteTFoot"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/tabular-data.html#dom-table-deletetfoot" title='Read about this "deleteTFoot" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>deleteTFoot</a></code>()</dt>
   <dd>
    <p>Ensures the table does not have a <code><a href="the-tfoot-element.html#the-tfoot-element" id="tfoot_6">tfoot</a></code> element.</p>
   </dd>

   <dt><var title="">table</var> . <code title="dom-table-tBodies"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/tabular-data.html#dom-table-tbodies" title='Read about this "tBodies" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>tBodies</a></code></dt>
   <dd>
    <p>Returns an <code><a href="urls.html#htmlcollection" id="htmlcollection_25">HTMLCollection</a></code> of the <code><a href="the-tbody-element.html#the-tbody-element" id="tbody_0">tbody</a></code> elements of the table.</p>
   </dd>

   <dt><var title="">tbody</var> = <var title="">table</var> . <code title="dom-table-createTBody"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/tabular-data.html#dom-table-createtbody" title='Read about this "createTBody" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>createTBody</a></code>()</dt>
   <dd>
    <p>Creates a <code><a href="the-tbody-element.html#the-tbody-element" id="tbody_1">tbody</a></code> element, inserts it into the table, and returns it.</p>
   </dd>

   <dt><var title="">table</var> . <code title="dom-table-rows"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/tabular-data.html#dom-table-rows" title='Read about this "rows" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>rows</a></code></dt>
   <dd>
    <p>Returns an <code><a href="urls.html#htmlcollection" id="htmlcollection_26">HTMLCollection</a></code> of the <code><a href="the-tr-element.html#the-tr-element" id="tr_1">tr</a></code> elements of the table.</p>
   </dd>

   <dt><var title="">tr</var> = <var title="">table</var> . <code title="dom-table-insertRow"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/tabular-data.html#dom-table-insertrow" title='Read about this "insertRow" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>insertRow</a></code>(<var title="">index</var>)</dt>
   <dd>
    <p>Creates a <code><a href="the-tr-element.html#the-tr-element" id="tr_2">tr</a></code> element, along with a <code><a href="the-tbody-element.html#the-tbody-element" id="tbody_2">tbody</a></code> if required, inserts them into the table at the position given by the argument, and returns the <code><a href="the-tr-element.html#the-tr-element" id="tr_3">tr</a></code>.</p>
    <p>The position is relative to the rows in the table. The index &minus;1 is equivalent to inserting at the end of the table.</p>
    <p>If the given position is less than &minus;1 or greater than the number of rows, throws an <code><a href="urls.html#index_size_err" id="index_size_err_5">INDEX_SIZE_ERR</a></code> exception.</p>
   </dd>

   <dt><var title="">table</var> . <code title="dom-table-deleteRow"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/tabular-data.html#dom-table-deleterow" title='Read about this "deleteRow" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>deleteRow</a></code>(<var title="">index</var>)</dt>
   <dd>
    <p>Removes the <code><a href="the-tr-element.html#the-tr-element" id="tr_4">tr</a></code> element with the given position in the table.</p>
    <p>The position is relative to the rows in the table. The index &minus;1 is equivalent to deleting the last row of the table.</p>
    <p>If the given position is less than &minus;1 or greater than the index of the last row, or if there are no rows, throws an <code><a href="urls.html#index_size_err" id="index_size_err_6">INDEX_SIZE_ERR</a></code> exception.</p>
   </dd>

  </dl><div class="example">

   <p>Here is an example of a table being used to mark up a Sudoku
   puzzle. Observe the lack of headers, which are not necessary in
   such a table.</p>

   <pre>&lt;section&gt;
 &lt;style scoped&gt;
  table { border-collapse: collapse; border: solid thick; }
  colgroup, tbody { border: solid medium; }
  td { border: solid thin; height: 1.4em; width: 1.4em; text-align: center; padding: 0; }
 &lt;/style&gt;
 &lt;h1&gt;Today's Sudoku&lt;/h1&gt;
 &lt;table&gt;
  &lt;colgroup&gt;&lt;col&gt;&lt;col&gt;&lt;col&gt;
  &lt;colgroup&gt;&lt;col&gt;&lt;col&gt;&lt;col&gt;
  &lt;colgroup&gt;&lt;col&gt;&lt;col&gt;&lt;col&gt;
  &lt;tbody&gt;
   &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt; 1 &lt;td&gt;   &lt;td&gt; 3 &lt;td&gt; 6 &lt;td&gt;   &lt;td&gt; 4 &lt;td&gt; 7 &lt;td&gt;   &lt;td&gt; 9
   &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;   &lt;td&gt; 2 &lt;td&gt;   &lt;td&gt;   &lt;td&gt; 9 &lt;td&gt;   &lt;td&gt;   &lt;td&gt; 1 &lt;td&gt;
   &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt; 7 &lt;td&gt;   &lt;td&gt;   &lt;td&gt;   &lt;td&gt;   &lt;td&gt;   &lt;td&gt;   &lt;td&gt;   &lt;td&gt; 6
  &lt;tbody&gt;
   &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt; 2 &lt;td&gt;   &lt;td&gt; 4 &lt;td&gt;   &lt;td&gt; 3 &lt;td&gt;   &lt;td&gt; 9 &lt;td&gt;   &lt;td&gt; 8
   &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;   &lt;td&gt;   &lt;td&gt;   &lt;td&gt;   &lt;td&gt;   &lt;td&gt;   &lt;td&gt;   &lt;td&gt;   &lt;td&gt;
   &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt; 5 &lt;td&gt;   &lt;td&gt;   &lt;td&gt; 9 &lt;td&gt;   &lt;td&gt; 7 &lt;td&gt;   &lt;td&gt;   &lt;td&gt; 1
  &lt;tbody&gt;
   &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt; 6 &lt;td&gt;   &lt;td&gt;   &lt;td&gt;   &lt;td&gt; 5 &lt;td&gt;   &lt;td&gt;   &lt;td&gt;   &lt;td&gt; 2
   &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;   &lt;td&gt;   &lt;td&gt;   &lt;td&gt;   &lt;td&gt; 7 &lt;td&gt;   &lt;td&gt;   &lt;td&gt;   &lt;td&gt;
   &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt; 9 &lt;td&gt;   &lt;td&gt;   &lt;td&gt; 8 &lt;td&gt;   &lt;td&gt; 2 &lt;td&gt;   &lt;td&gt;   &lt;td&gt; 5
 &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/section&gt;</pre>

  </div><h5 id="table-descriptions-techniques"><span class="secno">4.9.1.1 </span>Techniques for describing tables</h5><p id="table-descriptions">For tables that consist of more than just
  a grid of cells with headers in the first row and headers in the
  first column, and for any table in general where the reader might
  have difficulty understanding the content, authors should include
  explanatory information introducing the table. This information is
  useful for all users, but is especially useful for users who cannot
  see the table, e.g. users of screen readers.<p>Such explanatory information should introduce the purpose of the
  table, outline its basic cell structure, highlight any trends or
  patterns, and generally teach the user how to use the table.<p>For instance, the following table:<table><caption>Characteristics with positive and negative sides</caption>
   <thead><tr><th id="n"> Negative
     <th> Characteristic
     <th> Positive
   <tbody><tr><td headers="n r1"> Sad
     <th id="r1"> Mood
     <td> Happy
    <tr><td headers="n r2"> Failing
     <th id="r2"> Grade
     <td> Passing
  </table><p>...might benefit from a description explaining the way the table
  is laid out, something like "Characteristics are given in the
  second column, with the negative side in the left column and the
  positive side in the right column".<p>There are a variety of ways to include this information, such as:<dl><dt>In prose, surrounding the table</dt>

   <dd>
    <div class="example"><pre>&lt;p&gt;In the following table, characteristics are given in the second
column, with the negative side in the left column and the positive
side in the right column.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table&gt;
 &lt;caption&gt;Characteristics with positive and negative sides&lt;/caption&gt;
 &lt;thead&gt;
  &lt;tr&gt;
   &lt;th id="n"&gt; Negative
   &lt;th&gt; Characteristic
   &lt;th&gt; Positive
 &lt;tbody&gt;
  &lt;tr&gt;
   &lt;td headers="n r1"&gt; Sad
   &lt;th id="r1"&gt; Mood
   &lt;td&gt; Happy
  &lt;tr&gt;
   &lt;td headers="n r2"&gt; Failing
   &lt;th id="r2"&gt; Grade
   &lt;td&gt; Passing
&lt;/table&gt;</pre></div>
   </dd>

   <dt>In the table's <code><a href="the-caption-element.html#the-caption-element" id="caption_5">caption</a></code></dt>

   <dd>
    <div class="example"><pre>&lt;table&gt;
 &lt;caption&gt;
  &lt;strong&gt;Characteristics with positive and negative sides.&lt;/strong&gt;
  &lt;p&gt;Characteristics are given in the second column, with the
  negative side in the left column and the positive side in the right
  column.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/caption&gt;
 &lt;thead&gt;
  &lt;tr&gt;
   &lt;th id="n"&gt; Negative
   &lt;th&gt; Characteristic
   &lt;th&gt; Positive
 &lt;tbody&gt;
  &lt;tr&gt;
   &lt;td headers="n r1"&gt; Sad
   &lt;th id="r1"&gt; Mood
   &lt;td&gt; Happy
  &lt;tr&gt;
   &lt;td headers="n r2"&gt; Failing
   &lt;th id="r2"&gt; Grade
   &lt;td&gt; Passing
&lt;/table&gt;</pre></div>
   </dd>

   <dt>In the table's <code><a href="the-caption-element.html#the-caption-element" id="caption_6">caption</a></code>, in a <code><a href="the-details-element.html#the-details-element" id="details_5">details</a></code> element</dt>

   <dd>
    <div class="example"><pre>&lt;table&gt;
 &lt;caption&gt;
  &lt;strong&gt;Characteristics with positive and negative sides.&lt;/strong&gt;
  &lt;details&gt;
   &lt;summary&gt;Help&lt;/summary&gt;
   &lt;p&gt;Characteristics are given in the second column, with the
   negative side in the left column and the positive side in the right
   column.&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;/details&gt;
 &lt;/caption&gt;
 &lt;thead&gt;
  &lt;tr&gt;
   &lt;th id="n"&gt; Negative
   &lt;th&gt; Characteristic
   &lt;th&gt; Positive
 &lt;tbody&gt;
  &lt;tr&gt;
   &lt;td headers="n r1"&gt; Sad
   &lt;th id="r1"&gt; Mood
   &lt;td&gt; Happy
  &lt;tr&gt;
   &lt;td headers="n r2"&gt; Failing
   &lt;th id="r2"&gt; Grade
   &lt;td&gt; Passing
&lt;/table&gt;</pre></div>
   </dd>

   <dt>Next to the table, in the same <code><a href="the-figure-element.html#the-figure-element" id="figure_13">figure</a></code></dt>

   <dd>
    <div class="example"><pre>&lt;figure&gt;
 &lt;figcaption&gt;Characteristics with positive and negative sides&lt;/figcaption&gt;
 &lt;p&gt;Characteristics are given in the second column, with the
 negative side in the left column and the positive side in the right
 column.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;table&gt;
  &lt;thead&gt;
   &lt;tr&gt;
    &lt;th id="n"&gt; Negative
    &lt;th&gt; Characteristic
    &lt;th&gt; Positive
  &lt;tbody&gt;
   &lt;tr&gt;
    &lt;td headers="n r1"&gt; Sad
    &lt;th id="r1"&gt; Mood
    &lt;td&gt; Happy
   &lt;tr&gt;
    &lt;td headers="n r2"&gt; Failing
    &lt;th id="r2"&gt; Grade
    &lt;td&gt; Passing
 &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/figure&gt;</pre></div>
   </dd>

   <dt>Next to the table, in a <code><a href="the-figure-element.html#the-figure-element" id="figure_14">figure</a></code>'s <code><a href="the-figcaption-element.html#the-figcaption-element" id="figcaption_10">figcaption</a></code></dt>

   <dd>
    <div class="example"><pre>&lt;figure&gt;
 &lt;figcaption&gt;
  &lt;strong&gt;Characteristics with positive and negative sides&lt;/strong&gt;
  &lt;p&gt;Characteristics are given in the second column, with the
  negative side in the left column and the positive side in the right
  column.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/figcaption&gt;
 &lt;table&gt;
  &lt;thead&gt;
   &lt;tr&gt;
    &lt;th id="n"&gt; Negative
    &lt;th&gt; Characteristic
    &lt;th&gt; Positive
  &lt;tbody&gt;
   &lt;tr&gt;
    &lt;td headers="n r1"&gt; Sad
    &lt;th id="r1"&gt; Mood
    &lt;td&gt; Happy
   &lt;tr&gt;
    &lt;td headers="n r2"&gt; Failing
    &lt;th id="r2"&gt; Grade
    &lt;td&gt; Passing
 &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/figure&gt;</pre></div>
   </dd>

  </dl><p>Authors may also use other techniques, or combinations of the
  above techniques, as appropriate.<p>The best option, of course, rather than writing a description
  explaining the way the table is laid out, is to adjust the table
  such that no explanation is needed.<div class="example">

   <p>In the case of the table used in the examples above, a simple
   rearrangement of the table so that the headers are on the top and
   left sides removes the need for an explanation as well as removing
   the need for the use of <code title="attr-tdth-headers"><a href="the-th-element.html#attr-tdth-headers" id="headers">headers</a></code> attributes:</p>

   <pre>&lt;table&gt;
 &lt;caption&gt;Characteristics with positive and negative sides&lt;/caption&gt;
 &lt;thead&gt;
  &lt;tr&gt;
   &lt;th&gt; Characteristic
   &lt;th&gt; Negative
   &lt;th&gt; Positive
 &lt;tbody&gt;
  &lt;tr&gt;
   &lt;th&gt; Mood
   &lt;td&gt; Sad
   &lt;td&gt; Happy
  &lt;tr&gt;
   &lt;th&gt; Grade
   &lt;td&gt; Failing
   &lt;td&gt; Passing
&lt;/table&gt;</pre>

  </div><h5 id="table-layout-techniques"><span class="secno">4.9.1.2 </span>Techniques for table layout</h5><p>Good table layout is key to making tables more readable and usable.<p>In visual media, providing column and row borders and alternating
  row backgrounds can be very effective to make complicated tables
  more readable.<p>For tables with large volumes of numeric content, using
  monospaced fonts can help users see patterns, especially in
  situations where a user agent does not render the borders.
  (Unfortunately, for historical reasons, not rendering borders on
  tables is a common default.)<p>In speech media, table cells can be distinguished by reporting
  the corresponding headers before reading the cell's contents, and by
  allowing users to navigate the table in a grid fashion, rather than
  serialising the entire contents of the table in source order.<p>Authors are encouraged to use CSS to achieve these effects.
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</script><link href="the-video-element.html" rel="prev" title="4.8.6 The video element">
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   <p><a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img alt="W3C" height="48" src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" width="72"></a></p>

   <h1>HTML5 <span class="edition">Edition for Web Authors</span> <span class="rcsrevision">revision 1.4918</span></h1>
   </div><div>
   <a href="the-video-element.html">&larr; 4.8.6 The video element</a> &ndash;
   <a href="Overview.html#contents">Table of contents</a> &ndash;
   <a href="the-source-element.html">4.8.8 The source element &rarr;</a>
  </div>

  <h4 id="the-audio-element"><span class="secno">4.8.7 </span>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>audio</code></dfn> element</h4><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_102">Flow content</a>.</dd>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_119">Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#embedded-content" id="embedded-content_15">Embedded content</a>.</dd>
   <dd>If the element has a <code title="attr-media-controls"><a href="the-track-element.html#attr-media-controls" id="controls_4">controls</a></code> attribute: <a href="content-models.html#interactive-content" id="interactive-content_9">Interactive content</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Contexts in which this element can be used:</dt>
   <dd>Where <a href="content-models.html#embedded-content" id="embedded-content_16">embedded content</a> is expected.</dd>
   <dt>Content model:</dt>
   <dd>If the element has a <code title="attr-media-src"><a href="the-track-element.html#attr-media-src" id="src_35">src</a></code> attribute: 
zero or more <code><a href="the-track-element.html#the-track-element" id="track_6">track</a></code> elements, then 
<a href="content-models.html#transparent" id="transparent_9">transparent</a>, but with no <a href="the-track-element.html#media-element" id="media-element_4">media element</a> descendants.</dd>
   <dd>If the element does not have a <code title="attr-media-src"><a href="the-track-element.html#attr-media-src" id="src_36">src</a></code> attribute: one or more <code><a href="the-source-element.html#the-source-element" id="source_2">source</a></code> elements, then
 zero or more <code><a href="the-track-element.html#the-track-element" id="track_7">track</a></code> elements, then
 <a href="content-models.html#transparent" id="transparent_10">transparent</a>, but with no <a href="the-track-element.html#media-element" id="media-element_5">media element</a> descendants.</dd>
   <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
   <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes" id="global-attributes_68">Global attributes</a></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-media-src"><a href="the-track-element.html#attr-media-src" id="src_37">src</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-media-preload"><a href="the-track-element.html#attr-media-preload" id="preload_1">preload</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-media-autoplay"><a href="the-track-element.html#attr-media-autoplay" id="autoplay_1">autoplay</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-media-mediagroup"><a href="the-track-element.html#attr-media-mediagroup" id="mediagroup_1">mediagroup</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-media-loop"><a href="the-track-element.html#attr-media-loop" id="loop_1">loop</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-media-muted"><a href="the-track-element.html#attr-media-muted" id="muted_1">muted</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-media-controls"><a href="the-track-element.html#attr-media-controls" id="controls_5">controls</a></code></dd>
   <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
   <dd>
    <pre class="idl">[NamedConstructor=<a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-iframe-element.html#dom-audio" title='Read about this "Audio" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>Audio</a>(),
 NamedConstructor=<a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-iframe-element.html#dom-audio-s" title='Read about this "Audio" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>Audio</a>(in DOMString src)]
interface <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="htmlaudioelement" role="button" tabindex="0">HTMLAudioElement</dfn> : <a href="the-track-element.html#htmlmediaelement" id="htmlmediaelement_1">HTMLMediaElement</a> {};</pre>
   </dd>
  </dl><p>An <code><a href="#the-audio-element" id="audio_4">audio</a></code> element <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/rendering.html#represents" title='Read about this "represents" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>represents</a> a sound or
  audio stream.<p>Content may be provided inside the <code><a href="#the-audio-element" id="audio_5">audio</a></code>
  element; it is intended for older Web browsers which do
  not support <code><a href="#the-audio-element" id="audio_6">audio</a></code>, so that legacy audio plugins can be
  tried, or to show text to the users of these older browsers informing
  them of how to access the audio contents.<p class="note">In particular, this content is not intended to
  address accessibility concerns. To make audio content accessible to
  the deaf or to those with other physical or cognitive disabilities,
  authors are expected to provide alternative media streams and/or to
  embed accessibility aids (such as transcriptions) into their media
  streams.<p>The <code><a href="#the-audio-element" id="audio_7">audio</a></code> element is a <a href="the-track-element.html#media-element" id="media-element_6">media element</a>
  whose <a href="the-track-element.html#media-data" id="media-data_1">media data</a> is ostensibly audio data.<p>The <code title="attr-media-src"><a href="the-track-element.html#attr-media-src" id="src_38">src</a></code>, <code title="attr-media-preload"><a href="the-track-element.html#attr-media-preload" id="preload_2">preload</a></code>, <code title="attr-media-autoplay"><a href="the-track-element.html#attr-media-autoplay" id="autoplay_2">autoplay</a></code>, 
  <code title="attr-media-mediagroup"><a href="the-track-element.html#attr-media-mediagroup" id="mediagroup_2">mediagroup</a></code>,
  <code title="attr-media-loop"><a href="the-track-element.html#attr-media-loop" id="loop_2">loop</a></code>,
  <code title="attr-media-muted"><a href="the-track-element.html#attr-media-muted" id="muted_2">muted</a></code>, and <code title="attr-media-controls"><a href="the-track-element.html#attr-media-controls" id="controls_6">controls</a></code> attributes are <a href="the-track-element.html#media-element-attributes" id="media-element-attributes_1" title="media element attributes">the attributes common to all media
  elements</a>.<dl class="domintro"><dt><var title="">audio</var> = new <code title="dom-Audio"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-iframe-element.html#dom-audio" title='Read about this "Audio" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>Audio</a></code>( [ <var title="">url</var> ] )</dt>

   <dd>

    <p>Returns a new <code><a href="#the-audio-element" id="audio_8">audio</a></code> element, with the <code title="attr-media-src"><a href="the-track-element.html#attr-media-src" id="src_39">src</a></code> attribute set to the value
    passed in the argument, if applicable.</p>

   </dd>

  </dl>
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</script><link href="the-mark-element.html" rel="prev" title="4.6.19 The mark element">
  <link href="Overview.html#contents" rel="index" title="Table of contents">
  <link href="the-rt-element.html" rel="next" title="4.6.21 The rt element">
  <body class="split chapter" onload="fixBrokenLink(); init()"><div class="head" id="head">
   <p><a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img alt="W3C" height="48" src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" width="72"></a></p>

   <h1>HTML5 <span class="edition">Edition for Web Authors</span> <span class="rcsrevision">revision 1.4918</span></h1>
   </div><div>
   <a href="the-mark-element.html">&larr; 4.6.19 The mark element</a> &ndash;
   <a href="Overview.html#contents">Table of contents</a> &ndash;
   <a href="the-rt-element.html">4.6.21 The rt element &rarr;</a>
  </div>

  <h4 id="the-ruby-element"><span class="secno">4.6.20 </span>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>ruby</code></dfn> element</h4><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_86">Flow content</a>.</dd>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_85">Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Contexts in which this element can be used:</dt>
   <dd>Where <a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_86">phrasing content</a> is expected.</dd>
   <dt>Content model:</dt>
   <dd>One or more groups of: <a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_87">phrasing content</a> followed either by a single <code><a href="the-rt-element.html#the-rt-element" id="rt_1">rt</a></code> element, or an <code><a href="the-rp-element.html#the-rp-element" id="rp">rp</a></code> element, an <code><a href="the-rt-element.html#the-rt-element" id="rt_2">rt</a></code> element, and another <code><a href="the-rp-element.html#the-rp-element" id="rp_0">rp</a></code> element.</dd>
   <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
   <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes" id="global-attributes_51">Global attributes</a></dd>
   <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
   <dd>Uses <code><a href="elements.html#htmlelement" id="htmlelement_57">HTMLElement</a></code>.</dd>
  </dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-ruby-element" id="ruby_4">ruby</a></code> element allows one or more spans of
  phrasing content to be marked with ruby annotations. Ruby
  annotations are short runs of text presented alongside base text,
  primarily used in East Asian typography as a guide for
  pronunciation or to include other annotations. In Japanese, this
  form of typography is also known as <i>furigana</i>.<p>A <code><a href="#the-ruby-element" id="ruby_5">ruby</a></code> element <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/rendering.html#represents" title='Read about this "represents" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>represents</a> the spans of
  phrasing content it contains, ignoring all the child <code><a href="the-rt-element.html#the-rt-element" id="rt_3">rt</a></code>
  and <code><a href="the-rp-element.html#the-rp-element" id="rp_1">rp</a></code> elements and their descendants. Those spans of
  phrasing content have associated annotations created using the
  <code><a href="the-rt-element.html#the-rt-element" id="rt_4">rt</a></code> element.<div class="example">

   
   

   <p>In this example, each ideograph in the Japanese text <span lang="ja" title="">&#28450;&#23383;</span> is annotated with its
   reading in hiragana.</p>

   <pre lang="ja">...
&lt;ruby&gt;&#28450;&lt;rt&gt;&#12363;&#12435;&lt;/rt&gt;&#23383;&lt;rt&gt;&#12376;&#12288;&lt;/rt&gt;&lt;/ruby&gt;
...</pre>

   <p>This might be rendered as:</p>

   <p><img alt="The two main ideographs, each with its annotation in hiragana rendered in a smaller font above it." height="78" src="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/images/sample-ruby-ja.png" width="171"></p>

  </div><div class="example">

   

   <p>In this example, each ideograph in the traditional Chinese text
   <span lang="zh-TW" title="">&#28450;&#23383;</span> is annotated
   with its bopomofo reading.</p>

   <pre lang="zh-TW">&lt;ruby&gt;&#28450;&lt;rt&gt;&#12559;&#12578;&#715;&lt;/rt&gt;&#23383;&lt;rt&gt;&#12567;&#715;&#12288;&lt;/rt&gt;&lt;/ruby&gt;</pre>

   <p>This might be rendered as:</p>

   <p><img alt="The two main ideographs, each with its bopomofo annotation rendered in a smaller font next to it." height="100" src="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/images/sample-ruby-bopomofo.png" width="78"></p>

  </div><div class="example">

   

   <p>In this example, each ideograph in the simplified Chinese text
   <span lang="zh-CN" title="">&#27721;&#23383;</span> is annotated
   with its pinyin reading.</p>

   <pre lang="zh-CN">...&lt;ruby&gt;&#27721;&lt;rt&gt;h&agrave;n&lt;/rt&gt;&#23383;&lt;rt&gt;z&igrave;&nbsp;&lt;/rt&gt;&lt;/ruby&gt;...</pre>

   <p>This might be rendered as:</p>

   <p><img alt="The two main ideographs, each with its pinyin annotation rendered in a smaller font above it." height="79" src="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/images/sample-ruby-pinyin.png" width="173"></p>

  </div>
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</script><link href="the-thead-element.html" rel="prev" title="4.9.6 The thead element">
  <link href="Overview.html#contents" rel="index" title="Table of contents">
  <link href="the-tr-element.html" rel="next" title="4.9.8 The tr element">
  <body class="split chapter" onload="fixBrokenLink(); init()"><div class="head" id="head">
   <p><a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img alt="W3C" height="48" src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" width="72"></a></p>

   <h1>HTML5 <span class="edition">Edition for Web Authors</span> <span class="rcsrevision">revision 1.4918</span></h1>
   </div><div>
   <a href="the-thead-element.html">&larr; 4.9.6 The thead element</a> &ndash;
   <a href="Overview.html#contents">Table of contents</a> &ndash;
   <a href="the-tr-element.html">4.9.8 The tr element &rarr;</a>
  </div>

  <h4 id="the-tfoot-element"><span class="secno">4.9.7 </span>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>tfoot</code></dfn> element</h4><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
   <dd>None.</dd>
   <dt>Contexts in which this element can be used:</dt>
   <dd>As a child of a <code><a href="the-table-element.html#the-table-element" id="table_21">table</a></code> element, after any
   <code><a href="the-caption-element.html#the-caption-element" id="caption_12">caption</a></code>, <code><a href="the-colgroup-element.html#the-colgroup-element" id="colgroup_8">colgroup</a></code>, and <code><a href="the-thead-element.html#the-thead-element" id="thead_13">thead</a></code>
   elements and before any <code><a href="the-tbody-element.html#the-tbody-element" id="tbody_8">tbody</a></code> and <code><a href="the-tr-element.html#the-tr-element" id="tr_14">tr</a></code>
   elements, but only if there are no other <code><a href="#the-tfoot-element" id="tfoot_10">tfoot</a></code>
   elements that are children of the <code><a href="the-table-element.html#the-table-element" id="table_22">table</a></code> element.</dd>
   <dd>As a child of a <code><a href="the-table-element.html#the-table-element" id="table_23">table</a></code> element, after any
   <code><a href="the-caption-element.html#the-caption-element" id="caption_13">caption</a></code>, <code><a href="the-colgroup-element.html#the-colgroup-element" id="colgroup_9">colgroup</a></code>, <code><a href="the-thead-element.html#the-thead-element" id="thead_14">thead</a></code>,
   <code><a href="the-tbody-element.html#the-tbody-element" id="tbody_9">tbody</a></code>, and <code><a href="the-tr-element.html#the-tr-element" id="tr_15">tr</a></code> elements, but only if there
   are no other <code><a href="#the-tfoot-element" id="tfoot_11">tfoot</a></code> elements that are children of the
   <code><a href="the-table-element.html#the-table-element" id="table_24">table</a></code> element.</dd>
   <dt>Content model:</dt>
   <dd>Zero or more <code><a href="the-tr-element.html#the-tr-element" id="tr_16">tr</a></code> elements</dd>
   <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
   <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes" id="global-attributes_80">Global attributes</a></dd>
   <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
   <dd><code><a href="the-tbody-element.html#htmltablesectionelement" id="htmltablesectionelement_4">HTMLTableSectionElement</a></code>, as defined for
   <code><a href="the-tbody-element.html#the-tbody-element" id="tbody_10">tbody</a></code> elements.</dd>
  </dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-tfoot-element" id="tfoot_12">tfoot</a></code> element <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/rendering.html#represents" title='Read about this "represents" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>represents</a> the <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/tabular-data.html#concept-row-group" title='Read about this "block" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>block</a> of <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/tabular-data.html#concept-row" title='Read about this "rows" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>rows</a> that consist of the column summaries
  (footers) for the parent <code><a href="the-table-element.html#the-table-element" id="table_25">table</a></code> element, if the
  <code><a href="#the-tfoot-element" id="tfoot_13">tfoot</a></code> element has a parent and it is a
  <code><a href="the-table-element.html#the-table-element" id="table_26">table</a></code>.
--- NEW FILE: the-thead-element.html ---
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</script><link href="the-tbody-element.html" rel="prev" title="4.9.5 The tbody element">
  <link href="Overview.html#contents" rel="index" title="Table of contents">
  <link href="the-tfoot-element.html" rel="next" title="4.9.7 The tfoot element">
  <body class="split chapter" onload="fixBrokenLink(); init()"><div class="head" id="head">
   <p><a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img alt="W3C" height="48" src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" width="72"></a></p>

   <h1>HTML5 <span class="edition">Edition for Web Authors</span> <span class="rcsrevision">revision 1.4918</span></h1>
   </div><div>
   <a href="the-tbody-element.html">&larr; 4.9.5 The tbody element</a> &ndash;
   <a href="Overview.html#contents">Table of contents</a> &ndash;
   <a href="the-tfoot-element.html">4.9.7 The tfoot element &rarr;</a>
  </div>

  <h4 id="the-thead-element"><span class="secno">4.9.6 </span>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>thead</code></dfn> element</h4><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
   <dd>None.</dd>
   <dt>Contexts in which this element can be used:</dt>
   <dd>As a child of a <code><a href="the-table-element.html#the-table-element" id="table_17">table</a></code> element, after any
   <code><a href="the-caption-element.html#the-caption-element" id="caption_11">caption</a></code>, and <code><a href="the-colgroup-element.html#the-colgroup-element" id="colgroup_7">colgroup</a></code>
   elements and before any <code><a href="the-tbody-element.html#the-tbody-element" id="tbody_6">tbody</a></code>, <code><a href="the-tfoot-element.html#the-tfoot-element" id="tfoot_9">tfoot</a></code>, and
   <code><a href="the-tr-element.html#the-tr-element" id="tr_12">tr</a></code> elements, but only if there are no other
   <code><a href="#the-thead-element" id="thead_8">thead</a></code> elements that are children of the
   <code><a href="the-table-element.html#the-table-element" id="table_18">table</a></code> element.</dd>
   <dt>Content model:</dt>
   <dd>Zero or more <code><a href="the-tr-element.html#the-tr-element" id="tr_13">tr</a></code> elements</dd>
   <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
   <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes" id="global-attributes_79">Global attributes</a></dd>
   <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
   <dd><code><a href="the-tbody-element.html#htmltablesectionelement" id="htmltablesectionelement_3">HTMLTableSectionElement</a></code>, as defined for
   <code><a href="the-tbody-element.html#the-tbody-element" id="tbody_7">tbody</a></code> elements.</dd>
  </dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-thead-element" id="thead_9">thead</a></code> element <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/rendering.html#represents" title='Read about this "represents" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>represents</a> the <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/tabular-data.html#concept-row-group" title='Read about this "block" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>block</a> of <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/tabular-data.html#concept-row" title='Read about this "rows" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>rows</a> that consist of the column labels
  (headers) for the parent <code><a href="the-table-element.html#the-table-element" id="table_19">table</a></code> element, if the
  <code><a href="#the-thead-element" id="thead_10">thead</a></code> element has a parent and it is a
  <code><a href="the-table-element.html#the-table-element" id="table_20">table</a></code>.<div class="example">

   <p>This example shows a <code><a href="#the-thead-element" id="thead_11">thead</a></code> element being used.
   Notice the use of both <code><a href="the-th-element.html#the-th-element" id="th_3">th</a></code> and <code><a href="the-td-element.html#the-td-element" id="td_6">td</a></code> elements
   in the <code><a href="#the-thead-element" id="thead_12">thead</a></code> element: the first row is the headers,
   and the second row is an explanation of how to fill in the
   table.</p>

   <pre>&lt;table&gt;
 &lt;caption&gt; School auction sign-up sheet &lt;/caption&gt;
<strong> &lt;thead&gt;
  &lt;tr&gt;
   &lt;th&gt;&lt;label for=e1&gt;Name&lt;/label&gt;
   &lt;th&gt;&lt;label for=e2&gt;Product&lt;/label&gt;
   &lt;th&gt;&lt;label for=e3&gt;Picture&lt;/label&gt;
   &lt;th&gt;&lt;label for=e4&gt;Price&lt;/label&gt;
  &lt;tr&gt;
   &lt;td&gt;Your name here
   &lt;td&gt;What are you selling?
   &lt;td&gt;Link to a picture
   &lt;td&gt;Your reserve price
</strong> &lt;tbody&gt;
  &lt;tr&gt;
   &lt;td&gt;Ms Danus
   &lt;td&gt;Doughnuts
   &lt;td&gt;&lt;img src="http://example.com/mydoughnuts.png" title="Doughnuts from Ms Danus"&gt;
   &lt;td&gt;$45
  &lt;tr&gt;
   &lt;td&gt;&lt;input id=e1 type=text name=who required form=f&gt;
   &lt;td&gt;&lt;input id=e2 type=text name=what required form=f&gt;
   &lt;td&gt;&lt;input id=e3 type=url name=pic form=f&gt;
   &lt;td&gt;&lt;input id=e4 type=number step=0.01 min=0 value=0 required form=f&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;form id=f action="/auction.cgi"&gt;
 &lt;input type=button name=add value="Submit"&gt;
&lt;/form&gt;</pre>

  </div>
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</script><link href="the-span-element.html" rel="prev" title="4.6.25 The span element">
  <link href="Overview.html#contents" rel="index" title="Table of contents">
  <link href="the-wbr-element.html" rel="next" title="4.6.27 The wbr element">
  <body class="split chapter" onload="fixBrokenLink(); init()"><div class="head" id="head">
   <p><a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img alt="W3C" height="48" src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" width="72"></a></p>

   <h1>HTML5 <span class="edition">Edition for Web Authors</span> <span class="rcsrevision">revision 1.4918</span></h1>
   </div><div>
   <a href="the-span-element.html">&larr; 4.6.25 The span element</a> &ndash;
   <a href="Overview.html#contents">Table of contents</a> &ndash;
   <a href="the-wbr-element.html">4.6.27 The wbr element &rarr;</a>
  </div>

  <h4 id="the-br-element"><span class="secno">4.6.26 </span>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>br</code></dfn> element</h4><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_90">Flow content</a>.</dd>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_99">Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Contexts in which this element can be used:</dt>
   <dd>Where <a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_100">phrasing content</a> is expected.</dd>
   <dt>Content model:</dt>
   <dd>Empty.</dd>
   <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
   <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes" id="global-attributes_58">Global attributes</a></dd>
   <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
   <dd>
    <pre class="idl">interface <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="htmlbrelement" role="button" tabindex="0">HTMLBRElement</dfn> : <a href="elements.html#htmlelement" id="htmlelement_63">HTMLElement</a> {};</pre>
   </dd>
  </dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-br-element" id="br_1">br</a></code> element <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/rendering.html#represents" title='Read about this "represents" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>represents</a> a line
  break.<p class="note">While line breaks are usually represented in visual
  media by physically moving subsequent text to a new line, a style
  sheet or user agent would be equally justified in causing line
  breaks to be rendered in a different manner, for instance as green
  dots, or as extra spacing.<p><code><a href="#the-br-element" id="br_2">br</a></code> elements must be used only for line breaks that
  are actually part of the content, as in poems or addresses.<div class="example">

  <p>The following example is correct usage of the <code><a href="#the-br-element" id="br_3">br</a></code>
  element:</p>

   <pre>&lt;p&gt;P. Sherman&lt;br&gt;
42 Wallaby Way&lt;br&gt;
Sydney&lt;/p&gt;</pre>

  </div><p><code><a href="#the-br-element" id="br_4">br</a></code> elements must not be used for separating thematic
  groups in a paragraph.<div class="example">

   <p>The following examples are non-conforming, as they abuse the
   <code><a href="#the-br-element" id="br_5">br</a></code> element:</p>

   <pre>&lt;p&gt;&lt;a ...&gt;34 comments.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;a ...&gt;Add a comment.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</pre>

   <pre>&lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;Name: &lt;input name="name"&gt;&lt;/label&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;label&gt;Address: &lt;input name="address"&gt;&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</pre>

   <p>Here are alternatives to the above, which are correct:</p>

   <pre>&lt;p&gt;&lt;a ...&gt;34 comments.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a ...&gt;Add a comment.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</pre>

   <pre>&lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;Name: &lt;input name="name"&gt;&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;Address: &lt;input name="address"&gt;&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</pre>

  </div><p>If a <a href="content-models.html#paragraph" id="paragraph_8">paragraph</a> consists of nothing but a single
  <code><a href="#the-br-element" id="br_6">br</a></code> element, it represents a placeholder blank line
  (e.g. as in a template). Such blank lines must not be used for
  presentation purposes.
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</script><link href="the-link-element.html" rel="prev" title="4.2.4 The link element">
  <link href="Overview.html#contents" rel="index" title="Table of contents">
  <link href="the-style-element.html" rel="next" title="4.2.6 The style element">
  <body class="split chapter" onload="fixBrokenLink(); init()"><div class="head" id="head">
   <p><a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img alt="W3C" height="48" src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" width="72"></a></p>

   <h1>HTML5 <span class="edition">Edition for Web Authors</span> <span class="rcsrevision">revision 1.4918</span></h1>
   </div><div>
   <a href="the-link-element.html">&larr; 4.2.4 The link element</a> &ndash;
   <a href="Overview.html#contents">Table of contents</a> &ndash;
   <a href="the-style-element.html">4.2.6 The style element &rarr;</a>
  <ol class="toc"><li><ol><li><ol><li><a href="the-meta-element.html#the-meta-element" id="x4.2.5-the-meta-element"><span class="secno">4.2.5 </span>The <code>meta</code> element</a>
      <ol><li><a href="the-meta-element.html#standard-metadata-names"><span class="secno">4.2.5.1 </span>Standard metadata names</a><li><a href="the-meta-element.html#other-metadata-names"><span class="secno">4.2.5.2 </span>Other metadata names</a><li><a href="the-meta-element.html#pragma-directives"><span class="secno">4.2.5.3 </span>Pragma directives</a><li><a href="the-meta-element.html#other-pragma-directives"><span class="secno">4.2.5.4 </span>Other pragma directives</a><li><a href="the-meta-element.html#charset"><span class="secno">4.2.5.5 </span>Specifying the document's character encoding</a></ol></ol></ol></ol></div>

  <h4 id="the-meta-element"><span class="secno">4.2.5 </span>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>meta</code></dfn> element</h4><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#metadata-content" id="metadata-content_8">Metadata content</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Contexts in which this element can be used:</dt>
   <dd>If the <code title="attr-meta-charset"><a href="#attr-meta-charset" id="charset_0">charset</a></code> attribute is present, or if the element's <code title="attr-meta-http-equiv"><a href="#attr-meta-http-equiv" id="http-equiv">http-equiv</a></code> attribute is in the <a href="#attr-meta-http-equiv-content-type" id="attr-meta-http-equiv-content-type_0" title="attr-meta-http-equiv-content-type">Encoding declaration state</a>: in a <code><a href="the-head-element.html#the-head-element" id="head_12">head</a></code> element.</dd>
   <dd>If the <code title="attr-meta-http-equiv"><a href="#attr-meta-http-equiv" id="http-equiv_0">http-equiv</a></code> attribute is present but not in the <a href="#attr-meta-http-equiv-content-type" id="attr-meta-http-equiv-content-type_1" title="attr-meta-http-equiv-content-type">Encoding declaration state</a>: in a <code><a href="the-head-element.html#the-head-element" id="head_13">head</a></code> element.</dd>
   <dd>If the <code title="attr-meta-http-equiv"><a href="#attr-meta-http-equiv" id="http-equiv_1">http-equiv</a></code> attribute is present but not in the <a href="#attr-meta-http-equiv-content-type" id="attr-meta-http-equiv-content-type_2" title="attr-meta-http-equiv-content-type">Encoding declaration state</a>: in a <code><a href="the-noscript-element.html#the-noscript-element" id="noscript_5">noscript</a></code> element that is a child of a <code><a href="the-head-element.html#the-head-element" id="head_14">head</a></code> element.</dd>
   <dd>If the <code title="attr-meta-name"><a href="#attr-meta-name" id="name">name</a></code> attribute is present: where <a href="content-models.html#metadata-content" id="metadata-content_9">metadata content</a> is expected.</dd>
   <dt>Content model:</dt>
   <dd>Empty.</dd>
   <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
   <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes" id="global-attributes_5">Global attributes</a></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-meta-name"><a href="#attr-meta-name" id="name_0">name</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-meta-http-equiv"><a href="#attr-meta-http-equiv" id="http-equiv_2">http-equiv</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-meta-content"><a href="#attr-meta-content" id="content">content</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-meta-charset"><a href="#attr-meta-charset" id="charset_1">charset</a></code></dd>
   <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
   <dd>
<pre class="idl">interface <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="htmlmetaelement" role="button" tabindex="0">HTMLMetaElement</dfn> : <a href="elements.html#htmlelement" id="htmlelement_12">HTMLElement</a> {
           attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/semantics.html#dom-meta-name" title='Read about this "name" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>name</a>;
           attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/semantics.html#dom-meta-httpequiv" title='Read about this "httpEquiv" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>httpEquiv</a>;
           attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/semantics.html#dom-meta-content" title='Read about this "content" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>content</a>;
};</pre>
   </dd>
  </dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-meta-element" id="meta_4">meta</a></code> element <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/rendering.html#represents" title='Read about this "represents" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>represents</a> various
  kinds of metadata that cannot be expressed using the
  <code><a href="the-title-element.html#the-title-element" id="title_46">title</a></code>, <code><a href="the-base-element.html#the-base-element" id="base_10">base</a></code>, <code><a href="the-link-element.html#the-link-element" id="link_18">link</a></code>,
  <code><a href="the-style-element.html#the-style-element" id="style_15">style</a></code>, and <code><a href="the-script-element.html#the-script-element" id="script_13">script</a></code> elements.<p>The <code><a href="#the-meta-element" id="meta_5">meta</a></code> element can represent document-level
  metadata with the <code title="attr-meta-name"><a href="#attr-meta-name" id="name_1">name</a></code>
  attribute, pragma directives with the <code title="attr-meta-http-equiv"><a href="#attr-meta-http-equiv" id="http-equiv_3">http-equiv</a></code> attribute, and the
  file's <a href="#character-encoding-declaration" id="character-encoding-declaration_0">character encoding declaration</a> when an HTML
  document is serialized to string form (e.g. for transmission over
  the network or for disk storage) with the <code title="attr-meta-charset"><a href="#attr-meta-charset" id="charset_2">charset</a></code> attribute.<p>Exactly one of the <code title="attr-meta-name"><a href="#attr-meta-name" id="name_2">name</a></code>,
  <code title="attr-meta-http-equiv"><a href="#attr-meta-http-equiv" id="http-equiv_4">http-equiv</a></code>, and <code title="attr-meta-charset"><a href="#attr-meta-charset" id="charset_3">charset</a></code> attributes must be
  specified.<p>If either <code title="attr-meta-name"><a href="#attr-meta-name" id="name_3">name</a></code> or <code title="attr-meta-http-equiv"><a href="#attr-meta-http-equiv" id="http-equiv_5">http-equiv</a></code> is specified, then
  the <code title="attr-meta-content"><a href="#attr-meta-content" id="content_0">content</a></code> attribute must
  also be specified. Otherwise, it must be omitted.<p>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-meta-charset" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>charset</code></dfn>
  attribute specifies the character encoding used by the
  document. This is a <a href="#character-encoding-declaration" id="character-encoding-declaration_1">character encoding declaration</a>. If
  the attribute is present in an <a href="dom.html#xml-documents" id="xml-documents_17" title="XML documents">XML
  document</a>, its value must be an <a href="infrastructure.html#ascii-case-insensitive" id="ascii-case-insensitive_6">ASCII
  case-insensitive</a> match for the string "<code title="">UTF-8</code>" (and the document is therefore forced to use
  UTF-8 as its encoding).<p class="note">The <code title="attr-meta-charset"><a href="#attr-meta-charset" id="charset_4">charset</a></code>
  attribute on the <code><a href="#the-meta-element" id="meta_6">meta</a></code> element has no effect in XML
  documents, and is only allowed in order to facilitate migration to
  and from XHTML.<p>There must not be more than one <code><a href="#the-meta-element" id="meta_7">meta</a></code> element with a
  <code title="attr-meta-charset"><a href="#attr-meta-charset" id="charset_5">charset</a></code> attribute per
  document.<p>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-meta-content" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>content</code></dfn>
  attribute gives the value of the document metadata or pragma
  directive when the element is used for those purposes. The allowed
  values depend on the exact context, as described in subsequent
  sections of this specification.<p>If a <code><a href="#the-meta-element" id="meta_8">meta</a></code> element has a <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-meta-name" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>name</code></dfn> attribute, it sets
  document metadata. Document metadata is expressed in terms of
  name/value pairs, the <code title="attr-meta-name"><a href="#attr-meta-name" id="name_4">name</a></code>
  attribute on the <code><a href="#the-meta-element" id="meta_9">meta</a></code> element giving the name, and the
  <code title="attr-meta-content"><a href="#attr-meta-content" id="content_1">content</a></code> attribute on the same
  element giving the value. The name specifies what aspect of metadata
  is being set; valid names and the meaning of their values are
  described in the following sections. If a <code><a href="#the-meta-element" id="meta_10">meta</a></code> element
  has no <code title="attr-meta-content"><a href="#attr-meta-content" id="content_2">content</a></code> attribute,
  then the value part of the metadata name/value pair is the empty
  string.<h5 id="standard-metadata-names"><span class="secno">4.2.5.1 </span>Standard metadata names</h5><p>This specification defines a few names for the <code title="attr-meta-name"><a href="#attr-meta-name" id="name_5">name</a></code> attribute of the
  <code><a href="#the-meta-element" id="meta_11">meta</a></code> element.<p>Names are case-insensitive.<dl><dt><dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="meta-application-name" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>application-name</code></dfn></dt>

   <dd><p>The value must be a short free-form string giving the name
   of the Web application that the page represents. If the page is not
   a Web application, the <code title="meta-application-name"><a href="#meta-application-name" id="application-name">application-name</a></code> metadata name
   must not be used. There must not be more than one <code><a href="#the-meta-element" id="meta_12">meta</a></code>
   element with its <code title="attr-meta-name"><a href="#attr-meta-name" id="name_6">name</a></code> attribute
   set to the value <code title="meta-application-name"><a href="#meta-application-name" id="application-name_0">application-name</a></code> per
   document. </dd>

   <dt><dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="meta-author" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>author</code></dfn></dt>

   <dd><p>The value must be a free-form string giving the name of one
   of the page's authors.</dd>

   <dt><dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="meta-description" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>description</code></dfn></dt>

   <dd><p>The value must be a free-form string that describes the
   page. The value must be appropriate for use in a directory of
   pages, e.g. in a search engine. There must not be more than one
   <code><a href="#the-meta-element" id="meta_13">meta</a></code> element with its <code title="attr-meta-name"><a href="#attr-meta-name" id="name_7">name</a></code> attribute set to the value <code title="meta-description"><a href="#meta-description" id="description">description</a></code> per document.</dd>

   <dt><dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="meta-generator" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>generator</code></dfn></dt>

   <dd>

    <p>The value must be a free-form string that identifies one of the
    software packages used to generate the document. This value must
    not be used on hand-authored pages.</p>

    <div class="example">

     <p>Here is what a tool called "Frontweaver" could include in its
     output, in the page's <code><a href="the-head-element.html#the-head-element" id="head_15">head</a></code> element, to identify
     itself as the tool used to generate the page:</p>

     <pre>&lt;meta name=generator content="Frontweaver 8.2"&gt;</pre>

    </div>

   </dd>

   <dt><dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="meta-keywords" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>keywords</code></dfn></dt>

   <dd>

    <p>The value must be a <a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#set-of-comma-separated-tokens" id="set-of-comma-separated-tokens_1">set of comma-separated tokens</a>,
    each of which is a keyword relevant to the page.</p>

    <div class="example">

     <p>This page about typefaces on British motorways uses a
     <code><a href="#the-meta-element" id="meta_14">meta</a></code> element to specify some keywords that users
     might use to look for the page:</p>

     <pre>&lt;!DOCTYPE HTML&gt;
&lt;html&gt;
 &lt;head&gt;
  &lt;title&gt;Typefaces on UK motorways&lt;/title&gt;
  &lt;meta name="keywords" content="british,type face,font,fonts,highway,highways"&gt;
 &lt;/head&gt;
 &lt;body&gt;
  ...</pre>

    </div>

    <p class="note">Many search engines do not consider such keywords,
    because this feature has historically been used unreliably and
    even misleadingly as a way to spam search engine results in a way
    that is not helpful for users.</p>

    

   </dd>

  </dl><h5 id="other-metadata-names"><span class="secno">4.2.5.2 </span>Other metadata names</h5><p class="XXX annotation"><span><a href="http://www.w3.org/html/wg/tracker/issues/27">ISSUE-27</a> (rel-ownership) blocks progress to Last Call</span><p><dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="concept-meta-extensions" role="button" tabindex="0">Extensions to the predefined
  set of metadata names</dfn> may be registered in the <a href="http://wiki.whatwg.org/wiki/MetaExtensions">WHATWG Wiki
  MetaExtensions page</a>. <a href="references.html#refsWHATWGWIKI">[WHATWGWIKI]</a><p>Anyone is free to edit the WHATWG Wiki MetaExtensions page at any
  time to add a type. These new names must be specified with the
  following information:<dl><dt>Keyword</dt>

   <dd><p>The actual name being defined. The name should not be
   confusingly similar to any other defined name (e.g. differing only
   in case).</dd>


   <dt>Brief description</dt>

   <dd><p>A short non-normative description of what the metadata
   name's meaning is, including the format the value is required to be
   in.</dd>


   <dt>Specification</dt>

   <dd>A link to a more detailed description of the metadata name's
   semantics and requirements. It could be another page on the Wiki,
   or a link to an external page.</dd>


   <dt>Synonyms</dt>

   <dd><p>A list of other names that have exactly the same processing
   requirements. Authors should not use the names defined to be
   synonyms, they are only intended to allow user agents to support
   legacy content. Anyone may remove synonyms that are not used in
   practice; only names that need to be processed as synonyms for
   compatibility with legacy content are to be registered in this
   way.</dd>


   <dt>Status</dt>

   <dd>

    <p>One of the following:</p>

    <dl><dt>Proposed</dt>

     <dd>The name has not received wide peer review and
     approval. Someone has proposed it and is, or soon will be, using
     it.</dd>

     <dt>Ratified</dt>

     <dd>The name has received wide peer review and approval. It has a
     specification that unambiguously defines how to handle pages that
     use the name, including when they use it in incorrect ways.</dd>

     <dt>Discontinued</dt>

     <dd>The metadata name has received wide peer review and it has
     been found wanting. Existing pages are using this metadata name,
     but new pages should avoid it. The "brief description" and
     "specification" entries will give details of what authors should
     use instead, if anything.</dd>

    </dl><p>If a metadata name is found to be redundant with existing
    values, it should be removed and listed as a synonym for the
    existing value.</p>

    <p>If a metadata name is registered in the "proposed" state for a
    period of a month or more without being used or specified, then it
    may be removed from the registry.</p>

    <p>If a metadata name is added with the "proposed" status and
    found to be redundant with existing values, it should be removed
    and listed as a synonym for the existing value. If a metadata name
    is added with the "proposed" status and found to be harmful, then
    it should be changed to "discontinued" status.</p>

    <p>Anyone can change the status at any time, but should only do so
    in accordance with the definitions above.</p>

   </dd>

  </dl><p>Metadata names whose values are to be <a href="urls.html#url" id="url_10" title="URL">URLs</a> must not be proposed or accepted. Links must
  be represented using the <code><a href="the-link-element.html#the-link-element" id="link_19">link</a></code> element, not the
  <code><a href="#the-meta-element" id="meta_15">meta</a></code> element.<h5 id="pragma-directives"><span class="secno">4.2.5.3 </span>Pragma directives</h5><p>When the <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-meta-http-equiv" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>http-equiv</code></dfn> attribute
  is specified on a <code><a href="#the-meta-element" id="meta_16">meta</a></code> element, the element is a pragma
  directive.<p>The <code title="attr-meta-http-equiv"><a href="#attr-meta-http-equiv" id="http-equiv_6">http-equiv</a></code>
  attribute is an <a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#enumerated-attribute" id="enumerated-attribute_1">enumerated attribute</a>. The following
  table lists the keywords defined for this attribute. The states
  given in the first cell of the rows with keywords give the states to
  which those keywords map. <table id="table-http-equiv"><thead><tr><th>State
     <th>Keyword
     <th>Notes
   <tbody><tr><td><a href="#attr-meta-http-equiv-content-type" id="attr-meta-http-equiv-content-type_3" title="attr-meta-http-equiv-content-type">Encoding declaration</a>
     <td><code title="">content-type</code>
     <td>
    <tr><td><a href="#attr-meta-http-equiv-default-style" id="attr-meta-http-equiv-default-style_0" title="attr-meta-http-equiv-default-style">Default style</a>
     <td><code title="">default-style</code>
     <td>
    <tr><td><a href="#attr-meta-http-equiv-refresh" id="attr-meta-http-equiv-refresh_0" title="attr-meta-http-equiv-refresh">Refresh</a>
     <td><code title="">refresh</code>
     <td>
    </table><dl><dt><dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-meta-http-equiv-content-type" role="button" tabindex="0">Encoding declaration state</dfn> (<code title="">http-equiv="content-type"</code>)

   <dd>

    <p>The <a href="#attr-meta-http-equiv-content-type" id="attr-meta-http-equiv-content-type_4" title="attr-meta-http-equiv-content-type">Encoding
    declaration state</a> is just an alternative form of setting
    the <code title="meta-charset">charset</code> attribute: it is a
    <a href="#character-encoding-declaration" id="character-encoding-declaration_2">character encoding declaration</a>. </p>

    <p>For <code><a href="#the-meta-element" id="meta_17">meta</a></code> elements with an <code title="attr-meta-http-equiv"><a href="#attr-meta-http-equiv" id="http-equiv_7">http-equiv</a></code> attribute in the
    <a href="#attr-meta-http-equiv-content-type" id="attr-meta-http-equiv-content-type_5" title="attr-meta-http-equiv-content-type">Encoding
    declaration state</a>, the <code title="attr-meta-content"><a href="#attr-meta-content" id="content_3">content</a></code> attribute must have a
    value that is an <a href="infrastructure.html#ascii-case-insensitive" id="ascii-case-insensitive_7">ASCII case-insensitive</a> match for a
    string that consists of: the literal string "<code title="">text/html;</code>", optionally followed by any number of
    <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/common-microsyntaxes.html#space-character" title='Read about this "space characters" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>space characters</a>, followed by
    the literal string "<code title="">charset=</code>", followed by
    the character encoding name of the <a href="#character-encoding-declaration" id="character-encoding-declaration_3">character encoding
    declaration</a>.</p>

    <p>A document must not contain both a <code><a href="#the-meta-element" id="meta_18">meta</a></code> element
    with an <code title="attr-meta-http-equiv"><a href="#attr-meta-http-equiv" id="http-equiv_8">http-equiv</a></code>
    attribute in the <a href="#attr-meta-http-equiv-content-type" id="attr-meta-http-equiv-content-type_6" title="attr-meta-http-equiv-content-type">Encoding declaration
    state</a> and a <code><a href="#the-meta-element" id="meta_19">meta</a></code> element with the <code title="attr-meta-charset"><a href="#attr-meta-charset" id="charset_6">charset</a></code> attribute present.</p>

    <p>The <a href="#attr-meta-http-equiv-content-type" id="attr-meta-http-equiv-content-type_7" title="attr-meta-http-equiv-content-type">Encoding
    declaration state</a> may be used in <a href="dom.html#html-documents" id="html-documents_14">HTML
    documents</a>, but elements with an <code title="attr-meta-http-equiv"><a href="#attr-meta-http-equiv" id="http-equiv_9">http-equiv</a></code> attribute in that
    state must not be used in <a href="dom.html#xml-documents" id="xml-documents_18">XML documents</a>.</p>

   </dd>

   <dt><dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-meta-http-equiv-default-style" role="button" tabindex="0">Default style state</dfn> (<code title="">http-equiv="default-style"</code>)

   <dd>

    <p>This pragma sets the name of the default <span title="alternative style sheet sets">alternative style sheet
    set</span>.</p>

    

   </dd>

   <dt><dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-meta-http-equiv-refresh" role="button" tabindex="0">Refresh state</dfn> (<code title="">http-equiv="refresh"</code>)

   <dd>

    <p>This pragma acts as timed redirect.</p>

    

    <p>For <code><a href="#the-meta-element" id="meta_20">meta</a></code> elements with an <code title="attr-meta-http-equiv"><a href="#attr-meta-http-equiv" id="http-equiv_10">http-equiv</a></code> attribute in the
    <a href="#attr-meta-http-equiv-refresh" id="attr-meta-http-equiv-refresh_1" title="attr-meta-http-equiv-refresh">Refresh state</a>,
    the <code title="attr-meta-content"><a href="#attr-meta-content" id="content_4">content</a></code> attribute must
    have a value consisting either of:</p>

    <ul><li>just a <a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#valid-non-negative-integer" id="valid-non-negative-integer_1">valid non-negative integer</a>, or</li>

     <li>a <a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#valid-non-negative-integer" id="valid-non-negative-integer_2">valid non-negative integer</a>, followed by a
     U+003B SEMICOLON character (;), followed by one or more <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/common-microsyntaxes.html#space-character" title='Read about this "space characters" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>space characters</a>, followed by a
     substring that is an <a href="infrastructure.html#ascii-case-insensitive" id="ascii-case-insensitive_8">ASCII case-insensitive</a> match
     for the string "<code title="">URL</code>", followed by a U+003D
     EQUALS SIGN character (=), followed by a <a href="urls.html#valid-url" id="valid-url_2">valid URL</a>
     that does not start with a literal U+0027 APOSTROPHE (') or
     U+0022 QUOTATION MARK (") character.</li>

    </ul><p>In the former case, the integer represents a number of seconds
    before the page is to be reloaded; in the latter case the integer
    represents a number of seconds before the page is to be replaced
    by the page at the given <a href="urls.html#url" id="url_11">URL</a>.</p>

    <div class="example">

     <p>A news organization's front page could include the following
     markup in the page's <code><a href="the-head-element.html#the-head-element" id="head_16">head</a></code> element, to ensure that
     the page automatically reloads from the server every five
     minutes:</p>

     <pre>&lt;meta http-equiv="Refresh" content="300"&gt;</pre>

    </div>

    <div class="example">

     <p>A sequence of pages could be used as an automated slide show
     by making each page refresh to the next page in the sequence,
     using markup such as the following:</p>

     <pre>&lt;meta http-equiv="Refresh" content="20; URL=page4.html"&gt;</pre>

    </div>

   </dd>

   

  </dl><p>There must not be more than one <code><a href="#the-meta-element" id="meta_21">meta</a></code> element with
  any particular state in the document at a time.<h5 id="other-pragma-directives"><span class="secno">4.2.5.4 </span>Other pragma directives</h5><p><dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="concept-http-equiv-extensions" role="button" tabindex="0">Extensions to the
  predefined set of pragma directives</dfn> may, under certain
  conditions, be registered in the <a href="http://wiki.whatwg.org/wiki/PragmaExtensions">WHATWG Wiki
  PragmaExtensions page</a>. <a href="references.html#refsWHATWGWIKI">[WHATWGWIKI]</a><p>Such extensions must use a name that is identical to an HTTP
  header registered in the Permanent Message Header Field Registry,
  and must have behavior identical to that described for the HTTP
  header. <a href="references.html#refsIANAPERMHEADERS">[IANAPERMHEADERS]</a><p>Pragma directives corresponding to headers describing metadata,
  or not requiring specific user agent processing, must not be
  registered; instead, use <a href="#concept-meta-extensions" id="concept-meta-extensions_1" title="concept-meta-extensions">metadata names</a>. Pragma
  directives corresponding to headers that affect the HTTP processing
  model (e.g. caching) must not be registered, as they would result in
  HTTP-level behavior being different for user agents that implement
  HTML than for user agents that do not.<p>Anyone is free to edit the WHATWG Wiki PragmaExtensions page at
  any time to add a pragma directive satisfying these conditions. Such
  registrations must specify the following information:<dl><dt>Keyword</dt>

   <dd><p>The actual name being defined. The name must match a
   previously-registered HTTP name with the same
   requirements.</dd>


   <dt>Brief description</dt>

   <dd><p>A short non-normative description of the purpose of the
   pragma directive.</dd>


   <dt>Specification</dt>

   <dd>A link to the specification defining the corresponding HTTP
   header.</dd>

  </dl><h5 id="charset"><span class="secno">4.2.5.5 </span>Specifying the document's character encoding</h5><p>A <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="character-encoding-declaration" role="button" tabindex="0">character encoding declaration</dfn> is a mechanism by
  which the character encoding used to store or transmit a document is
  specified.<p>The following restrictions apply to character encoding
  declarations:<ul><li>The character encoding name given must be the name of the
   character encoding used to serialize the file.</li>

   <li>The value must be a valid character encoding name, and must be
   an <a href="infrastructure.html#ascii-case-insensitive" id="ascii-case-insensitive_9">ASCII case-insensitive</a> match for the
   <a href="infrastructure.html#preferred-mime-name" id="preferred-mime-name_0">preferred MIME name</a> for that encoding. <a href="references.html#refsIANACHARSET">[IANACHARSET]</a></li>

   <li>The character encoding declaration must be serialized without
   the use of <a href="syntax.html#syntax-charref" id="syntax-charref_0" title="syntax-charref">character references</a>
   or character escapes of any kind.</li>

   <li id="charset1024"><span id="charset512" title="">The element
   containing the character encoding declaration must be serialized
   completely within the first 1024 bytes of the document.</span></li>
   

  </ul><p>In addition, due to a number of restrictions on <code><a href="#the-meta-element" id="meta_22">meta</a></code>
  elements, there can only be one <code><a href="#the-meta-element" id="meta_23">meta</a></code>-based character
  encoding declaration per document.<p>If an <a href="dom.html#html-documents" id="html-documents_15" title="HTML documents">HTML document</a> does not
  start with a BOM, and if its encoding is not explicitly given by
  <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/fetching-resources.html#content-type" title='Read about this "Content-Type metadata" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>Content-Type metadata</a>, and the
  document is not <a href="the-iframe-element.html#an-iframe-srcdoc-document" id="an-iframe-srcdoc-document_2">an <code>iframe</code> <code title="attr-iframe-srcdoc">srcdoc</code> document</a>, then the
  character encoding used must be an <a href="infrastructure.html#ascii-compatible-character-encoding" id="ascii-compatible-character-encoding_0">ASCII-compatible character
  encoding</a>, and, in addition, if that encoding isn't US-ASCII
  itself, then the encoding must be specified using a
  <code><a href="#the-meta-element" id="meta_24">meta</a></code> element with a <code title="attr-meta-charset"><a href="#attr-meta-charset" id="charset_7">charset</a></code> attribute or a
  <code><a href="#the-meta-element" id="meta_25">meta</a></code> element with an <code title="attr-meta-http-equiv"><a href="#attr-meta-http-equiv" id="http-equiv_11">http-equiv</a></code> attribute in the
  <a href="#attr-meta-http-equiv-content-type" id="attr-meta-http-equiv-content-type_8" title="attr-meta-http-equiv-content-type">Encoding declaration
  state</a>.<p>If the document is <a href="the-iframe-element.html#an-iframe-srcdoc-document" id="an-iframe-srcdoc-document_3">an <code>iframe</code> <code title="attr-iframe-srcdoc">srcdoc</code> document</a>, the
  document must not have a <a href="#character-encoding-declaration" id="character-encoding-declaration_4">character encoding
  declaration</a>. (In this case, the source is already decoded,
  since it is part of the document that contained the
  <code><a href="the-iframe-element.html#the-iframe-element" id="iframe_8">iframe</a></code>.)<p>If an <a href="dom.html#html-documents" id="html-documents_16" title="HTML documents">HTML document</a> contains
  a <code><a href="#the-meta-element" id="meta_26">meta</a></code> element with a <code title="attr-meta-charset"><a href="#attr-meta-charset" id="charset_8">charset</a></code> attribute or a
  <code><a href="#the-meta-element" id="meta_27">meta</a></code> element with an <code title="attr-meta-http-equiv"><a href="#attr-meta-http-equiv" id="http-equiv_12">http-equiv</a></code> attribute in the
  <a href="#attr-meta-http-equiv-content-type" id="attr-meta-http-equiv-content-type_9" title="attr-meta-http-equiv-content-type">Encoding declaration
  state</a>, then the character encoding used must be an
  <a href="infrastructure.html#ascii-compatible-character-encoding" id="ascii-compatible-character-encoding_1">ASCII-compatible character encoding</a>.<p>Authors are encouraged to use UTF-8. Conformance checkers may
  advise authors against using legacy encodings. <a href="references.html#refsRFC3629">[RFC3629]</a><p>Encodings in which a series of bytes in the range 0x20 to 0x7E
  can encode characters other than the corresponding characters in the
  range U+0020 to U+007E represent a potential security vulnerability:
  a user agent that does not support the encoding (or does not support
  the label used to declare the encoding, or does not use the same
  mechanism to detect the encoding of unlabelled content as another
  user agent) might end up interpreting technically benign plain text
  content as HTML tags and JavaScript. For example, this applies to
  encodings in which the bytes corresponding to "<code title="">&lt;script&gt;</code>" in ASCII can encode a different
  string. Authors should not use such encodings, which are known to
  include JIS_C6226-1983,
  JIS_X0212-1990, HZ-GB-2312, JOHAB  (Windows code
  page 1361), encodings based on ISO-2022, and encodings based on EBCDIC. Furthermore, authors must not
  use the CESU-8, UTF-7, BOCU-1 and SCSU encodings, which also fall
  into this category, because these encodings were never intended for
  use for Web content.
  <a href="references.html#refsRFC1345">[RFC1345]</a>
  <a href="references.html#refsRFC1842">[RFC1842]</a><!-- HZ-GB-2312 -->
  <a href="references.html#refsRFC1468">[RFC1468]</a><!-- ISO-2022-JP -->
  <a href="references.html#refsRFC2237">[RFC2237]</a><!-- ISO-2022-JP-1 -->
  <a href="references.html#refsRFC1554">[RFC1554]</a><!-- ISO-2022-JP-2 -->
  <a href="references.html#refsRFC1922">[RFC1922]</a>
  <a href="references.html#refsRFC1557">[RFC1557]</a><!-- ISO-2022-KR -->
  <a href="references.html#refsCESU8">[CESU8]</a>
  <a href="references.html#refsUTF7">[UTF7]</a>
  <a href="references.html#refsBOCU1">[BOCU1]</a>
  <a href="references.html#refsSCSU">[SCSU]</a>
  
  <p>Authors should not use UTF-32, as the encoding detection
  algorithms described in this specification intentionally do not
  distinguish it from UTF-16. <a href="references.html#refsUNICODE">[UNICODE]</a><p class="note">Using non-UTF-8 encodings can have unexpected
  results on form submission and URL encodings, which use the
  <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/dom.html#document-s-character-encoding" title="Read about this &quot;document's character encoding&quot; reference in the full HTML5 spec.">document's character encoding</a> by default.<p>In XHTML, the XML declaration should be used for inline character
  encoding information, if necessary.<div class="example">

   <p>In HTML, to declare that the character encoding is UTF-8, the
   author could include the following markup near the top of the
   document (in the <code><a href="the-head-element.html#the-head-element" id="head_17">head</a></code> element):</p>

   <pre>&lt;meta charset="utf-8"&gt;</pre>

   <p>In XML, the XML declaration would be used instead, at the very
   top of the markup:</p>

   <pre>&lt;?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?&gt;</pre>

  </div>
--- NEW FILE: the-wbr-element.html ---
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</script><link href="the-br-element.html" rel="prev" title="4.6.26 The br element">
  <link href="Overview.html#contents" rel="index" title="Table of contents">
  <link href="edits.html" rel="next" title="4.7 Edits">
  <body class="split chapter" onload="fixBrokenLink(); init()"><div class="head" id="head">
   <p><a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img alt="W3C" height="48" src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" width="72"></a></p>

   <h1>HTML5 <span class="edition">Edition for Web Authors</span> <span class="rcsrevision">revision 1.4918</span></h1>
   </div><div>
   <a href="the-br-element.html">&larr; 4.6.26 The br element</a> &ndash;
   <a href="Overview.html#contents">Table of contents</a> &ndash;
   <a href="edits.html">4.7 Edits &rarr;</a>
  <ol class="toc"><li><ol><li><ol><li><a href="the-wbr-element.html#the-wbr-element" id="x4.6.27-the-wbr-element"><span class="secno">4.6.27 </span>The <code>wbr</code> element</a><li><a href="the-wbr-element.html#usage-summary"><span class="secno">4.6.28 </span>Usage summary</a></ol></ol></ol></div>

  <h4 id="the-wbr-element"><span class="secno">4.6.27 </span>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>wbr</code></dfn> element</h4><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_91">Flow content</a>.</dd>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_101">Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Contexts in which this element can be used:</dt>
   <dd>Where <a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_102">phrasing content</a> is expected.</dd>
   <dt>Content model:</dt>
   <dd>Empty.</dd>
   <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
   <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes" id="global-attributes_59">Global attributes</a></dd>
   <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
   <dd>Uses <code><a href="elements.html#htmlelement" id="htmlelement_64">HTMLElement</a></code>.</dd>
  </dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-wbr-element" id="wbr_1">wbr</a></code> element <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/rendering.html#represents" title='Read about this "represents" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>represents</a> a line break
  opportunity.<div class="example">

   <p>In the following example, someone is quoted as saying something
   which, for effect, is written as one long word. However, to ensure
   that the text can be wrapped in a readable fashion, the individual
   words in the quote are separated using a <code><a href="#the-wbr-element" id="wbr_2">wbr</a></code>
   element.</p>

   <pre>&lt;p&gt;So then he pointed at the tiger and screamed
"there&lt;wbr&gt;is&lt;wbr&gt;no&lt;wbr&gt;way&lt;wbr&gt;you&lt;wbr&gt;are&lt;wbr&gt;ever&lt;wbr&gt;going&lt;wbr&gt;to&lt;wbr&gt;catch&lt;wbr&gt;me"!&lt;/p&gt;</pre>

  </div><h4 id="usage-summary"><span class="secno">4.6.28 </span>Usage summary</h4><table><thead><tr><th>Element
     <th>Purpose
     <th>Example
   <tbody><tr><td><code><a href="the-a-element.html#the-a-element" id="a_19">a</a></code>
     <td>Hyperlinks
     <td><pre class="example">Visit my <strong>&lt;a href="drinks.html"&gt;drinks&lt;/a&gt;</strong> page.</pre>

    <tr><td><code><a href="the-em-element.html#the-em-element" id="em_11">em</a></code>
     <td>Stress emphasis
     <td><pre class="example">I must say I <strong>&lt;em&gt;adore&lt;/em&gt;</strong> lemonade.</pre>

    <tr><td><code><a href="the-strong-element.html#the-strong-element" id="strong_11">strong</a></code>
     <td>Importance
     <td><pre class="example">This tea is <strong>&lt;strong&gt;very hot&lt;/strong&gt;</strong>.</pre>

    <tr><td><code><a href="the-small-element.html#the-small-element" id="small_9">small</a></code>
     <td>Side comments
     <td><pre class="example">These grapes are made into wine. <strong>&lt;small&gt;Alcohol is addictive.&lt;/small&gt;</strong></pre>

    <tr><td><code><a href="the-s-element.html#the-s-element" id="s_4">s</a></code>
     <td>Inaccurate text
     <td><pre class="example">Price: <strong>&lt;s&gt;&pound;4.50&lt;/s&gt;</strong> &pound;2.00!</pre>

    <tr><td><code><a href="the-cite-element.html#the-cite-element" id="cite_14">cite</a></code>
     <td>Titles of works
     <td><pre class="example">The case <strong>&lt;cite&gt;Hugo v. Danielle&lt;/cite&gt;</strong> is relevant here.</pre>

    <tr><td><code><a href="the-q-element.html#the-q-element" id="q_15">q</a></code>
     <td>Quotations
     <td><pre class="example">The judge said <strong>&lt;q&gt;You can drink water from the fish tank&lt;/q&gt;</strong> but advised against it.</pre>

    <tr><td><code><a href="the-dfn-element.html#the-dfn-element" id="dfn_15">dfn</a></code>
     <td>Defining instance
     <td><pre class="example">The term <strong>&lt;dfn&gt;organic food&lt;/dfn&gt;</strong> refers to food produced without synthetic chemicals.</pre>

    <tr><td><code><a href="the-abbr-element.html#the-abbr-element" id="abbr_11">abbr</a></code>
     <td>Abbreviations
     <td><pre class="example">Organic food in Ireland is certified by the <strong>&lt;abbr title="Irish Organic Farmers and Growers Association"&gt;IOFGA&lt;/abbr&gt;</strong>.</pre>

    <tr><td><code><a href="the-time-element.html#the-time-element" id="time_17">time</a></code>
     <td>Date and/or time
     <td><pre class="example">Published <strong>&lt;time&gt;2009-10-21&lt;/time&gt;</strong>.</pre>

    <tr><td><code><a href="the-code-element.html#the-code-element" id="code_5">code</a></code>
     <td>Computer code
     <td><pre class="example">The <strong>&lt;code&gt;fruitdb&lt;/code&gt;</strong> program can be used for tracking fruit production.</pre>

    <tr><td><code><a href="the-var-element.html#the-var-element" id="var_5">var</a></code>
     <td>Variables
     <td><pre class="example">If there are <strong>&lt;var&gt;n&lt;/var&gt;</strong> fruit in the bowl, at least <strong>&lt;var&gt;n&lt;/var&gt;</strong>&divide;2 will be ripe.</pre>

    <tr><td><code><a href="the-samp-element.html#the-samp-element" id="samp_9">samp</a></code>
     <td>Computer output
     <td><pre class="example">The computer said <strong>&lt;samp&gt;Unknown error -3&lt;/samp&gt;</strong>.</pre>

    <tr><td><code><a href="the-kbd-element.html#the-kbd-element" id="kbd_14">kbd</a></code>
     <td>User input
     <td><pre class="example">Hit <strong>&lt;kbd&gt;F1&lt;/kbd&gt;</strong> to continue.</pre>

    <tr><td><code><a href="the-sub-and-sup-elements.html#the-sub-and-sup-elements" id="sub_6">sub</a></code>
     <td>Subscripts
     <td><pre class="example">Water is H<strong>&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;</strong>O.</pre>

    <tr><td><code><a href="the-sub-and-sup-elements.html#the-sub-and-sup-elements" id="sup_4">sup</a></code>
     <td>Superscripts
     <td><pre class="example">The Hydrogen in heavy water is usually <strong>&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;</strong>H.</pre>

    <tr><td><code><a href="the-i-element.html#the-i-element" id="i_23">i</a></code>
     <td>Alternative voice
     <td><pre class="example">Lemonade consists primarily of <strong>&lt;i&gt;Citrus limon&lt;/i&gt;</strong>.</pre>

    <tr><td><code><a href="the-b-element.html#the-b-element" id="b_14">b</a></code>
     <td>Keywords
     <td><pre class="example">Take a <strong>&lt;b&gt;lemon&lt;/b&gt;</strong> and squeeze it with a <strong>&lt;b&gt;juicer&lt;/b&gt;</strong>.</pre>

    <tr><td><code><a href="the-u-element.html#the-u-element" id="u_6">u</a></code>
     <td>Annotations
     <td><pre class="example">The mixture of apple juice and &lt;u class="spelling"&gt;eldeflower&lt;/u&gt; juice is very pleasant.</pre>

    <tr><td><code><a href="the-mark-element.html#the-mark-element" id="mark_10">mark</a></code>
     <td>Highlight
     <td><pre class="example">Elderflower cordial, with one <strong>&lt;mark&gt;part&lt;/mark&gt;</strong> cordial to ten <strong>&lt;mark&gt;part&lt;/mark&gt;</strong>s water, stands a<strong>&lt;mark&gt;part&lt;/mark&gt;</strong> from the rest.</pre>

    <tr><td><code><a href="the-ruby-element.html#the-ruby-element" id="ruby_9">ruby</a></code>, <code><a href="the-rt-element.html#the-rt-element" id="rt_8">rt</a></code>, <code><a href="the-rp-element.html#the-rp-element" id="rp_6">rp</a></code>
     <td>Ruby annotations
     <td><pre class="example"><strong>&lt;ruby&gt; OJ &lt;rp&gt;(&lt;rt&gt;Orange Juice&lt;rp&gt;)&lt;/ruby&gt;</strong></pre>

    <tr><td><code><a href="the-bdi-element.html#the-bdi-element" id="bdi_6">bdi</a></code>
     <td>Text directionality isolation
     <td><pre class="example">The recommended restaurant is <strong>&lt;bdi lang=""&gt;My Juice Caf&eacute; (At The Beach)&lt;/bdi&gt;</strong>.</pre>

    <tr><td><code><a href="the-bdo-element.html#the-bdo-element" id="bdo_3">bdo</a></code>
     <td>Text directionality formatting
     <td><pre class="example">The proposal is to write English, but in reverse order. "Juice" would become "<strong>&lt;bdo dir=rtl&gt;Juice&lt;/bdo&gt;</strong>"</pre>

    <tr><td><code><a href="the-span-element.html#the-span-element" id="span_10">span</a></code>
     <td>Other
     <td><pre class="example">In French we call it <strong>&lt;span lang="fr"&gt;sirop de sureau&lt;/span&gt;</strong>.</pre>

    <tr><td><code><a href="the-br-element.html#the-br-element" id="br_7">br</a></code>
     <td>Line break
     <td><pre class="example">Simply Orange Juice Company<strong>&lt;br&gt;</strong>Apopka, FL 32703<strong>&lt;br&gt;</strong>U.S.A.</pre>

    <tr><td><code><a href="#the-wbr-element" id="wbr_3">wbr</a></code>
     <td>Line breaking opportunity
     <td><pre class="example">www.simply<strong>&lt;wbr&gt;</strong>orange<strong>&lt;wbr&gt;</strong>juice.com</pre>

  </table>
--- NEW FILE: the-head-element.html ---
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</script><link href="the-html-element.html" rel="prev" title="4.1.1 The html element">
  <link href="Overview.html#contents" rel="index" title="Table of contents">
  <link href="the-title-element.html" rel="next" title="4.2.2 The title element">
  <body class="split chapter" onload="fixBrokenLink(); init()"><div class="head" id="head">
   <p><a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img alt="W3C" height="48" src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" width="72"></a></p>

   <h1>HTML5 <span class="edition">Edition for Web Authors</span> <span class="rcsrevision">revision 1.4918</span></h1>
   </div><div>
   <a href="the-html-element.html">&larr; 4.1.1 The html element</a> &ndash;
   <a href="Overview.html#contents">Table of contents</a> &ndash;
   <a href="the-title-element.html">4.2.2 The title element &rarr;</a>
  </div>

  <h4 id="the-head-element"><span class="secno">4.2.1 </span>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>head</code></dfn> element</h4><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
   <dd>None.</dd>
   <dt>Contexts in which this element can be used:</dt>
   <dd>As the first element in an <code><a href="the-html-element.html#the-html-element" id="html_5">html</a></code> element.</dd>
   <dt>Content model:</dt>
   <dd>If the document is <a href="the-iframe-element.html#an-iframe-srcdoc-document" id="an-iframe-srcdoc-document_1">an <code>iframe</code> <code title="attr-iframe-srcdoc">srcdoc</code> document</a> or if title information is available from a higher-level protocol: Zero or more elements of <a href="content-models.html#metadata-content" id="metadata-content_2">metadata content</a>.</dd>
   <dd>Otherwise: One or more elements of <a href="content-models.html#metadata-content" id="metadata-content_3">metadata content</a>, of which exactly one is a <code><a href="the-title-element.html#the-title-element" id="title_40">title</a></code> element.</dd>
   <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
   <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes" id="global-attributes_1">Global attributes</a></dd>
   <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
   <dd>
    <pre class="idl">interface <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="htmlheadelement" role="button" tabindex="0">HTMLHeadElement</dfn> : <a href="elements.html#htmlelement" id="htmlelement_8">HTMLElement</a> {};</pre>
   </dd>
  </dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-head-element" id="head_7">head</a></code> element <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/rendering.html#represents" title='Read about this "represents" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>represents</a> a
  collection of metadata for the <code><a href="infrastructure.html#document" id="document_55">Document</a></code>.<div class="example">

   <p>The collection of metadata in a <code><a href="#the-head-element" id="head_8">head</a></code> element can be
   large or small. Here is an example of a very short one:</p>

   <pre>&lt;!doctype html&gt;
&lt;html&gt;
 &lt;head&gt;
  &lt;title&gt;A document with a short head&lt;/title&gt;
 &lt;/head&gt;
 &lt;body&gt;
 ...</pre>

   <p>Here is an example of a longer one:</p>

   <pre>&lt;!DOCTYPE HTML&gt;
&lt;HTML&gt;
 &lt;HEAD&gt;
  &lt;META CHARSET="UTF-8"&gt;
  &lt;BASE HREF="http://www.example.com/"&gt;
  &lt;TITLE&gt;An application with a long head&lt;/TITLE&gt;
  &lt;LINK REL="STYLESHEET" HREF="default.css"&gt;
  &lt;LINK REL="STYLESHEET ALTERNATE" HREF="big.css" TITLE="Big Text"&gt;
  &lt;SCRIPT SRC="support.js"&gt;&lt;/SCRIPT&gt;
  &lt;META NAME="APPLICATION-NAME" CONTENT="Long headed application"&gt;
 &lt;/HEAD&gt;
 &lt;BODY&gt;
 ...</pre>

  </div><p class="note">The <code><a href="the-title-element.html#the-title-element" id="title_41">title</a></code> element is a required child
  in most situations, but when a higher-level protocol provides title
  information, e.g. in the Subject line of an e-mail when HTML is used
  as an e-mail authoring format, the <code><a href="the-title-element.html#the-title-element" id="title_42">title</a></code> element can be
  omitted.
--- NEW FILE: the-strong-element.html ---
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</script><link href="the-em-element.html" rel="prev" title="4.6.2 The em element">
  <link href="Overview.html#contents" rel="index" title="Table of contents">
  <link href="the-small-element.html" rel="next" title="4.6.4 The small element">
  <body class="split chapter" onload="fixBrokenLink(); init()"><div class="head" id="head">
   <p><a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img alt="W3C" height="48" src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" width="72"></a></p>

   <h1>HTML5 <span class="edition">Edition for Web Authors</span> <span class="rcsrevision">revision 1.4918</span></h1>
   </div><div>
   <a href="the-em-element.html">&larr; 4.6.2 The em element</a> &ndash;
   <a href="Overview.html#contents">Table of contents</a> &ndash;
   <a href="the-small-element.html">4.6.4 The small element &rarr;</a>
  </div>

  <h4 id="the-strong-element"><span class="secno">4.6.3 </span>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>strong</code></dfn> element</h4><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_69">Flow content</a>.</dd>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_33">Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Contexts in which this element can be used:</dt>
   <dd>Where <a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_34">phrasing content</a> is expected.</dd>
   <dt>Content model:</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_35">Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
   <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes" id="global-attributes_34">Global attributes</a></dd>
   <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
   <dd>Uses <code><a href="elements.html#htmlelement" id="htmlelement_41">HTMLElement</a></code>.</dd>
  </dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-strong-element" id="strong_2">strong</a></code> element <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/rendering.html#represents" title='Read about this "represents" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>represents</a> strong
  importance for its contents.<p>The relative level of importance of a piece of content is given
  by its number of ancestor <code><a href="#the-strong-element" id="strong_3">strong</a></code> elements; each
  <code><a href="#the-strong-element" id="strong_4">strong</a></code> element increases the importance of its
  contents.<p>Changing the importance of a piece of text with the
  <code><a href="#the-strong-element" id="strong_5">strong</a></code> element does not change the meaning of the
  sentence.<div class="example">
   <p>Here is an example of a warning notice in a game, with the
   various parts marked up according to how important they are:</p>
   
   <pre>&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Warning.&lt;/strong&gt; This dungeon is dangerous.
&lt;strong&gt;Avoid the ducks.&lt;/strong&gt; Take any gold you find.
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Do not take any of the diamonds&lt;/strong&gt;,
they are explosive and &lt;strong&gt;will destroy anything within
ten meters.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; You have been warned.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
  </div>
--- NEW FILE: the-form-element.html ---
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   <h1>HTML5 <span class="edition">Edition for Web Authors</span> <span class="rcsrevision">revision 1.4918</span></h1>
   </div><div>
   <a href="forms.html">&larr; 4.10 Forms</a> &ndash;
   <a href="Overview.html#contents">Table of contents</a> &ndash;
   <a href="the-fieldset-element.html">4.10.4 The fieldset element &rarr;</a>
  </div>

  <h4 id="the-form-element"><span class="secno">4.10.3 </span>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>form</code></dfn> element</h4><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_117">Flow content</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Contexts in which this element can be used:</dt>
   <dd>Where <a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_118">flow content</a> is expected.</dd>
   <dt>Content model:</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_119">Flow content</a>, but with no <code><a href="#the-form-element" id="form_16">form</a></code> element descendants.</dd>
   <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
   <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes" id="global-attributes_84">Global attributes</a></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-form-accept-charset"><a href="#attr-form-accept-charset" id="accept-charset">accept-charset</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-fs-action"><a href="association-of-controls-and-forms.html#attr-fs-action" id="action_0">action</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-form-autocomplete"><a href="#attr-form-autocomplete" id="autocomplete">autocomplete</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-fs-enctype"><a href="association-of-controls-and-forms.html#attr-fs-enctype" id="enctype_0">enctype</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-fs-method"><a href="association-of-controls-and-forms.html#attr-fs-method" id="method_0">method</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-form-name"><a href="#attr-form-name" id="name_20">name</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-fs-novalidate"><a href="association-of-controls-and-forms.html#attr-fs-novalidate" id="novalidate">novalidate</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-fs-target"><a href="association-of-controls-and-forms.html#attr-fs-target" id="target_6">target</a></code></dd>
   <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
   <dd>
<pre class="idl">[OverrideBuiltins]
interface <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="htmlformelement" role="button" tabindex="0">HTMLFormElement</dfn> : <a href="elements.html#htmlelement" id="htmlelement_90">HTMLElement</a> {
           attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/forms.html#dom-form-acceptcharset" title='Read about this "acceptCharset" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>acceptCharset</a>;
           attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/association-of-controls-and-forms.html#dom-fs-action" title='Read about this "action" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>action</a>;
           attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/forms.html#dom-form-autocomplete" title='Read about this "autocomplete" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>autocomplete</a>;
           attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/association-of-controls-and-forms.html#dom-fs-enctype" title='Read about this "enctype" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>enctype</a>;
           attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/association-of-controls-and-forms.html#dom-fs-encoding" title='Read about this "encoding" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>encoding</a>;
           attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/association-of-controls-and-forms.html#dom-fs-method" title='Read about this "method" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>method</a>;
           attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/forms.html#dom-form-name" title='Read about this "name" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>name</a>;
           attribute boolean <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/association-of-controls-and-forms.html#dom-fs-novalidate" title='Read about this "noValidate" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>noValidate</a>;
           attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/association-of-controls-and-forms.html#dom-fs-target" title='Read about this "target" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>target</a>;

  readonly attribute <a href="urls.html#htmlformcontrolscollection" id="htmlformcontrolscollection_2">HTMLFormControlsCollection</a> <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/forms.html#dom-form-elements" title='Read about this "elements" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>elements</a>;
  readonly attribute long <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/forms.html#dom-form-length" title='Read about this "length" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>length</a>;
  caller <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/forms.html#dom-form-item" title='Read about this "getter" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>getter</a> any (in unsigned long index);
  caller <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/forms.html#dom-form-nameditem" title='Read about this "getter" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>getter</a> any (in DOMString name);

  void <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/forms.html#dom-form-submit" title='Read about this "submit" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>submit</a>();
  void <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/forms.html#dom-form-reset" title='Read about this "reset" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>reset</a>();
  boolean <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/forms.html#dom-form-checkvalidity" title='Read about this "checkValidity" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>checkValidity</a>();
};</pre>
   </dd>
  </dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-form-element" id="form_17">form</a></code> element <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/rendering.html#represents" title='Read about this "represents" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>represents</a> a
  collection of <a href="forms.html#form-associated-element" id="form-associated-element_4" title="form-associated element">form-associated
  elements</a>, some of which can represent editable values that
  can be submitted to a server for processing.<p>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-form-accept-charset" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>accept-charset</code></dfn>
  attribute gives the character encodings that are to be used for the
  submission. If specified, the value must be an <a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#ordered-set-of-unique-space-separated-tokens" id="ordered-set-of-unique-space-separated-tokens_0">ordered set of
  unique space-separated tokens</a> that are <a href="infrastructure.html#ascii-case-insensitive" id="ascii-case-insensitive_12">ASCII
  case-insensitive</a>, and each token must be an <a href="infrastructure.html#ascii-case-insensitive" id="ascii-case-insensitive_13">ASCII
  case-insensitive</a> match for the <a href="infrastructure.html#preferred-mime-name" id="preferred-mime-name_2">preferred MIME
  name</a> of an <a href="infrastructure.html#ascii-compatible-character-encoding" id="ascii-compatible-character-encoding_2">ASCII-compatible character encoding</a>.
  <a href="references.html#refsIANACHARSET">[IANACHARSET]</a><p>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-form-name" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>name</code></dfn> attribute
  represents the <code><a href="#the-form-element" id="form_18">form</a></code>'s name within the <code title="dom-document-forms"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/dom.html#dom-document-forms" title='Read about this "forms" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>forms</a></code> collection. The value must
  not be the empty string, and the value must be unique amongst the
  <code><a href="#the-form-element" id="form_19">form</a></code> elements in the <code title="dom-document-forms"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/dom.html#dom-document-forms" title='Read about this "forms" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>forms</a></code> collection that it is in, if
  any.<p>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-form-autocomplete" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>autocomplete</code></dfn>
  attribute is an <a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#enumerated-attribute" id="enumerated-attribute_6">enumerated attribute</a>. The attribute has
  two states. The <code title="attr-form-autocomplete-on">on</code>
  keyword maps to the <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-form-autocomplete-on-state" role="button" tabindex="0">on</dfn> state, and the
  <code title="attr-form-autocomplete-off">off</code> keyword maps to
  the <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-form-autocomplete-off-state" role="button" tabindex="0">off</dfn>
  state. The attribute may also be omitted. The <i>missing value
  default</i> is the <a href="#attr-form-autocomplete-on-state" id="attr-form-autocomplete-on-state_0" title="attr-form-autocomplete-on-state">on</a> state. The <a href="#attr-form-autocomplete-off-state" id="attr-form-autocomplete-off-state_0" title="attr-form-autocomplete-off-state">off</a> state indicates
  that by default, <code><a href="the-input-element.html#the-input-element" id="input_58">input</a></code> elements in the form will have
  their <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/common-input-element-attributes.html#resulting-autocompletion-state" title='Read about this "resulting autocompletion state" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>resulting autocompletion state</a> set to <i title="">off</i>; the <a href="#attr-form-autocomplete-on-state" id="attr-form-autocomplete-on-state_1" title="attr-form-autocomplete-on-state">on</a> state indicates
  that by default, <code><a href="the-input-element.html#the-input-element" id="input_59">input</a></code> elements in the form will have
  their <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/common-input-element-attributes.html#resulting-autocompletion-state" title='Read about this "resulting autocompletion state" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>resulting autocompletion state</a> set to <i title="">on</i>.<p>The <code title="attr-fs-action"><a href="association-of-controls-and-forms.html#attr-fs-action" id="action_1">action</a></code>, <code title="attr-fs-enctype"><a href="association-of-controls-and-forms.html#attr-fs-enctype" id="enctype_1">enctype</a></code>, <code title="attr-fs-method"><a href="association-of-controls-and-forms.html#attr-fs-method" id="method_1">method</a></code>, <code title="attr-fs-novalidate"><a href="association-of-controls-and-forms.html#attr-fs-novalidate" id="novalidate_0">novalidate</a></code>, and <code title="attr-fs-target"><a href="association-of-controls-and-forms.html#attr-fs-target" id="target_7">target</a></code> attributes are <a href="association-of-controls-and-forms.html#attribute-for-form-submission" id="attributes-for-form-submission_0">attributes
  for form submission</a>.<dl class="domintro"><dt><var title="">form</var> . <code title="dom-form-elements"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/forms.html#dom-form-elements" title='Read about this "elements" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>elements</a></code></dt>

   <dd>

    <p>Returns an <code><a href="urls.html#htmlcollection" id="htmlcollection_31">HTMLCollection</a></code> of the form controls in
    the form (excluding image buttons for historical reasons).</p>

   </dd>

   <dt><var title="">form</var> . <code title="dom-form-length"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/forms.html#dom-form-length" title='Read about this "length" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>length</a></code></dt>

   <dd>

    <p>Returns the number of form controls in the form (excluding
    image buttons for historical reasons).</p>

   </dd>

   <dt><var title="">form</var>[<var title="">index</var>]</dt>
   <dt><var title="">form</var>(<var title="">index</var>)</dt>

   <dd>

    <p>Returns the <var title="">index</var>th element in the form
    (excluding image buttons for historical reasons).</p>

   </dd>

   <dt><var title="">form</var>[<var title="">name</var>]</dt>
   <dt><var title="">form</var>(<var title="">name</var>)</dt>

   <dd>

    <p>Returns the form control in the form with the given <a href="elements.html#concept-id" id="concept-id_12" title="concept-id">ID</a> or <code title="attr-fe-name"><a href="association-of-controls-and-forms.html#attr-fe-name" id="name_27">name</a></code> (excluding image buttons for
    historical reasons).</p>

    <p>Once an element has been referenced using a particular name,
    that name will continue being available as a way to reference that
    element in this method, even if the element's actual <a href="elements.html#concept-id" id="concept-id_13" title="concept-id">ID</a> or <code title="attr-fe-name"><a href="association-of-controls-and-forms.html#attr-fe-name" id="name_28">name</a></code> changes, for as long as the
    element remains in the <code><a href="infrastructure.html#document" id="document_64">Document</a></code>.</p>

    <p>If there are multiple matching items, then a
    <code><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/infrastructure.html#nodelist" title='Read about this "NodeList" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>NodeList</a></code> object containing all those elements is
    returned.</p>

    <p>Returns null if no element with that <a href="elements.html#concept-id" id="concept-id_14" title="concept-id">ID</a> or <code title="attr-fe-name"><a href="association-of-controls-and-forms.html#attr-fe-name" id="name_29">name</a></code> could be found.</p>

   </dd>

   <dt><var title="">form</var> . <code title="dom-form-submit"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/forms.html#dom-form-submit" title='Read about this "submit" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>submit</a></code>()</dt>

   <dd>

    <p>Submits the form.</p>

   </dd>

   <dt><var title="">form</var> . <code title="dom-form-reset"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/forms.html#dom-form-reset" title='Read about this "reset" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>reset</a></code>()</dt>

   <dd>

    <p>Resets the form.</p>

   </dd>

   <dt><var title="">form</var> . <code title="dom-form-checkValidity"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/forms.html#dom-form-checkvalidity" title='Read about this "checkValidity" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>checkValidity</a></code>()</dt>

   <dd>

    <p>Returns true if the form's controls are all valid; otherwise,
    returns false.</p>

   </dd>

  </dl><div class="example">

   <p>This example shows two search forms:</p>

   <pre>&lt;form action="http://www.google.com/search" method="get"&gt;
 &lt;label&gt;Google: &lt;input type="search" name="q"&gt;&lt;/label&gt; &lt;input type="submit" value="Search..."&gt;
&lt;/form&gt;
&lt;form action="http://www.bing.com/search" method="get"&gt;
 &lt;label&gt;Bing: &lt;input type="search" name="q"&gt;&lt;/label&gt; &lt;input type="submit" value="Search..."&gt;
&lt;/form&gt;</pre>

  </div>
--- NEW FILE: the-li-element.html ---
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</script><link href="the-ul-element.html" rel="prev" title="4.5.6 The ul element">
  <link href="Overview.html#contents" rel="index" title="Table of contents">
  <link href="the-dl-element.html" rel="next" title="4.5.8 The dl element">
  <body class="split chapter" onload="fixBrokenLink(); init()"><div class="head" id="head">
   <p><a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img alt="W3C" height="48" src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" width="72"></a></p>

   <h1>HTML5 <span class="edition">Edition for Web Authors</span> <span class="rcsrevision">revision 1.4918</span></h1>
   </div><div>
   <a href="the-ul-element.html">&larr; 4.5.6 The ul element</a> &ndash;
   <a href="Overview.html#contents">Table of contents</a> &ndash;
   <a href="the-dl-element.html">4.5.8 The dl element &rarr;</a>
  </div>

  <h4 id="the-li-element"><span class="secno">4.5.7 </span>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>li</code></dfn> element</h4><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
   <dd>None.</dd>
   <dt>Contexts in which this element can be used:</dt>
   <dd>Inside <code><a href="the-ol-element.html#the-ol-element" id="ol_9">ol</a></code> elements.</dd>
   <dd>Inside <code><a href="the-ul-element.html#the-ul-element" id="ul_9">ul</a></code> elements.</dd>
   <dd>Inside <code><a href="the-menu-element.html#the-menu-element" id="menu_8">menu</a></code> elements.</dd>
   <dt>Content model:</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_52">Flow content</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
   <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes" id="global-attributes_25">Global attributes</a></dd>
   <dd>If the element is a child of an <code><a href="the-ol-element.html#the-ol-element" id="ol_10">ol</a></code> element: <code title="attr-li-value"><a href="#attr-li-value" id="value">value</a></code></dd>
   <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
   <dd>
<pre class="idl">interface <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="htmllielement" role="button" tabindex="0">HTMLLIElement</dfn> : <a href="elements.html#htmlelement" id="htmlelement_32">HTMLElement</a> {
           attribute long <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/grouping-content.html#dom-li-value" title='Read about this "value" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>value</a>;
};</pre>
   </dd>
  </dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-li-element" id="li_6">li</a></code> element <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/rendering.html#represents" title='Read about this "represents" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>represents</a> a list
  item. If its parent element is an <code><a href="the-ol-element.html#the-ol-element" id="ol_11">ol</a></code>, <code><a href="the-ul-element.html#the-ul-element" id="ul_10">ul</a></code>,
  or <code><a href="the-menu-element.html#the-menu-element" id="menu_9">menu</a></code> element, then the element is an item of the
  parent element's list, as defined for those elements. Otherwise, the
  list item has no defined list-related relationship to any other
  <code><a href="#the-li-element" id="li_7">li</a></code> element.<p>If the parent element is an <code><a href="the-ol-element.html#the-ol-element" id="ol_12">ol</a></code> element, then the
  <code><a href="#the-li-element" id="li_8">li</a></code> element has an <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="ordinal-value" role="button" tabindex="0">ordinal value</dfn>.<p>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-li-value" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>value</code></dfn>
  attribute, if present, must be a <a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#valid-integer" id="valid-integer_4">valid integer</a> giving
  the <a href="#ordinal-value" id="ordinal-value_1">ordinal value</a> of the list item.<div class="example">
   <p>The following example, the top ten movies are listed (in reverse
   order). Note the way the list is given a title by using a
   <code><a href="the-figure-element.html#the-figure-element" id="figure_1">figure</a></code> element and its <code><a href="the-figcaption-element.html#the-figcaption-element" id="figcaption">figcaption</a></code>
   element.</p>
   <pre>&lt;figure&gt;
 &lt;figcaption&gt;The top 10 movies of all time&lt;/figcaption&gt;
 &lt;ol&gt;
  &lt;li value="10"&gt;&lt;cite&gt;Josie and the Pussycats&lt;/cite&gt;, 2001&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li value="9"&gt;&lt;cite lang="sh"&gt;&#1062;&#1088;&#1085;&#1072; &#1084;&#1072;&#1095;&#1082;&#1072;, &#1073;&#1077;&#1083;&#1080; &#1084;&#1072;&#1095;&#1086;&#1088;&lt;/cite&gt;, 1998&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li value="8"&gt;&lt;cite&gt;A Bug's Life&lt;/cite&gt;, 1998&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li value="7"&gt;&lt;cite&gt;Toy Story&lt;/cite&gt;, 1995&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li value="6"&gt;&lt;cite&gt;Monsters, Inc&lt;/cite&gt;, 2001&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li value="5"&gt;&lt;cite&gt;Cars&lt;/cite&gt;, 2006&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li value="4"&gt;&lt;cite&gt;Toy Story 2&lt;/cite&gt;, 1999&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li value="3"&gt;&lt;cite&gt;Finding Nemo&lt;/cite&gt;, 2003&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li value="2"&gt;&lt;cite&gt;The Incredibles&lt;/cite&gt;, 2004&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li value="1"&gt;&lt;cite&gt;Ratatouille&lt;/cite&gt;, 2007&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;/figure&gt;</pre>

   <p>The markup could also be written as follows, using the <code title="attr-ol-reversed"><a href="the-ol-element.html#attr-ol-reversed" id="reversed_0">reversed</a></code> attribute on the
   <code><a href="the-ol-element.html#the-ol-element" id="ol_13">ol</a></code> element:</p>

   <pre>&lt;figure&gt;
 &lt;figcaption&gt;The top 10 movies of all time&lt;/figcaption&gt;
 &lt;ol reversed&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;cite&gt;Josie and the Pussycats&lt;/cite&gt;, 2001&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;cite lang="sh"&gt;&#1062;&#1088;&#1085;&#1072; &#1084;&#1072;&#1095;&#1082;&#1072;, &#1073;&#1077;&#1083;&#1080; &#1084;&#1072;&#1095;&#1086;&#1088;&lt;/cite&gt;, 1998&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;cite&gt;A Bug's Life&lt;/cite&gt;, 1998&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;cite&gt;Toy Story&lt;/cite&gt;, 1995&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;cite&gt;Monsters, Inc&lt;/cite&gt;, 2001&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;cite&gt;Cars&lt;/cite&gt;, 2006&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;cite&gt;Toy Story 2&lt;/cite&gt;, 1999&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;cite&gt;Finding Nemo&lt;/cite&gt;, 2003&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;cite&gt;The Incredibles&lt;/cite&gt;, 2004&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;cite&gt;Ratatouille&lt;/cite&gt;, 2007&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;/figure&gt;</pre>
  </div><p class="note">If the <code><a href="#the-li-element" id="li_9">li</a></code> element is the child of a
  <code><a href="the-menu-element.html#the-menu-element" id="menu_10">menu</a></code> element and itself has a child that defines a
  <a href="commands.html#concept-command" id="concept-command_3" title="concept-command">command</a>, then the
  <code><a href="#the-li-element" id="li_10">li</a></code> element will match the <code title="selector-enabled"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/links.html#selector-enabled" title='Read about this ":enabled" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>:enabled</a></code> and <code title="selector-disabled"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/links.html#selector-disabled" title='Read about this ":disabled" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>:disabled</a></code> pseudo-classes in the
  same way as the first such child element does.
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</script><link href="the-textarea-element.html" rel="prev" title="4.10.13 The textarea element">
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   <h1>HTML5 <span class="edition">Edition for Web Authors</span> <span class="rcsrevision">revision 1.4918</span></h1>
   </div><div>
   <a href="the-textarea-element.html">&larr; 4.10.13 The textarea element</a> &ndash;
   <a href="Overview.html#contents">Table of contents</a> &ndash;
   <a href="the-output-element.html">4.10.15 The output element &rarr;</a>
  </div>

  <h4 id="the-keygen-element"><span class="secno">4.10.14 </span>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>keygen</code></dfn> element</h4><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_129">Flow content</a>.</dd>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_148">Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#interactive-content" id="interactive-content_17">Interactive content</a>.</dd>
   <dd><a href="forms.html#category-listed" id="category-listed_8" title="category-listed">Listed</a>, <a href="forms.html#category-label" id="category-label_6" title="category-label">labelable</a>, <a href="forms.html#category-submit" id="category-submit_7" title="category-submit">submittable</a>, and <a href="forms.html#category-reset" id="category-reset_4" title="category-reset">resettable</a> <a href="forms.html#form-associated-element" id="form-associated-element_12">form-associated element</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Contexts in which this element can be used:</dt>
   <dd>Where <a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_149">phrasing content</a> is expected.</dd>
   <dt>Content model:</dt>
   <dd>Empty.</dd>
   <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
   <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes" id="global-attributes_95">Global attributes</a></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-fe-autofocus"><a href="association-of-controls-and-forms.html#attr-fe-autofocus" id="autofocus_7">autofocus</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-keygen-challenge"><a href="#attr-keygen-challenge" id="challenge">challenge</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-fe-disabled"><a href="association-of-controls-and-forms.html#attr-fe-disabled" id="disabled_19">disabled</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-fae-form"><a href="association-of-controls-and-forms.html#attr-fae-form" id="form_55">form</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-keygen-keytype"><a href="#attr-keygen-keytype" id="keytype">keytype</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-fe-name"><a href="association-of-controls-and-forms.html#attr-fe-name" id="name_44">name</a></code></dd>
   <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
   <dd>
<pre class="idl">interface <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="htmlkeygenelement" role="button" tabindex="0">HTMLKeygenElement</dfn> : <a href="elements.html#htmlelement" id="htmlelement_106">HTMLElement</a> {
           attribute boolean <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/association-of-controls-and-forms.html#dom-fe-autofocus" title='Read about this "autofocus" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>autofocus</a>;
           attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-button-element.html#dom-keygen-challenge" title='Read about this "challenge" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>challenge</a>;
           attribute boolean <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/association-of-controls-and-forms.html#dom-fe-disabled" title='Read about this "disabled" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>disabled</a>;
  readonly attribute <a href="the-form-element.html#htmlformelement" id="htmlformelement_9">HTMLFormElement</a> <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/association-of-controls-and-forms.html#dom-fae-form" title='Read about this "form" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>form</a>;
           attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-button-element.html#dom-keygen-keytype" title='Read about this "keytype" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>keytype</a>;
           attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/association-of-controls-and-forms.html#dom-fe-name" title='Read about this "name" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>name</a>;

  readonly attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-button-element.html#dom-keygen-type" title='Read about this "type" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>type</a>;

  readonly attribute boolean <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/association-of-controls-and-forms.html#dom-cva-willvalidate" title='Read about this "willValidate" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>willValidate</a>;
  readonly attribute <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/association-of-controls-and-forms.html#validitystate" title='Read about this "ValidityState" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>ValidityState</a> <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/association-of-controls-and-forms.html#dom-cva-validity" title='Read about this "validity" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>validity</a>;
  readonly attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/association-of-controls-and-forms.html#dom-cva-validationmessage" title='Read about this "validationMessage" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>validationMessage</a>;
  boolean <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/association-of-controls-and-forms.html#dom-cva-checkvalidatity" title='Read about this "checkValidity" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>checkValidity</a>();
  void <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/association-of-controls-and-forms.html#dom-cva-setcustomvalidity" title='Read about this "setCustomValidity" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>setCustomValidity</a>(in DOMString error);

  readonly attribute <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/infrastructure.html#nodelist" title='Read about this "NodeList" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>NodeList</a> <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/forms.html#dom-lfe-labels" title='Read about this "labels" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>labels</a>;
};</pre>
   </dd>
  </dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-keygen-element" id="keygen_12">keygen</a></code> element <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/rendering.html#represents" title='Read about this "represents" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>represents</a> a key
  pair generator control. When the control's form is submitted, the
  private key is stored in the local keystore, and the public key is
  packaged and sent to the server.<p>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-keygen-challenge" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>challenge</code></dfn> attribute
  may be specified. Its value will be packaged with the submitted
  key.<p>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-keygen-keytype" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>keytype</code></dfn>
  attribute is an <a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#enumerated-attribute" id="enumerated-attribute_11">enumerated attribute</a>. The following
  table lists the keywords and states for the attribute &mdash; the
  keywords in the left column map to the states listed in the cell in
  the second column on the same row as the keyword. User agents are
  not required to support these values, and must only recognize values
  whose corresponding algorithms they support.<table><thead><tr><th> Keyword <th> State
   <tbody><tr><td> <code title="">rsa</code>
     <td> <i title="">RSA</i>
  </table><p>The <i>invalid value default</i> state is the <i title="">unknown</i> state. The <i>missing value default</i> state
  is the <i title="">RSA</i> state, if it is supported, or the <i title="">unknown</i> state otherwise.<p class="note">This specification does not specify what key types
  user agents are to support &mdash; it is possible for a user agent
  to not support any key types at all.<p>The <code title="attr-fae-form"><a href="association-of-controls-and-forms.html#attr-fae-form" id="form_56">form</a></code> attribute is used to
  explicitly associate the <code><a href="#the-keygen-element" id="keygen_13">keygen</a></code> element with its
  <a href="association-of-controls-and-forms.html#form-owner" id="form-owner_11">form owner</a>. The <code title="attr-fe-name"><a href="association-of-controls-and-forms.html#attr-fe-name" id="name_45">name</a></code>
  attribute represents the element's name. The <code title="attr-fe-disabled"><a href="association-of-controls-and-forms.html#attr-fe-disabled" id="disabled_20">disabled</a></code> attribute is used to make
  the control non-interactive and to prevent its value from being
  submitted. The <code title="attr-fe-autofocus"><a href="association-of-controls-and-forms.html#attr-fe-autofocus" id="autofocus_8">autofocus</a></code>
  attribute controls focus.<dl class="domintro"><dt><var title="">keygen</var> . <code title="attr-keygen-type">type</code></dt>

   <dd>

    <p>Returns the string "<code title="">keygen</code>".</p>

   </dd>

  </dl><p class="note">This specification does not specify how the private
  key generated is to be used. It is expected that after receiving the
  <code><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-button-element.html#signedpublickeyandchallenge" title='Read about this "SignedPublicKeyAndChallenge" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>SignedPublicKeyAndChallenge</a></code> (SPKAC) structure, the
  server will generate a client certificate and offer it back to the
  user for download; this certificate, once downloaded and stored in
  the key store along with the private key, can then be used to
  authenticate to services that use TLS and certificate
  authentication.<div class="example">

   <p>To generate a key pair, add the private key to the user's key
   store, and submit the public key to the server, markup such as the
   following can be used:</p>

   <pre>&lt;form action="processkey.cgi" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data"&gt;
 &lt;p&gt;&lt;keygen name="key"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p&gt;&lt;input type=submit value="Submit key..."&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/form&gt;</pre>

   <p>The server will then receive a form submission with a packaged
   RSA public key as the value of "<code title="">key</code>". This
   can then be used for various purposes, such as generating a client
   certificate, as mentioned above.</p>

  </div>
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</script><link href="the-base-element.html" rel="prev" title="4.2.3 The base element">
  <link href="Overview.html#contents" rel="index" title="Table of contents">
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   <p><a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img alt="W3C" height="48" src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" width="72"></a></p>

   <h1>HTML5 <span class="edition">Edition for Web Authors</span> <span class="rcsrevision">revision 1.4918</span></h1>
   </div><div>
   <a href="the-base-element.html">&larr; 4.2.3 The base element</a> &ndash;
   <a href="Overview.html#contents">Table of contents</a> &ndash;
   <a href="the-meta-element.html">4.2.5 The meta element &rarr;</a>
  </div>

  <h4 id="the-link-element"><span class="secno">4.2.4 </span>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>link</code></dfn> element</h4><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#metadata-content" id="metadata-content_6">Metadata content</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Contexts in which this element can be used:</dt>
   <dd>Where <a href="content-models.html#metadata-content" id="metadata-content_7">metadata content</a> is expected.</dd>
   <dd>In a <code><a href="the-noscript-element.html#the-noscript-element" id="noscript_4">noscript</a></code> element that is a child of a <code><a href="the-head-element.html#the-head-element" id="head_11">head</a></code> element.</dd>
   <dt>Content model:</dt>
   <dd>Empty.</dd>
   <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
   <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes" id="global-attributes_4">Global attributes</a></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-link-href"><a href="#attr-link-href" id="href_3">href</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-link-rel"><a href="#attr-link-rel" id="rel">rel</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-link-media"><a href="#attr-link-media" id="media">media</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-link-hreflang"><a href="#attr-link-hreflang" id="hreflang">hreflang</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-link-type"><a href="#attr-link-type" id="type">type</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-link-sizes"><a href="links.html#attr-link-sizes" id="sizes">sizes</a></code></dd>
   <dd>Also, the <code title="attr-link-title"><a href="#attr-link-title" id="title_56">title</a></code> attribute has special semantics on this element.</dd>
   <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
   <dd>
<pre class="idl">interface <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="htmllinkelement" role="button" tabindex="0">HTMLLinkElement</dfn> : <a href="elements.html#htmlelement" id="htmlelement_11">HTMLElement</a> {
           attribute boolean <a href="#dom-link-disabled" id="dom-link-disabled_0" title="dom-link-disabled">disabled</a>;
           attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/semantics.html#dom-link-href" title='Read about this "href" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>href</a>;
           attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/semantics.html#dom-link-rel" title='Read about this "rel" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>rel</a>;
  readonly attribute <a href="urls.html#domtokenlist" id="domtokenlist_5">DOMTokenList</a> <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/semantics.html#dom-link-rellist" title='Read about this "relList" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>relList</a>;
           attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/semantics.html#dom-link-media" title='Read about this "media" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>media</a>;
           attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/semantics.html#dom-link-hreflang" title='Read about this "hreflang" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>hreflang</a>;
           attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/semantics.html#dom-link-type" title='Read about this "type" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>type</a>;
  [PutForwards=<a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/common-dom-interfaces.html#dom-domsettabletokenlist-value" title='Read about this "value" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>value</a>] readonly attribute <a href="urls.html#domsettabletokenlist" id="domsettabletokenlist_2">DOMSettableTokenList</a> <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/semantics.html#dom-link-sizes" title='Read about this "sizes" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>sizes</a>;
};
<a href="#htmllinkelement" id="htmllinkelement_0">HTMLLinkElement</a> implements <span>LinkStyle</span>;</pre>
   </dd>
  </dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-link-element" id="link_4">link</a></code> element allows authors to link their
  document to other resources.<p>The destination of the link(s) is given by the <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-link-href" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>href</code></dfn> attribute, which must
  be present and must contain a <a href="urls.html#valid-non-empty-url-potentially-surrounded-by-spaces" id="valid-non-empty-url-potentially-surrounded-by-spaces_1">valid non-empty URL potentially
  surrounded by spaces</a>. <p>A <code><a href="#the-link-element" id="link_5">link</a></code> element must have <code title="attr-link-rel"><a href="#attr-link-rel" id="rel_0">rel</a></code> attribute.<p>The types of link indicated (the relationships) are given by the
  value of the <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-link-rel" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>rel</code></dfn>
  attribute, which, if present, must have a value that is a <a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#set-of-space-separated-tokens" id="set-of-space-separated-tokens_7">set
  of space-separated tokens</a>. The <a href="links.html#linkTypes">allowed
  keywords and their meanings</a> are defined in a later
  section. <p>Two categories of links can be created using the
  <code><a href="#the-link-element" id="link_6">link</a></code> element: <a href="links.html#external-resource-link" id="external-resource-link_0" title="external resource
  link">Links to external resources</a> and <a href="links.html#hyperlink" id="hyperlink_6" title="hyperlink">hyperlinks</a>. The <a href="links.html#linkTypes">link
  types section</a> defines whether a particular link type is an
  external resource or a hyperlink. One <code><a href="#the-link-element" id="link_7">link</a></code> element can
  create multiple links (of which some might be external resource
  links and some might be hyperlinks); exactly which and how many
  links are created depends on the keywords given in the <code title="attr-link-rel"><a href="#attr-link-rel" id="rel_1">rel</a></code> attribute. User agents must process
  the links on a per-link basis, not a per-element basis.<p class="note">Each link created for a <code><a href="#the-link-element" id="link_8">link</a></code> element is
  handled separately. For instance, if there are two <code><a href="#the-link-element" id="link_9">link</a></code>
  elements with <code title="">rel="stylesheet"</code>, they each
  count as a separate external resource, and each is affected by its
  own attributes independently. Similarly, if a single
  <code><a href="#the-link-element" id="link_10">link</a></code> element has a <code title="attr-link-rel"><a href="#attr-link-rel" id="rel_2">rel</a></code> attribute with the value <code title="">next stylesheet</code>, it creates both a
  <a href="links.html#hyperlink" id="hyperlink_7">hyperlink</a> (for the <code title="rel-next"><a href="links.html#link-type-next" id="next">next</a></code>
  keyword) and an <a href="links.html#external-resource-link" id="external-resource-link_1">external resource link</a> (for the <code title="rel-stylesheet"><a href="links.html#link-type-stylesheet" id="stylesheet">stylesheet</a></code> keyword), and they are
  affected by other attributes (such as <code title="attr-link-media"><a href="#attr-link-media" id="media_0">media</a></code> or <code title="attr-link-title"><a href="#attr-link-title" id="title_57">title</a></code>) differently.<p>The exact behavior for links to external resources depends on the
  exact relationship, as defined for the relevant link type. Some of
  the attributes control whether or not the external resource is to be
  applied (as defined below).<p class="note">Hyperlinks created with the <code><a href="#the-link-element" id="link_11">link</a></code>
  element and its <code title="attr-link-rel"><a href="#attr-link-rel" id="rel_3">rel</a></code> attribute
  apply to the whole page. This contrasts with the <code title="attr-hyperlink-rel"><a href="links.html#attr-hyperlink-rel" id="rel_11">rel</a></code> attribute of <code><a href="the-a-element.html#the-a-element" id="a_12">a</a></code>
  and <code><a href="the-area-element.html#the-area-element" id="area_7">area</a></code> elements, which indicates the type of a link
  whose context is given by the link's location within the
  document.<p>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-link-media" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>media</code></dfn>
  attribute says which media the resource applies to. The value must
  be a <a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#valid-media-query" id="valid-media-query_0">valid media query</a>.<p id="default-media">The default, if the <code title="attr-link-media"><a href="#attr-link-media" id="media_1">media</a></code> attribute is omitted, is "<code title="">all</code>", meaning that by default links apply to all
  media.<p>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-link-hreflang" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>hreflang</code></dfn>
  attribute on the <code><a href="#the-link-element" id="link_12">link</a></code> element has the same semantics as
  the <a href="links.html#attr-hyperlink-hreflang" id="attr-hyperlink-hreflang_0" title="attr-hyperlink-hreflang"><code>hreflang</code>
  attribute on <code>a</code> and <code>area</code>
  elements</a>.<p>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-link-type" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>type</code></dfn> attribute
  gives the <a href="infrastructure.html#mime-type" id="mime-type_3">MIME type</a> of the linked resource. It is
  purely advisory.  The value must be a <a href="infrastructure.html#valid-mime-type" id="valid-mime-type_1">valid MIME
  type</a>.<p>For <a href="links.html#external-resource-link" id="external-resource-link_2" title="external resource link">external resource
  links</a>, the <code title="attr-link-type"><a href="#attr-link-type" id="type_0">type</a></code> attribute
  is used as a hint to user agents so that they can avoid fetching
  resources they do not support. <p>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-link-title" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>title</code></dfn>
  attribute gives the title of the link. With one exception, it is
  purely advisory. The value is text. The exception is for style sheet
  links, where the <code title="attr-link-title"><a href="#attr-link-title" id="title_58">title</a></code>
  attribute defines <span>alternative style sheet sets</span>.<p class="note">The <code title="attr-link-title"><a href="#attr-link-title" id="title_59">title</a></code>
  attribute on <code><a href="#the-link-element" id="link_13">link</a></code> elements differs from the global
  <code title="attr-title"><a href="elements.html#the-title-attribute" id="title_6">title</a></code> attribute of most other
  elements in that a link without a title does not inherit the title
  of the parent element: it merely has no title.<p>The <code title="attr-link-sizes"><a href="links.html#attr-link-sizes" id="sizes_0">sizes</a></code> attribute is used
  with the <code title="rel-icon"><a href="links.html#rel-icon" id="icon_1">icon</a></code> link type. The attribute
  must not be specified on <code><a href="#the-link-element" id="link_14">link</a></code> elements that do not have
  a <code title="attr-link-rel"><a href="#attr-link-rel" id="rel_4">rel</a></code> attribute that specifies
  the <code title="rel-icon"><a href="links.html#rel-icon" id="icon_2">icon</a></code> keyword.<p>The IDL attribute <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="dom-link-disabled" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>disabled</code></dfn> only applies
  to style sheet links. When the <code><a href="#the-link-element" id="link_15">link</a></code> element defines a
  style sheet link, then the <code title="dom-link-disabled"><a href="#dom-link-disabled" id="disabled">disabled</a></code> attribute behaves as
  defined <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/semantics.html#dom-linkstyle-disabled" title='Read about this "for the alternative style sheets DOM" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>for the alternative
  style sheets DOM</a>. For all other <code><a href="#the-link-element" id="link_16">link</a></code> elements it
  always return false and does nothing on setting.<p>The <code>LinkStyle</code> interface is also implemented by
  this element; the <a href="the-style-element.html#styling" id="styling-processing-model">styling processing model</a> defines
  how. <a href="references.html#refsCSSOM">[CSSOM]</a><div class="example">

   <p>Here, a set of <code><a href="#the-link-element" id="link_17">link</a></code> elements provide some style
   sheets:</p>

   <pre>&lt;!-- a persistent style sheet --&gt;
&lt;link rel="stylesheet" href="default.css"&gt;

&lt;!-- the preferred alternate style sheet --&gt;
&lt;link rel="stylesheet" href="green.css" title="Green styles"&gt;

&lt;!-- some alternate style sheets --&gt;
&lt;link rel="alternate stylesheet" href="contrast.css" title="High contrast"&gt;
&lt;link rel="alternate stylesheet" href="big.css" title="Big fonts"&gt;
&lt;link rel="alternate stylesheet" href="wide.css" title="Wide screen"&gt;</pre>

  </div><div class="example">

   <p>The following example shows how you can specify versions of the
   page that use alternative formats, are aimed at other languages,
   and that are intended for other media:</p>

   <pre>&lt;link rel=alternate href="/en/html" hreflang=en type=text/html title="English HTML"&gt;
&lt;link rel=alternate href="/fr/html" hreflang=fr type=text/html title="French HTML"&gt;
&lt;link rel=alternate href="/en/html/print" hreflang=en type=text/html media=print title="English HTML (for printing)"&gt;
&lt;link rel=alternate href="/fr/html/print" hreflang=fr type=text/html media=print title="French HTML (for printing)"&gt;
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</script><link href="the-datalist-element.html" rel="prev" title="4.10.10 The datalist element">
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   <h1>HTML5 <span class="edition">Edition for Web Authors</span> <span class="rcsrevision">revision 1.4918</span></h1>
   </div><div>
   <a href="the-datalist-element.html">&larr; 4.10.10 The datalist element</a> &ndash;
   <a href="Overview.html#contents">Table of contents</a> &ndash;
   <a href="the-option-element.html">4.10.12 The option element &rarr;</a>
  </div>

  <h4 id="the-optgroup-element"><span class="secno">4.10.11 </span>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>optgroup</code></dfn> element</h4><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
   <dd>None.</dd>
   <dt>Contexts in which this element can be used:</dt>
   <dd>As a child of a <code><a href="the-select-element.html#the-select-element" id="select_34">select</a></code> element.</dd>
   <dt>Content model:</dt>
   <dd>Zero or more <code><a href="the-option-element.html#the-option-element" id="option_22">option</a></code> elements.</dd>
   <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
   <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes" id="global-attributes_92">Global attributes</a></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-optgroup-disabled"><a href="#attr-optgroup-disabled" id="disabled_3">disabled</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-optgroup-label"><a href="#attr-optgroup-label" id="label_31">label</a></code></dd>
   <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
   <dd>
<pre class="idl">interface <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="htmloptgroupelement" role="button" tabindex="0">HTMLOptGroupElement</dfn> : <a href="elements.html#htmlelement" id="htmlelement_103">HTMLElement</a> {
           attribute boolean <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-button-element.html#dom-optgroup-disabled" title='Read about this "disabled" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>disabled</a>;
           attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-button-element.html#dom-optgroup-label" title='Read about this "label" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>label</a>;
};</pre>
   </dd>
  </dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-optgroup-element" id="optgroup_7">optgroup</a></code> element <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/rendering.html#represents" title='Read about this "represents" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>represents</a> a group of
  <code><a href="the-option-element.html#the-option-element" id="option_23">option</a></code> elements with a common label.<p>The element's group of <code><a href="the-option-element.html#the-option-element" id="option_24">option</a></code> elements consists of
  the <code><a href="the-option-element.html#the-option-element" id="option_25">option</a></code> elements that are children of the
  <code><a href="#the-optgroup-element" id="optgroup_8">optgroup</a></code> element.<p>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-optgroup-disabled" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>disabled</code></dfn> attribute
  is a <a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#boolean-attribute" id="boolean-attribute_15">boolean attribute</a> and can be used to <a href="the-option-element.html#concept-option-disabled" id="concept-option-disabled_1" title="concept-option-disabled">disable</a> a group of
  <code><a href="the-option-element.html#the-option-element" id="option_26">option</a></code> elements together.<p>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-optgroup-label" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>label</code></dfn>
  attribute must be specified. Its value gives the name of the group,
  for the purposes of the user interface. <div class="example">

   <p>The following snippet shows how a set of lessons from three
   courses could be offered in a <code><a href="the-select-element.html#the-select-element" id="select_35">select</a></code> drop-down
   widget:</p>

   <pre>&lt;form action="courseselector.dll" method="get"&gt;
 &lt;p&gt;Which course would you like to watch today?
 &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;Course:
  &lt;select name="c"&gt;
   &lt;optgroup label="8.01 Physics I: Classical Mechanics"&gt;
    &lt;option value="8.01.1"&gt;Lecture 01: Powers of Ten
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   <h1>HTML5 <span class="edition">Edition for Web Authors</span> <span class="rcsrevision">revision 1.4918</span></h1>
   </div><div>
   <a href="the-object-element.html">&larr; 4.8.4 The object element</a> &ndash;
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   <a href="the-video-element.html">4.8.6 The video element &rarr;</a>
  </div>

  <h4 id="the-param-element"><span class="secno">4.8.5 </span>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>param</code></dfn> element</h4><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
   <dd>None.</dd>
   <dt>Contexts in which this element can be used:</dt>
   <dd>As a child of an <code><a href="the-object-element.html#the-object-element" id="object_20">object</a></code> element, before any <a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_100">flow content</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Content model:</dt>
   <dd>Empty.</dd>
   <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
   <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes" id="global-attributes_66">Global attributes</a></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-param-name"><a href="#attr-param-name" id="name_13">name</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-param-value"><a href="#attr-param-value" id="value_1">value</a></code></dd>
   <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
   <dd>
<pre class="idl">interface <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="htmlparamelement" role="button" tabindex="0">HTMLParamElement</dfn> : <a href="elements.html#htmlelement" id="htmlelement_70">HTMLElement</a> {
           attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-iframe-element.html#dom-param-name" title='Read about this "name" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>name</a>;
           attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-iframe-element.html#dom-param-value" title='Read about this "value" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>value</a>;
};</pre>
   </dd>
  </dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-param-element" id="param_2">param</a></code> element defines parameters for plugins
  invoked by <code><a href="the-object-element.html#the-object-element" id="object_21">object</a></code> elements. It does not <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/rendering.html#represents" title='Read about this "represent" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>represent</a> anything on its own.<p>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-param-name" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>name</code></dfn>
  attribute gives the name of the parameter.<p>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-param-value" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>value</code></dfn>
  attribute gives the value of the parameter.<p>Both attributes must be present. They may have any value.<div class="example">

   <p>The following example shows how the <code><a href="#the-param-element" id="param_3">param</a></code> element
   can be used to pass a parameter to a plugin, in this case the O3D
   plugin.</p>

   <pre>&lt;!DOCTYPE HTML&gt;
&lt;html lang="en"&gt;
  &lt;head&gt;
   &lt;title&gt;O3D Utah Teapot&lt;/title&gt;
  &lt;/head&gt;
  &lt;body&gt;
   &lt;p&gt;
    &lt;object type="application/vnd.o3d.auto"&gt;
     <strong>&lt;param name="o3d_features" value="FloatingPointTextures"&gt;</strong>
     &lt;img src="o3d-teapot.png"
          title="3D Utah Teapot illustration rendered using O3D."
          alt="When O3D renders the Utah Teapot, it appears as a squat
          teapot with a shiny metallic finish on which the
          surroundings are reflected, with a faint shadow caused by
          the lighting."&gt;
     &lt;p&gt;To see the teapot actually rendered by O3D on your
     computer, please download and install the &lt;a
     href="http://code.google.com/apis/o3d/docs/gettingstarted.html#install"&gt;O3D plugin&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
    &lt;/object&gt;
    &lt;script src="o3d-teapot.js"&gt;&lt;/script&gt;
   &lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;/body&gt;
&lt;/html&gt;</pre>

  </div>
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   <a href="the-abbr-element.html">&larr; 4.6.9 The abbr element</a> &ndash;
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   <a href="the-code-element.html">4.6.11 The code element &rarr;</a>
  </div>

  <h4 id="the-time-element"><span class="secno">4.6.10 </span>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>time</code></dfn> element</h4><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_76">Flow content</a>.</dd>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_55">Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Contexts in which this element can be used:</dt>
   <dd>Where <a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_56">phrasing content</a> is expected.</dd>
   <dt>Content model:</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_57">Phrasing content</a>, but there must be no <code><a href="#the-time-element" id="time_4">time</a></code> element descendants.</dd>
   <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
   <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes" id="global-attributes_41">Global attributes</a></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-time-datetime"><a href="#attr-time-datetime" id="datetime_0">datetime</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-time-pubdate"><a href="#attr-time-pubdate" id="pubdate_0">pubdate</a></code></dd>
   <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
   <dd>
<pre class="idl">interface <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="htmltimeelement" role="button" tabindex="0">HTMLTimeElement</dfn> : <a href="elements.html#htmlelement" id="htmlelement_47">HTMLElement</a> {
           attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/text-level-semantics.html#dom-time-datetime" title='Read about this "dateTime" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>dateTime</a>;
           attribute boolean <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/text-level-semantics.html#dom-time-pubdate" title='Read about this "pubDate" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>pubDate</a>;
  readonly attribute <a href="states-of-the-type-attribute.html#date-state" id="date">Date</a> <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/text-level-semantics.html#dom-time-valueasdate" title='Read about this "valueAsDate" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>valueAsDate</a>;
};</pre>
   </dd>
  </dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-time-element" id="time_5">time</a></code> element <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/rendering.html#represents" title='Read about this "represents" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>represents</a> either a
  time on a 24 hour clock, or a precise date in the proleptic
  Gregorian calendar, optionally with a time and a time-zone
  offset. <a href="references.html#refsGREGORIAN">[GREGORIAN]</a><p>This element is intended as a way to encode modern dates and
  times in a machine-readable way so that, for example, user agents
  can offer to add birthday reminders or scheduled events to the
  user's calendar.<div class="note">

   <p>The <code><a href="#the-time-element" id="time_6">time</a></code> element is not intended for encoding times
   for which a precise date or time cannot be established. For
   example, it would be inappropriate for encoding times like "one
   millisecond after the big bang", "the early part of the Jurassic
   period", or "a winter around 250 BCE".</p>

   <p>For dates before the introduction of the Gregorian calendar,
   authors are encouraged to not use the <code><a href="#the-time-element" id="time_7">time</a></code> element, or
   else to be very careful about converting dates and times from the
   period to the Gregorian calendar. This is complicated by the manner
   in which the Gregorian calendar was phased in, which occurred at
   different times in different countries, ranging from partway
   through the 16th century all the way to early in the 20th.</p>

  </div><p>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-time-pubdate" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>pubdate</code></dfn>
  attribute is a <a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#boolean-attribute" id="boolean-attribute_3">boolean attribute</a>. If specified, it
  indicates that the date and time given by the element is the
  publication date and time of the nearest ancestor
  <code><a href="the-article-element.html#the-article-element" id="article_16">article</a></code> element, or, if the element has no ancestor
  <code><a href="the-article-element.html#the-article-element" id="article_17">article</a></code> element, of the document as a whole. If the
  element has a <code title="attr-time-pubdate"><a href="#attr-time-pubdate" id="pubdate_1">pubdate</a></code>
  attribute specified, then the element <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="needs-a-date" role="button" tabindex="0">needs a date</dfn>. For
  each <code><a href="the-article-element.html#the-article-element" id="article_18">article</a></code> element, there must be no more than one
  <code><a href="#the-time-element" id="time_8">time</a></code> element with a <code title="attr-time-pubdate"><a href="#attr-time-pubdate" id="pubdate_2">pubdate</a></code> attribute whose nearest
  ancestor is that <code><a href="the-article-element.html#the-article-element" id="article_19">article</a></code> element. Furthermore, for each
  <code><a href="infrastructure.html#document" id="document_60">Document</a></code>, there must be no more than one
  <code><a href="#the-time-element" id="time_9">time</a></code> element with a <code title="attr-time-pubdate"><a href="#attr-time-pubdate" id="pubdate_3">pubdate</a></code> attribute that does not
  have an ancestor <code><a href="the-article-element.html#the-article-element" id="article_20">article</a></code> element.<p>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-time-datetime" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>datetime</code></dfn>
  attribute, if present, gives the date or time being
  specified. Otherwise, the date or time is given by the element's
  contents.<p>If the element <i><a href="#needs-a-date" id="needs-a-date_0">needs a date</a></i>, and the <code title="attr-time-datetime"><a href="#attr-time-datetime" id="datetime_1">datetime</a></code> attribute is present,
  then the attribute's value must be a <a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#valid-date-string-with-optional-time" id="valid-date-string-with-optional-time_1">valid date string with
  optional time</a>.<p>If the element <i><a href="#needs-a-date" id="needs-a-date_1">needs a date</a></i>, but the <code title="attr-time-datetime"><a href="#attr-time-datetime" id="datetime_2">datetime</a></code> attribute is not present,
  then the element's <code><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/infrastructure.html#textcontent" title='Read about this "textContent" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>textContent</a></code> must be a <a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#valid-date-string-in-content-with-optional-time" id="valid-date-string-in-content-with-optional-time_0">valid
  date string in content with optional time</a>.<p>If the element does not <i title="needs a date"><a href="#needs-a-date" id="need-a-date">need a date</a></i>,
  and the <code title="attr-time-datetime"><a href="#attr-time-datetime" id="datetime_3">datetime</a></code> attribute
  is present, then the attribute's value must be a <a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#valid-date-or-time-string" id="valid-date-or-time-string_1">valid date or
  time string</a>.<p>If the element does not <i title="needs a date"><a href="#needs-a-date" id="need-a-date_0">need a date</a></i>,
  but the <code title="attr-time-datetime"><a href="#attr-time-datetime" id="datetime_4">datetime</a></code> attribute
  is not present, then the element's <code><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/infrastructure.html#textcontent" title='Read about this "textContent" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>textContent</a></code> must be
  a <a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#valid-date-or-time-string-in-content" id="valid-date-or-time-string-in-content_0">valid date or time string in content</a>.<p>The date, if any, must be expressed using the Gregorian
  calendar.<div class="example">

   <p>The <code><a href="#the-time-element" id="time_10">time</a></code> element can be used to encode dates, for
   example in Microformats. The following shows a hypothetical way of
   encoding an event using a variant on hCalendar that uses the
   <code><a href="#the-time-element" id="time_11">time</a></code> element:</p>

   <pre>&lt;div class="vevent"&gt;
 &lt;a class="url" href="http://www.web2con.com/"&gt;http://www.web2con.com/&lt;/a&gt;
  &lt;span class="summary"&gt;Web 2.0 Conference&lt;/span&gt;:
  &lt;time class="dtstart" datetime="2007-10-05"&gt;October 5&lt;/time&gt; -
  &lt;time class="dtend" datetime="2007-10-20"&gt;19&lt;/time&gt;,
  at the &lt;span class="location"&gt;Argent Hotel, San Francisco, CA&lt;/span&gt;
 &lt;/div&gt;</pre>

   <p>(The end date is encoded as one day after the last date of the
   event because in the iCalendar format, end dates are
   <em>exclusive</em>, not inclusive.)</p>

  </div><div class="example">

   <p>The <code><a href="#the-time-element" id="time_12">time</a></code> element is not necessary for encoding
   dates or times. In the following snippet, the time is encoded using
   <code><a href="#the-time-element" id="time_13">time</a></code>, so that it can be restyled (e.g. using XBL2) to
   match local conventions, while the year is not marked up at all,
   since marking it up would not be particularly useful, and doing so
   is thus not allowed.</p>

   <pre>&lt;p&gt;I usually have a snack at &lt;time&gt;16:00&lt;/time&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;I've liked model trains since at least 1983.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>

   <p>Using a styling technology that supports restyling times, the
   first paragraph from the above snippet could be rendered as follows:</p>

   <blockquote><p>I usually have a snack at 4pm.</blockquote>

   <p>Or it could be rendered as follows:</p>

   <blockquote><p>I usually have a snack at 16h00.</blockquote>

  </div><dl class="domintro"><dt><var title="">time</var> . <code title="dom-time-valueAsDate"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/text-level-semantics.html#dom-time-valueasdate" title='Read about this "valueAsDate" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>valueAsDate</a></code></dt>

   <dd>

    <p>Returns a <a href="states-of-the-type-attribute.html#date-state" id="date_0"><code>Date</code></a> object representing the specified date and time.</p>

   </dd>

  </dl><div class="example">

   <p>In the following snippet:</p>

   <pre>&lt;p&gt;Our first date was &lt;time datetime="2006-09-23"&gt;a Saturday&lt;/time&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>

   <p>...the <code><a href="#the-time-element" id="time_14">time</a></code> element's <code title="dom-time-valueAsDate"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/text-level-semantics.html#dom-time-valueasdate" title='Read about this "valueAsDate" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>valueAsDate</a></code> attribute would
   have the value 1,158,969,600,000ms.</p>

  </div><div class="example">

   <p>In the following snippet:</p>

   <pre>&lt;p&gt;Many people get up at &lt;time&gt;08:00&lt;/time&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>

   <p>...the <code><a href="#the-time-element" id="time_15">time</a></code> element's <code title="dom-time-valueAsDate"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/text-level-semantics.html#dom-time-valueasdate" title='Read about this "valueAsDate" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>valueAsDate</a></code> attribute would
   have the value 28,800,000ms.</p>

  </div><div class="example">

   <p>In this example, an article's publication date is marked up
   using <code><a href="#the-time-element" id="time_16">time</a></code>:</p>

   <pre>&lt;article&gt;
 &lt;h1&gt;Small tasks&lt;/h1&gt;
 &lt;footer&gt;Published &lt;time pubdate&gt;2009-08-30&lt;/time&gt;.&lt;/footer&gt;
 &lt;p&gt;I put a bike bell on his bike.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/article&gt;</pre>

   <p>Here is another way that could be marked up. In this example,
   legacy user agents would say "today", while newer user agents would
   render the time in a locale-specific manner based on the value of
   the attribute.</p>

   <pre>&lt;article&gt;
 &lt;h1&gt;Small tasks&lt;/h1&gt;
 &lt;footer&gt;Published &lt;time pubdate datetime="2009-08-30"&gt;today&lt;/time&gt;.&lt;/footer&gt;
 &lt;p&gt;I put a bike bell on his bike.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/article&gt;</pre>

   <p>Here is the same thing but with the time included only. Because
   the element is empty, legacy user agents will not show anything
   useful; user agents that implement this specification, on the other
   hand, would show the date and time in a locale-specific manner.</p>

   <pre>&lt;article&gt;
 &lt;h1&gt;Small tasks&lt;/h1&gt;
 &lt;footer&gt;Published &lt;time pubdate datetime="2009-08-30T07:13Z"&gt;&lt;/time&gt;.&lt;/footer&gt;
 &lt;p&gt;I put a bike bell on his bike.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/article&gt;</pre>

  </div>
--- NEW FILE: the-var-element.html ---
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</script><link href="the-code-element.html" rel="prev" title="4.6.11 The code element">
  <link href="Overview.html#contents" rel="index" title="Table of contents">
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   <p><a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img alt="W3C" height="48" src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" width="72"></a></p>

   <h1>HTML5 <span class="edition">Edition for Web Authors</span> <span class="rcsrevision">revision 1.4918</span></h1>
   </div><div>
   <a href="the-code-element.html">&larr; 4.6.11 The code element</a> &ndash;
   <a href="Overview.html#contents">Table of contents</a> &ndash;
   <a href="the-samp-element.html">4.6.13 The samp element &rarr;</a>
  </div>

  <h4 id="the-var-element"><span class="secno">4.6.12 </span>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>var</code></dfn> element</h4><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_78">Flow content</a>.</dd>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_61">Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Contexts in which this element can be used:</dt>
   <dd>Where <a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_62">phrasing content</a> is expected.</dd>
   <dt>Content model:</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_63">Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
   <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes" id="global-attributes_43">Global attributes</a></dd>
   <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
   <dd>Uses <code><a href="elements.html#htmlelement" id="htmlelement_49">HTMLElement</a></code>.</dd>
  </dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-var-element" id="var_1">var</a></code> element <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/rendering.html#represents" title='Read about this "represents" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>represents</a> a
  variable. This could be an actual variable in a mathematical
  expression or programming context, or it could just be a term used
  as a placeholder in prose.<div class="example">
   <p>In the paragraph below, the letter "n" is being used as a
   variable in prose:</p>
   <pre>&lt;p&gt;If there are &lt;var&gt;n&lt;/var&gt; pipes leading to the ice
cream factory then I expect at &lt;em&gt;least&lt;/em&gt; &lt;var&gt;n&lt;/var&gt;
flavors of ice cream to be available for purchase!&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
  </div><p>For mathematics, in particular for anything beyond the simplest
  of expressions, MathML is more appropriate. However, the
  <code><a href="#the-var-element" id="var_2">var</a></code> element can still be used to refer to specific
  variables that are then mentioned in MathML expressions.<div class="example">

   <p>In this example, an equation is shown, with a legend that
   references the variables in the equation. The expression itself is
   marked up with MathML, but the variables are mentioned in the
   figure's legend using <code><a href="#the-var-element" id="var_3">var</a></code>.</p>

   <pre>&lt;figure&gt;
 &lt;math&gt;
  &lt;mi&gt;a&lt;/mi&gt;
  &lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;
  &lt;msqrt&gt;
   &lt;msup&gt;&lt;mi&gt;b&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;
   &lt;mi&gt;+&lt;/mi&gt;
   &lt;msup&gt;&lt;mi&gt;c&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;
  &lt;/msqrt&gt;
 &lt;/math&gt;
 &lt;figcaption&gt;
  Using Pythagoras' theorem to solve for the hypotenuse &lt;var&gt;a&lt;/var&gt; of
  a triangle with sides &lt;var&gt;b&lt;/var&gt; and &lt;var&gt;c&lt;/var&gt;
 &lt;/figcaption&gt;
&lt;/figure&gt;</pre>

  </div>
--- NEW FILE: the-th-element.html ---
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</script><link href="the-td-element.html" rel="prev" title="4.9.9 The td element">
  <link href="Overview.html#contents" rel="index" title="Table of contents">
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  <body class="split chapter" onload="fixBrokenLink(); init()"><div class="head" id="head">
   <p><a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img alt="W3C" height="48" src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" width="72"></a></p>

   <h1>HTML5 <span class="edition">Edition for Web Authors</span> <span class="rcsrevision">revision 1.4918</span></h1>
   </div><div>
   <a href="the-td-element.html">&larr; 4.9.9 The td element</a> &ndash;
   <a href="Overview.html#contents">Table of contents</a> &ndash;
   <a href="forms.html">4.10 Forms &rarr;</a>
  <ol class="toc"><li><ol><li><ol><li><a href="the-th-element.html#the-th-element" id="x4.9.10-the-th-element"><span class="secno">4.9.10 </span>The <code>th</code> element</a><li><a href="the-th-element.html#attributes-common-to-td-and-th-elements"><span class="secno">4.9.11 </span>Attributes common to <code>td</code> and <code>th</code> elements</a><li><a href="the-th-element.html#examples"><span class="secno">4.9.13 </span>Examples</a></ol></ol></ol></div>

  <h4 id="the-th-element"><span class="secno">4.9.10 </span>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>th</code></dfn> element</h4><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
   <dd>None.</dd>
   <dt>Contexts in which this element can be used:</dt>
   <dd>As a child of a <code><a href="the-tr-element.html#the-tr-element" id="tr_19">tr</a></code> element.</dd>
   <dt>Content model:</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_130">Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
   <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes" id="global-attributes_83">Global attributes</a></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-tdth-colspan"><a href="#attr-tdth-colspan" id="colspan_0">colspan</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-tdth-rowspan"><a href="#attr-tdth-rowspan" id="rowspan_0">rowspan</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-tdth-headers"><a href="#attr-tdth-headers" id="headers_1">headers</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-th-scope"><a href="#attr-th-scope" id="scope_0">scope</a></code></dd>
   <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
   <dd>
    <pre class="idl">interface <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="htmltableheadercellelement" role="button" tabindex="0">HTMLTableHeaderCellElement</dfn> : <a href="#htmltablecellelement" id="htmltablecellelement_1">HTMLTableCellElement</a> {
           attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/tabular-data.html#dom-th-scope" title='Read about this "scope" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>scope</a>;
};</pre>
   </dd>
  </dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-th-element" id="th_7">th</a></code> element <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/rendering.html#represents" title='Read about this "represents" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>represents</a> a header <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/tabular-data.html#concept-cell" title='Read about this "cell" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>cell</a> in a table.<p>The <code><a href="#the-th-element" id="th_8">th</a></code> element may have a <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-th-scope" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>scope</code></dfn> content attribute
  specified. The <code title="attr-th-scope"><a href="#attr-th-scope" id="scope_1">scope</a></code> attribute is
  an <a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#enumerated-attribute" id="enumerated-attribute_5">enumerated attribute</a> with five states, four of which
  have explicit keywords:<dl><dt>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-th-scope-row" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>row</code></dfn>
   keyword, which maps to the <a href="#attr-th-scope-row" id="row"><i>row</i></a> state</dt>

   <dd>The <a href="#attr-th-scope-row" id="row_0"><i>row</i></a> state means the header cell applies to some of
   the subsequent cells in the same row(s).</dd>

   <dt>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-th-scope-col" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>col</code></dfn>
   keyword, which maps to the <i>column</i> state</dt>

   <dd>The <i>column</i> state means the header cell applies to some
   of the subsequent cells in the same column(s).</dd>

   <dt>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-th-scope-rowgroup" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>rowgroup</code></dfn> keyword,
   which maps to the <i>row group</i> state</dt>

   <dd>The <i>row group</i> state means the header cell applies to all
   the remaining cells in the row group. A <code><a href="#the-th-element" id="th_9">th</a></code> element's
   <code title="attr-th-scope"><a href="#attr-th-scope" id="scope_2">scope</a></code> attribute must not be in
   the <a href="#attr-th-scope-rowgroup" id="attr-th-scope-rowgroup_0" title="attr-th-scope-rowgroup">row group</a> state if
   the element is not anchored in a <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/tabular-data.html#concept-row-group" title='Read about this "row group" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>row group</a>.</dd>

   <dt>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-th-scope-colgroup" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>colgroup</code></dfn> keyword,
   which maps to the <i>column group</i> state</dt>

   <dd>The <i>column group</i> state means the header cell applies to
   all the remaining cells in the column group. A <code><a href="#the-th-element" id="th_10">th</a></code>
   element's <code title="attr-th-scope"><a href="#attr-th-scope" id="scope_3">scope</a></code> attribute must
   not be in the <a href="#attr-th-scope-colgroup" id="attr-th-scope-colgroup_0" title="attr-th-scope-colgroup">column
   group</a> state if the element is not anchored in a <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/tabular-data.html#concept-column-group" title='Read about this "column group" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>column group</a>.</dd>

   <dt>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-th-scope-auto" role="button" tabindex="0">auto</dfn> state</dt>

   <dd>The <a href="#attr-th-scope-auto" id="auto_2"><i>auto</i></a> state makes the header cell apply to a set of
   cells selected based on context.</dd>

  </dl><p>The <code title="attr-th-scope"><a href="#attr-th-scope" id="scope_4">scope</a></code> attribute's
  <i>missing value default</i> is the <a href="#attr-th-scope-auto" id="auto_3"><i>auto</i></a> state.<div class="example">

   <p>The following example shows how the <code title="attr-th-scope"><a href="#attr-th-scope" id="scope_5">scope</a></code> attribute's <code title="attr-th-scope-rowgroup"><a href="#attr-th-scope-rowgroup" id="rowgroup">rowgroup</a></code> value affects which
   data cells a header cell applies to.</p>

   <p>Here is a markup fragment showing a table:</p>

   <pre>&lt;table&gt;
 &lt;thead&gt;
  &lt;tr&gt; &lt;th&gt; ID &lt;th&gt; Measurement &lt;th&gt; Average &lt;th&gt; Maximum
 &lt;tbody&gt;
  &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt; &lt;th scope=rowgroup&gt; Cats &lt;td&gt; &lt;td&gt;
  &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt; 93 &lt;th scope=row&gt; Legs &lt;td&gt; 3.5 &lt;td&gt; 4
  &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt; 10 &lt;th scope=row&gt; Tails &lt;td&gt; 1 &lt;td&gt; 1
 &lt;tbody&gt;
  &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt; &lt;th scope=rowgroup&gt; English speakers &lt;td&gt; &lt;td&gt;
  &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt; 32 &lt;th scope=row&gt; Legs &lt;td&gt; 2.67 &lt;td&gt; 4
  &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt; 35 &lt;th scope=row&gt; Tails &lt;td&gt; 0.33 &lt;td&gt; 1
&lt;/table&gt;</pre>

   <p>This would result in the following table:</p>

   <table><thead><tr><th> ID <th> Measurement <th> Average <th> Maximum
    <tbody><tr><td> <th scope="rowgroup"> Cats <td> <td>
     <tr><td> 93 <th scope="row"> Legs <td> 3.5 <td> 4
     <tr><td> 10 <th scope="row"> Tails <td> 1 <td> 1
    <tbody><tr><td> <th scope="rowgroup"> English speakers <td> <td>
     <tr><td> 32 <th scope="row"> Legs <td> 2.67 <td> 4
     <tr><td> 35 <th scope="row"> Tails <td> 0.33 <td> 1
   </table><p>The headers in the first row all apply directly down to the rows
   in their column.</p>

   <p>The headers with the explicit <code title="attr-th-scope"><a href="#attr-th-scope" id="scope_6">scope</a></code> attributes apply to all the
   cells in their row group other than the cells in the first column.</p>

   <p>The remaining headers apply just to the cells to the right of
   them.</p>

   
   <img alt="" height="256" src="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/images/table-scope-diagram.png" width="459"></div><h4 id="attributes-common-to-td-and-th-elements"><span class="secno">4.9.11 </span>Attributes common to <code><a href="the-td-element.html#the-td-element" id="td_13">td</a></code> and <code><a href="#the-th-element" id="th_11">th</a></code> elements</h4><p>The <code><a href="the-td-element.html#the-td-element" id="td_14">td</a></code> and <code><a href="#the-th-element" id="th_12">th</a></code> elements may have a <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-tdth-colspan" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>colspan</code></dfn> content
  attribute specified, whose value must be a <a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#valid-non-negative-integer" id="valid-non-negative-integer_7">valid non-negative
  integer</a> greater than zero.<p>The <code><a href="the-td-element.html#the-td-element" id="td_15">td</a></code> and <code><a href="#the-th-element" id="th_13">th</a></code> elements may also have a
  <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-tdth-rowspan" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>rowspan</code></dfn> content
  attribute specified, whose value must be a <a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#valid-non-negative-integer" id="valid-non-negative-integer_8">valid non-negative
  integer</a>.<p>These attributes give the number of columns and rows respectively
  that the cell is to span. These attributes must not be used to
  overlap cells.<hr><p>The <code><a href="the-td-element.html#the-td-element" id="td_16">td</a></code> and <code><a href="#the-th-element" id="th_14">th</a></code> element may have a <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-tdth-headers" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>headers</code></dfn> content
  attribute specified. The <code title="attr-tdth-headers"><a href="#attr-tdth-headers" id="headers_2">headers</a></code> attribute, if specified,
  must contain a string consisting of an <a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#unordered-set-of-unique-space-separated-tokens" id="unordered-set-of-unique-space-separated-tokens_1">unordered set of unique
  space-separated tokens</a> that are <a href="infrastructure.html#case-sensitive" id="case-sensitive_3">case-sensitive</a>,
  each of which must have the value of an <a href="elements.html#concept-id" id="concept-id_9" title="concept-id">ID</a> of a <code><a href="#the-th-element" id="th_15">th</a></code> element taking
  part in the same <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/tabular-data.html#concept-table" title='Read about this "table" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>table</a> as the
  <code><a href="the-td-element.html#the-td-element" id="td_17">td</a></code> or <code><a href="#the-th-element" id="th_16">th</a></code> element.<p>A <code><a href="#the-th-element" id="th_17">th</a></code> element with <a href="elements.html#concept-id" id="concept-id_10" title="concept-id">ID</a> <var title="">id</var> is said
  to be <i>directly targeted</i> by all <code><a href="the-td-element.html#the-td-element" id="td_18">td</a></code> and
  <code><a href="#the-th-element" id="th_18">th</a></code> elements in the same <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/tabular-data.html#concept-table" title='Read about this "table" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>table</a> that have <code title="attr-tdth-headers"><a href="#attr-tdth-headers" id="headers_3">headers</a></code> attributes whose values
  include as one of their tokens the <a href="elements.html#concept-id" id="concept-id_11" title="concept-id">ID</a> <var title="">id</var>. A
  <code><a href="#the-th-element" id="th_19">th</a></code> element <var title="">A</var> is said to be
  <i>targeted</i> by a <code><a href="#the-th-element" id="th_20">th</a></code> or <code><a href="the-td-element.html#the-td-element" id="td_19">td</a></code> element
  <var title="">B</var> if either <var title="">A</var> is <i>directly
  targeted</i> by <var title="">B</var> or if there exists an element
  <var title="">C</var> that is itself <i>targeted</i> by the element
  <var title="">B</var> and <var title="">A</var> is <i>directly
  targeted</i> by <var title="">C</var>.<p>A <code><a href="#the-th-element" id="th_21">th</a></code> element must not be <i>targeted</i> by
  itself.<hr><p>The <code><a href="the-td-element.html#the-td-element" id="td_20">td</a></code> and <code><a href="#the-th-element" id="th_22">th</a></code> elements implement
  interfaces that inherit from the <code><a href="#htmltablecellelement" id="htmltablecellelement_2">HTMLTableCellElement</a></code>
  interface:<pre class="idl">interface <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="htmltablecellelement" role="button" tabindex="0">HTMLTableCellElement</dfn> : <a href="elements.html#htmlelement" id="htmlelement_89">HTMLElement</a> {
           attribute unsigned long <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/tabular-data.html#dom-tdth-colspan" title='Read about this "colSpan" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>colSpan</a>;
           attribute unsigned long <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/tabular-data.html#dom-tdth-rowspan" title='Read about this "rowSpan" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>rowSpan</a>;
  [PutForwards=<a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/common-dom-interfaces.html#dom-domsettabletokenlist-value" title='Read about this "value" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>value</a>] readonly attribute <a href="urls.html#domsettabletokenlist" id="domsettabletokenlist_4">DOMSettableTokenList</a> <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/tabular-data.html#dom-tdth-headers" title='Read about this "headers" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>headers</a>;
  readonly attribute long <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/tabular-data.html#dom-tdth-cellindex" title='Read about this "cellIndex" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>cellIndex</a>;
};</pre><dl class="domintro"><dt><var title="">cell</var> . <code title="dom-tdth-cellIndex"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/tabular-data.html#dom-tdth-cellindex" title='Read about this "cellIndex" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>cellIndex</a></code></dt>

   <dd>

    <p>Returns the position of the cell in the row's <code title="dom-tr-cells"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/tabular-data.html#dom-tr-cells" title='Read about this "cells" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>cells</a></code> list. This does not necessarily
    correspond to the <var title="">x</var>-position of the cell in
    the table, since earlier cells might cover multiple rows or
    columns.</p>

    <p>Returns 0 if the element isn't in a row.</p>

   </dd>

  </dl><h4 id="examples"><span class="secno">4.9.12 </span>Examples</h4><p>The following shows how might one mark up the bottom part of
  table 45 of the <cite>Smithsonian physical tables, Volume
  71</cite>:<pre>&lt;table&gt;
 &lt;caption&gt;Specification values: &lt;b&gt;Steel&lt;/b&gt;, &lt;b&gt;Castings&lt;/b&gt;,
 Ann. A.S.T.M. A27-16, Class B;* P max. 0.06; S max. 0.05.&lt;/caption&gt;
 &lt;thead&gt;
  &lt;tr&gt;
   &lt;th rowspan=2&gt;Grade.&lt;/th&gt;
   &lt;th rowspan=2&gt;Yield Point.&lt;/th&gt;
   &lt;th colspan=2&gt;Ultimate tensile strength&lt;/th&gt;
   &lt;th rowspan=2&gt;Per cent elong. 50.8mm or 2 in.&lt;/th&gt;
   &lt;th rowspan=2&gt;Per cent reduct. area.&lt;/th&gt;
  &lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr&gt;
   &lt;th&gt;kg/mm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/th&gt;
   &lt;th&gt;lb/in&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/th&gt;
  &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;/thead&gt;
 &lt;tbody&gt;
  &lt;tr&gt;
   &lt;td&gt;Hard&lt;/td&gt;
   &lt;td&gt;0.45 ultimate&lt;/td&gt;
   &lt;td&gt;56.2&lt;/td&gt;
   &lt;td&gt;80,000&lt;/td&gt;
   &lt;td&gt;15&lt;/td&gt;
   &lt;td&gt;20&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr&gt;
   &lt;td&gt;Medium&lt;/td&gt;
   &lt;td&gt;0.45 ultimate&lt;/td&gt;
   &lt;td&gt;49.2&lt;/td&gt;
   &lt;td&gt;70,000&lt;/td&gt;
   &lt;td&gt;18&lt;/td&gt;
   &lt;td&gt;25&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr&gt;
   &lt;td&gt;Soft&lt;/td&gt;
   &lt;td&gt;0.45 ultimate&lt;/td&gt;
   &lt;td&gt;42.2&lt;/td&gt;
   &lt;td&gt;60,000&lt;/td&gt;
   &lt;td&gt;22&lt;/td&gt;
   &lt;td&gt;30&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;/tbody&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</pre><p>This table could look like this:<table id="table-example-1"><caption>Specification values: <b>Steel</b>, <b>Castings</b>,
   Ann. A.S.T.M. A27-16, Class B;* P max. 0.06; S max. 0.05.</caption>
   <thead><tr><th rowspan="2">Grade.</th>
     <th rowspan="2">Yield Point.</th>
     <th colspan="2">Ultimate tensile strength</th>
     <th rowspan="2">Per cent elong. 50.8&nbsp;mm or&nbsp;2&nbsp;in.</th>
     <th rowspan="2">Per cent reduct. area.</th>
    <tr><th>kg/mm<sup>2</sup></th>
     <th>lb/in<sup>2</sup></th>
    <tbody><tr><td>Hard</td>
     <td>0.45 ultimate</td>
     <td>56.2</td>
     <td>80,000</td>
     <td>15</td>
     <td>20</td>
    <tr><td>Medium</td>
     <td>0.45 ultimate</td>
     <td>49.2</td>
     <td>70,000</td>
     <td>18</td>
     <td>25</td>
    <tr><td>Soft</td>
     <td>0.45 ultimate</td>
     <td>42.2</td>
     <td>60,000</td>
     <td>22</td>
     <td>30</td>
    </table><hr><p>The following shows how one might mark up the gross margin table
  on page 46 of Apple, Inc's 10-K filing for fiscal year 2008:<pre>&lt;table&gt;
 &lt;thead&gt;
  &lt;tr&gt;
   &lt;th&gt;
   &lt;th&gt;2008
   &lt;th&gt;2007
   &lt;th&gt;2006
 &lt;tbody&gt;
  &lt;tr&gt;
   &lt;th&gt;Net sales
   &lt;td&gt;$ 32,479
   &lt;td&gt;$ 24,006
   &lt;td&gt;$ 19,315
  &lt;tr&gt;
   &lt;th&gt;Cost of sales
   &lt;td&gt;  21,334
   &lt;td&gt;  15,852
   &lt;td&gt;  13,717
 &lt;tbody&gt;
  &lt;tr&gt;
   &lt;th&gt;Gross margin
   &lt;td&gt;$ 11,145
   &lt;td&gt;$  8,154
   &lt;td&gt;$  5,598
 &lt;tfoot&gt;
  &lt;tr&gt;
   &lt;th&gt;Gross margin percentage
   &lt;td&gt;34.3%
   &lt;td&gt;34.0%
   &lt;td&gt;29.0%
&lt;/table&gt;</pre><hr><p>The following shows how one might mark up the operating expenses
  table from lower on the same page of that document:<pre>&lt;table&gt;
 &lt;colgroup&gt; &lt;col&gt;
 &lt;colgroup&gt; &lt;col&gt; &lt;col&gt; &lt;col&gt;
 &lt;thead&gt;
  &lt;tr&gt; &lt;th&gt; &lt;th&gt;2008 &lt;th&gt;2007 &lt;th&gt;2006
 &lt;tbody&gt;
  &lt;tr&gt; &lt;th scope=rowgroup&gt; Research and development
       &lt;td&gt; $ 1,109 &lt;td&gt; $ 782 &lt;td&gt; $ 712
  &lt;tr&gt; &lt;th scope=row&gt; Percentage of net sales
       &lt;td&gt; 3.4% &lt;td&gt; 3.3% &lt;td&gt; 3.7%
 &lt;tbody&gt;
  &lt;tr&gt; &lt;th scope=rowgroup&gt; Selling, general, and administrative
       &lt;td&gt; $ 3,761 &lt;td&gt; $ 2,963 &lt;td&gt; $ 2,433
  &lt;tr&gt; &lt;th scope=row&gt; Percentage of net sales
       &lt;td&gt; 11.6% &lt;td&gt; 12.3% &lt;td&gt; 12.6%
&lt;/table&gt;</pre><p>This table could look like this:<table class="apple-table-examples e2"><thead><tr><th> <th>2008 <th>2007 <th>2006
   <tbody><tr><th scope="rowgroup"> Research and development
         <td> $ 1,109 <td> $ 782 <td> $ 712
    <tr><th scope="row"> Percentage of net sales
         <td> 3.4% <td> 3.3% <td> 3.7%
   <tbody><tr><th scope="rowgroup"> Selling, general, and administrative
         <td> $ 3,761 <td> $ 2,963 <td> $ 2,433
    <tr><th scope="row"> Percentage of net sales
         <td> 11.6% <td> 12.3% <td> 12.6%
  </table>
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   <h1>HTML5 <span class="edition">Edition for Web Authors</span> <span class="rcsrevision">revision 1.4918</span></h1>
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  <h4 id="the-body-element"><span class="secno">4.4.1 </span>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>body</code></dfn> element</h4><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
   <dd><a href="the-address-element.html#sectioning-root" id="sectioning-root_1">Sectioning root</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Contexts in which this element can be used:</dt>
   <dd>As the second element in an <code><a href="the-html-element.html#the-html-element" id="html_7">html</a></code> element.</dd>
   <dt>Content model:</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_13">Flow content</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
   <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes" id="global-attributes_9">Global attributes</a></dd>
   <dd><code title="handler-window-onafterprint"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/webappapis.html#handler-window-onafterprint" title='Read about this "onafterprint" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>onafterprint</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="handler-window-onbeforeprint"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/webappapis.html#handler-window-onbeforeprint" title='Read about this "onbeforeprint" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>onbeforeprint</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="handler-window-onbeforeunload"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/webappapis.html#handler-window-onbeforeunload" title='Read about this "onbeforeunload" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>onbeforeunload</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="handler-window-onblur"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/webappapis.html#handler-window-onblur" title='Read about this "onblur" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>onblur</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="handler-window-onerror"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/webappapis.html#handler-window-onerror" title='Read about this "onerror" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>onerror</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="handler-window-onfocus"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/webappapis.html#handler-window-onfocus" title='Read about this "onfocus" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>onfocus</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="handler-window-onhashchange"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/webappapis.html#handler-window-onhashchange" title='Read about this "onhashchange" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>onhashchange</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="handler-window-onload"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/webappapis.html#handler-window-onload" title='Read about this "onload" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>onload</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="handler-window-onmessage"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/webappapis.html#handler-window-onmessage" title='Read about this "onmessage" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>onmessage</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="handler-window-onoffline"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/webappapis.html#handler-window-onoffline" title='Read about this "onoffline" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>onoffline</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="handler-window-ononline"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/webappapis.html#handler-window-ononline" title='Read about this "ononline" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>ononline</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="handler-window-onpagehide"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/webappapis.html#handler-window-onpagehide" title='Read about this "onpagehide" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>onpagehide</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="handler-window-onpageshow"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/webappapis.html#handler-window-onpageshow" title='Read about this "onpageshow" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>onpageshow</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="handler-window-onpopstate"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/webappapis.html#handler-window-onpopstate" title='Read about this "onpopstate" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>onpopstate</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="handler-window-onredo"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/webappapis.html#handler-window-onredo" title='Read about this "onredo" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>onredo</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="handler-window-onresize"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/webappapis.html#handler-window-onresize" title='Read about this "onresize" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>onresize</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="handler-window-onscroll"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/webappapis.html#handler-window-onscroll" title='Read about this "onscroll" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>onscroll</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="handler-window-onstorage"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/webappapis.html#handler-window-onstorage" title='Read about this "onstorage" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>onstorage</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="handler-window-onundo"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/webappapis.html#handler-window-onundo" title='Read about this "onundo" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>onundo</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="handler-window-onunload"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/webappapis.html#handler-window-onunload" title='Read about this "onunload" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>onunload</a></code></dd>
   <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
   <dd>
<pre class="idl">interface <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="htmlbodyelement" role="button" tabindex="0">HTMLBodyElement</dfn> : <a href="elements.html#htmlelement" id="htmlelement_16">HTMLElement</a> {
           attribute <a href="webappapis.html#function" id="function_108">Function</a> <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/webappapis.html#handler-window-onafterprint" title='Read about this "onafterprint" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>onafterprint</a>;
           attribute <a href="webappapis.html#function" id="function_109">Function</a> <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/webappapis.html#handler-window-onbeforeprint" title='Read about this "onbeforeprint" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>onbeforeprint</a>;
           attribute <a href="webappapis.html#function" id="function_110">Function</a> <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/webappapis.html#handler-window-onbeforeunload" title='Read about this "onbeforeunload" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>onbeforeunload</a>;
           attribute <a href="webappapis.html#function" id="function_111">Function</a> <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/webappapis.html#handler-window-onblur" title='Read about this "onblur" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>onblur</a>;
           attribute <a href="webappapis.html#function" id="function_112">Function</a> <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/webappapis.html#handler-window-onerror" title='Read about this "onerror" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>onerror</a>;
           attribute <a href="webappapis.html#function" id="function_113">Function</a> <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/webappapis.html#handler-window-onfocus" title='Read about this "onfocus" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>onfocus</a>;
           attribute <a href="webappapis.html#function" id="function_114">Function</a> <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/webappapis.html#handler-window-onhashchange" title='Read about this "onhashchange" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>onhashchange</a>;
           attribute <a href="webappapis.html#function" id="function_115">Function</a> <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/webappapis.html#handler-window-onload" title='Read about this "onload" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>onload</a>;
           attribute <a href="webappapis.html#function" id="function_116">Function</a> <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/webappapis.html#handler-window-onmessage" title='Read about this "onmessage" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>onmessage</a>;
           attribute <a href="webappapis.html#function" id="function_117">Function</a> <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/webappapis.html#handler-window-onoffline" title='Read about this "onoffline" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>onoffline</a>;
           attribute <a href="webappapis.html#function" id="function_118">Function</a> <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/webappapis.html#handler-window-ononline" title='Read about this "ononline" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>ononline</a>;
           attribute <a href="webappapis.html#function" id="function_119">Function</a> <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/webappapis.html#handler-window-onpopstate" title='Read about this "onpopstate" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>onpopstate</a>;
           attribute <a href="webappapis.html#function" id="function_120">Function</a> <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/webappapis.html#handler-window-onpagehide" title='Read about this "onpagehide" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>onpagehide</a>;
           attribute <a href="webappapis.html#function" id="function_121">Function</a> <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/webappapis.html#handler-window-onpageshow" title='Read about this "onpageshow" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>onpageshow</a>;
           attribute <a href="webappapis.html#function" id="function_122">Function</a> <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/webappapis.html#handler-window-onredo" title='Read about this "onredo" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>onredo</a>;
           attribute <a href="webappapis.html#function" id="function_123">Function</a> <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/webappapis.html#handler-window-onresize" title='Read about this "onresize" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>onresize</a>;
           attribute <a href="webappapis.html#function" id="function_124">Function</a> <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/webappapis.html#handler-window-onscroll" title='Read about this "onscroll" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>onscroll</a>;
           attribute <a href="webappapis.html#function" id="function_125">Function</a> <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/webappapis.html#handler-window-onstorage" title='Read about this "onstorage" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>onstorage</a>;
           attribute <a href="webappapis.html#function" id="function_126">Function</a> <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/webappapis.html#handler-window-onundo" title='Read about this "onundo" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>onundo</a>;
           attribute <a href="webappapis.html#function" id="function_127">Function</a> <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/webappapis.html#handler-window-onunload" title='Read about this "onunload" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>onunload</a>;
};</pre>
</dd>
  </dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-body-element" id="body_8">body</a></code> element <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/rendering.html#represents" title='Read about this "represents" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>represents</a> the main
  content of the document.<p>In conforming documents, there is only one <code><a href="#the-body-element" id="body_9">body</a></code>
  element. The <code title="dom-document-body"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/dom.html#dom-document-body" title='Read about this "document.body" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>document.body</a></code>
  IDL attribute provides scripts with easy access to a document's
  <code><a href="#the-body-element" id="body_10">body</a></code> element.<p>The <code><a href="#the-body-element" id="body_11">body</a></code> element exposes as <a href="webappapis.html#event-handler-content-attributes" id="event-handler-content-attributes_2">event handler
  content attributes</a> a number of the <a href="webappapis.html#event-handlers" id="event-handlers_1">event
  handlers</a> of the <code><a href="browsers.html#window" id="window_1">Window</a></code> object. It also mirrors
  their <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/webappapis.html#event-handler-idl-attributes" title='Read about this "event handler IDL attributes" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>event handler IDL attributes</a>.<p>The <code title="handler-window-onblur"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/webappapis.html#handler-window-onblur" title='Read about this "onblur" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>onblur</a></code>, <code title="handler-window-onerror"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/webappapis.html#handler-window-onerror" title='Read about this "onerror" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>onerror</a></code>, <code title="handler-window-onfocus"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/webappapis.html#handler-window-onfocus" title='Read about this "onfocus" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>onfocus</a></code>, <code title="handler-window-onload"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/webappais.html#handler-window-onload" title='Read about this "onload" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>onload</a></code>, and <code title="handler-window-onscroll"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/webappapis.html#handler-window-onscroll" title='Read about this "onscroll" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>onscroll</a></code> <a href="webappapis.html#event-handlers" id="event-handlers_2">event
  handlers</a> of the <code><a href="browsers.html#window" id="window_2">Window</a></code> object, exposed on the
  <code><a href="#the-body-element" id="body_12">body</a></code> element, shadow the generic <a href="webappapis.html#event-handlers" id="event-handlers_3">event
  handlers</a> with the same names normally supported by <a href="infrastructure.html#html-elements" id="html-elements_31">HTML
  elements</a>.<p class="example">Thus, for example, a bubbling <code title="event-error">error</code> event fired on a child of <a href="dom.html#the-body-element-0" id="the-body-element_3">the
  body element</a> of a <code><a href="infrastructure.html#document" id="document_58">Document</a></code> would first trigger
  the <code title="handler-onerror"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/webappapis.html#handler-onerror" title='Read about this "onerror" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>onerror</a></code> <a href="webappapis.html#event-handler-content-attributes" id="event-handler-content-attributes_3">event handler
  content attributes</a> of that element, then that of the root
  <code><a href="the-html-element.html#the-html-element" id="html_8">html</a></code> element, and only <em>then</em> would it trigger
  the <code title="handler-window-onerror"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/webappapis.html#handler-window-onerror" title='Read about this "onerror" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>onerror</a></code> <a href="webappapis.html#event-handler-content-attributes" id="event-handler-content-attributes_4" title="event handler content attributes">event handler content
  attribute</a> on the <code><a href="#the-body-element" id="body_13">body</a></code> element. This is because
  the event would bubble from the target, to the <code><a href="#the-body-element" id="body_14">body</a></code>, to
  the <code><a href="the-html-element.html#the-html-element" id="html_9">html</a></code>, to the <code><a href="infrastructure.html#document" id="document_59">Document</a></code>, to the
  <code><a href="browsers.html#window" id="window_3">Window</a></code>, and the <a href="webappapis.html#event-handlers" id="event-handlers_4" title="event handlers">event
  handler</a> on the <code><a href="#the-body-element" id="body_15">body</a></code> is watching the
  <code><a href="browsers.html#window" id="window_4">Window</a></code> not the <code><a href="#the-body-element" id="body_16">body</a></code>. A regular event
  listener attached to the <code><a href="#the-body-element" id="body_17">body</a></code> using <code title="">addEventListener()</code>, however, would fire when the
  event bubbled through the <code><a href="#the-body-element" id="body_18">body</a></code> and not when it reaches
  the <code><a href="browsers.html#window" id="window_5">Window</a></code> object.<div class="example">

   <p>This page updates an indicator to show whether or not the user
   is online:</p>

   <pre>&lt;!DOCTYPE HTML&gt;
&lt;html&gt;
 &lt;head&gt;
  &lt;title&gt;Online or offline?&lt;/title&gt;
  &lt;script&gt;
   function update(online) {
     document.getElementById('status').textContent =
       online ? 'Online' : 'Offline';
   }
  &lt;/script&gt;
 &lt;/head&gt;
 &lt;body ononline="update(true)"
       onoffline="update(false)"
       onload="update(navigator.onLine)"&gt;
  &lt;p&gt;You are: &lt;span id="status"&gt;(Unknown)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/body&gt;
&lt;/html&gt;</pre>

  </div>
--- NEW FILE: the-address-element.html ---
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</script><link href="the-footer-element.html" rel="prev" title="4.4.9 The footer element">
  <link href="Overview.html#contents" rel="index" title="Table of contents">
  <link href="grouping-content.html" rel="next" title="4.5 Grouping content">
  <body class="split chapter" onload="fixBrokenLink(); init()"><div class="head" id="head">
   <p><a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img alt="W3C" height="48" src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" width="72"></a></p>

   <h1>HTML5 <span class="edition">Edition for Web Authors</span> <span class="rcsrevision">revision 1.4918</span></h1>
   </div><div>
   <a href="the-footer-element.html">&larr; 4.4.9 The footer element</a> &ndash;
   <a href="Overview.html#contents">Table of contents</a> &ndash;
   <a href="grouping-content.html">4.5 Grouping content &rarr;</a>
  <ol class="toc"><li><ol><li><ol><li><a href="the-address-element.html#the-address-element" id="x4.4.10-the-address-element"><span class="secno">4.4.10 </span>The <code>address</code> element</a><li><a href="the-address-element.html#headings-and-sections" id="x4.4.11-headings-and-sections"><span class="secno">4.4.11 </span>Headings and sections</a>
      <ol><li><a href="the-address-element.html#outlines"><span class="secno">4.4.11.1 </span>Creating an outline</a></ol></ol></ol></ol></div>

  <h4 id="the-address-element"><span class="secno">4.4.10 </span>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>address</code></dfn> element</h4><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_36">Flow content</a>.</dd>
   <dd><a href="dnd.html#formatblock-candidate" id="formatblock-candidate_8"><code title="">formatBlock</code> candidate</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Contexts in which this element can be used:</dt>
   <dd>Where <a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_37">flow content</a> is expected.</dd>
   <dt>Content model:</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_38">Flow content</a>, but with no <a href="content-models.html#heading-content" id="heading-content_5">heading
   content</a> descendants, no <a href="content-models.html#sectioning-content" id="sectioning-content_12">sectioning content</a>
   descendants, and no <code><a href="the-header-element.html#the-header-element" id="header_11">header</a></code>, <code><a href="the-footer-element.html#the-footer-element" id="footer_12">footer</a></code>, or
   <code><a href="#the-address-element" id="address_3">address</a></code> element descendants.</dd>
   <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
   <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes" id="global-attributes_18">Global attributes</a></dd>
   <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
   <dd>Uses <code><a href="elements.html#htmlelement" id="htmlelement_25">HTMLElement</a></code>.</dd>
  </dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-address-element" id="address_4">address</a></code> element <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/rendering.html#represents" title='Read about this "represents" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>represents</a> the
  contact information for its nearest <code><a href="the-article-element.html#the-article-element" id="article_13">article</a></code> or
  <code><a href="the-body-element.html#the-body-element" id="body_19">body</a></code> element ancestor. If that is <a href="dom.html#the-body-element-0" id="the-body-element_5">the body
  element</a>, then the contact information applies to the document
  as a whole.<div class="example">
   <p>For example, a page at the W3C Web site related to HTML might
   include the following contact information:</p>
   <pre>&lt;ADDRESS&gt;
 &lt;A href="../People/Raggett/"&gt;Dave Raggett&lt;/A&gt;,
 &lt;A href="../People/Arnaud/"&gt;Arnaud Le Hors&lt;/A&gt;,
 contact persons for the &lt;A href="Activity"&gt;W3C HTML Activity&lt;/A&gt;
&lt;/ADDRESS&gt;</pre>
  </div><p>The <code><a href="#the-address-element" id="address_5">address</a></code> element must not be used to represent
  arbitrary addresses (e.g. postal addresses), unless those addresses
  are in fact the relevant contact information. (The <code><a href="the-p-element.html#the-p-element" id="p_13">p</a></code>
  element is the appropriate element for marking up postal addresses
  in general.)<p>The <code><a href="#the-address-element" id="address_6">address</a></code> element must not contain information
  other than contact information.<div class="example">
   <p>For example, the following is non-conforming use of the
   <code><a href="#the-address-element" id="address_7">address</a></code> element:</p>
   <pre class="bad">&lt;ADDRESS&gt;Last Modified: 1999/12/24 23:37:50&lt;/ADDRESS&gt;</pre>
  </div><p>Typically, the <code><a href="#the-address-element" id="address_8">address</a></code> element would be included
  along with other information in a <code><a href="the-footer-element.html#the-footer-element" id="footer_13">footer</a></code> element.<div class="example">

   <p>In this example the footer contains contact information and a
   copyright notice.</p>

   <pre>&lt;footer&gt;
 &lt;address&gt;
  For more details, contact
  &lt;a href="mailto:js@example.com"&gt;John Smith&lt;/a&gt;.
 &lt;/address&gt;
 &lt;p&gt;&lt;small&gt;&copy; copyright 2038 Example Corp.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/footer&gt;</pre>

  </div><h4 id="headings-and-sections"><span class="secno">4.4.11 </span><dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0">Headings and sections</dfn></h4><p>The <code><a href="the-h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-and-h6-elements.html#the-h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-and-h6-elements" id="h1_14">h1</a></code>&ndash;<code><a href="the-h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-and-h6-elements.html#the-h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-and-h6-elements" id="h6_8">h6</a></code> elements and the
  <code><a href="the-hgroup-element.html#the-hgroup-element" id="hgroup_20">hgroup</a></code> element are headings.<p>The first element of <a href="content-models.html#heading-content" id="heading-content_6">heading content</a> in an element
  of <a href="content-models.html#sectioning-content" id="sectioning-content_13">sectioning content</a> <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/rendering.html#represents" title='Read about this "represents" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>represents</a> the
  heading for that section. Subsequent headings of equal or higher
  <a href="the-h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-and-h6-elements.html#rank" id="rank_3">rank</a> start new (implied) sections, headings of lower
  <a href="the-h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-and-h6-elements.html#rank" id="rank_4">rank</a> start implied subsections that are part of the
  previous one. In both cases, the element <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/rendering.html#represents" title='Read about this "represents" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>represents</a> the
  heading of the implied section.<p>Certain elements are said to be <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="sectioning-root" role="button" tabindex="0">sectioning roots</dfn>, including <code><a href="the-blockquote-element.html#the-blockquote-element" id="blockquote_0">blockquote</a></code> and
  <code><a href="the-td-element.html#the-td-element" id="td_4">td</a></code> elements. These elements can have their own
  outlines, but the sections and headings inside these elements do not
  contribute to the outlines of their ancestors.<ul class="brief category-list"><li><code><a href="the-blockquote-element.html#the-blockquote-element" id="blockquote_1">blockquote</a></code></li>
   <li><code><a href="the-body-element.html#the-body-element" id="body_20">body</a></code></li>
   <li><code><a href="the-details-element.html#the-details-element" id="details_4">details</a></code></li>
   <li><code><a href="the-fieldset-element.html#the-fieldset-element" id="fieldset_2">fieldset</a></code></li>
   <li><code><a href="the-figure-element.html#the-figure-element" id="figure_0">figure</a></code></li>
   <li><code><a href="the-td-element.html#the-td-element" id="td_5">td</a></code></li>
  </ul><p><a href="content-models.html#sectioning-content" id="sectioning-content_14">Sectioning content</a> elements are always considered
  subsections of their nearest ancestor <a href="#sectioning-root" id="sectioning-root_4">sectioning root</a>
  or their nearest ancestor element of <a href="content-models.html#sectioning-content" id="sectioning-content_15">sectioning
  content</a>, whichever is nearest, regardless of what implied
  sections other headings may have created.<div class="example">
   <p>For the following fragment:</p>
   <pre>&lt;body&gt;
 &lt;h1&gt;Foo&lt;/h1&gt;
 &lt;h2&gt;Bar&lt;/h2&gt;
 &lt;blockquote&gt;
  &lt;h3&gt;Bla&lt;/h3&gt;
 &lt;/blockquote&gt;
 &lt;p&gt;Baz&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;h2&gt;Quux&lt;/h2&gt;
 &lt;section&gt;
  &lt;h3&gt;Thud&lt;/h3&gt;
 &lt;/section&gt;
 &lt;p&gt;Grunt&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/body&gt;</pre>
   <p>...the structure would be:</p>
   <ol><li>
     Foo (heading of explicit <code><a href="the-body-element.html#the-body-element" id="body_21">body</a></code> section, containing the "Grunt" paragraph)
     <ol><li>
       Bar (heading starting implied section, containing a block quote and the "Baz" paragraph)
      </li>
      <li>
       Quux (heading starting implied section with no content other than the heading itself)
      </li>
      <li>
       Thud (heading of explicit <code><a href="the-section-element.html#the-section-element" id="section_8">section</a></code> section)
      </li>
     </ol></li>
   </ol><p>Notice how the <code><a href="the-section-element.html#the-section-element" id="section_9">section</a></code> ends the earlier implicit
   section so that a later paragraph ("Grunt") is back at the top
   level.</p>
  </div><p>Sections may contain headings of any <a href="the-h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-and-h6-elements.html#rank" id="rank_5">rank</a>, but
  authors are strongly encouraged to either use only <code><a href="the-h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-and-h6-elements.html#the-h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-and-h6-elements" id="h1_15">h1</a></code>
  elements, or to use elements of the appropriate <a href="the-h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-and-h6-elements.html#rank" id="rank_6">rank</a>
  for the section's nesting level.<p>Authors are also encouraged to explicitly wrap sections in
  elements of <a href="content-models.html#sectioning-content" id="sectioning-content_16">sectioning content</a>, instead of relying on
  the implicit sections generated by having multiple headings in one
  element of <a href="content-models.html#sectioning-content" id="sectioning-content_17">sectioning content</a>.<div class="example">
   <p>For example, the following is correct:</p>

   <pre>&lt;body&gt;
 &lt;h4&gt;Apples&lt;/h4&gt;
 &lt;p&gt;Apples are fruit.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;section&gt;
  &lt;h2&gt;Taste&lt;/h2&gt;
  &lt;p&gt;They taste lovely.&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;h6&gt;Sweet&lt;/h6&gt;
  &lt;p&gt;Red apples are sweeter than green ones.&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;h1&gt;Color&lt;/h1&gt;
  &lt;p&gt;Apples come in various colors.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/section&gt;
&lt;/body&gt;</pre>

   <p>However, the same document would be more clearly expressed
   as:</p>

   <pre>&lt;body&gt;
 &lt;h1&gt;Apples&lt;/h1&gt;
 &lt;p&gt;Apples are fruit.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;section&gt;
  &lt;h2&gt;Taste&lt;/h2&gt;
  &lt;p&gt;They taste lovely.&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;section&gt;
   &lt;h3&gt;Sweet&lt;/h3&gt;
   &lt;p&gt;Red apples are sweeter than green ones.&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;/section&gt;
 &lt;/section&gt;
 &lt;section&gt;
  &lt;h2&gt;Color&lt;/h2&gt;
  &lt;p&gt;Apples come in various colors.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/section&gt;
&lt;/body&gt;</pre>

   <p>Both of the documents above are semantically identical and would
   produce the same outline in compliant user agents.</p>

   <p>This third example is also semantically identical, and might be
   easier to maintain (e.g. if sections are often moved around in
   editing):</p>

   <pre>&lt;body&gt;
 &lt;h1&gt;Apples&lt;/h1&gt;
 &lt;p&gt;Apples are fruit.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;section&gt;
  &lt;h1&gt;Taste&lt;/h1&gt;
  &lt;p&gt;They taste lovely.&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;section&gt;
   &lt;h1&gt;Sweet&lt;/h1&gt;
   &lt;p&gt;Red apples are sweeter than green ones.&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;/section&gt;
 &lt;/section&gt;
 &lt;section&gt;
  &lt;h1&gt;Color&lt;/h1&gt;
  &lt;p&gt;Apples come in various colors.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/section&gt;
&lt;/body&gt;</pre>

  </div><h5 id="outlines"><span class="secno">4.4.11.1 </span>Creating an outline</h5><p>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="outline" role="button" tabindex="0">outline</dfn> for a <a href="content-models.html#sectioning-content" id="sectioning-content_18">sectioning content</a>
  element or a <a href="#sectioning-root" id="sectioning-root_5">sectioning root</a> element consists of a list
  of one or more potentially nested <a href="#concept-section" id="concept-section_0" title="concept-section">sections</a>. A <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="concept-section" role="button" tabindex="0">section</dfn> is a container that
  corresponds to some nodes in the original DOM tree. Each section can
  have one heading associated with it, and can contain any number of
  further nested sections.  (The sections in the
  outline aren't <code><a href="the-section-element.html#the-section-element" id="section_10">section</a></code> elements, though some may
  correspond to such elements &mdash; they are merely conceptual
  sections.)<div class="example">

   <p>The following markup fragment:</p>

   <pre>&lt;body&gt;
 &lt;h1&gt;A&lt;/h1&gt;
 &lt;p&gt;B&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;h2&gt;C&lt;/h2&gt;
 &lt;p&gt;D&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;h2&gt;E&lt;/h2&gt;
 &lt;p&gt;F&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/body&gt;</pre>

   <p>...results in the following outline being created for the
   <code><a href="the-body-element.html#the-body-element" id="body_22">body</a></code> node (and thus the entire document):</p>

   <ol class="brief"><li>
     <p>Section created for <code><a href="the-body-element.html#the-body-element" id="body_23">body</a></code> node.</p>
     <p>Associated with heading "A".</p>
     <p>Also associated with paragraph "B".</p>
     <p>Nested sections:</p>
     <ol class="brief"><li>
       <p>Section implied for first <code><a href="the-h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-and-h6-elements.html#the-h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-and-h6-elements" id="h2_6">h2</a></code> element.</p>
       <p>Associated with heading "C".</p>
       <p>Also associated with paragraph "D".</p>
       <p>No nested sections.</p>
      </li>
      <li>
       <p>Section implied for second <code><a href="the-h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-and-h6-elements.html#the-h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-and-h6-elements" id="h2_7">h2</a></code> element.</p>
       <p>Associated with heading "E".</p>
       <p>Also associated with paragraph "F".</p>
       <p>No nested sections.</p>
      </li>
     </ol></li>
   </ol></div>
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   <h1>HTML5 <span class="edition">Edition for Web Authors</span> <span class="rcsrevision">revision 1.4918</span></h1>
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   <a href="the-i-element.html">&larr; 4.6.16 The i element</a> &ndash;
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   <a href="the-u-element.html">4.6.18 The u element &rarr;</a>
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  <h4 id="the-b-element"><span class="secno">4.6.17 </span>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>b</code></dfn> element</h4><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_83">Flow content</a>.</dd>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_76">Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Contexts in which this element can be used:</dt>
   <dd>Where <a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_77">phrasing content</a> is expected.</dd>
   <dt>Content model:</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_78">Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
   <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes" id="global-attributes_48">Global attributes</a></dd>
   <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
   <dd>Uses <code><a href="elements.html#htmlelement" id="htmlelement_54">HTMLElement</a></code>.</dd>
  </dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-b-element" id="b_4">b</a></code> element <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/rendering.html#represents" title='Read about this "represents" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>represents</a> a span of text
  to which attention is being drawn for utilitarian purposes without
  conveying any extra importance and with no implication of an
  alternate voice or mood, such as key words in a document abstract,
  product names in a review, actionable words in interactive
  text-driven software, or an article lede.<div class="example">
   <p>The following example shows a use of the <code><a href="#the-b-element" id="b_5">b</a></code> element
   to highlight key words without marking them up as important:</p>
   <pre>&lt;p&gt;The &lt;b&gt;frobonitor&lt;/b&gt; and &lt;b&gt;barbinator&lt;/b&gt; components are fried.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
  </div><div class="example">
   <p>In the following example, objects in a text adventure are
   highlighted as being special by use of the <code><a href="#the-b-element" id="b_6">b</a></code>
   element.</p>
   <pre>&lt;p&gt;You enter a small room. Your &lt;b&gt;sword&lt;/b&gt; glows
brighter. A &lt;b&gt;rat&lt;/b&gt; scurries past the corner wall.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
  </div><div class="example">
   <p>Another case where the <code><a href="#the-b-element" id="b_7">b</a></code> element is appropriate is
   in marking up the lede (or lead) sentence or paragraph. The
   following example shows how a <a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/scotland/north_east/7101506.stm">BBC
   article about kittens adopting a rabbit as their own</a> could be
   marked up:</p>
   <pre>&lt;article&gt;
 &lt;h2&gt;Kittens 'adopted' by pet rabbit&lt;/h2&gt;
 &lt;p&gt;&lt;b class="lede"&gt;Six abandoned kittens have found an
 unexpected new mother figure &mdash; a pet rabbit.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p&gt;Veterinary nurse Melanie Humble took the three-week-old
 kittens to her Aberdeen home.&lt;/p&gt;
<i>[...]</i></pre>
  </div><p>As with the <code><a href="the-i-element.html#the-i-element" id="i_21">i</a></code> element, authors can use the <code title="attr-class"><a href="elements.html#classes" id="class_6">class</a></code> attribute on the <code><a href="#the-b-element" id="b_8">b</a></code>
  element to identify why the element is being used, so that if the
  style of a particular use is to be changed at a later date, the
  author doesn't have to go through annotating each use.<p>The <code><a href="#the-b-element" id="b_9">b</a></code> element should be used as a last resort when
  no other element is more appropriate. In particular, headings should
  use the <code><a href="the-h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-and-h6-elements.html#the-h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-and-h6-elements" id="h1_17">h1</a></code> to <code><a href="the-h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-and-h6-elements.html#the-h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-and-h6-elements" id="h6_9">h6</a></code> elements, stress emphasis
  should use the <code><a href="the-em-element.html#the-em-element" id="em_8">em</a></code> element, importance should be denoted
  with the <code><a href="the-strong-element.html#the-strong-element" id="strong_8">strong</a></code> element, and text marked or highlighted
  should use the <code><a href="the-mark-element.html#the-mark-element" id="mark_1">mark</a></code> element.<div class="example">
   <p>The following would be <em>incorrect</em> usage:</p>
   <pre class="bad">&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;WARNING!&lt;/b&gt; Do not frob the barbinator!&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
   <p>In the previous example, the correct element to use would have
   been <code><a href="the-strong-element.html#the-strong-element" id="strong_9">strong</a></code>, not <code><a href="#the-b-element" id="b_10">b</a></code>.</p>
  </div><p class="note">Style sheets can be used to format <code><a href="#the-b-element" id="b_11">b</a></code>
  elements, just like any other element can be restyled. Thus, it is
  not the case that content in <code><a href="#the-b-element" id="b_12">b</a></code> elements will
  necessarily be boldened.
--- NEW FILE: the-nav-element.html ---
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   dd table + p { margin-top: 1em; }
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   pre strong { color: black; font: inherit; font-weight: bold; background: yellow; }
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   table tbody th:first-child { border-left: solid; }
   table tbody th { text-align: left; }
   table td, table th { border-left: solid; border-right: solid; border-bottom: solid thin; vertical-align: top; padding: 0.2em; }
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   .bad, .bad *:not(.XXX) { color: gray; border-color: gray; background: transparent; }
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   .dice-example { border-collapse: collapse; border-style: hidden solid solid hidden; border-width: thin; margin-left: 3em; }
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   .toc dfn, h1 dfn, h2 dfn, h3 dfn, h4 dfn, h5 dfn, h6 dfn { font: inherit; }
   img.extra { float: right; }
   pre.idl { border: solid thin; background: #EEEEEE; color: black; padding: 0.5em 1em; }
   pre.idl :link, pre.idl :visited { color: inherit; background: transparent; }
   pre.css { border: solid thin; background: #FFFFEE; color: black; padding: 0.5em 1em; }
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   dl.domintro dd p { margin: 0.5em 0; }
   dl.switch { padding-left: 2em; }
   dl.switch > dt { text-indent: -1.5em; }
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   dl.triple { padding: 0 0 0 1em; }
   dl.triple dt, dl.triple dd { margin: 0; display: inline }
   dl.triple dt:after { content: ':'; }
   dl.triple dd:after { content: '\A'; white-space: pre; }
   .diff-old { text-decoration: line-through; color: silver; background: transparent; }
   .diff-chg, .diff-new { text-decoration: underline; color: green; background: transparent; }
   a .diff-new { border-bottom: 1px blue solid; }

   h2 { page-break-before: always; }
   h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 { page-break-after: avoid; }
   h1 + h2, hr + h2.no-toc { page-break-before: auto; }

   p  > span:not([title=""]):not([class="XXX"]):not([class="impl"]):not([class="note"]),
   li > span:not([title=""]):not([class="XXX"]):not([class="impl"]):not([class="note"]), { border-bottom: solid #9999CC; }

   div.head { margin: 0 0 1em; padding: 1em 0 0 0; }
   div.head p { margin: 0; }
   div.head h1 { margin: 0; }
   div.head .logo { float: right; margin: 0 1em; }
   div.head .logo img { border: none } /* remove border from top image */
   div.head dl { margin: 1em 0; }
   div.head p.copyright, div.head p.alt { font-size: x-small; font-style: oblique; margin: 0; }

   body > .toc > li { margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; }
   body > .toc.brief > li { margin-top: 0.35em; margin-bottom: 0.35em; }
   body > .toc > li > * { margin-bottom: 0.5em; }
   body > .toc > li > * > li > * { margin-bottom: 0.25em; }
   .toc, .toc li { list-style: none; }

   .brief { margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; line-height: 1.1; }
   .brief li { margin: 0; padding: 0; }
   .brief li p { margin: 0; padding: 0; }

   .category-list { margin-top: -0.75em; margin-bottom: 1em; line-height: 1.5; }
   .category-list::before { content: '\21D2\A0'; font-size: 1.2em; font-weight: 900; }
   .category-list li { display: inline; }
   .category-list li:not(:last-child)::after { content: ', '; }
   .category-list li > span, .category-list li > a { text-transform: lowercase; }
   .category-list li * { text-transform: none; } /* don't affect <code> nested in <a> */

   .XXX { color: #E50000; background: white; border: solid red; padding: 0.5em; margin: 1em 0; }
   .XXX > :first-child { margin-top: 0; }
   p .XXX { line-height: 3em; }
   .annotation { border: solid thin black; background: #0C479D; color: white; position: relative; margin: 8px 0 20px 0; }
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   .annotation :link:hover, .annotation :visited:hover { background: transparent; }
   .annotation span { border: none ! important; }
   .note { color: green; background: transparent; font-family: sans-serif; }
   .warning { color: red; background: transparent; }
   .note, .warning { font-weight: bolder; font-style: italic; }
   p.note, div.note { padding: 0.5em 2em; }
   span.note { padding: 0 2em; }
   .note p:first-child, .warning p:first-child { margin-top: 0; }
   .note p:last-child, .warning p:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }
   .warning:before { font-style: normal; }
   p.note:before { content: 'Note: '; }
   p.warning:before { content: '\26A0 Warning! '; }

   .bookkeeping:before { display: block; content: 'Bookkeeping details'; font-weight: bolder; font-style: italic; }
   .bookkeeping { font-size: 0.8em; margin: 2em 0; }
   .bookkeeping p { margin: 0.5em 2em; display: list-item; list-style: square; }
   .bookkeeping dt { margin: 0.5em 2em 0; }
   .bookkeeping dd { margin: 0 3em 0.5em; }

   h4 { position: relative; z-index: 3; }
   h4 + .element, h4 + div + .element { margin-top: -2.5em; padding-top: 2em; }
   .element {
     background: #EEEEFF;
     color: black;
     margin: 0 0 1em 0.15em;
     padding: 0 1em 0.25em 0.75em;
     border-left: solid #9999FF 0.25em;
     position: relative;
     z-index: 1;
   }
   .element:before {
     position: absolute;
     z-index: 2;
     top: 0;
     left: -1.15em;
     height: 2em;
     width: 0.9em;
     background: #EEEEFF;
     content: ' ';
     border-style: none none solid solid;
     border-color: #9999FF;
     border-width: 0.25em;
   }

   .example { display: block; color: #222222; background: #FCFCFC; border-left: double; margin-left: 2em; padding-left: 1em; }
   td > .example:only-child { margin: 0 0 0 0.1em; }

   ul.domTree, ul.domTree ul { padding: 0 0 0 1em; margin: 0; }
   ul.domTree li { padding: 0; margin: 0; list-style: none; position: relative; }
   ul.domTree li li { list-style: none; }
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   ul.domTree span { font-style: italic; font-family: serif; }
   ul.domTree .t1 code { color: purple; font-weight: bold; }
   ul.domTree .t2 { font-style: normal; font-family: monospace; }
   ul.domTree .t2 .name { color: black; font-weight: bold; }
   ul.domTree .t2 .value { color: blue; font-weight: normal; }
   ul.domTree .t3 code, .domTree .t4 code, .domTree .t5 code { color: gray; }
   ul.domTree .t7 code, .domTree .t8 code { color: green; }
   ul.domTree .t10 code { color: teal; }

   body.dfnEnabled dfn { cursor: pointer; }
   .dfnPanel {
     display: inline;
     position: absolute;
     z-index: 10;
     height: auto;
     width: auto;
     padding: 0.5em 0.75em;
     font: small sans-serif, Droid Sans Fallback;
     background: #DDDDDD;
     color: black;
     border: outset 0.2em;
   }
   .dfnPanel * { margin: 0; padding: 0; font: inherit; text-indent: 0; }
   .dfnPanel :link, .dfnPanel :visited { color: black; }
   .dfnPanel p { font-weight: bolder; }
   .dfnPanel * + p { margin-top: 0.25em; }
   .dfnPanel li { list-style-position: inside; }

   #configUI { position: absolute; z-index: 20; top: 10em; right: 1em; width: 11em; font-size: small; }
   #configUI p { margin: 0.5em 0; padding: 0.3em; background: #EEEEEE; color: black; border: inset thin; }
   #configUI p label { display: block; }
   #configUI #updateUI, #configUI .loginUI { text-align: center; }
   #configUI input[type=button] { display: block; margin: auto; }

   fieldset { margin: 1em; padding: 0.5em 1em; }
   fieldset > legend + * { margin-top: 0; }
   fieldset > :last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }
   fieldset p { margin: 0.5em 0; }

  </style><link href="http://www.w3.org/StyleSheets/TR/W3C-ED" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><link href="style.css" rel="stylesheet"><script src="link-fixup.js" type="text/javascript"></script><style type="text/css">

   .applies thead th > * { display: block; }
   .applies thead code { display: block; }
   .applies tbody th { whitespace: nowrap; }
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   .applies .yes { background: yellow; }

   .matrix, .matrix td { border: hidden; text-align: right; }
   .matrix { margin-left: 2em; }

   .dice-example { border-collapse: collapse; border-style: hidden solid solid hidden; border-width: thin; margin-left: 3em; }
   .dice-example caption { width: 30em; font-size: smaller; font-style: italic; padding: 0.75em 0; text-align: left; }
   .dice-example td, .dice-example th { border: solid thin; width: 1.35em; height: 1.05em; text-align: center; padding: 0; }

   td.eg { border-width: thin; text-align: center; }

   #table-example-1 { border: solid thin; border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 3em; }
   #table-example-1 * { font-family: "Essays1743", serif; line-height: 1.01em; }
   #table-example-1 caption { padding-bottom: 0.5em; }
   #table-example-1 thead, #table-example-1 tbody { border: none; }
   #table-example-1 th, #table-example-1 td { border: solid thin; }
   #table-example-1 th { font-weight: normal; }
   #table-example-1 td { border-style: none solid; vertical-align: top; }
   #table-example-1 th { padding: 0.5em; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; }
   #table-example-1 tbody tr:first-child td { padding-top: 0.5em; }
   #table-example-1 tbody tr:last-child td { padding-bottom: 1.5em; }
   #table-example-1 tbody td:first-child { padding-left: 2.5em; padding-right: 0; width: 9em; }
   #table-example-1 tbody td:first-child::after { content: leader(". "); }
   #table-example-1 tbody td { padding-left: 2em; padding-right: 2em; }
   #table-example-1 tbody td:first-child + td { width: 10em; }
   #table-example-1 tbody td:first-child + td ~ td { width: 2.5em; }
   #table-example-1 tbody td:first-child + td + td + td ~ td { width: 1.25em; }

   .apple-table-examples { border: none; border-collapse: separate; border-spacing: 1.5em 0em; width: 40em; margin-left: 3em; }
   .apple-table-examples * { font-family: "Times", serif; }
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   .apple-table-examples thead th:first-child ~ th { font-size: smaller; font-weight: bolder; border-bottom: solid 2px; text-align: center; }
   .apple-table-examples tbody th::after, .apple-table-examples tfoot th::after { content: leader(". ") }
   .apple-table-examples tbody th, .apple-table-examples tfoot th { font: inherit; text-align: left; }
   .apple-table-examples td { text-align: right; vertical-align: top; }
   .apple-table-examples.e1 tbody tr:last-child td { border-bottom: solid 1px; }
   .apple-table-examples.e1 tbody + tbody tr:last-child td { border-bottom: double 3px; }
   .apple-table-examples.e2 th[scope=row] { padding-left: 1em; }
   .apple-table-examples sup { line-height: 0; }

   .details-example img { vertical-align: top; }

   #base64-table {
     white-space: nowrap;
     font-size: 0.6em;
     column-width: 6em;
     column-count: 5;
     column-gap: 1em;
     -moz-column-width: 6em;
     -moz-column-count: 5;
     -moz-column-gap: 1em;
     -webkit-column-width: 6em;
     -webkit-column-count: 5;
     -webkit-column-gap: 1em;
   }
   #base64-table thead { display: none; }
   #base64-table * { border: none; }
   #base64-table tbody td:first-child:after { content: ':'; }
   #base64-table tbody td:last-child { text-align: right; }

   #named-character-references-table {
     white-space: nowrap;
     font-size: 0.6em;
     column-width: 30em;
     column-gap: 1em;
     -moz-column-width: 30em;
     -moz-column-gap: 1em;
     -webkit-column-width: 30em;
     -webkit-column-gap: 1em;
   }
   #named-character-references-table > table > tbody > tr > td:first-child + td,
   #named-character-references-table > table > tbody > tr > td:last-child { text-align: center; }
   #named-character-references-table > table > tbody > tr > td:last-child:hover > span { position: absolute; top: auto; left: auto; margin-left: 0.5em; line-height: 1.2; font-size: 5em; border: outset; padding: 0.25em 0.5em; background: white; width: 1.25em; height: auto; text-align: center; }
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   .glyph.control { color: red; }

   @font-face {
     font-family: 'Essays1743';
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   @font-face {
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     font-weight: bold;
     src: url('http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/fonts/Essays1743-Bold.ttf');
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   @font-face {
     font-family: 'Essays1743';
     font-style: italic;
     src: url('http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/fonts/Essays1743-Italic.ttf');
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   @font-face {
     font-family: 'Essays1743';
     font-style: italic;
     font-weight: bold;
     src: url('http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/fonts/Essays1743-BoldItalic.ttf');
   }

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  <link href="Overview.html#contents" rel="index" title="Table of contents">
  <link href="the-article-element.html" rel="next" title="4.4.4 The article element">
  <body class="split chapter" onload="fixBrokenLink(); init()"><div class="head" id="head">
   <p><a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img alt="W3C" height="48" src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" width="72"></a></p>

   <h1>HTML5 <span class="edition">Edition for Web Authors</span> <span class="rcsrevision">revision 1.4918</span></h1>
   </div><div>
   <a href="the-section-element.html">&larr; 4.4.2 The section element</a> &ndash;
   <a href="Overview.html#contents">Table of contents</a> &ndash;
   <a href="the-article-element.html">4.4.4 The article element &rarr;</a>
  </div>

  <h4 id="the-nav-element"><span class="secno">4.4.3 </span>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>nav</code></dfn> element</h4><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_17">Flow content</a>.</dd>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#sectioning-content" id="sectioning-content_5">Sectioning content</a>.</dd>
   <dd><a href="dnd.html#formatblock-candidate" id="formatblock-candidate_1"><code title="">formatBlock</code> candidate</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Contexts in which this element can be used:</dt>
   <dd>Where <a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_18">flow content</a> is expected.</dd>
   <dt>Content model:</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_19">Flow content</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
   <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes" id="global-attributes_11">Global attributes</a></dd>
   <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
   <dd>Uses <code><a href="elements.html#htmlelement" id="htmlelement_18">HTMLElement</a></code>.</dd>
  </dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-nav-element" id="nav_2">nav</a></code> element <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/rendering.html#represents" title='Read about this "represents" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>represents</a> a section of
  a page that links to other pages or to parts within the page: a
  section with navigation links.<p class="note">Not all groups of links on a page need to be in a
  <code><a href="#the-nav-element" id="nav_3">nav</a></code> element &mdash; the element is primarily intended
  for sections that consist of major navigation blocks. In particular,
  it is common for footers to have a short list of links to various
  pages of a site, such as the terms of service, the home page, and a
  copyright page. The <code><a href="the-footer-element.html#the-footer-element" id="footer_2">footer</a></code> element alone is sufficient
  for such cases; while a <code><a href="#the-nav-element" id="nav_4">nav</a></code> element can be used in such
  cases, it is usually unnecessary.<p class="note">User agents (such as screen readers) that are
  targeted at users who can benefit from navigation information being
  omitted in the initial rendering, or who can benefit from navigation
  information being immediately available, can use this element as a
  way to determine what content on the page to initially skip and/or
  provide on request.<div class="example">

   <p>In the following example, the page has several places where
   links are present, but only one of those places is considered a
   navigation section.</p>

   <pre>&lt;body&gt;
 &lt;header&gt;
  &lt;h1&gt;Wake up sheeple!&lt;/h1&gt;
  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="news.html"&gt;News&lt;/a&gt; -
     &lt;a href="blog.html"&gt;Blog&lt;/a&gt; -
     &lt;a href="forums.html"&gt;Forums&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;p&gt;Last Modified: &lt;time&gt;2009-04-01&lt;/time&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;nav&gt;
   &lt;h1&gt;Navigation&lt;/h1&gt;
   &lt;ul&gt;
    &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="articles.html"&gt;Index of all articles&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
    &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="today.html"&gt;Things sheeple need to wake up for today&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
    &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="successes.html"&gt;Sheeple we have managed to wake&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
   &lt;/ul&gt;
  &lt;/nav&gt;
 &lt;/header&gt;
 &lt;div&gt;
  &lt;article&gt;
   &lt;header&gt;
    &lt;h1&gt;My Day at the Beach&lt;/h1&gt;
   &lt;/header&gt;
   &lt;div&gt;
    &lt;p&gt;Today I went to the beach and had a lot of fun.&lt;/p&gt;
    <em>...more content...</em>
   &lt;/div&gt;
   &lt;footer&gt;
    &lt;p&gt;Posted &lt;time pubdate="" datetime="2009-10-10T14:36-08:00"&gt;Thursday&lt;/time&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
   &lt;/footer&gt;
  &lt;/article&gt;
  <em>...more blog posts...</em>
 &lt;/div&gt;
 &lt;footer&gt;
  &lt;p&gt;Copyright &copy; 2006 The Example Company&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="about.html"&gt;About&lt;/a&gt; -
     &lt;a href="policy.html"&gt;Privacy Policy&lt;/a&gt; -
     &lt;a href="contact.html"&gt;Contact Us&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/footer&gt;
&lt;/body&gt;</pre>

   <p>Notice the <code><a href="the-div-element.html#the-div-element" id="div_7">div</a></code> elements being used to wrap all the
   contents of the page other than the header and footer, and all the
   contents of the blog entry other than its header and footer.</p>

  </div><div class="example">

   <p>In the following example, there are two <code><a href="#the-nav-element" id="nav_5">nav</a></code>
   elements, one for primary navigation around the site, and one for
   secondary navigation around the page itself.</p>

   <pre>&lt;body&gt;
 &lt;h1&gt;The Wiki Center Of Exampland&lt;/h1&gt;
 &lt;nav&gt;
  &lt;ul&gt;
   &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="/"&gt;Home&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
   &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="/events"&gt;Current Events&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
   <em>...more...</em>
  &lt;/ul&gt;
 &lt;/nav&gt;
 &lt;article&gt;
  &lt;header&gt;
   &lt;h1&gt;Demos in Exampland&lt;/h1&gt;
   &lt;p&gt;Written by A. N. Other.&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;/header&gt;
  &lt;nav&gt;
   &lt;ul&gt;
    &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="#public"&gt;Public demonstrations&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
    &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="#destroy"&gt;Demolitions&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
    <em>...more...</em>
   &lt;/ul&gt;
  &lt;/nav&gt;
  &lt;div&gt;
   &lt;section id="public"&gt;
    &lt;h1&gt;Public demonstrations&lt;/h1&gt;
    &lt;p&gt;<em>...more...</em>&lt;/p&gt;
   &lt;/section&gt;
   &lt;section id="destroy"&gt;
    &lt;h1&gt;Demolitions&lt;/h1&gt;
    &lt;p&gt;<em>...more...</em>&lt;/p&gt;
   &lt;/section&gt;
   <em>...more...</em>
  &lt;/div&gt;
  &lt;footer&gt;
   &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="?edit"&gt;Edit&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href="?delete"&gt;Delete&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href="?Rename"&gt;Rename&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;/footer&gt;
 &lt;/article&gt;
 &lt;footer&gt;
  &lt;p&gt;&lt;small&gt;&copy; copyright 1998 Exampland Emperor&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/footer&gt;
&lt;/body&gt;</pre>

  </div><div class="example">

   <p>A <code><a href="#the-nav-element" id="nav_6">nav</a></code> element doesn't have to contain a list, it
   can contain other kinds of content as well. In this navigation
   block, links are provided in prose:</p>

   <pre>&lt;nav&gt;
 &lt;h1&gt;Navigation&lt;/h1&gt;
 &lt;p&gt;You are on my home page. To the north lies &lt;a href="/blog"&gt;my
 blog&lt;/a&gt;, from whence the sounds of battle can be heard. To the east
 you can see a large mountain, upon which many &lt;a
 href="/school"&gt;school papers&lt;/a&gt; are littered. Far up thus mountain
 you can spy a little figure who appears to be me, desperately
 scribbling a &lt;a href="/school/thesis"&gt;thesis&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p&gt;To the west are several exits. One fun-looking exit is labeled &lt;a
 href="http://games.example.com/"&gt;"games"&lt;/a&gt;. Another more
 boring-looking exit is labeled &lt;a
 href="http://isp.example.net/"&gt;ISP&trade;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p&gt;To the south lies a dark and dank &lt;a href="/about"&gt;contacts
 page&lt;/a&gt;. Cobwebs cover its disused entrance, and at one point you
 see a rat run quickly out of the page.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/nav&gt;</pre>

  </div>
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   <h1>HTML5 <span class="edition">Edition for Web Authors</span> <span class="rcsrevision">revision 1.4918</span></h1>
   </div><div>
   <a href="the-progress-element.html">&larr; 4.10.16 The progress element</a> &ndash;
   <a href="Overview.html#contents">Table of contents</a> &ndash;
   <a href="association-of-controls-and-forms.html">4.10.18 Association of controls and forms &rarr;</a>
  </div>

  <h4 id="the-meter-element"><span class="secno">4.10.17 </span>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>meter</code></dfn> element</h4><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_132">Flow content</a>.</dd>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_156">Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
   <dd><a href="forms.html#category-label" id="category-label_9" title="category-label">Labelable</a> <a href="forms.html#form-associated-element" id="form-associated-element_15">form-associated element</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Contexts in which this element can be used:</dt>
   <dd>Where <a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_157">phrasing content</a> is expected.</dd>
   <dt>Content model:</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_158">Phrasing content</a>, but there must be no <code><a href="#the-meter-element" id="meter_9">meter</a></code> element descendants.</dd>
   <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
   <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes" id="global-attributes_98">Global attributes</a></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-meter-value"><a href="#attr-meter-value" id="value_44">value</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-meter-min"><a href="#attr-meter-min" id="min_38">min</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-meter-max"><a href="#attr-meter-max" id="max_43">max</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-meter-low"><a href="#attr-meter-low" id="low">low</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-meter-high"><a href="#attr-meter-high" id="high">high</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-meter-optimum"><a href="#attr-meter-optimum" id="optimum">optimum</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-fae-form"><a href="association-of-controls-and-forms.html#attr-fae-form" id="form_60">form</a></code></dd>
   <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
   <dd>
<pre class="idl">interface <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="htmlmeterelement" role="button" tabindex="0">HTMLMeterElement</dfn> : <a href="elements.html#htmlelement" id="htmlelement_109">HTMLElement</a> {
           attribute double <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-button-element.html#dom-meter-value" title='Read about this "value" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>value</a>;
           attribute double <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-button-element.html#dom-meter-min" title='Read about this "min" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>min</a>;
           attribute double <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-button-element.html#dom-meter-max" title='Read about this "max" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>max</a>;
           attribute double <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-button-element.html#dom-meter-low" title='Read about this "low" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>low</a>;
           attribute double <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-button-element.html#dom-meter-high" title='Read about this "high" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>high</a>;
           attribute double <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-button-element.html#dom-meter-optimum" title='Read about this "optimum" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>optimum</a>;
  readonly attribute <a href="the-form-element.html#htmlformelement" id="htmlformelement_12">HTMLFormElement</a> <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/association-of-controls-and-forms.html#dom-fae-form" title='Read about this "form" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>form</a>;
  readonly attribute <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/infrastructure.html#nodelist" title='Read about this "NodeList" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>NodeList</a> <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/forms.html#dom-lfe-labels" title='Read about this "labels" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>labels</a>;
};</pre>
   </dd>
  </dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-meter-element" id="meter_10">meter</a></code> element <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/rendering.html#represents" title='Read about this "represents" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>represents</a> a scalar
  measurement within a known range, or a fractional value; for example
  disk usage, the relevance of a query result, or the fraction of a
  voting population to have selected a particular candidate.<p>This is also known as a gauge.<p class="note">The <code><a href="#the-meter-element" id="meter_11">meter</a></code> element should not be used to
  indicate progress (as in a progress bar). For that role, HTML
  provides a separate <code><a href="the-progress-element.html#the-progress-element" id="progress_12">progress</a></code> element.<p class="note">The <code><a href="#the-meter-element" id="meter_12">meter</a></code> element also does not
  represent a scalar value of arbitrary range &mdash; for example, it
  would be wrong to use this to report a weight, or height, unless
  there is a known maximum value.<p>There are six attributes that determine the semantics of the
  gauge represented by the element.<p>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-meter-min" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>min</code></dfn> attribute
  specifies the lower bound of the range, and the <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-meter-max" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>max</code></dfn> attribute specifies
  the upper bound. The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-meter-value" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>value</code></dfn> attribute
  specifies the value to have the gauge indicate as the "measured"
  value.<p>The other three attributes can be used to segment the gauge's
  range into "low", "medium", and "high" parts, and to indicate which
  part of the gauge is the "optimum" part. The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-meter-low" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>low</code></dfn> attribute specifies
  the range that is considered to be the "low" part, and the <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-meter-high" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>high</code></dfn> attribute specifies
  the range that is considered to be the "high" part. The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-meter-optimum" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>optimum</code></dfn> attribute
  gives the position that is "optimum"; if that is higher than the
  "high" value  then this indicates that the higher the value, the
  better; if it's lower than the "low" mark then it indicates that
  lower values are better, and naturally if it is in between then it
  indicates that neither high nor low values are good.<p> The <code title="attr-meter-value"><a href="#attr-meter-value" id="value_45">value</a></code> attribute must be
  specified. The <code title="attr-meter-value"><a href="#attr-meter-value" id="value_46">value</a></code>, <code title="attr-meter-min"><a href="#attr-meter-min" id="min_39">min</a></code>, <code title="attr-meter-low"><a href="#attr-meter-low" id="low_0">low</a></code>, <code title="attr-meter-high"><a href="#attr-meter-high" id="high_0">high</a></code>, <code title="attr-meter-max"><a href="#attr-meter-max" id="max_44">max</a></code>, and <code title="attr-meter-optimum"><a href="#attr-meter-optimum" id="optimum_0">optimum</a></code> attributes, when present,
  must have values that are <a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#valid-floating-point-number" id="valid-floating-point-number_10" title="valid floating point
  number">valid floating point numbers</a>.<p>In addition, the attributes' values are further constrained:<p>Let <var title="">value</var> be the <code title="attr-meter-value"><a href="#attr-meter-value" id="value_47">value</a></code> attribute's number.<p>If the <code title="attr-meter-min"><a href="#attr-meter-min" id="min_40">min</a></code> attribute
  attribute is specified, then let <var title="">minimum</var> be that
  attribute's value; otherwise, let it be zero.<p>If the <code title="attr-meter-max"><a href="#attr-meter-max" id="max_45">max</a></code> attribute
  attribute is specified, then let <var title="">maximum</var> be that
  attribute's value; otherwise, let it be 1.0.<p>The following inequalities must hold, as applicable:<ul class="brief"><li><var title="">minimum</var> &le; <var title="">value</var> &le; <var title="">maximum</var></li>
   <li><var title="">minimum</var> &le; <code title="attr-meter-low"><a href="#attr-meter-low" id="low_1">low</a></code> &le; <var title="">maximum</var> (if <code title="attr-meter-low"><a href="#attr-meter-low" id="low_2">low</a></code> is specified)</li>
   <li><var title="">minimum</var> &le; <code title="attr-meter-high"><a href="#attr-meter-high" id="high_1">high</a></code> &le; <var title="">maximum</var> (if <code title="attr-meter-high"><a href="#attr-meter-high" id="high_2">high</a></code> is specified)</li>
   <li><var title="">minimum</var> &le; <code title="attr-meter-optimum"><a href="#attr-meter-optimum" id="optimum_1">optimum</a></code> &le; <var title="">maximum</var> (if <code title="attr-meter-optimum"><a href="#attr-meter-optimum" id="optimum_2">optimum</a></code> is specified)</li>
   <li><code title="attr-meter-low"><a href="#attr-meter-low" id="low_3">low</a></code> &le; <code title="attr-meter-high"><a href="#attr-meter-high" id="high_3">high</a></code> (if both <code title="attr-meter-low"><a href="#attr-meter-low" id="low_4">low</a></code> and <code title="attr-meter-high"><a href="#attr-meter-high" id="high_4">high</a></code> are specified)</li>
  </ul><p class="note">If no minimum or maximum is specified, then the
  range is assumed to be 0..1, and the value thus has to be within
  that range.<p>Authors are encouraged to include a textual representation of the
  gauge's state in the element's contents, for users of user agents
  that do not support the <code><a href="#the-meter-element" id="meter_13">meter</a></code> element.<div class="example">

   <p>The following examples show three gauges that would all be
   three-quarters full:</p>

   <pre>Storage space usage: &lt;meter value=6 max=8&gt;6 blocks used (out of 8 total)&lt;/meter&gt;
Voter turnout: &lt;meter value=0.75&gt;&lt;img alt="75%" src="graph75.png"&gt;&lt;/meter&gt;
Tickets sold: &lt;meter min="0" max="100" value="75"&gt;&lt;/meter&gt;</pre>

   <p>The following example is incorrect use of the element, because
   it doesn't give a range (and since the default maximum is 1, both
   of the gauges would end up looking maxed out):</p>

   <pre class="bad">&lt;p&gt;The grapefruit pie had a radius of &lt;meter value=12&gt;12cm&lt;/meter&gt;
and a height of &lt;meter value=2&gt;2cm&lt;/meter&gt;.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;!-- <strong>BAD!</strong> --&gt;</pre>

   <p>Instead, one would either not include the meter element, or use
   the meter element with a defined range to give the dimensions in
   context compared to other pies:</p>

   <pre>&lt;p&gt;The grapefruit pie had a radius of 12cm and a height of
2cm.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;dl&gt;
 &lt;dt&gt;Radius: &lt;dd&gt; &lt;meter min=0 max=20 value=12&gt;12cm&lt;/meter&gt;
 &lt;dt&gt;Height: &lt;dd&gt; &lt;meter min=0 max=10 value=2&gt;2cm&lt;/meter&gt;
&lt;/dl&gt;</pre>

  </div><p>There is no explicit way to specify units in the
  <code><a href="#the-meter-element" id="meter_14">meter</a></code> element, but the units may be specified in the
  <code title="attr-title"><a href="elements.html#the-title-attribute" id="title_27">title</a></code> attribute in free-form text.<div class="example">

   <p>The example above could be extended to mention the units:</p>

   <pre>&lt;dl&gt;
 &lt;dt&gt;Radius: &lt;dd&gt; &lt;meter min=0 max=20 value=12 title="centimeters"&gt;12cm&lt;/meter&gt;
 &lt;dt&gt;Height: &lt;dd&gt; &lt;meter min=0 max=10 value=2 title="centimeters"&gt;2cm&lt;/meter&gt;
&lt;/dl&gt;</pre>

  </div><div class="example">
   <p>The following markup:</p>
   <pre>&lt;h3&gt;Suggested groups&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;menu type="toolbar"&gt;
 &lt;a href="?cmd=hsg" onclick="hideSuggestedGroups()"&gt;Hide suggested groups&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/menu&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;
  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="/group/comp.infosystems.www.authoring.stylesheets/view"&gt;comp.infosystems.www.authoring.stylesheets&lt;/a&gt; -
     &lt;a href="/group/comp.infosystems.www.authoring.stylesheets/subscribe"&gt;join&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;p&gt;Group description: &lt;strong&gt;Layout/presentation on the WWW.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;p&gt;<strong>&lt;meter value="0.5"&gt;Moderate activity,&lt;/meter&gt;</strong> Usenet, 618 subscribers&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;
  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="/group/netscape.public.mozilla.xpinstall/view"&gt;netscape.public.mozilla.xpinstall&lt;/a&gt; -
     &lt;a href="/group/netscape.public.mozilla.xpinstall/subscribe"&gt;join&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;p&gt;Group description: &lt;strong&gt;Mozilla XPInstall discussion.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;p&gt;<strong>&lt;meter value="0.25"&gt;Low activity,&lt;/meter&gt;</strong> Usenet, 22 subscribers&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;
  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="/group/mozilla.dev.general/view"&gt;mozilla.dev.general&lt;/a&gt; -
     &lt;a href="/group/mozilla.dev.general/subscribe"&gt;join&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;p&gt;<strong>&lt;meter value="0.25"&gt;Low activity,&lt;/meter&gt;</strong> Usenet, 66 subscribers&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</pre>
   <p>Might be rendered as follows:</p>
   <p><img alt="With the <meter> elements rendered as inline green bars of varying lengths." height="178" src="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/images/sample-meter.png" width="332"></p>
  </div><p>User agents  combine the value of
  the <code title="attr-title"><a href="elements.html#the-title-attribute" id="title_28">title</a></code> attribute and the other
  attributes to provide context-sensitive help or inline text
  detailing the actual values.<div class="example">
   <p>For example, the following snippet:</p>
   <pre>&lt;meter min=0 max=60 value=23.2 title=seconds&gt;&lt;/meter&gt;</pre>
   <p>...might cause the user agent to display a gauge with a tooltip
   saying "Value: 23.2 out of 60." on one line and "seconds" on a
   second line.</p>
  </div><p>The <code title="attr-fae-form"><a href="association-of-controls-and-forms.html#attr-fae-form" id="form_61">form</a></code> attribute is used to
  explicitly associate the <code><a href="#the-meter-element" id="meter_15">meter</a></code> element with its
  <a href="association-of-controls-and-forms.html#form-owner" id="form-owner_13">form owner</a>.<div class="example">

   <p>The following example shows how a gauge could fall back to
   localized or pretty-printed text.</p>

   <pre>&lt;p&gt;Disk usage: &lt;meter min=0 value=170261928 max=233257824&gt;170&thinsp;261&thinsp;928 bytes used
out of 233&thinsp;257&thinsp;824 bytes available&lt;/meter&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</pre>

  </div>
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</script><link href="the-ol-element.html" rel="prev" title="4.5.5 The ol element">
  <link href="Overview.html#contents" rel="index" title="Table of contents">
  <link href="the-li-element.html" rel="next" title="4.5.7 The li element">
  <body class="split chapter" onload="fixBrokenLink(); init()"><div class="head" id="head">
   <p><a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img alt="W3C" height="48" src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" width="72"></a></p>

   <h1>HTML5 <span class="edition">Edition for Web Authors</span> <span class="rcsrevision">revision 1.4918</span></h1>
   </div><div>
   <a href="the-ol-element.html">&larr; 4.5.5 The ol element</a> &ndash;
   <a href="Overview.html#contents">Table of contents</a> &ndash;
   <a href="the-li-element.html">4.5.7 The li element &rarr;</a>
  </div>

  <h4 id="the-ul-element"><span class="secno">4.5.6 </span>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>ul</code></dfn> element</h4><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_50">Flow content</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Contexts in which this element can be used:</dt>
   <dd>Where <a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_51">flow content</a> is expected.</dd>
   <dt>Content model:</dt>
   <dd>Zero or more <code><a href="the-li-element.html#the-li-element" id="li_4">li</a></code> elements.</dd>
   <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
   <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes" id="global-attributes_24">Global attributes</a></dd>
   <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
   <dd>
    <pre class="idl">interface <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="htmlulistelement" role="button" tabindex="0">HTMLUListElement</dfn> : <a href="elements.html#htmlelement" id="htmlelement_31">HTMLElement</a> {};</pre>
   </dd>
  </dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-ul-element" id="ul_6">ul</a></code> element <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/rendering.html#represents" title='Read about this "represents" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>represents</a> a list of
  items, where the order of the items is not important &mdash; that
  is, where changing the order would not materially change the meaning
  of the document.<p>The items of the list are the <code><a href="the-li-element.html#the-li-element" id="li_5">li</a></code> element child nodes
  of the <code><a href="#the-ul-element" id="ul_7">ul</a></code> element.<div class="example">

   <p>The following markup shows a list where the order does not
   matter, and where the <code><a href="#the-ul-element" id="ul_8">ul</a></code> element is therefore
   appropriate. Compare this list to the equivalent list in the
   <code><a href="the-ol-element.html#the-ol-element" id="ol_7">ol</a></code> section to see an example of the same items using
   the <code><a href="the-ol-element.html#the-ol-element" id="ol_8">ol</a></code> element.</p>

   <pre>&lt;p&gt;I have lived in the following countries:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Norway
 &lt;li&gt;Switzerland
 &lt;li&gt;United Kingdom
 &lt;li&gt;United States
&lt;/ul&gt;</pre>

   <p>Note that changing the order of the list does not change the
   meaning of the document. The items in the snippet above are given
   in alphabetical order, but in the snippet below they are given in
   order of the size of their current account balance in 2007, without
   changing the meaning of the document whatsoever:</p>

   <pre>&lt;p&gt;I have lived in the following countries:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Switzerland
 &lt;li&gt;Norway
 &lt;li&gt;United Kingdom
 &lt;li&gt;United States
&lt;/ul&gt;</pre>

  </div>
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</script><link href="semantics.html" rel="prev" title="4 The elements of HTML">
  <link href="Overview.html#contents" rel="index" title="Table of contents">
  <link href="the-head-element.html" rel="next" title="4.2.1 The head element">
  <body class="split chapter" onload="fixBrokenLink(); init()"><div class="head" id="head">
   <p><a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img alt="W3C" height="48" src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" width="72"></a></p>

   <h1>HTML5 <span class="edition">Edition for Web Authors</span> <span class="rcsrevision">revision 1.4918</span></h1>
   </div><div>
   <a href="semantics.html">&larr; 4 The elements of HTML</a> &ndash;
   <a href="Overview.html#contents">Table of contents</a> &ndash;
   <a href="the-head-element.html">4.2.1 The head element &rarr;</a>
  <ol class="toc"><li><ol><li><ol><li><a href="the-html-element.html#the-html-element" id="x4.1.1-the-html-element"><span class="secno">4.1.1 </span>The <code>html</code> element</a></ol><li><a href="the-html-element.html#document-metadata"><span class="secno">4.2 </span>Document metadata</a>
    </ol></ol></div>

  <h4 id="the-html-element"><span class="secno">4.1.1 </span>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>html</code></dfn> element</h4><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
   <dd>None.</dd>
   <dt>Contexts in which this element can be used:</dt>
   <dd>As the root element of a document.</dd>
   <dd>Wherever a subdocument fragment is allowed in a compound document.</dd>
   <dt>Content model:</dt>
   <dd>A <code><a href="the-head-element.html#the-head-element" id="head_6">head</a></code> element followed by a <code><a href="the-body-element.html#the-body-element" id="body_7">body</a></code> element.</dd>
   <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
   <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes" id="global-attributes_0">Global attributes</a></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-html-manifest"><a href="#attr-html-manifest" id="manifest">manifest</a></code></dd>
   <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
   <dd>
    <pre class="idl">interface <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="htmlhtmlelement" role="button" tabindex="0">HTMLHtmlElement</dfn> : <a href="elements.html#htmlelement" id="htmlelement_7">HTMLElement</a> {};</pre>
   </dd>
  </dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-html-element" id="html_3">html</a></code> element <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/rendering.html#represents" title='Read about this "represents" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>represents</a> the root of
  an HTML document.<p>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-html-manifest" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>manifest</code></dfn>
  attribute gives the address of the document's <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/offline.html#application-cache" title='Read about this "application cache" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>application
  cache</a> <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/offline.html#concept-appcache-manifest" title='Read about this "manifest" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>manifest</a>, if there is
  one. If the attribute is present, the attribute's value must be a
  <a href="urls.html#valid-non-empty-url-potentially-surrounded-by-spaces" id="valid-non-empty-url-potentially-surrounded-by-spaces_0">valid non-empty URL potentially surrounded by
  spaces</a>.<p>The <code title="attr-html-manifest"><a href="#attr-html-manifest" id="manifest_0">manifest</a></code> attribute
  only <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/offline.html#concept-appcache-init" title='Read about this "has an effect" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>has an effect</a> during
  the early stages of document load. Changing the attribute
  dynamically thus has no effect (and thus, no DOM API is provided for
  this attribute).<p class="note">For the purposes of <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/offline.html#concept-appcache-init" title='Read about this "application cache selection" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>application cache selection</a>,
  later <code><a href="the-base-element.html#the-base-element" id="base_1">base</a></code> elements cannot affect the <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/urls.html#resolve-a-url" title='Read about this "resolving of relative URLs" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>resolving of relative URLs</a> in <code title="attr-html-manifest"><a href="#attr-html-manifest" id="manifest_1">manifest</a></code> attributes, as the
  attributes are processed before those elements are seen.<p class="note">The <code title="dom-applicationCache"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/offline.html#dom-applicationcache" title='Read about this "window.applicationCache" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>window.applicationCache</a></code> IDL
  attribute provides scripted access to the offline <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/offline.html#application-cache" title='Read about this "application cache" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>application
  cache</a> mechanism.<div class="example">

   <p>The <code><a href="#the-html-element" id="html_4">html</a></code> element in the following example declares
   that the document's language is English.</p>

   <pre>&lt;!DOCTYPE html&gt;
<strong>&lt;html lang="en"&gt;</strong>
&lt;head&gt;
&lt;title&gt;Swapping Songs&lt;/title&gt;
&lt;/head&gt;
&lt;body&gt;
&lt;h1&gt;Swapping Songs&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Tonight I swapped some of the songs I wrote with some friends, who
gave me some of the songs they wrote. I love sharing my music.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/body&gt;
<strong>&lt;/html&gt;</strong></pre>

  </div><h3 id="document-metadata"><span class="secno">4.2 </span>Document metadata</h3>
--- NEW FILE: the-pre-element.html ---
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</script><link href="the-hr-element.html" rel="prev" title="4.5.2 The hr element">
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  <body class="split chapter" onload="fixBrokenLink(); init()"><div class="head" id="head">
   <p><a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img alt="W3C" height="48" src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" width="72"></a></p>

   <h1>HTML5 <span class="edition">Edition for Web Authors</span> <span class="rcsrevision">revision 1.4918</span></h1>
   </div><div>
   <a href="the-hr-element.html">&larr; 4.5.2 The hr element</a> &ndash;
   <a href="Overview.html#contents">Table of contents</a> &ndash;
   <a href="the-blockquote-element.html">4.5.4 The blockquote element &rarr;</a>
  </div>

  <h4 id="the-pre-element"><span class="secno">4.5.3 </span>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>pre</code></dfn> element</h4><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_43">Flow content</a>.</dd>
   <dd><a href="dnd.html#formatblock-candidate" id="formatblock-candidate_10"><code title="">formatBlock</code> candidate</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Contexts in which this element can be used:</dt>
   <dd>Where <a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_44">flow content</a> is expected.</dd>
   <dt>Content model:</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_24">Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
   <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes" id="global-attributes_21">Global attributes</a></dd>
   <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
   <dd>
    <pre class="idl">interface <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="htmlpreelement" role="button" tabindex="0">HTMLPreElement</dfn> : <a href="elements.html#htmlelement" id="htmlelement_28">HTMLElement</a> {};</pre>
   </dd>
  </dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-pre-element" id="pre_1">pre</a></code> element <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/rendering.html#represents" title='Read about this "represents" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>represents</a> a block of
  preformatted text, in which structure is represented by typographic
  conventions rather than by elements.<p class="note">In <a href="syntax.html#syntax" id="the-html-syntax_3">the HTML syntax</a>, a leading
  newline character immediately following the <code><a href="#the-pre-element" id="pre_2">pre</a></code> element
  start tag is stripped.<p>Some examples of cases where the <code><a href="#the-pre-element" id="pre_3">pre</a></code> element could
  be used:<ul><li>Including an e-mail, with paragraphs indicated by blank lines,
   lists indicated by lines prefixed with a bullet, and so on.</li>

   <li>Including fragments of computer code, with structure indicated
   according to the conventions of that language.</li>

   <li>Displaying ASCII art.</li>

  </ul><p class="note">Authors are encouraged to consider how preformatted
  text will be experienced when the formatting is lost, as will be the
  case for users of speech synthesizers, braille displays, and the
  like. For cases like ASCII art, it is likely that an alternative
  presentation, such as a textual description, would be more
  universally accessible to the readers of the document.<p>To represent a block of computer code, the <code><a href="#the-pre-element" id="pre_4">pre</a></code>
  element can be used with a <code><a href="the-code-element.html#the-code-element" id="code_1">code</a></code> element; to represent a
  block of computer output the <code><a href="#the-pre-element" id="pre_5">pre</a></code> element can be used
  with a <code><a href="the-samp-element.html#the-samp-element" id="samp_1">samp</a></code> element. Similarly, the <code><a href="the-kbd-element.html#the-kbd-element" id="kbd_2">kbd</a></code>
  element can be used within a <code><a href="#the-pre-element" id="pre_6">pre</a></code> element to indicate
  text that the user is to enter.<div class="example">

   <p>In the following snippet, a sample of computer code is
   presented.</p>

   <pre>&lt;p&gt;This is the &lt;code&gt;Panel&lt;/code&gt; constructor:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;function Panel(element, canClose, closeHandler) {
  this.element = element;
  this.canClose = canClose;
  this.closeHandler = function () { if (closeHandler) closeHandler() };
}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;</pre>

  </div><div class="example">

   <p>In the following snippet, <code><a href="the-samp-element.html#the-samp-element" id="samp_2">samp</a></code> and <code><a href="the-kbd-element.html#the-kbd-element" id="kbd_3">kbd</a></code>
   elements are mixed in the contents of a <code><a href="#the-pre-element" id="pre_7">pre</a></code> element to
   show a session of Zork I.</p>

   <pre>&lt;pre&gt;&lt;samp&gt;You are in an open field west of a big white house with a boarded
front door.
There is a small mailbox here.

&gt;&lt;/samp&gt; &lt;kbd&gt;open mailbox&lt;/kbd&gt;

&lt;samp&gt;Opening the mailbox reveals:
A leaflet.

&gt;&lt;/samp&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;</pre>

  </div><div class="example">

   <p>The following shows a contemporary poem that uses the
   <code><a href="#the-pre-element" id="pre_8">pre</a></code> element to preserve its unusual formatting, which
   forms an intrinsic part of the poem itself.</p>

   <pre>&lt;pre&gt;                maxling

it is with a          heart
               heavy

that i admit loss of a feline
        so           loved

a friend lost to the
        unknown
                                (night)

~cdr 11dec07&lt;/pre&gt;</pre>

  </div>
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[...2128 lines suppressed...]
     <td>The <code title="dom-MediaController-paused"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-iframe-element.html#dom-mediacontroller-paused" title='Read about this "paused" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>paused</a></code> attribute is newly true.
    <tr><td><dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="event-mediacontroller-ratechange" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>ratechange</code></dfn>
     <td><code><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/infrastructure.html#event" title='Read about this "Event" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>Event</a></code>
     <td>Either the <code title="dom-MediaController-defaultPlaybackRate"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-iframe-element.html#dom-mediacontroller-defaultplaybackrate" title='Read about this "defaultPlaybackRate" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>defaultPlaybackRate</a></code> attribute or the <code title="dom-MediaController-playbackRate"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-iframe-element.html#dom-mediacontroller-playbackrate" title='Read about this "playbackRate" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>playbackRate</a></code> attribute has just been updated.
    <tr><td><dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="event-mediacontroller-volumechange" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>volumechange</code></dfn>
     <td><code><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/infrastructure.html#event" title='Read about this "Event" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>Event</a></code>
     <td>Either the <code title="dom-MediaController-volume"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-iframe-element.html#dom-mediacontroller-volume" title='Read about this "volume" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>volume</a></code> attribute or the <code title="dom-MediaController-muted"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-iframe-element.html#dom-mediacontroller-muted" title='Read about this "muted" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>muted</a></code> attribute has just been updated.
  </table><h5 id="best-practices-for-authors-using-media-elements"><span class="secno">4.8.10.16 </span>Best practices for authors using media elements</h5><p>Playing audio and video resources on small devices such as
  set-top boxes or mobile phones is often constrained by limited
  hardware resources in the device. For example, a device might only
  support three simultaneous videos. For this reason, it is a good
  practice to release resources held by <a href="#media-element" id="media-element_51" title="media
  element">media elements</a> when they are done playing, either by
  being very careful about removing all references to the element and
  allowing it to be garbage collected, or, even better, by removing
  the element's <code title="attr-media-src"><a href="#attr-media-src" id="src_44">src</a></code> attribute and
  any <code><a href="the-source-element.html#the-source-element" id="source_9">source</a></code> element descendants, and invoking the
  element's <code title="dom-media-load"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-iframe-element.html#dom-media-load" title='Read about this "load()" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>load()</a></code> method.<p>Similarly, when the playback rate is not exactly 1.0, hardware,
  software, or format limitations can cause video frames to be dropped
  and audio to be choppy or muted.
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  <h4 id="the-progress-element"><span class="secno">4.10.16 </span>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>progress</code></dfn> element</h4><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_131">Flow content</a>.</dd>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_153">Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
   <dd><a href="forms.html#category-label" id="category-label_8" title="category-label">Labelable</a> <a href="forms.html#form-associated-element" id="form-associated-element_14">form-associated element</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Contexts in which this element can be used:</dt>
   <dd>Where <a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_154">phrasing content</a> is expected.</dd>
   <dt>Content model:</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_155">Phrasing content</a>, but there must be no <code><a href="#the-progress-element" id="progress_8">progress</a></code> element descendants.</dd>
   <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
   <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes" id="global-attributes_97">Global attributes</a></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-progress-value"><a href="#attr-progress-value" id="value_38">value</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-progress-max"><a href="#attr-progress-max" id="max_36">max</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-fae-form"><a href="association-of-controls-and-forms.html#attr-fae-form" id="form_59">form</a></code></dd>
   <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
   <dd>
<pre class="idl">interface <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="htmlprogresselement" role="button" tabindex="0">HTMLProgressElement</dfn> : <a href="elements.html#htmlelement" id="htmlelement_108">HTMLElement</a> {
           attribute double <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-button-element.html#dom-progress-value" title='Read about this "value" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>value</a>;
           attribute double <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-button-element.html#dom-progress-max" title='Read about this "max" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>max</a>;
  readonly attribute double <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-button-element.html#dom-progress-position" title='Read about this "position" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>position</a>;
  readonly attribute <a href="the-form-element.html#htmlformelement" id="htmlformelement_11">HTMLFormElement</a> <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/association-of-controls-and-forms.html#dom-fae-form" title='Read about this "form" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>form</a>;
  readonly attribute <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/infrastructure.html#nodelist" title='Read about this "NodeList" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>NodeList</a> <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/forms.html#dom-lfe-labels" title='Read about this "labels" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>labels</a>;
};</pre>
   </dd>
  </dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-progress-element" id="progress_9">progress</a></code> element <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/rendering.html#represents" title='Read about this "represents" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>represents</a> the
  completion progress of a task. The progress is either indeterminate,
  indicating that progress is being made but that it is not clear how
  much more work remains to be done before the task is complete (e.g.
  because the task is waiting for a remote host to respond), or the
  progress is a number in the range zero to a maximum, giving the
  fraction of work that has so far been completed.<p>There are two attributes that determine the current task
  completion represented by the element. The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-progress-value" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>value</code></dfn> attribute
  specifies how much of the task has been completed, and the <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-progress-max" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>max</code></dfn> attribute specifies
  how much work the task requires in total. The units are arbitrary
  and not specified.<p class="note">To make an determinate progress bar, add a <code title="attr-progress-value"><a href="#attr-progress-value" id="value_39">value</a></code> attribute with the current
  progress (either a number from 0.0 to 1.0, or, if the <code title="attr-progress-max"><a href="#attr-progress-max" id="max_37">max</a></code> attribute is specified, a
  number from 0 to the value of the <code title="attr-progress-max"><a href="#attr-progress-max" id="max_38">max</a></code> attribute. To make an
  indeterminate progress bar, remove the <code title="attr-progress-value"><a href="#attr-progress-value" id="value_40">value</a></code> attribute.<p>Authors are encouraged to also include the current value and the
  maximum value inline as text inside the element, so that the
  progress is made available to users of legacy user agents.<div class="example">
   <p>Here is a snippet of a Web application that shows the progress
   of some automated task:</p>
   <pre>&lt;section&gt;
 &lt;h2&gt;Task Progress&lt;/h2&gt;
 &lt;p&gt;Progress: &lt;progress id="p" max=100&gt;&lt;span&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;%&lt;/progress&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;script&gt;
  var progressBar = document.getElementById('p');
  function updateProgress(newValue) {
    progressBar.value = newValue;
    progressBar.getElementsByTagName('span')[0].textContent = newValue;
  }
 &lt;/script&gt;
&lt;/section&gt;</pre>
   <p>(The <code>updateProgress()</code> method in this example would
   be called by some other code on the page to update the actual
   progress bar as the task progressed.)</p>
  </div><p>The <code title="attr-progress-value"><a href="#attr-progress-value" id="value_41">value</a></code> and <code title="attr-progress-max"><a href="#attr-progress-max" id="max_39">max</a></code> attributes, when present, must
  have values that are <a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#valid-floating-point-number" id="valid-floating-point-number_9" title="valid floating point number">valid
  floating point numbers</a>. The <code title="attr-progress-value"><a href="#attr-progress-value" id="value_42">value</a></code> attribute, if present, must
  have a value equal to or greater than zero, and less than or equal
  to the value of the <code title="attr-progress-max"><a href="#attr-progress-max" id="max_40">max</a></code>
  attribute, if present, or 1.0, otherwise. The <code title="attr-progress-max"><a href="#attr-progress-max" id="max_41">max</a></code> attribute, if present, must
  have a value greater than zero.<p class="note">The <code><a href="#the-progress-element" id="progress_10">progress</a></code> element is the wrong
  element to use for something that is just a gauge, as opposed to
  task progress. For instance, indicating disk space usage using
  <code><a href="#the-progress-element" id="progress_11">progress</a></code> would be inappropriate. Instead, the
  <code><a href="the-meter-element.html#the-meter-element" id="meter_8">meter</a></code> element is available for such use cases.<dl class="domintro"><dt><var title="">progress</var> . <code title="dom-progress-position"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-button-element.html#dom-progress-position" title='Read about this "position" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>position</a></code></dt>

   <dd>

    <p>For a determinate progress bar (one with known current and
    maximum values), returns the result of dividing the current value
    by the maximum value.</p>

    <p>For an indeterminate progress bar, returns &minus;1.</p>

   </dd>

  </dl>
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</script><link href="the-header-element.html" rel="prev" title="4.4.8 The header element">
  <link href="Overview.html#contents" rel="index" title="Table of contents">
  <link href="the-address-element.html" rel="next" title="4.4.10 The address element">
  <body class="split chapter" onload="fixBrokenLink(); init()"><div class="head" id="head">
   <p><a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img alt="W3C" height="48" src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" width="72"></a></p>

   <h1>HTML5 <span class="edition">Edition for Web Authors</span> <span class="rcsrevision">revision 1.4918</span></h1>
   </div><div>
   <a href="the-header-element.html">&larr; 4.4.8 The header element</a> &ndash;
   <a href="Overview.html#contents">Table of contents</a> &ndash;
   <a href="the-address-element.html">4.4.10 The address element &rarr;</a>
  </div>

  <h4 id="the-footer-element"><span class="secno">4.4.9 </span>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>footer</code></dfn> element</h4><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_33">Flow content</a>.</dd>
   <dd><a href="dnd.html#formatblock-candidate" id="formatblock-candidate_7"><code title="">formatBlock</code> candidate</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Contexts in which this element can be used:</dt>
   <dd>Where <a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_34">flow content</a> is expected.</dd>
   <dt>Content model:</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_35">Flow content</a>, but with no <code><a href="the-header-element.html#the-header-element" id="header_10">header</a></code> or
   <code><a href="#the-footer-element" id="footer_6">footer</a></code> element descendants.</dd>
   <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
   <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes" id="global-attributes_17">Global attributes</a></dd>
   <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
   <dd>Uses <code><a href="elements.html#htmlelement" id="htmlelement_24">HTMLElement</a></code>.</dd>
  </dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-footer-element" id="footer_7">footer</a></code> element <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/rendering.html#represents" title='Read about this "represents" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>represents</a> a footer
  for its nearest ancestor <a href="content-models.html#sectioning-content" id="sectioning-content_9">sectioning content</a> or
  <a href="the-address-element.html#sectioning-root" id="sectioning-root_2">sectioning root</a> element. A footer typically contains
  information about its section such as who wrote it, links to related
  documents, copyright data, and the like.<p>When the <code><a href="#the-footer-element" id="footer_8">footer</a></code> element contains entire sections,
  they <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/rendering.html#represents" title='Read about this "represent" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>represent</a> appendices, indexes,
  long colophons, verbose license agreements, and other such
  content.<p class="note">Contact information for the author or editor of a
  section belongs in an <code><a href="the-address-element.html#the-address-element" id="address_2">address</a></code> element, possibly itself
  inside a <code><a href="#the-footer-element" id="footer_9">footer</a></code>.<p>Footers don't necessarily have to appear at the <em>end</em> of a
  section, though they usually do.<p>When the nearest ancestor <a href="content-models.html#sectioning-content" id="sectioning-content_10">sectioning content</a> or
  <a href="the-address-element.html#sectioning-root" id="sectioning-root_3">sectioning root</a> element is <a href="dom.html#the-body-element-0" id="the-body-element_4">the body
  element</a>, then it applies to the whole page.<p class="note">The <code><a href="#the-footer-element" id="footer_10">footer</a></code> element is not
  <a href="content-models.html#sectioning-content" id="sectioning-content_11">sectioning content</a>; it doesn't introduce a new
  section.<div class="example">

   <p>Here is a page with two footers, one at the top and one at the
   bottom, with the same content:</p>

   <pre>&lt;body&gt;
 &lt;footer&gt;&lt;a href="../"&gt;Back to index...&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/footer&gt;
 &lt;hgroup&gt;
  &lt;h1&gt;Lorem ipsum&lt;/h1&gt;
  &lt;h2&gt;The ipsum of all lorems&lt;/h2&gt;
 &lt;/hgroup&gt;
 &lt;p&gt;A dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod
 tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim
 veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex
 ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in
 voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla
 pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in
 culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;footer&gt;&lt;a href="../"&gt;Back to index...&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/footer&gt;
&lt;/body&gt;</pre>

  </div><div class="example">

   <p>Here is an example which shows the <code><a href="#the-footer-element" id="footer_11">footer</a></code> element
   being used both for a site-wide footer and for a section
   footer.</p>

   <pre>&lt;!DOCTYPE HTML&gt;
&lt;HTML&gt;&lt;HEAD&gt;
&lt;TITLE&gt;The Ramblings of a Scientist&lt;/TITLE&gt;
&lt;BODY&gt;
&lt;H1&gt;The Ramblings of a Scientist&lt;/H1&gt;
&lt;ARTICLE&gt;
 &lt;H1&gt;Episode 15&lt;/H1&gt;
 &lt;VIDEO SRC="/fm/015.ogv" CONTROLS PRELOAD&gt;
  &lt;P&gt;&lt;A HREF="/fm/015.ogv"&gt;Download video&lt;/A&gt;.&lt;/P&gt;
 &lt;/VIDEO&gt;
 &lt;FOOTER&gt; &lt;!-- footer for article --&gt;
  &lt;P&gt;Published &lt;TIME PUBDATE DATETIME="2009-10-21T18:26-07:00"&gt;&lt;/TIME&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
 &lt;/FOOTER&gt;
&lt;/ARTICLE&gt;
&lt;ARTICLE&gt;
 &lt;H1&gt;My Favorite Trains&lt;/H1&gt;
 &lt;P&gt;I love my trains. My favorite train of all time is a K&ouml;f.&lt;/P&gt;
 &lt;P&gt;It is fun to see them pull some coal cars because they look so
 dwarfed in comparison.&lt;/P&gt;
 &lt;FOOTER&gt; &lt;!-- footer for article --&gt;
  &lt;P&gt;Published &lt;TIME PUBDATE DATETIME="2009-09-15T14:54-07:00"&gt;&lt;/TIME&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
 &lt;/FOOTER&gt;
&lt;/ARTICLE&gt;
&lt;FOOTER&gt; &lt;!-- site wide footer --&gt;
 &lt;NAV&gt;
  &lt;P&gt;&lt;A HREF="/credits.html"&gt;Credits&lt;/A&gt; &mdash;
     &lt;A HREF="/tos.html"&gt;Terms of Service&lt;/A&gt; &mdash;
     &lt;A HREF="/index.html"&gt;Blog Index&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
 &lt;/NAV&gt;
 &lt;P&gt;Copyright &copy; 2009 Gordon Freeman&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;/FOOTER&gt;
&lt;/BODY&gt;
&lt;/HTML&gt;</pre>

  </div><div class="example">

   <p>Some site designs have what is sometimes referred to as "fat
   footers" &mdash; footers that contain a lot of material, including
   images, links to other articles, links to pages for sending
   feedback, special offers... in some ways, a whole "front page" in
   the footer.</p>

   <p>This fragment shows the bottom of a page on a site with a "fat
   footer":</p>

   <pre>...
 &lt;footer&gt;
  &lt;nav&gt;
   &lt;section&gt;
    &lt;h1&gt;Articles&lt;/h1&gt;
    &lt;p&gt;&lt;img src="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/images/somersaults.jpeg" alt=""&gt; Go to the gym with
    our somersaults class! Our teacher Jim takes you through the paces
    in this two-part article. &lt;a href="articles/somersaults/1"&gt;Part
    1&lt;/a&gt; &middot; &lt;a href="articles/somersaults/1"&gt;Part 2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
    &lt;p&gt;&lt;img src="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/images/kindplus.jpeg"&gt; Tired of walking on the edge of
    a clif&lt;!-- sic --&gt;? Our guest writer Lara shows you how to bumble
    your way through the bars. &lt;a href="articles/kindplus/1"&gt;Read
    more...&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
    &lt;p&gt;&lt;img src="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/images/crisps.jpeg"&gt; The chips are down, now all
    that's left is a potato. What can you do with it? &lt;a
    href="articles/crisps/1"&gt;Read more...&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
   &lt;/section&gt;
   &lt;ul&gt;
    &lt;li&gt; &lt;a href="/about"&gt;About us...&lt;/a&gt;
    &lt;li&gt; &lt;a href="/feedback"&gt;Send feedback!&lt;/a&gt;
    &lt;li&gt; &lt;a href="/sitemap"&gt;Sitemap&lt;/a&gt;
   &lt;/ul&gt;
  &lt;/nav&gt;
  &lt;p&gt;&lt;small&gt;Copyright &copy; 2015 The Snacker &mdash;
  &lt;a href="/tos"&gt;Terms of Service&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/footer&gt;
&lt;/body&gt;</pre>

  </div>
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</script><link href="the-bdi-element.html" rel="prev" title="4.6.23 The bdi element">
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  <body class="split chapter" onload="fixBrokenLink(); init()"><div class="head" id="head">
   <p><a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img alt="W3C" height="48" src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" width="72"></a></p>

   <h1>HTML5 <span class="edition">Edition for Web Authors</span> <span class="rcsrevision">revision 1.4918</span></h1>
   </div><div>
   <a href="the-bdi-element.html">&larr; 4.6.23 The bdi element</a> &ndash;
   <a href="Overview.html#contents">Table of contents</a> &ndash;
   <a href="the-span-element.html">4.6.25 The span element &rarr;</a>
  </div>

  <h4 id="the-bdo-element"><span class="secno">4.6.24 </span>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>bdo</code></dfn> element</h4><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_88">Flow content</a>.</dd>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_93">Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Contexts in which this element can be used:</dt>
   <dd>Where <a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_94">phrasing content</a> is expected.</dd>
   <dt>Content model:</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_95">Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
   <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes" id="global-attributes_55">Global attributes</a></dd>
   <dd>Also, the <code title="attr-dir"><a href="elements.html#the-dir-attribute" id="dir_16">dir</a></code> global attribute has special semantics on this element.</dd>
   <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
   <dd>Uses <code><a href="elements.html#htmlelement" id="htmlelement_61">HTMLElement</a></code>.</dd>
  </dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-bdo-element" id="bdo_2">bdo</a></code> element <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/rendering.html#represents" title='Read about this "represents" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>represents</a> explicit
  text directionality formatting control for its children. It allows
  authors to override the Unicode bidirectional algorithm by
  explicitly specifying a direction override. <a href="references.html#refsBIDI">[BIDI]</a><p>Authors must specify the <code title="attr-dir"><a href="elements.html#the-dir-attribute" id="dir_17">dir</a></code>
  attribute on this element, with the value <a href="elements.html#concept-ltr" id="ltr"><code>ltr</code></a> to
  specify a left-to-right override and with the value <a href="elements.html#concept-rtl" id="rtl"><code>rtl</code></a>
  to specify a right-to-left override.
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</script><link href="the-embed-element.html" rel="prev" title="4.8.3 The embed element">
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   <p><a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img alt="W3C" height="48" src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" width="72"></a></p>

   <h1>HTML5 <span class="edition">Edition for Web Authors</span> <span class="rcsrevision">revision 1.4918</span></h1>
   </div><div>
   <a href="the-embed-element.html">&larr; 4.8.3 The embed element</a> &ndash;
   <a href="Overview.html#contents">Table of contents</a> &ndash;
   <a href="the-param-element.html">4.8.5 The param element &rarr;</a>
  </div>

  <h4 id="the-object-element"><span class="secno">4.8.4 </span>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>object</code></dfn> element</h4><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_99">Flow content</a>.</dd>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_117">Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#embedded-content" id="embedded-content_11">Embedded content</a>.</dd>
   <dd>If the element has a <code title="attr-hyperlink-usemap"><a href="the-area-element.html#attr-hyperlink-usemap" id="usemap_4">usemap</a></code> attribute: <a href="content-models.html#interactive-content" id="interactive-content_7">Interactive content</a>.</dd> 
   <dd><a href="forms.html#category-listed" id="category-listed_1" title="category-listed">Listed</a>,  <a href="forms.html#category-submit" id="category-submit_0" title="category-submit">submittable</a>, <a href="forms.html#form-associated-element" id="form-associated-element_1">form-associated element</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Contexts in which this element can be used:</dt>
   <dd>Where <a href="content-models.html#embedded-content" id="embedded-content_12">embedded content</a> is expected.</dd>
   <dt>Content model:</dt>
   <dd>Zero or more <code><a href="the-param-element.html#the-param-element" id="param_1">param</a></code> elements, then, <a href="content-models.html#transparent" id="transparent_6">transparent</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
   <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes" id="global-attributes_65">Global attributes</a></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-object-data"><a href="#attr-object-data" id="data">data</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-object-type"><a href="#attr-object-type" id="type_21">type</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-object-name"><a href="#attr-object-name" id="name_11">name</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-hyperlink-usemap"><a href="the-area-element.html#attr-hyperlink-usemap" id="usemap_5">usemap</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-fae-form"><a href="association-of-controls-and-forms.html#attr-fae-form" id="form_40">form</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-dim-width"><a href="the-area-element.html#attr-dim-width" id="width_7">width</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-dim-height"><a href="the-area-element.html#attr-dim-height" id="height_7">height</a></code></dd>
   <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
   <dd>
<pre class="idl">interface <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="htmlobjectelement" role="button" tabindex="0">HTMLObjectElement</dfn> : <a href="elements.html#htmlelement" id="htmlelement_69">HTMLElement</a> {
           attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-iframe-element.html#dom-object-data" title='Read about this "data" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>data</a>;
           attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-iframe-element.html#dom-object-type" title='Read about this "type" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>type</a>;
           attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-iframe-element.html#dom-object-name" title='Read about this "name" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>name</a>;
           attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-iframe-element.html#dom-object-usemap" title='Read about this "useMap" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>useMap</a>;
  readonly attribute <a href="the-form-element.html#htmlformelement" id="htmlformelement_0">HTMLFormElement</a> <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/association-of-controls-and-forms.html#dom-fae-form" title='Read about this "form" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>form</a>;
           attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-map-element.html#dom-dim-width" title='Read about this "width" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>width</a>;
           attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-map-element.html#dom-dim-height" title='Read about this "height" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>height</a>;
  readonly attribute Document <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-iframe-element.html#dom-object-contentdocument" title='Read about this "contentDocument" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>contentDocument</a>;
  readonly attribute <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/browsers.html#windowproxy" title='Read about this "WindowProxy" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>WindowProxy</a> <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-iframe-element.html#dom-object-contentwindow" title='Read about this "contentWindow" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>contentWindow</a>;

  readonly attribute boolean <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/association-of-controls-and-forms.html#dom-cva-willvalidate" title='Read about this "willValidate" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>willValidate</a>;
  readonly attribute <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/association-of-controls-and-forms.html#validitystate" title='Read about this "ValidityState" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>ValidityState</a> <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/association-of-controls-and-forms.html#dom-cva-validity" title='Read about this "validity" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>validity</a>;
  readonly attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/association-of-controls-and-forms.html#dom-cva-validationmessage" title='Read about this "validationMessage" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>validationMessage</a>;
  boolean <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/association-of-controls-and-forms.html#dom-cva-checkvalidatity" title='Read about this "checkValidity" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>checkValidity</a>();
  void <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/association-of-controls-and-forms.html#dom-cva-setcustomvalidity" title='Read about this "setCustomValidity" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>setCustomValidity</a>(in DOMString error);
};</pre>
    
   </dd>
  </dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-object-element" id="object_14">object</a></code> element can represent an external
  resource, which, depending on the type of the resource, will either
  be treated as an image, as a <a href="browsers.html#nested-browsing-context" id="nested-browsing-context_5">nested browsing context</a>,
  or as an external resource to be processed by a
  <a href="infrastructure.html#plugin" id="plugin_3">plugin</a>.<p>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-object-data" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>data</code></dfn>
  attribute, if present, specifies the address of the resource. If
  present, the attribute must be a <a href="urls.html#valid-non-empty-url-potentially-surrounded-by-spaces" id="valid-non-empty-url-potentially-surrounded-by-spaces_6">valid non-empty
  URL potentially surrounded by spaces</a>.<p>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-object-type" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>type</code></dfn>
  attribute, if present, specifies the type of the resource. If
  present, the attribute must be a <a href="infrastructure.html#valid-mime-type" id="valid-mime-type_5">valid MIME type</a>.<p>At least one of either the <code title="attr-object-data"><a href="#attr-object-data" id="data_0">data</a></code> attribute or the <code title="attr-object-type"><a href="#attr-object-type" id="type_22">type</a></code> attribute must be present.<p>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-object-name" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>name</code></dfn>
  attribute, if present, must be a <a href="browsers.html#valid-browsing-context-name" id="valid-browsing-context-name_1">valid browsing context
  name</a>. The given value is used to name the <a href="browsers.html#nested-browsing-context" id="nested-browsing-context_6">nested
  browsing context</a>, if applicable.<p>The <code title="attr-hyperlink-usemap"><a href="the-area-element.html#attr-hyperlink-usemap" id="usemap_6">usemap</a></code> attribute,
  if present while the <code><a href="#the-object-element" id="object_15">object</a></code> element represents an
  image, can indicate that the object has an associated <a href="the-area-element.html#image-map" id="image-map_2">image
  map</a>. <p>The <code title="attr-fae-form"><a href="association-of-controls-and-forms.html#attr-fae-form" id="form_41">form</a></code> attribute is used to
  explicitly associate the <code><a href="#the-object-element" id="object_16">object</a></code> element with its
  <a href="association-of-controls-and-forms.html#form-owner" id="form-owner_0">form owner</a>.<p>The <code><a href="#the-object-element" id="object_17">object</a></code> element supports <a href="the-area-element.html#dimension-attributes" id="dimension-attributes_3">dimension
  attributes</a>.<div class="example">

   <p>In the following example, a Java applet is embedded in a page
   using the <code><a href="#the-object-element" id="object_18">object</a></code> element. (Generally speaking, it is
   better to avoid using applets like these and instead use native
   JavaScript and HTML to provide the functionality, since that way
   the application will work on all Web browsers without requiring a
   third-party plugin. Many devices, especially embedded devices, do
   not support third-party technologies like Java.)</p>

   <pre>&lt;figure&gt;
 &lt;object type="application/x-java-applet"&gt;
  &lt;param name="code" value="MyJavaClass"&gt;
  &lt;p&gt;You do not have Java available, or it is disabled.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/object&gt;
 &lt;figcaption&gt;My Java Clock&lt;/figcaption&gt;
&lt;/figure&gt;</pre>

  </div><div class="example">

   <p>In this example, an HTML page is embedded in another using the
   <code><a href="#the-object-element" id="object_19">object</a></code> element.</p>

   <pre>&lt;figure&gt;
 &lt;object data="clock.html"&gt;&lt;/object&gt;
 &lt;figcaption&gt;My HTML Clock&lt;/figcaption&gt;
&lt;/figure&gt;</pre>

  </div><div class="example">

   <p>The following example shows how a plugin can be used in HTML (in
   this case the Flash plugin, to show a video file). Fallback is
   provided for users who do not have Flash enabled, in this case
   using the <code><a href="the-video-element.html#the-video-element" id="video_12">video</a></code> element to show the video for those
   using user agents that support <code><a href="the-video-element.html#the-video-element" id="video_13">video</a></code>, and finally
   providing a link to the video for those who have neither Flash nor
   a <code><a href="the-video-element.html#the-video-element" id="video_14">video</a></code>-capable browser.</p>

   <pre>&lt;p&gt;Look at my video:
 &lt;object type="application/x-shockwave-flash"&gt;
  &lt;param name=movie value="http://video.example.com/library/watch.swf"&gt;
  &lt;param name=allowfullscreen value=true&gt;
  &lt;param name=flashvars value="http://video.example.com/vids/315981"&gt;
  &lt;video controls src="http://video.example.com/vids/315981"&gt;
   &lt;a href="http://video.example.com/vids/315981"&gt;View video&lt;/a&gt;.
  &lt;/video&gt;
 &lt;/object&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;</pre>

  </div>
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</script><link href="the-blockquote-element.html" rel="prev" title="4.5.4 The blockquote element">
  <link href="Overview.html#contents" rel="index" title="Table of contents">
  <link href="the-ul-element.html" rel="next" title="4.5.6 The ul element">
  <body class="split chapter" onload="fixBrokenLink(); init()"><div class="head" id="head">
   <p><a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img alt="W3C" height="48" src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" width="72"></a></p>

   <h1>HTML5 <span class="edition">Edition for Web Authors</span> <span class="rcsrevision">revision 1.4918</span></h1>
   </div><div>
   <a href="the-blockquote-element.html">&larr; 4.5.4 The blockquote element</a> &ndash;
   <a href="Overview.html#contents">Table of contents</a> &ndash;
   <a href="the-ul-element.html">4.5.6 The ul element &rarr;</a>
  </div>

  <h4 id="the-ol-element"><span class="secno">4.5.5 </span>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>ol</code></dfn> element</h4><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_48">Flow content</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Contexts in which this element can be used:</dt>
   <dd>Where <a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_49">flow content</a> is expected.</dd>
   <dt>Content model:</dt>
   <dd>Zero or more <code><a href="the-li-element.html#the-li-element" id="li_2">li</a></code> elements.</dd>
   <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
   <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes" id="global-attributes_23">Global attributes</a></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-ol-reversed"><a href="#attr-ol-reversed" id="reversed">reversed</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-ol-start"><a href="#attr-ol-start" id="start">start</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-ol-type"><a href="#attr-ol-type" id="type_16">type</a></code></dd>
   <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
   <dd>
<pre class="idl">interface <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="htmlolistelement" role="button" tabindex="0">HTMLOListElement</dfn> : <a href="elements.html#htmlelement" id="htmlelement_30">HTMLElement</a> {
           attribute boolean <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/grouping-content.html#dom-ol-reversed" title='Read about this "reversed" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>reversed</a>;
           attribute long <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/grouping-content.html#dom-ol-start" title='Read about this "start" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>start</a>;
           attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/grouping-content.html#dom-ol-type" title='Read about this "type" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>type</a>;
};</pre>
   </dd>
  </dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-ol-element" id="ol_4">ol</a></code> element <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/rendering.html#represents" title='Read about this "represents" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>represents</a> a list of
  items, where the items have been intentionally ordered, such that
  changing the order would change the meaning of the document.<p>The items of the list are the <code><a href="the-li-element.html#the-li-element" id="li_3">li</a></code> element child nodes
  of the <code><a href="#the-ol-element" id="ol_5">ol</a></code> element, in <a href="infrastructure.html#tree-order" id="tree-order_5">tree order</a>.<p>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-ol-reversed" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>reversed</code></dfn>
  attribute is a <a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#boolean-attribute" id="boolean-attribute_2">boolean attribute</a>. If present, it
  indicates that the list is a descending list (..., 3, 2, 1). If the
  attribute is omitted, the list is an ascending list (1, 2, 3,
  ...).<p>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-ol-start" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>start</code></dfn>
  attribute, if present, must be a <a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#valid-integer" id="valid-integer_3">valid integer</a> giving
  the <a href="the-li-element.html#ordinal-value" id="ordinal-value_0">ordinal value</a> of the first list item.<p>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-ol-type" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>type</code></dfn> attribute
  can be used to specify the kind of marker to use in the list, in the
  cases where that matters (e.g. because items are to be referenced by
  their number/letter). The attribute, if specified, must have a value
  that is a <a href="infrastructure.html#case-sensitive" id="case-sensitive_2">case-sensitive</a> match for one of the
  characters given in the first cell of one of the rows of the
  following table. <table><thead><tr><th>Keyword
     <th>State
     <th>Description
     <th colspan="8">Examples for values 1-3 and 3999-4001
   <tbody><tr><td><dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-ol-type-keyword-decimal" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>1</code></dfn> (U+0031)
     <td><dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-ol-type-state-decimal" role="button" tabindex="0">decimal</dfn>
     <td>Decimal numbers
     <td class="eg"><samp>1.</samp> <td class="eg"><samp>2.</samp> <td class="eg"><samp>3.</samp> <td class="eg">... <td class="eg"><samp>3999.</samp> <td class="eg"><samp>4000.</samp> <td class="eg"><samp>4001.</samp> <td class="eg">...
    <tr><td><dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-ol-type-keyword-lower-alpha" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>a</code></dfn> (U+0061)
     <td><dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-ol-type-state-lower-alpha" role="button" tabindex="0">lower-alpha</dfn>
     <td>Lowercase latin alphabet
     <td class="eg"><samp>a.</samp> <td class="eg"><samp>b.</samp> <td class="eg"><samp>c.</samp> <td class="eg">... <td class="eg"><samp>ewu.</samp> <td class="eg"><samp>ewv.</samp> <td class="eg"><samp>eww.</samp> <td class="eg">...
    <tr><td><dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-ol-type-keyword-upper-alpha" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>A</code></dfn> (U+0041)
     <td><dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-ol-type-state-upper-alpha" role="button" tabindex="0">upper-alpha</dfn>
     <td>Uppercase latin alphabet
     <td class="eg"><samp>A.</samp> <td class="eg"><samp>B.</samp> <td class="eg"><samp>C.</samp> <td class="eg">... <td class="eg"><samp>EWU.</samp> <td class="eg"><samp>EWV.</samp> <td class="eg"><samp>EWW.</samp> <td class="eg">...
    <tr><td><dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-ol-type-keyword-lower-roman" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>i</code></dfn> (U+0069)
     <td><dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-ol-type-state-lower-roman" role="button" tabindex="0">lower-roman</dfn>
     <td>Lowercase roman numerals
     <td class="eg"><samp>i.</samp> <td class="eg"><samp>ii.</samp> <td class="eg"><samp>iii.</samp> <td class="eg">... <td class="eg"><samp>mmmcmxcix.</samp> <td class="eg"><samp>i&#773;v&#773;.</samp> <td class="eg"><samp>i&#773;v&#773;i.</samp> <td class="eg">...
    <tr><td><dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-ol-type-keyword-upper-roman" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>I</code></dfn> (U+0049)
     <td><dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-ol-type-state-upper-roman" role="button" tabindex="0">upper-roman</dfn>
     <td>Uppercase roman numerals
     <td class="eg"><samp>I.</samp> <td class="eg"><samp>II.</samp> <td class="eg"><samp>III.</samp> <td class="eg">... <td class="eg"><samp>MMMCMXCIX.</samp> <td class="eg"><samp>I&#773;V&#773;.</samp> <td class="eg"><samp>I&#773;V&#773;I.</samp> <td class="eg">...
  </table><div class="example">

   <p>The following markup shows a list where the order matters, and
   where the <code><a href="#the-ol-element" id="ol_6">ol</a></code> element is therefore appropriate. Compare
   this list to the equivalent list in the <code><a href="the-ul-element.html#the-ul-element" id="ul_4">ul</a></code> section to
   see an example of the same items using the <code><a href="the-ul-element.html#the-ul-element" id="ul_5">ul</a></code>
   element.</p>

   <pre>&lt;p&gt;I have lived in the following countries (given in the order of when
I first lived there):&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ol&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Switzerland
 &lt;li&gt;United Kingdom
 &lt;li&gt;United States
 &lt;li&gt;Norway
&lt;/ol&gt;</pre>

   <p>Note how changing the order of the list changes the meaning of
   the document. In the following example, changing the relative order
   of the first two items has changed the birthplace of the
   author:</p>

   <pre>&lt;p&gt;I have lived in the following countries (given in the order of when
I first lived there):&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ol&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;United Kingdom
 &lt;li&gt;Switzerland
 &lt;li&gt;United States
 &lt;li&gt;Norway
&lt;/ol&gt;</pre>

  </div>
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</script><link href="the-map-element.html" rel="prev" title="4.8.12 The map element">
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   <p><a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img alt="W3C" height="48" src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" width="72"></a></p>

   <h1>HTML5 <span class="edition">Edition for Web Authors</span> <span class="rcsrevision">revision 1.4918</span></h1>
   </div><div>
   <a href="the-map-element.html">&larr; 4.8.12 The map element</a> &ndash;
   <a href="Overview.html#contents">Table of contents</a> &ndash;
   <a href="tabular-data.html">4.9 Tabular data &rarr;</a>
  <ol class="toc"><li><ol><li><ol><li><a href="the-area-element.html#the-area-element" id="x4.8.13-the-area-element"><span class="secno">4.8.13 </span>The <code>area</code> element</a><li><a href="the-area-element.html#image-maps"><span class="secno">4.8.14 </span>Image maps</a>
      <li><a href="the-area-element.html#mathml"><span class="secno">4.8.15 </span>MathML</a><li><a href="the-area-element.html#svg-0"><span class="secno">4.8.16 </span>SVG</a><li><a href="the-area-element.html#dimension-attributes" id="x4.8.17-dimension-attributes"><span class="secno">4.8.17 </span>Dimension attributes</a></ol></ol></ol></div>

  <h4 id="the-area-element"><span class="secno">4.8.13 </span>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>area</code></dfn> element</h4><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_108">Flow content</a>.</dd>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_125">Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Contexts in which this element can be used:</dt>
   <dd>Where <a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_126">phrasing content</a> is expected, but only if there is a <code><a href="the-map-element.html#the-map-element" id="map_9">map</a></code> element ancestor.</dd>
   <dt>Content model:</dt>
   <dd>Empty.</dd>
   <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
   <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes" id="global-attributes_73">Global attributes</a></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-area-alt"><a href="#attr-area-alt" id="alt_32">alt</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-area-coords"><a href="#attr-area-coords" id="coords">coords</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-area-shape"><a href="#attr-area-shape" id="shape_0">shape</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-hyperlink-href"><a href="links.html#attr-hyperlink-href" id="href_16">href</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-hyperlink-target"><a href="links.html#attr-hyperlink-target" id="target_14">target</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-hyperlink-rel"><a href="links.html#attr-hyperlink-rel" id="rel_14">rel</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-hyperlink-media"><a href="links.html#attr-hyperlink-media" id="media_10">media</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-hyperlink-hreflang"><a href="links.html#attr-hyperlink-hreflang" id="hreflang_3">hreflang</a></code></dd>
   <dd><code title="attr-hyperlink-type"><a href="links.html#attr-hyperlink-type" id="type_100">type</a></code></dd>
   <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
   <dd>
<pre class="idl">interface <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="htmlareaelement" role="button" tabindex="0">HTMLAreaElement</dfn> : <a href="elements.html#htmlelement" id="htmlelement_76">HTMLElement</a> {
           attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-map-element.html#dom-area-alt" title='Read about this "alt" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>alt</a>;
           attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-map-element.html#dom-area-coords" title='Read about this "coords" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>coords</a>;
           attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-map-element.html#dom-area-shape" title='Read about this "shape" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>shape</a>;
  stringifier attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-map-element.html#dom-area-href" title='Read about this "href" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>href</a>;
           attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-map-element.html#dom-area-target" title='Read about this "target" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>target</a>;
           attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-map-element.html#dom-area-rel" title='Read about this "rel" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>rel</a>;
  readonly attribute <a href="urls.html#domtokenlist" id="domtokenlist_7">DOMTokenList</a> <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-map-element.html#dom-area-rellist" title='Read about this "relList" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>relList</a>;
           attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-map-element.html#dom-area-media" title='Read about this "media" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>media</a>;
           attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-map-element.html#dom-area-hreflang" title='Read about this "hreflang" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>hreflang</a>;
           attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-map-element.html#dom-area-type" title='Read about this "type" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>type</a>;

  // <a href="urls.html#url-decomposition-idl-attributes" id="url-decomposition-idl-attributes_2">URL decomposition IDL attributes</a>
           attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-map-element.html#dom-area-protocol" title='Read about this "protocol" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>protocol</a>;
           attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-map-element.html#dom-area-host" title='Read about this "host" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>host</a>;
           attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-map-element.html#dom-area-hostname" title='Read about this "hostname" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>hostname</a>;
           attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-map-element.html#dom-area-port" title='Read about this "port" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>port</a>;
           attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-map-element.html#dom-area-pathname" title='Read about this "pathname" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>pathname</a>;
           attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-map-element.html#dom-area-search" title='Read about this "search" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>search</a>;
           attribute DOMString <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-map-element.html#dom-area-hash" title='Read about this "hash" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>hash</a>;
};</pre>
   </dd>
  </dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-area-element" id="area_10">area</a></code> element <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/rendering.html#represents" title='Read about this "represents" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>represents</a> either a
  hyperlink with some text and a corresponding area on an <a href="#image-map" id="image-map_4">image
  map</a>, or a dead area on an image map.<p>If the <code><a href="#the-area-element" id="area_11">area</a></code> element has an <code title="attr-hyperlink-href"><a href="links.html#attr-hyperlink-href" id="href_17">href</a></code> attribute, then the
  <code><a href="#the-area-element" id="area_12">area</a></code> element represents a <a href="links.html#hyperlink" id="hyperlink_10">hyperlink</a>. In
  this case, the <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-area-alt" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>alt</code></dfn>
  attribute must be present. It specifies the text of the
  hyperlink. Its value must be text that, when presented with the
  texts specified for the other hyperlinks of the <a href="#image-map" id="image-map_5">image
  map</a>, and with the alternative text of the image, but without
  the image itself, provides the user with the same kind of choice as
  the hyperlink would when used without its text but with its shape
  applied to the image. The <code title="attr-area-alt"><a href="#attr-area-alt" id="alt_33">alt</a></code>
  attribute may be left blank if there is another <code><a href="#the-area-element" id="area_13">area</a></code>
  element in the same <a href="#image-map" id="image-map_6">image map</a> that points to the same
  resource and has a non-blank <code title="attr-area-alt"><a href="#attr-area-alt" id="alt_34">alt</a></code>
  attribute.<p>If the <code><a href="#the-area-element" id="area_14">area</a></code> element has no <code title="attr-hyperlink-href"><a href="links.html#attr-hyperlink-href" id="href_18">href</a></code> attribute, then the area
  represented by the element cannot be selected, and the <code title="attr-area-alt"><a href="#attr-area-alt" id="alt_35">alt</a></code> attribute must be omitted.<p>In both cases, the <code title="attr-area-shape"><a href="#attr-area-shape" id="shape_1">shape</a></code> and
  <code title="attr-area-coords"><a href="#attr-area-coords" id="coords_0">coords</a></code> attributes specify the
  area.<p>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-area-shape" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>shape</code></dfn>
  attribute is an <a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#enumerated-attribute" id="enumerated-attribute_4">enumerated attribute</a>. The following
  table lists the keywords defined for this attribute. The states
  given in the first cell of the rows with keywords give the states to
  which those keywords map. <table><thead><tr><th>State
     <th>Keywords
     <th class="removed">&nbsp;<tbody><tr><td rowspan="2"><a href="#attr-area-shape-circle" id="attr-area-shape-circle_0" title="attr-area-shape-circle">Circle state</a>
     <td><dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-area-shape-keyword-circle" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>circle</code></dfn>
     <td class="removed">&nbsp;<tr><td class="removed">&nbsp;<td class="removed">&nbsp;<tr><td><a href="#attr-area-shape-default" id="attr-area-shape-default_0" title="attr-area-shape-default">Default state</a>
     <td><dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-area-shape-keyword-default" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>default</code></dfn>
     <td class="removed">&nbsp;<tr><td rowspan="2"><a href="#attr-area-shape-poly" id="attr-area-shape-poly_0" title="attr-area-shape-poly">Polygon state</a>
     <td><dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-area-shape-keyword-poly" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>poly</code></dfn>
     <td class="removed">&nbsp;<tr><td class="removed">&nbsp;<td class="removed">&nbsp;<tr><td rowspan="2"><a href="#attr-area-shape-rect" id="attr-area-shape-rect_0" title="attr-area-shape-rect">Rectangle state</a>
     <td><dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-area-shape-keyword-rect" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>rect</code></dfn>
     <td class="removed">&nbsp;<tr><td class="removed">&nbsp;<td class="removed">&nbsp;</table><p>The attribute may be omitted. The <i>missing value default</i> is
  the <a href="#attr-area-shape-rect" id="attr-area-shape-rect_1" title="attr-area-shape-rect">rectangle</a> state.<p>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-area-coords" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>coords</code></dfn>
  attribute must, if specified, contain a <a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#valid-list-of-integers" id="valid-list-of-integers_0">valid list of
  integers</a>. This attribute gives the coordinates for the shape
  described by the <code title="attr-area-shape"><a href="#attr-area-shape" id="shape_2">shape</a></code>
  attribute. <p>In the <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-area-shape-circle" role="button" tabindex="0">circle state</dfn>,
  <code><a href="#the-area-element" id="area_15">area</a></code> elements must have a <code title="attr-area-coords"><a href="#attr-area-coords" id="coords_1">coords</a></code> attribute present, with three
  integers, the last of which must be non-negative. The first integer
  must be the distance in CSS pixels from the left edge of the image
  to the center of the circle, the second integer must be the distance
  in CSS pixels from the top edge of the image to the center of the
  circle, and the third integer must be the radius of the circle,
  again in CSS pixels.<p>In the <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-area-shape-default" role="button" tabindex="0">default state</dfn>
  state, <code><a href="#the-area-element" id="area_16">area</a></code> elements must not have a <code title="attr-area-coords"><a href="#attr-area-coords" id="coords_2">coords</a></code> attribute. (The area is the
  whole image.)<p>In the <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-area-shape-poly" role="button" tabindex="0">polygon state</dfn>,
  <code><a href="#the-area-element" id="area_17">area</a></code> elements must have a <code title="attr-area-coords"><a href="#attr-area-coords" id="coords_3">coords</a></code> attribute with at least six
  integers, and the number of integers must be even. Each pair of
  integers must represent a coordinate given as the distances from the
  left and the top of the image in CSS pixels respectively, and all
  the coordinates together must represent the points of the polygon,
  in order.<p>In the <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-area-shape-rect" role="button" tabindex="0">rectangle state</dfn>,
  <code><a href="#the-area-element" id="area_18">area</a></code> elements must have a <code title="attr-area-coords"><a href="#attr-area-coords" id="coords_4">coords</a></code> attribute with exactly four
  integers, the first of which must be less than the third, and the
  second of which must be less than the fourth. The four points must
  represent, respectively, the distance from the left edge of the
  image to the left side of the rectangle, the distance from the
  top edge to the top side, the distance from the left edge to the
  right side, and the distance from the top edge to the bottom side,
  all in CSS pixels.<p>The <code title="attr-hyperlink-target"><a href="links.html#attr-hyperlink-target" id="target_15">target</a></code>,
  <code title="attr-hyperlink-rel"><a href="links.html#attr-hyperlink-rel" id="rel_15">rel</a></code>, <code title="attr-hyperlink-media"><a href="links.html#attr-hyperlink-media" id="media_11">media</a></code>, <code title="attr-hyperlink-hreflang"><a href="links.html#attr-hyperlink-hreflang" id="hreflang_4">hreflang</a></code>, and <code title="attr-hyperlink-type"><a href="links.html#attr-hyperlink-type" id="type_101">type</a></code> attributes must be omitted
  if the <code title="attr-hyperlink-href"><a href="links.html#attr-hyperlink-href" id="href_19">href</a></code> attribute is
  not present.<h4 id="image-maps"><span class="secno">4.8.14 </span>Image maps</h4><p>An <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="image-map" role="button" tabindex="0">image map</dfn> allows geometric areas on an image to be
  associated with <a href="links.html#hyperlink" id="hyperlink_11" title="hyperlink">hyperlinks</a>.<p>An image, in the form of an <code><a href="the-img-element.html#the-img-element" id="img_23">img</a></code> element or an
  <code><a href="the-object-element.html#the-object-element" id="object_23">object</a></code> element representing an image, may be associated
  with an image map (in the form of a <code><a href="the-map-element.html#the-map-element" id="map_10">map</a></code> element) by
  specifying a <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-hyperlink-usemap" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>usemap</code></dfn> attribute on
  the <code><a href="the-img-element.html#the-img-element" id="img_24">img</a></code> or <code><a href="the-object-element.html#the-object-element" id="object_24">object</a></code> element. The <code title="attr-hyperlink-usemap"><a href="#attr-hyperlink-usemap" id="usemap_7">usemap</a></code> attribute, if specified,
  must be a <a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#valid-hash-name-reference" id="valid-hash-name-reference_0">valid hash-name reference</a> to a
  <code><a href="the-map-element.html#the-map-element" id="map_11">map</a></code> element.<div class="example">

   <p>Consider an image that looks as follows:</p>

   <p><img alt="A line with four shapes in it, equally spaced: a red hollow box, a green circle, a blue triangle, and a yellow four-pointed star." height="150" src="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/images/sample-usemap.png" width="600"></p>

   <p>If we wanted just the colored areas to be clickable, we could
   do it as follows:</p>

   <pre>&lt;p&gt;
 Please select a shape:
 &lt;img src="shapes.png" usemap="#shapes"
      alt="Four shapes are available: a red hollow box, a green circle, a blue triangle, and a yellow four-pointed star."&gt;
 &lt;map name="shapes"&gt;
  &lt;area shape=rect coords="50,50,100,100"&gt; &lt;!-- the hole in the red box --&gt;
  &lt;area shape=rect coords="25,25,125,125" href="red.html" alt="Red box."&gt;
  &lt;area shape=circle coords="200,75,50" href="green.html" alt="Green circle."&gt;
  &lt;area shape=poly coords="325,25,262,125,388,125" href="blue.html" alt="Blue triangle."&gt;
  &lt;area shape=poly coords="450,25,435,60,400,75,435,90,450,125,465,90,500,75,465,60"
        href="yellow.html" alt="Yellow star."&gt;
 &lt;/map&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;</pre>

  </div><h4 id="mathml"><span class="secno">4.8.15 </span>MathML</h4><p>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="math" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>math</code></dfn> element from the <a href="urls.html#mathml-namespace" id="mathml-namespace_0">MathML
  namespace</a> falls into the <a href="content-models.html#embedded-content" id="embedded-content_22">embedded content</a>,
  <a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_127">phrasing content</a>, and <a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_109">flow content</a>
  categories for the purposes of the content models in this
  specification.<p>The semantics of MathML elements are defined by the MathML
  specification and <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/infrastructure.html#other-applicable-specifications" title='Read about this "other applicable specifications" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>other applicable specifications</a>. <a href="references.html#refsMATHML">[MATHML]</a><div class="example">

   <p>Here is an example of the use of MathML in an HTML document:</p>

   <pre>&lt;!DOCTYPE html&gt;
&lt;html&gt;
 &lt;head&gt;
  &lt;title&gt;The quadratic formula&lt;/title&gt;
 &lt;/head&gt;
 &lt;body&gt;
  &lt;h1&gt;The quadratic formula&lt;/h1&gt;
  &lt;p&gt;
   &lt;math&gt;
    &lt;mi&gt;x&lt;/mi&gt;
    &lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;
    &lt;mfrac&gt;
     &lt;mrow&gt;
      &lt;mo form="prefix"&gt;&minus;&lt;/mo&gt; &lt;mi&gt;b&lt;/mi&gt;
      &lt;mo&gt;&plusmn;&lt;/mo&gt;
      &lt;msqrt&gt;
       &lt;msup&gt; &lt;mi&gt;b&lt;/mi&gt; &lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt; &lt;/msup&gt;
       &lt;mo&gt;&minus;&lt;/mo&gt;
       &lt;mn&gt;4&lt;/mn&gt; &lt;mo&gt;&#8290;&lt;/mo&gt; &lt;mi&gt;a&lt;/mi&gt; &lt;mo&gt;&#8290;&lt;/mo&gt; &lt;mi&gt;c&lt;/mi&gt;
      &lt;/msqrt&gt;
     &lt;/mrow&gt;
     &lt;mrow&gt;
      &lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt; &lt;mo&gt;&#8290;&lt;/mo&gt; &lt;mi&gt;a&lt;/mi&gt;
     &lt;/mrow&gt;
    &lt;/mfrac&gt;
   &lt;/math&gt;
  &lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/body&gt;
&lt;/html&gt;</pre>

  </div><h4 id="svg-0"><span class="secno">4.8.16 </span>SVG</h4><p>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="svg" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>svg</code></dfn> element from the <a href="urls.html#svg-namespace" id="svg-namespace_0">SVG
  namespace</a> falls into the <a href="content-models.html#embedded-content" id="embedded-content_23">embedded content</a>,
  <a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_128">phrasing content</a>, and <a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_110">flow content</a>
  categories for the purposes of the content models in this
  specification.<p>When the SVG <code title="">foreignObject</code> element contains
  elements from the <a href="urls.html#html-namespace-0" id="html-namespace_3">HTML namespace</a>, such elements must
  all be <a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_111">flow content</a>. <a href="references.html#refsSVG">[SVG]</a><p>The content model for <code title="">title</code> elements in the
  <a href="urls.html#svg-namespace" id="svg-namespace_1">SVG namespace</a> inside <a href="dom.html#html-documents" id="html-documents_23">HTML documents</a> is
  <a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_129">phrasing content</a>. (This further constrains the
  requirements given in the SVG specification.)<p>The semantics of SVG elements are defined by the SVG
  specification and <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/infrastructure.html#other-applicable-specifications" title='Read about this "other applicable specifications" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>other applicable specifications</a>. <a href="references.html#refsSVG">[SVG]</a><p>The SVG specification includes requirements regarding the
  handling of elements in the DOM that are not in the SVG namespace,
  that are in SVG fragments, and that are not included in a
  <code title="">foreignObject</code> element. <em>This</em>
  specification does not define any processing for elements in SVG
  fragments that are not in the HTML namespace; they are considered
  neither conforming nor non-conforming from the perspective of this
  specification.<h4 id="dimension-attributes"><span class="secno">4.8.17 </span><dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0">Dimension attributes</dfn></h4><p>
  The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-dim-width" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>width</code></dfn> and <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-dim-height" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>height</code></dfn> attributes on
  <code><a href="the-img-element.html#the-img-element" id="img_25">img</a></code>, <code><a href="the-iframe-element.html#the-iframe-element" id="iframe_37">iframe</a></code>, <code><a href="the-embed-element.html#the-embed-element" id="embed_11">embed</a></code>,
  <code><a href="the-object-element.html#the-object-element" id="object_25">object</a></code>, <code><a href="the-video-element.html#the-video-element" id="video_28">video</a></code>, and, when their <code title="attr-input-type"><a href="the-input-element.html#attr-input-type" id="type_56">type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href="number-state.html#image-button-state" id="attr-input-type-image_0" title="attr-input-type-image">Image Button</a> state,
  <code><a href="the-input-element.html#the-input-element" id="input_45">input</a></code> elements may be specified to give the dimensions
  of the visual content of the element (the width and height
  respectively, relative to the nominal direction of the output
  medium), in CSS pixels. The attributes, if specified, must have
  values that are <a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#valid-non-negative-integer" id="valid-non-negative-integer_4" title="valid non-negative integer">valid
  non-negative integers</a>.<p>The specified dimensions given may differ from the dimensions
  specified in the resource itself, since the resource may have a
  resolution that differs from the CSS pixel resolution. (On screens,
  CSS pixels have a resolution of 96ppi, but in general the CSS pixel
  resolution depends on the reading distance.) If both attributes are
  specified, then one of the following statements must be true:<ul><li><span title=""><var title="">specified width</var> - 0.5 &le;
             <var title="">specified height</var> * <var title="">target ratio</var> &le;
             <var title="">specified width</var> + 0.5</span></li>

   <li><span title=""><var title="">specified height</var> - 0.5 &le;
             <var title="">specified width</var> / <var title="">target ratio</var> &le;
             <var title="">specified height</var> + 0.5</span></li>

   <li><span title=""><var title="">specified height</var> = <var title="">specified width</var> = 0</span></li>

  </ul><p>The <var title="">target ratio</var> is the ratio of the
  intrinsic width to the intrinsic height in the resource. The <var title="">specified width</var> and <var title="">specified
  height</var> are the values of the <code title="attr-dim-width"><a href="#attr-dim-width" id="width_9">width</a></code> and <code title="attr-dim-height"><a href="#attr-dim-height" id="height_9">height</a></code> attributes respectively.<p>The two attributes must be omitted if the resource in question
  does not have both an intrinsic width and an intrinsic height.<p>If the two attributes are both zero, it indicates that the
  element is not intended for the user (e.g. it might be a part of a
  service to count page views).<p class="note">The dimension attributes are not intended to be used
  to stretch the image.
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</script><link href="the-select-element.html" rel="prev" title="4.10.9 The select element">
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   <h1>HTML5 <span class="edition">Edition for Web Authors</span> <span class="rcsrevision">revision 1.4918</span></h1>
   </div><div>
   <a href="the-select-element.html">&larr; 4.10.9 The select element</a> &ndash;
   <a href="Overview.html#contents">Table of contents</a> &ndash;
   <a href="the-optgroup-element.html">4.10.11 The optgroup element &rarr;</a>
  </div>

  <h4 id="the-datalist-element"><span class="secno">4.10.10 </span>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>datalist</code></dfn> element</h4><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_127">Flow content</a>.</dd>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_143">Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Contexts in which this element can be used:</dt>
   <dd>Where <a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_144">phrasing content</a> is expected.</dd>
   <dt>Content model:</dt>
   <dd>Either: <a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_145">phrasing content</a>.</dd>
   <dd>Or: Zero or more <code><a href="the-option-element.html#the-option-element" id="option_18">option</a></code> elements.</dd>
   <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
   <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes" id="global-attributes_91">Global attributes</a></dd>
   <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
   <dd>
<pre class="idl">interface <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="htmldatalistelement" role="button" tabindex="0">HTMLDataListElement</dfn> : <a href="elements.html#htmlelement" id="htmlelement_102">HTMLElement</a> {
  readonly attribute <a href="urls.html#htmlcollection" id="htmlcollection_34">HTMLCollection</a> <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-button-element.html#dom-datalist-options" title='Read about this "options" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>options</a>;
};</pre>
   </dd>
  </dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-datalist-element" id="datalist_13">datalist</a></code> element represents a set of
  <code><a href="the-option-element.html#the-option-element" id="option_19">option</a></code> elements that represent predefined options for
  other controls. The contents of the element represents fallback
  content for legacy user agents, intermixed with <code><a href="the-option-element.html#the-option-element" id="option_20">option</a></code>
  elements that represent the predefined options. In the rendering,
  the <code><a href="#the-datalist-element" id="datalist_14">datalist</a></code> element <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/rendering.html#represents" title='Read about this "represents" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>represents</a>
  nothing.<p>The <code><a href="#the-datalist-element" id="datalist_15">datalist</a></code> element is hooked up to an
  <code><a href="the-input-element.html#the-input-element" id="input_121">input</a></code> element using the <code title="attr-input-list"><a href="common-input-element-attributes.html#attr-input-list" id="list_29">list</a></code> attribute on the
  <code><a href="the-input-element.html#the-input-element" id="input_122">input</a></code> element.<p>Each <code><a href="the-option-element.html#the-option-element" id="option_21">option</a></code> element that is a descendant of the
  <code><a href="#the-datalist-element" id="datalist_16">datalist</a></code> element, that is not <a href="the-option-element.html#concept-option-disabled" id="concept-option-disabled_0" title="concept-option-disabled">disabled</a>, and whose <a href="the-option-element.html#concept-option-value" id="concept-option-value_1" title="concept-option-value">value</a> is a string that isn't the
  empty string, represents a suggestion. Each suggestion has a <a href="the-option-element.html#concept-option-value" id="concept-option-value_2" title="concept-option-value">value</a> and a <a href="the-option-element.html#concept-option-label" id="concept-option-label_0" title="concept-option-label">label</a>.

  <dl class="domintro"><dt><var title="">datalist</var> . <code title="dom-datalist-options"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/the-button-element.html#dom-datalist-options" title='Read about this "options" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>options</a></code></dt>

   <dd>
    <p>Returns an <code><a href="urls.html#htmlcollection" id="htmlcollection_35">HTMLCollection</a></code> of the <code>options</code> elements of the table.</p>
   </dd>

  </dl>
--- NEW FILE: the-mark-element.html ---
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   <a href="the-u-element.html">&larr; 4.6.18 The u element</a> &ndash;
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   <a href="the-ruby-element.html">4.6.20 The ruby element &rarr;</a>
  </div>

  <h4 id="the-mark-element"><span class="secno">4.6.19 </span>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>mark</code></dfn> element</h4><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_85">Flow content</a>.</dd>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_82">Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Contexts in which this element can be used:</dt>
   <dd>Where <a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_83">phrasing content</a> is expected.</dd>
   <dt>Content model:</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_84">Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
   <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes" id="global-attributes_50">Global attributes</a></dd>
   <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
   <dd>Uses <code><a href="elements.html#htmlelement" id="htmlelement_56">HTMLElement</a></code>.</dd>
  </dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-mark-element" id="mark_3">mark</a></code> element <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/rendering.html#represents" title='Read about this "represents" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>represents</a> a run of
  text in one document marked or highlighted for reference purposes,
  due to its relevance in another context. When used in a quotation or
  other block of text referred to from the prose, it indicates a
  highlight that was not originally present but which has been added
  to bring the reader's attention to a part of the text that might not
  have been considered important by the original author when the block
  was originally written, but which is now under previously unexpected
  scrutiny. When used in the main prose of a document, it indicates a
  part of the document that has been highlighted due to its likely
  relevance to the user's current activity.<div class="example">
   <p>This example shows how the <code><a href="#the-mark-element" id="mark_4">mark</a></code> element can be used
   to bring attention to a particular part of a quotation:</p>
   <pre>&lt;p lang="en-US"&gt;Consider the following quote:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;blockquote lang="en-GB"&gt;
 &lt;p&gt;Look around and you will find, no-one's really
 &lt;mark&gt;colour&lt;/mark&gt; blind.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;
&lt;p lang="en-US"&gt;As we can tell from the &lt;em&gt;spelling&lt;/em&gt; of the word,
the person writing this quote is clearly not American.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
   <p>(If the goal was to mark the element as misspelt, however, the
   <code><a href="the-u-element.html#the-u-element" id="u_5">u</a></code> element, possibly with a class, would be more
   appropriate.</p>
  </div><div class="example">

   <p>Another example of the <code><a href="#the-mark-element" id="mark_5">mark</a></code> element is highlighting
   parts of a document that are matching some search string. If
   someone looked at a document, and the server knew that the user was
   searching for the word "kitten", then the server might return the
   document with one paragraph modified as follows:</p>

   <pre>&lt;p&gt;I also have some &lt;mark&gt;kitten&lt;/mark&gt;s who are visiting me
these days. They're really cute. I think they like my garden! Maybe I
should adopt a &lt;mark&gt;kitten&lt;/mark&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>

  </div><div class="example">

   <p>In the following snippet, a paragraph of text refers to a
   specific part of a code fragment.</p>

   <pre>&lt;p&gt;The highlighted part below is where the error lies:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;var i: Integer;
begin
   i := &lt;mark&gt;1.1&lt;/mark&gt;;
end.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;</pre>

   <p>This is separate from <em>syntax highlighting</em>, for which
   <code><a href="the-span-element.html#the-span-element" id="span_7">span</a></code> is more appropriate. Combining both, one would
   get:</p>

   <pre>&lt;p&gt;The highlighted part below is where the error lies:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;span class=keyword&gt;var&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=ident&gt;i&lt;/span&gt;: &lt;span class=type&gt;Integer&lt;/span&gt;;
&lt;span class=keyword&gt;begin&lt;/span&gt;
   &lt;span class=ident&gt;i&lt;/span&gt; := &lt;span class=literal&gt;&lt;mark&gt;1.1&lt;/mark&gt;&lt;/span&gt;;
&lt;span class=keyword&gt;end&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;</pre>

  </div><div class="example">

   <p>This is another example showing the use of <code><a href="#the-mark-element" id="mark_6">mark</a></code> to
   highlight a part of quoted text that was originally not
   emphasized. In this example, common typographic conventions have
   led the author to explicitly style <code><a href="#the-mark-element" id="mark_7">mark</a></code> elements in
   quotes to render in italics.</p>

   <pre>&lt;article&gt;
 &lt;style scoped&gt;
  blockquote mark, q mark {
    font: inherit; font-style: italic;
    text-decoration: none;
    background: transparent; color: inherit;
  }
  .bubble em {
    font: inherit; font-size: larger;
    text-decoration: underline;
  }
 &lt;/style&gt;
 &lt;h1&gt;She knew&lt;/h1&gt;
 &lt;p&gt;Did you notice the subtle joke in the joke on panel 4?&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;blockquote&gt;
  &lt;p class="bubble"&gt;I didn't &lt;em&gt;want&lt;/em&gt; to believe. &lt;mark&gt;Of course
  on some level I realized it was a known-plaintext attack.&lt;/mark&gt; But I
  couldn't admit it until I saw for myself.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/blockquote&gt;
 &lt;p&gt;(Emphasis mine.) I thought that was great. It's so pedantic, yet it
 explains everything neatly.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/article&gt;</pre>

   <p>Note, incidentally, the distinction between the <code><a href="the-em-element.html#the-em-element" id="em_10">em</a></code>
   element in this example, which is part of the original text being
   quoted, and the <code><a href="#the-mark-element" id="mark_8">mark</a></code> element, which is highlighting a
   part for comment.</p>

  </div><div class="example">

   <p>The following example shows the difference between denoting the
   <em>importance</em> of a span of text (<code><a href="the-strong-element.html#the-strong-element" id="strong_10">strong</a></code>) as
   opposed to denoting the <em>relevance</em> of a span of text
   (<code><a href="#the-mark-element" id="mark_9">mark</a></code>). It is an extract from a textbook, where the
   extract has had the parts relevant to the exam highlighted. The
   safety warnings, important though they may be, are apparently not
   relevant to the exam.</p>

   <pre>&lt;h3&gt;Wormhole Physics Introduction&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;mark&gt;A wormhole in normal conditions can be held open for a
maximum of just under 39 minutes.&lt;/mark&gt; Conditions that can increase
the time include a powerful energy source coupled to one or both of
the gates connecting the wormhole, and a large gravity well (such as a
black hole).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;mark&gt;Momentum is preserved across the wormhole. Electromagnetic
radiation can travel in both directions through a wormhole,
but matter cannot.&lt;/mark&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;When a wormhole is created, a vortex normally forms.
&lt;strong&gt;Warning: The vortex caused by the wormhole opening will
annihilate anything in its path.&lt;/strong&gt; Vortexes can be avoided when
using sufficiently advanced dialing technology.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;mark&gt;An obstruction in a gate will prevent it from accepting a
wormhole connection.&lt;/mark&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</pre>

  </div>
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</script><link href="the-q-element.html" rel="prev" title="4.6.7 The q element">
  <link href="Overview.html#contents" rel="index" title="Table of contents">
  <link href="the-abbr-element.html" rel="next" title="4.6.9 The abbr element">
  <body class="split chapter" onload="fixBrokenLink(); init()"><div class="head" id="head">
   <p><a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img alt="W3C" height="48" src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" width="72"></a></p>

   <h1>HTML5 <span class="edition">Edition for Web Authors</span> <span class="rcsrevision">revision 1.4918</span></h1>
   </div><div>
   <a href="the-q-element.html">&larr; 4.6.7 The q element</a> &ndash;
   <a href="Overview.html#contents">Table of contents</a> &ndash;
   <a href="the-abbr-element.html">4.6.9 The abbr element &rarr;</a>
  </div>

  <h4 id="the-dfn-element"><span class="secno">4.6.8 </span>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>dfn</code></dfn> element</h4><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_74">Flow content</a>.</dd>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_49">Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Contexts in which this element can be used:</dt>
   <dd>Where <a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_50">phrasing content</a> is expected.</dd>
   <dt>Content model:</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_51">Phrasing content</a>, but there must be no <code><a href="#the-dfn-element" id="dfn_4">dfn</a></code> element descendants.</dd>
   <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
   <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes" id="global-attributes_39">Global attributes</a></dd>
   <dd>Also, the <code title="attr-dfn-title"><a href="#attr-dfn-title" id="title_64">title</a></code> attribute has special semantics on this element.</dd>
   <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
   <dd>Uses <code><a href="elements.html#htmlelement" id="htmlelement_45">HTMLElement</a></code>.</dd>
  </dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-dfn-element" id="dfn_5">dfn</a></code> element <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/rendering.html#represents" title='Read about this "represents" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>represents</a> the defining
  instance of a term. The <a href="content-models.html#paragraph" id="paragraph_7" title="paragraph">paragraph</a>,
  <a href="the-dl-element.html#the-dl-element" id="dl_12" title="dl">description list group</a>, or <a href="content-models.html#sectioning-content" id="sectioning-content_19" title="sectioning content">section</a> that is the nearest
  ancestor of the <code><a href="#the-dfn-element" id="dfn_6">dfn</a></code> element must also contain the
  definition(s) for the <a href="#defining-term" id="defining-term_0" title="defining term">term</a> given
  by the <code><a href="#the-dfn-element" id="dfn_7">dfn</a></code> element.<p><dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="defining-term" role="button" tabindex="0">Defining term</dfn>: If the <code><a href="#the-dfn-element" id="dfn_8">dfn</a></code> element has a
  <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="attr-dfn-title" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>title</code></dfn> attribute, then
  the exact value of that attribute is the term being defined.
  Otherwise, if it contains exactly one element child node and no
  child <a href="infrastructure.html#text-node" id="text-node_13" title="text node">text nodes</a>, and that child
  element is an <code><a href="the-abbr-element.html#the-abbr-element" id="abbr_2">abbr</a></code> element with a <code title="attr-abbr-title"><a href="the-abbr-element.html#attr-abbr-title" id="title_66">title</a></code> attribute, then the exact value
  of <em>that</em> attribute is the term being defined. Otherwise, it
  is the exact <code><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/infrastructure.html#textcontent" title='Read about this "textContent" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>textContent</a></code> of the <code><a href="#the-dfn-element" id="dfn_9">dfn</a></code>
  element that gives the term being defined.<p>If the <code title="attr-dfn-title"><a href="#attr-dfn-title" id="title_65">title</a></code> attribute of the
  <code><a href="#the-dfn-element" id="dfn_10">dfn</a></code> element is present, then it must contain only the
  term being defined.<p class="note">The <code title="attr-title"><a href="elements.html#the-title-attribute" id="title_10">title</a></code> attribute
  of ancestor elements does not affect <code><a href="#the-dfn-element" id="dfn_11">dfn</a></code> elements.<p>An <code><a href="the-a-element.html#the-a-element" id="a_17">a</a></code> element that links to a <code><a href="#the-dfn-element" id="dfn_12">dfn</a></code>
  element represents an instance of the term defined by the
  <code><a href="#the-dfn-element" id="dfn_13">dfn</a></code> element.<div class="example">

   <p>In the following fragment, the term "GDO" is first defined in
   the first paragraph, then used in the second.</p>

   <pre>&lt;p&gt;The &lt;dfn&gt;&lt;abbr title="Garage Door Opener"&gt;GDO&lt;/abbr&gt;&lt;/dfn&gt;
is a device that allows off-world teams to open the iris.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;!-- ... later in the document: --&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Teal'c activated his &lt;abbr title="Garage Door Opener"&gt;GDO&lt;/abbr&gt;
and so Hammond ordered the iris to be opened.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>

   <p>With the addition of an <code><a href="the-a-element.html#the-a-element" id="a_18">a</a></code> element, the reference
   can be made explicit:</p>

   <pre>&lt;p&gt;The &lt;dfn id=gdo&gt;&lt;abbr title="Garage Door Opener"&gt;GDO&lt;/abbr&gt;&lt;/dfn&gt;
is a device that allows off-world teams to open the iris.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;!-- ... later in the document: --&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Teal'c activated his &lt;a href=#gdo&gt;&lt;abbr title="Garage Door Opener"&gt;GDO&lt;/abbr&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
and so Hammond ordered the iris to be opened.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>

  </div>
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</script><link href="the-hgroup-element.html" rel="prev" title="4.4.7 The hgroup element">
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  <body class="split chapter" onload="fixBrokenLink(); init()"><div class="head" id="head">
   <p><a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img alt="W3C" height="48" src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" width="72"></a></p>

   <h1>HTML5 <span class="edition">Edition for Web Authors</span> <span class="rcsrevision">revision 1.4918</span></h1>
   </div><div>
   <a href="the-hgroup-element.html">&larr; 4.4.7 The hgroup element</a> &ndash;
   <a href="Overview.html#contents">Table of contents</a> &ndash;
   <a href="the-footer-element.html">4.4.9 The footer element &rarr;</a>
  </div>

  <h4 id="the-header-element"><span class="secno">4.4.8 </span>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>header</code></dfn> element</h4><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_30">Flow content</a>.</dd>
   <dd><a href="dnd.html#formatblock-candidate" id="formatblock-candidate_6"><code title="">formatBlock</code> candidate</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Contexts in which this element can be used:</dt>
   <dd>Where <a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_31">flow content</a> is expected.</dd>
   <dt>Content model:</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_32">Flow content</a>, but with no <code><a href="#the-header-element" id="header_2">header</a></code> or
   <code><a href="the-footer-element.html#the-footer-element" id="footer_5">footer</a></code> element descendants.</dd>
   <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
   <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes" id="global-attributes_16">Global attributes</a></dd>
   <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
   <dd>Uses <code><a href="elements.html#htmlelement" id="htmlelement_23">HTMLElement</a></code>.</dd>
  </dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-header-element" id="header_3">header</a></code> element <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/rendering.html#represents" title='Read about this "represents" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>represents</a> a group
  of introductory or navigational aids.<p class="note">A <code><a href="#the-header-element" id="header_4">header</a></code> element is intended to usually
  contain the section's heading (an
  <code><a href="the-h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-and-h6-elements.html#the-h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-and-h6-elements" id="h1_12">h1</a></code>&ndash;<code><a href="the-h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-and-h6-elements.html#the-h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-and-h6-elements" id="h6_7">h6</a></code> element or an
  <code><a href="the-hgroup-element.html#the-hgroup-element" id="hgroup_19">hgroup</a></code> element), but this is not required. The
  <code><a href="#the-header-element" id="header_5">header</a></code> element can also be used to wrap a section's
  table of contents, a search form, or any relevant logos.<div class="example">

  <p>Here are some sample headers. This first one is for a game:</p>

   <pre>&lt;header&gt;
 &lt;p&gt;Welcome to...&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;h1&gt;Voidwars!&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;/header&gt;</pre>

   <p>The following snippet shows how the element can be used to mark
   up a specification's header:</p>

   <pre>&lt;header&gt;
 &lt;hgroup&gt;
  &lt;h1&gt;Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) 1.2&lt;/h1&gt;
  &lt;h2&gt;W3C Working Draft 27 October 2004&lt;/h2&gt;
 &lt;/hgroup&gt;
 &lt;dl&gt;
  &lt;dt&gt;This version:&lt;/dt&gt;
  &lt;dd&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/WD-SVG12-20041027/"&gt;http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/WD-SVG12-20041027/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dd&gt;
  &lt;dt&gt;Previous version:&lt;/dt&gt;
  &lt;dd&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/WD-SVG12-20040510/"&gt;http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/WD-SVG12-20040510/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dd&gt;
  &lt;dt&gt;Latest version of SVG 1.2:&lt;/dt&gt;
  &lt;dd&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG12/"&gt;http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG12/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dd&gt;
  &lt;dt&gt;Latest SVG Recommendation:&lt;/dt&gt;
  &lt;dd&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG/"&gt;http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dd&gt;
  &lt;dt&gt;Editor:&lt;/dt&gt;
  &lt;dd&gt;Dean Jackson, W3C, &lt;a href="mailto:dean@w3.org"&gt;dean@w3.org&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dd&gt;
  &lt;dt&gt;Authors:&lt;/dt&gt;
  &lt;dd&gt;See &lt;a href="#authors"&gt;Author List&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dd&gt;
 &lt;/dl&gt;
 &lt;p class="copyright"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notic <em>...</em>
&lt;/header&gt;</pre>

  </div><p class="note">The <code><a href="#the-header-element" id="header_6">header</a></code> element is not
  <a href="content-models.html#sectioning-content" id="sectioning-content_8">sectioning content</a>; it doesn't introduce a new
  section.<div class="example">

  <p>In this example, the page has a page heading given by the
  <code><a href="the-h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-and-h6-elements.html#the-h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-and-h6-elements" id="h1_13">h1</a></code> element, and two subsections whose headings are
  given by <code><a href="the-h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-and-h6-elements.html#the-h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-and-h6-elements" id="h2_5">h2</a></code> elements. The content after the
  <code><a href="#the-header-element" id="header_7">header</a></code> element is still part of the last subsection
  started in the <code><a href="#the-header-element" id="header_8">header</a></code> element, because the
  <code><a href="#the-header-element" id="header_9">header</a></code> element doesn't take part in the
  <a href="the-address-element.html#outline" id="outline_4">outline</a> algorithm.</p>

   <pre>&lt;body&gt;
 &lt;header&gt;
  &lt;h1&gt;Little Green Guys With Guns&lt;/h1&gt;
  &lt;nav&gt;
   &lt;ul&gt;
    &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="/games"&gt;Games&lt;/a&gt;
    &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="/forum"&gt;Forum&lt;/a&gt;
    &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="/download"&gt;Download&lt;/a&gt;
   &lt;/ul&gt;
  &lt;/nav&gt;
  &lt;h2&gt;Important News&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;!-- this starts a second subsection --&gt;
  &lt;!-- this is part of the subsection entitled "Important News" --&gt;
  &lt;p&gt;To play today's games you will need to update your client.&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;h2&gt;Games&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;!-- this starts a third subsection --&gt;
 &lt;/header&gt;
 &lt;p&gt;You have three active games:&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;!-- this is still part of the subsection entitled "Games" --&gt;
 ...</pre>

  </div>
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   <a href="the-i-element.html">4.6.16 The i element &rarr;</a>
  </div>

  <h4 id="the-sub-and-sup-elements"><span class="secno">4.6.15 </span>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>sub</code></dfn> and <dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>sup</code></dfn> elements</h4><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_81">Flow content</a>.</dd>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_70">Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Contexts in which this element can be used:</dt>
   <dd>Where <a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_71">phrasing content</a> is expected.</dd>
   <dt>Content model:</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_72">Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
   <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes" id="global-attributes_46">Global attributes</a></dd>
   <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
   <dd>Use <code><a href="elements.html#htmlelement" id="htmlelement_52">HTMLElement</a></code>.</dd>
  </dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-sub-and-sup-elements" id="sup_1">sup</a></code> element <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/rendering.html#represents" title='Read about this "represents" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>represents</a> a
  superscript and the <code><a href="#the-sub-and-sup-elements" id="sub_1">sub</a></code> element <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/rendering.html#represents" title='Read about this "represents" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>represents</a>
  a subscript.<p>These elements must be used only to mark up typographical
  conventions with specific meanings, not for typographical
  presentation for presentation's sake. For example, it would be
  inappropriate for the <code><a href="#the-sub-and-sup-elements" id="sub_2">sub</a></code> and <code><a href="#the-sub-and-sup-elements" id="sup_2">sup</a></code> elements
  to be used in the name of the LaTeX document preparation system. In
  general, authors should use these elements only if the
  <em>absence</em> of those elements would change the meaning of the
  content.<p>In certain languages, superscripts are part of the typographical
  conventions for some abbreviations.<div class="example">
   <pre>&lt;p&gt;The most beautiful women are
&lt;span lang="fr"&gt;&lt;abbr&gt;M&lt;sup&gt;lle&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/abbr&gt; Gwendoline&lt;/span&gt; and
&lt;span lang="fr"&gt;&lt;abbr&gt;M&lt;sup&gt;me&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/abbr&gt; Denise&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
  </div><p>The <code><a href="#the-sub-and-sup-elements" id="sub_3">sub</a></code> element can be used inside a
  <code><a href="the-var-element.html#the-var-element" id="var_4">var</a></code> element, for variables that have subscripts.<div class="example">

   <p>Here, the <code><a href="#the-sub-and-sup-elements" id="sub_4">sub</a></code> element is used to represents the
   subscript that identifies the variable in a family of
   variables:</p>

   <pre>&lt;p&gt;The coordinate of the &lt;var&gt;i&lt;/var&gt;th point is
(&lt;var&gt;x&lt;sub&gt;&lt;var&gt;i&lt;/var&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/var&gt;, &lt;var&gt;y&lt;sub&gt;&lt;var&gt;i&lt;/var&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/var&gt;).
For example, the 10th point has coordinate
(&lt;var&gt;x&lt;sub&gt;10&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/var&gt;, &lt;var&gt;y&lt;sub&gt;10&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/var&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
  </div><p>Mathematical expressions often use subscripts and superscripts.
  Authors are encouraged to use MathML for marking up mathematics, but
  authors may opt to use <code><a href="#the-sub-and-sup-elements" id="sub_5">sub</a></code> and <code><a href="#the-sub-and-sup-elements" id="sup_3">sup</a></code> if
  detailed mathematical markup is not desired. <a href="references.html#refsMATHML">[MATHML]</a><div class="example">
   <pre>&lt;var&gt;E&lt;/var&gt;=&lt;var&gt;m&lt;/var&gt;&lt;var&gt;c&lt;/var&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;</pre>
   <pre>f(&lt;var&gt;x&lt;/var&gt;, &lt;var&gt;n&lt;/var&gt;) = log&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;var&gt;x&lt;/var&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;var&gt;n&lt;/var&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;</pre>
  </div>
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   <h1>HTML5 <span class="edition">Edition for Web Authors</span> <span class="rcsrevision">revision 1.4918</span></h1>
   </div><div>
   <a href="the-sub-and-sup-elements.html">&larr; 4.6.15 The sub and sup elements</a> &ndash;
   <a href="Overview.html#contents">Table of contents</a> &ndash;
   <a href="the-b-element.html">4.6.17 The b element &rarr;</a>
  </div>

  <h4 id="the-i-element"><span class="secno">4.6.16 </span>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>i</code></dfn> element</h4><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_82">Flow content</a>.</dd>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_73">Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Contexts in which this element can be used:</dt>
   <dd>Where <a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_74">phrasing content</a> is expected.</dd>
   <dt>Content model:</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_75">Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
   <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes" id="global-attributes_47">Global attributes</a></dd>
   <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
   <dd>Uses <code><a href="elements.html#htmlelement" id="htmlelement_53">HTMLElement</a></code>.</dd>
  </dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-i-element" id="i_14">i</a></code> element <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/rendering.html#represents" title='Read about this "represents" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>represents</a> a span of text
  in an alternate voice or mood, or otherwise offset from the normal
  prose in a manner indicating a different quality of text, such as a
  taxonomic designation, a technical term, an idiomatic phrase from
  another language, a thought, or a ship name in Western texts.<p>Terms in languages different from the main text should be
  annotated with <code title="attr-lang"><a href="elements.html#attr-lang" id="lang_7">lang</a></code> attributes (or,
  in XML, <a href="elements.html#attr-xml-lang" id="attr-xml-lang_4" title="attr-xml-lang"><code title="">lang</code>
  attributes in the <span>XML namespace</span></a>).<div class="example">
   <p>The examples below show uses of the <code><a href="#the-i-element" id="i_15">i</a></code> element:</p>
   <pre>&lt;p&gt;The &lt;i class="taxonomy"&gt;Felis silvestris catus&lt;/i&gt; is cute.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The term &lt;i&gt;prose content&lt;/i&gt; is defined above.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There is a certain &lt;i lang="fr"&gt;je ne sais quoi&lt;/i&gt; in the air.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
   <p>In the following example, a dream sequence is marked up using
   <code><a href="#the-i-element" id="i_16">i</a></code> elements.</p>
   <pre>&lt;p&gt;Raymond tried to sleep.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;The ship sailed away on Thursday&lt;/i&gt;, he
dreamt. &lt;i&gt;The ship had many people aboard, including a beautiful
princess called Carey. He watched her, day-in, day-out, hoping she
would notice him, but she never did.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Finally one night he picked up the courage to speak with
her&mdash;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Raymond woke with a start as the fire alarm rang out.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
  </div><p>Authors can use the <code title="attr-class"><a href="elements.html#classes" id="class_5">class</a></code>
  attribute on the <code><a href="#the-i-element" id="i_17">i</a></code> element to identify why the element
  is being used, so that if the style of a particular use (e.g. dream
  sequences as opposed to taxonomic terms) is to be changed at a later
  date, the author doesn't have to go through the entire document (or
  series of related documents) annotating each use.<p>Authors are encouraged to consider whether other elements might
  be more applicable than the <code><a href="#the-i-element" id="i_18">i</a></code> element, for instance the
  <code><a href="the-em-element.html#the-em-element" id="em_7">em</a></code> element for marking up stress emphasis, or the
  <code><a href="the-dfn-element.html#the-dfn-element" id="dfn_14">dfn</a></code> element to mark up the defining instance of a
  term.<p class="note">Style sheets can be used to format <code><a href="#the-i-element" id="i_19">i</a></code>
  elements, just like any other element can be restyled. Thus, it is
  not the case that content in <code><a href="#the-i-element" id="i_20">i</a></code> elements will
  necessarily be italicized.
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</script><link href="the-var-element.html" rel="prev" title="4.6.12 The var element">
  <link href="Overview.html#contents" rel="index" title="Table of contents">
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  <body class="split chapter" onload="fixBrokenLink(); init()"><div class="head" id="head">
   <p><a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img alt="W3C" height="48" src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" width="72"></a></p>

   <h1>HTML5 <span class="edition">Edition for Web Authors</span> <span class="rcsrevision">revision 1.4918</span></h1>
   </div><div>
   <a href="the-var-element.html">&larr; 4.6.12 The var element</a> &ndash;
   <a href="Overview.html#contents">Table of contents</a> &ndash;
   <a href="the-kbd-element.html">4.6.14 The kbd element &rarr;</a>
  </div>

  <h4 id="the-samp-element"><span class="secno">4.6.13 </span>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>samp</code></dfn> element</h4><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_79">Flow content</a>.</dd>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_64">Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Contexts in which this element can be used:</dt>
   <dd>Where <a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_65">phrasing content</a> is expected.</dd>
   <dt>Content model:</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_66">Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
   <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes" id="global-attributes_44">Global attributes</a></dd>
   <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
   <dd>Uses <code><a href="elements.html#htmlelement" id="htmlelement_50">HTMLElement</a></code>.</dd>
  </dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-samp-element" id="samp_3">samp</a></code> element <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/rendering.html#represents" title='Read about this "represents" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>represents</a> (sample)
  output from a program or computing system.<p class="note">See the <code><a href="the-pre-element.html#the-pre-element" id="pre_11">pre</a></code> and <code><a href="the-kbd-element.html#the-kbd-element" id="kbd_4">kbd</a></code>
  elements for more details.<div class="example">
   <p>This example shows the <code><a href="#the-samp-element" id="samp_4">samp</a></code> element being used
   inline:</p>
   <pre>&lt;p&gt;The computer said &lt;samp&gt;Too much cheese in tray
two&lt;/samp&gt; but I didn't know what that meant.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>

   <p>This second example shows a block of sample output. Nested
   <code><a href="#the-samp-element" id="samp_5">samp</a></code> and <code><a href="the-kbd-element.html#the-kbd-element" id="kbd_5">kbd</a></code> elements allow for the
   styling of specific elements of the sample output using a
   style sheet.</p>

   <pre>&lt;pre&gt;&lt;samp&gt;&lt;span class="prompt"&gt;jdoe@mowmow:~$&lt;/span&gt; &lt;kbd&gt;ssh demo.example.com&lt;/kbd&gt;
Last login: Tue Apr 12 09:10:17 2005 from mowmow.example.com on pts/1
Linux demo 2.6.10-grsec+gg3+e+fhs6b+nfs+gr0501+++p3+c4a+gr2b-reslog-v6.189 #1 SMP Tue Feb 1 11:22:36 PST 2005 i686 unknown

&lt;span class="prompt"&gt;jdoe@demo:~$&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="cursor"&gt;_&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/samp&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;</pre>
  </div>
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   <h1>HTML5 <span class="edition">Edition for Web Authors</span> <span class="rcsrevision">revision 1.4918</span></h1>
   </div><div>
   <a href="the-b-element.html">&larr; 4.6.17 The b element</a> &ndash;
   <a href="Overview.html#contents">Table of contents</a> &ndash;
   <a href="the-mark-element.html">4.6.19 The mark element &rarr;</a>
  </div>

  <h4 id="the-u-element"><span class="secno">4.6.18 </span>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>u</code></dfn> element</h4><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_84">Flow content</a>.</dd>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_79">Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Contexts in which this element can be used:</dt>
   <dd>Where <a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_80">phrasing content</a> is expected.</dd>
   <dt>Content model:</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_81">Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
   <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes" id="global-attributes_49">Global attributes</a></dd>
   <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
   <dd>Uses <code><a href="elements.html#htmlelement" id="htmlelement_55">HTMLElement</a></code>.</dd>
  </dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-u-element" id="u_2">u</a></code> element <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/rendering.html#represents" title='Read about this "represents" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>represents</a> a span of text
  with an unarticulated, though explicitly rendered, non-textual
  annotation, such as labeling the text as being a proper name in
  Chinese text (a Chinese proper name mark), or labeling the text as
  being misspelt.<p>In most cases, another element is likely to be more appropriate:
  for marking stress emphasis, the <code><a href="the-em-element.html#the-em-element" id="em_9">em</a></code> element should be
  used; for marking key words or phrases either the <code><a href="the-b-element.html#the-b-element" id="b_13">b</a></code>
  element or the <code><a href="the-mark-element.html#the-mark-element" id="mark_2">mark</a></code> element should be used, depending
  on the context; for marking book titles, the <code><a href="the-cite-element.html#the-cite-element" id="cite_13">cite</a></code>
  element should be used; for labeling text with explicit textual
  annotations, the <code><a href="the-ruby-element.html#the-ruby-element" id="ruby_3">ruby</a></code> element should be used; for
  labeling ship names in Western texts, the <code><a href="the-i-element.html#the-i-element" id="i_22">i</a></code> element
  should be used.<p class="note">The default rendering of the <code><a href="#the-u-element" id="u_3">u</a></code> element
  in visual presentations clashes with the conventional rendering of
  hyperlinks (underlining). Authors are encouraged to avoid using the
  <code><a href="#the-u-element" id="u_4">u</a></code> element where it could be confused for a
  hyperlink.
--- NEW FILE: the-cite-element.html ---
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</script><link href="the-s-element.html" rel="prev" title="4.6.5 The s element">
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  <link href="the-q-element.html" rel="next" title="4.6.7 The q element">
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   <p><a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img alt="W3C" height="48" src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" width="72"></a></p>

   <h1>HTML5 <span class="edition">Edition for Web Authors</span> <span class="rcsrevision">revision 1.4918</span></h1>
   </div><div>
   <a href="the-s-element.html">&larr; 4.6.5 The s element</a> &ndash;
   <a href="Overview.html#contents">Table of contents</a> &ndash;
   <a href="the-q-element.html">4.6.7 The q element &rarr;</a>
  </div>

  <h4 id="the-cite-element"><span class="secno">4.6.6 </span>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>cite</code></dfn> element</h4><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_72">Flow content</a>.</dd>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_42">Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Contexts in which this element can be used:</dt>
   <dd>Where <a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_43">phrasing content</a> is expected.</dd>
   <dt>Content model:</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_44">Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
   <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes" id="global-attributes_37">Global attributes</a></dd>
   <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
   <dd>Uses <code><a href="elements.html#htmlelement" id="htmlelement_44">HTMLElement</a></code>.</dd>
  </dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-cite-element" id="cite_7">cite</a></code> element <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/rendering.html#represents" title='Read about this "represents" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>represents</a> the title
  of a work (e.g.
  a book,
  a paper,
  an essay,
  a poem,
  a score,
  a song,
  a script,
  a film,
  a TV show,
  a game,
  a sculpture,
  a painting,
  a theatre production,
  a play,
  an opera,
  a musical,
  an exhibition,
  a legal case report,
  etc). This can be a work that is being quoted or
  referenced in detail (i.e. a citation), or it can just be a work
  that is mentioned in passing.<p>A person's name is not the title of a work &mdash; even if people
  call that person a piece of work &mdash; and the element must
  therefore not be used to mark up people's names. (In some cases, the
  <code><a href="the-b-element.html#the-b-element" id="b_2">b</a></code> element might be appropriate for names; e.g. in a
  gossip article where the names of famous people are keywords
  rendered with a different style to draw attention to them. In other
  cases, if an element is <em>really</em> needed, the
  <code><a href="the-span-element.html#the-span-element" id="span_6">span</a></code> element can be used.)<div class="example">

   <p>This next example shows a typical use of the <code><a href="#the-cite-element" id="cite_8">cite</a></code>
   element:</p>

   <pre>&lt;p&gt;My favorite book is &lt;cite&gt;The Reality Dysfunction&lt;/cite&gt; by
Peter F. Hamilton. My favorite comic is &lt;cite&gt;Pearls Before
Swine&lt;/cite&gt; by Stephan Pastis. My favorite track is &lt;cite&gt;Jive
Samba&lt;/cite&gt; by the Cannonball Adderley Sextet.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>

  </div><div class="example">

   <p>This is correct usage:</p>

   <pre>&lt;p&gt;According to the Wikipedia article &lt;cite&gt;HTML&lt;/cite&gt;, as it
stood in mid-February 2008, leaving attribute values unquoted is
unsafe. This is obviously an over-simplification.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>

   <p>The following, however, is incorrect usage, as the
   <code><a href="#the-cite-element" id="cite_9">cite</a></code> element here is containing far more than the
   title of the work:</p>

   <pre class="bad">&lt;!-- do not copy this example, it is an example of bad usage! --&gt;
&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;cite&gt;the Wikipedia article on HTML&lt;/cite&gt;, as it
stood in mid-February 2008, leaving attribute values unquoted is
unsafe. This is obviously an over-simplification.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>

  </div><div class="example">

   <p>The <code><a href="#the-cite-element" id="cite_10">cite</a></code> element is obviously a key part of any
   citation in a bibliography, but it is only used to mark the
   title:</p>

   <pre>&lt;p&gt;&lt;cite&gt;Universal Declaration of Human Rights&lt;/cite&gt;, United Nations,
December 1948. Adopted by General Assembly resolution 217 A (III).&lt;/p&gt;</pre>

  </div><p class="note">A <em>citation</em> is not a <em>quote</em> (for
  which the <code><a href="the-q-element.html#the-q-element" id="q_3">q</a></code> element is appropriate).<div class="example">

   <p>This is incorrect usage, because <code><a href="#the-cite-element" id="cite_11">cite</a></code> is not for
   quotes:</p>

   <pre>&lt;p&gt;&lt;cite&gt;This is wrong!&lt;/cite&gt;, said Ian.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>

   <p>This is also incorrect usage, because a person is not a
   work:</p>

   <pre>&lt;p&gt;&lt;q&gt;This is still wrong!&lt;/q&gt;, said &lt;cite&gt;Ian&lt;/cite&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>

   <p>The correct usage does not use a <code><a href="#the-cite-element" id="cite_12">cite</a></code> element:</p>

   <pre>&lt;p&gt;&lt;q&gt;This is correct&lt;/q&gt;, said Ian.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>

   <p>As mentioned above, the <code><a href="the-b-element.html#the-b-element" id="b_3">b</a></code> element might be relevant
   for marking names as being keywords in certain kinds of
   documents:</p>

   <pre>&lt;p&gt;And then &lt;b&gt;Ian&lt;/b&gt; said &lt;q&gt;this might be right, in a
gossip column, maybe!&lt;/q&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>

  </div>
--- NEW FILE: the-hgroup-element.html ---
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   <h1>HTML5 <span class="edition">Edition for Web Authors</span> <span class="rcsrevision">revision 1.4918</span></h1>
   </div><div>
   <a href="the-h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-and-h6-elements.html">&larr; 4.4.6 The h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, and h6 elements</a> &ndash;
   <a href="Overview.html#contents">Table of contents</a> &ndash;
   <a href="the-header-element.html">4.4.8 The header element &rarr;</a>
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  <h4 id="the-hgroup-element"><span class="secno">4.4.7 </span>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>hgroup</code></dfn> element</h4><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_28">Flow content</a>.</dd>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#heading-content" id="heading-content_3">Heading content</a>.</dd>
   <dd><a href="dnd.html#formatblock-candidate" id="formatblock-candidate_5"><code title="">formatBlock</code> candidate</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Contexts in which this element can be used:</dt>
   <dd>Where <a href="content-models.html#flow-content" id="flow-content_29">flow content</a> is expected.</dd>
   <dt>Content model:</dt>
   <dd>One or more <code><a href="the-h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-and-h6-elements.html#the-h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-and-h6-elements" id="h1_7">h1</a></code>, <code><a href="the-h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-and-h6-elements.html#the-h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-and-h6-elements" id="h2_3">h2</a></code>, <code><a href="the-h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-and-h6-elements.html#the-h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-and-h6-elements" id="h3_2">h3</a></code>, <code><a href="the-h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-and-h6-elements.html#the-h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-and-h6-elements" id="h4_2">h4</a></code>, <code><a href="the-h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-and-h6-elements.html#the-h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-and-h6-elements" id="h5_2">h5</a></code>, and/or <code><a href="the-h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-and-h6-elements.html#the-h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-and-h6-elements" id="h6_3">h6</a></code> elements.</dd>
   <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
   <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes" id="global-attributes_15">Global attributes</a></dd>
   <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
   <dd>Uses <code><a href="elements.html#htmlelement" id="htmlelement_22">HTMLElement</a></code>.</dd>
  </dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-hgroup-element" id="hgroup_10">hgroup</a></code> element <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/rendering.html#represents" title='Read about this "represents" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>represents</a> the
  heading of a section. The element is used to group a set of
  <code><a href="the-h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-and-h6-elements.html#the-h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-and-h6-elements" id="h1_8">h1</a></code>&ndash;<code><a href="the-h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-and-h6-elements.html#the-h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-and-h6-elements" id="h6_4">h6</a></code> elements when the heading has
  multiple levels, such as subheadings, alternative titles, or
  taglines.<p>For the purposes of document summaries, outlines, and the like,
  the text of <code><a href="#the-hgroup-element" id="hgroup_11">hgroup</a></code> elements is defined to be the text
  of the highest <a href="the-h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-and-h6-elements.html#rank" id="rank_0" title="rank">ranked</a>
  <code><a href="the-h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-and-h6-elements.html#the-h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-and-h6-elements" id="h1_9">h1</a></code>&ndash;<code><a href="the-h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-and-h6-elements.html#the-h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-and-h6-elements" id="h6_5">h6</a></code> element descendant of the
  <code><a href="#the-hgroup-element" id="hgroup_12">hgroup</a></code> element, if there are any such elements, and the
  first such element if there are multiple elements with that
  <a href="the-h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-and-h6-elements.html#rank" id="rank_1">rank</a>. If there are no such elements, then the text of
  the <code><a href="#the-hgroup-element" id="hgroup_13">hgroup</a></code> element is the empty string.<p>Other elements of <a href="content-models.html#heading-content" id="heading-content_4">heading content</a> in the
  <code><a href="#the-hgroup-element" id="hgroup_14">hgroup</a></code> element indicate subheadings or subtitles.<p>The <a href="the-h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-and-h6-elements.html#rank" id="rank_2">rank</a> of an <code><a href="#the-hgroup-element" id="hgroup_15">hgroup</a></code> element is the
  rank of the highest-ranked <code><a href="the-h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-and-h6-elements.html#the-h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-and-h6-elements" id="h1_10">h1</a></code>&ndash;<code><a href="the-h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-and-h6-elements.html#the-h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-and-h6-elements" id="h6_6">h6</a></code>
  element descendant of the <code><a href="#the-hgroup-element" id="hgroup_16">hgroup</a></code> element, if there are
  any such elements, or otherwise the same as for an <code><a href="the-h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-and-h6-elements.html#the-h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-and-h6-elements" id="h1_11">h1</a></code>
  element (the highest rank).<p>The section on <a href="the-address-element.html#headings-and-sections" id="headings-and-sections_2">headings and sections</a>
  defines how <code><a href="#the-hgroup-element" id="hgroup_17">hgroup</a></code> elements are assigned to individual
  sections.<div class="example">

   <p>Here are some examples of valid headings. In each case, the
   emphasized text represents the text that would be used as the
   heading in an application extracting heading data and ignoring
   subheadings.</p>

   <pre>&lt;hgroup&gt;
 &lt;h1&gt;<strong>The reality dysfunction</strong>&lt;/h1&gt;
 &lt;h2&gt;Space is not the only void&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;/hgroup&gt;</pre>

   <pre>&lt;hgroup&gt;
 &lt;h1&gt;<strong>Dr. Strangelove</strong>&lt;/h1&gt;
 &lt;h2&gt;Or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;/hgroup&gt;</pre>

  <p>The point of using <code><a href="#the-hgroup-element" id="hgroup_18">hgroup</a></code> in these examples is to
  mask the <code><a href="the-h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-and-h6-elements.html#the-h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-and-h6-elements" id="h2_4">h2</a></code> element (which acts as a secondary title)
  from the <a href="the-address-element.html#outline" id="outline_3">outline</a> algorithm.</p>
  </div>
--- NEW FILE: the-tr-element.html ---
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   <h1>HTML5 <span class="edition">Edition for Web Authors</span> <span class="rcsrevision">revision 1.4918</span></h1>
   </div><div>
   <a href="the-tfoot-element.html">&larr; 4.9.7 The tfoot element</a> &ndash;
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   <a href="the-td-element.html">4.9.9 The td element &rarr;</a>
  </div>

  <h4 id="the-tr-element"><span class="secno">4.9.8 </span>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>tr</code></dfn> element</h4><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
   <dd>None.</dd>
   <dt>Contexts in which this element can be used:</dt>
   <dd>As a child of a <code><a href="the-thead-element.html#the-thead-element" id="thead_15">thead</a></code> element.</dd>
   <dd>As a child of a <code><a href="the-tbody-element.html#the-tbody-element" id="tbody_11">tbody</a></code> element.</dd>
   <dd>As a child of a <code><a href="the-tfoot-element.html#the-tfoot-element" id="tfoot_14">tfoot</a></code> element.</dd>
   <dd>As a child of a <code><a href="the-table-element.html#the-table-element" id="table_27">table</a></code> element, after any
   <code><a href="the-caption-element.html#the-caption-element" id="caption_14">caption</a></code>, <code><a href="the-colgroup-element.html#the-colgroup-element" id="colgroup_10">colgroup</a></code>, and <code><a href="the-thead-element.html#the-thead-element" id="thead_16">thead</a></code>
   elements, but only if there are no <code><a href="the-tbody-element.html#the-tbody-element" id="tbody_12">tbody</a></code> elements that
   are children of the <code><a href="the-table-element.html#the-table-element" id="table_28">table</a></code> element.</dd>
   <dt>Content model:</dt>
   <dd>Zero or more <code><a href="the-td-element.html#the-td-element" id="td_7">td</a></code> or <code><a href="the-th-element.html#the-th-element" id="th_4">th</a></code> elements</dd>
   <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
   <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes" id="global-attributes_81">Global attributes</a></dd>
   <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
   <dd>
    <pre class="idl">interface <dfn aria-haspopup="true" id="htmltablerowelement" role="button" tabindex="0">HTMLTableRowElement</dfn> : <a href="elements.html#htmlelement" id="htmlelement_87">HTMLElement</a> {
  readonly attribute long <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/tabular-data.html#dom-tr-rowindex" title='Read about this "rowIndex" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>rowIndex</a>;
  readonly attribute long <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/tabular-data.html#dom-tr-sectionrowindex" title='Read about this "sectionRowIndex" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>sectionRowIndex</a>;
  readonly attribute <a href="urls.html#htmlcollection" id="htmlcollection_29">HTMLCollection</a> <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/tabular-data.html#dom-tr-cells" title='Read about this "cells" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>cells</a>;
  <a href="elements.html#htmlelement" id="htmlelement_88">HTMLElement</a> <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/tabular-data.html#dom-tr-insertcell" title='Read about this "insertCell" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>insertCell</a>(in optional long index);
  void <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/tabular-data.html#dom-tr-deletecell" title='Read about this "deleteCell" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>deleteCell</a>(in long index);
};</pre>
   </dd>
  </dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-tr-element" id="tr_17">tr</a></code> element <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/rendering.html#represents" title='Read about this "represents" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>represents</a> a <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/tabular-data.html#concept-row" title='Read about this "row" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>row</a> of <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/tabular-data.html#concept-cell" title='Read about this "cells" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>cells</a> in a <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/tabular-data.html#concept-table" title='Read about this "table" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>table</a>.<dl class="domintro"><dt><var title="">tr</var> . <code title="dom-tr-rowIndex"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/tabular-data.html#dom-tr-rowindex" title='Read about this "rowIndex" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>rowIndex</a</code></dt>

   <dd>

    <p>Returns the position of the row in the table's <code title="dom-table-rows"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/tabular-data.html#dom-table-rows" title='Read about this "rows" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>rows</a></code> list.</p>

    <p>Returns &minus;1 if the element isn't in a table.</p>

   </dd>

   <dt><var title="">tr</var> . <code title="dom-tr-sectionRowIndex"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/tabular-data.html#dom-tr-sectionrowindex" title='Read about this "sectionRowIndex" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>sectionRowIndex</a></code></dt>

   <dd>

    <p>Returns the position of the row in the table section's <code title="dom-tbody-rows"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/tabular-data.html#dom-tbody-rows" title='Read about this "rows" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>rows</a></code> list.</p>

    <p>Returns &minus;1 if the element isn't in a table section.</p>

   </dd>

   <dt><var title="">tr</var> . <code title="dom-tr-cells"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/tabular-data.html#dom-tr-cells" title='Read about this "cells" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>cells</a></code></dt>
   <dd>

    <p>Returns an <code><a href="urls.html#htmlcollection" id="htmlcollection_30">HTMLCollection</a></code> of the <code><a href="the-td-element.html#the-td-element" id="td_8">td</a></code> and <code><a href="the-th-element.html#the-th-element" id="th_5">th</a></code> elements of the row.</p>

   </dd>

   <dt><var title="">cell</var> = <var title="">tr</var> . <code title="dom-tr-insertCell"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/tabular-data.html#dom-tr-insertcell" title='Read about this "insertCell" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>insertCell</a></code>( [ <var title="">index</var> ] )</dt>

   <dd>

    <p>Creates a <code><a href="the-td-element.html#the-td-element" id="td_9">td</a></code> element, inserts it into the table
    row at the position given by the argument, and returns the
    <code><a href="the-td-element.html#the-td-element" id="td_10">td</a></code>.</p>

    <p>The position is relative to the cells in the row. The
    index &minus;1, which is the default if the argument is omitted,
    is equivalent to inserting at the end of the row.</p>

    <p>If the given position is less than &minus;1 or greater than
    the number of cells, throws an <code><a href="urls.html#index_size_err" id="index_size_err_9">INDEX_SIZE_ERR</a></code>
    exception.</p>

   </dd>

   <dt><var title="">tr</var> . <code title="dom-tr-deleteCell"><a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/tabular-data.html#dom-tr-deletecell" title='Read about this "deleteCell" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>deleteCell</a></code>(<var title="">index</var>)</dt>
   <dd>

    <p>Removes the <code><a href="the-td-element.html#the-td-element" id="td_11">td</a></code> or <code><a href="the-th-element.html#the-th-element" id="th_6">th</a></code> element with the
    given position in the row.</p>

    <p>The position is relative to the cells in the row. The index
    &minus;1 is equivalent to deleting the last cell of the row.</p>

    <p>If the given position is less than &minus;1 or greater than
    the index of the last cell, or if there are no cells, throws an
    <code><a href="urls.html#index_size_err" id="index_size_err_10">INDEX_SIZE_ERR</a></code> exception.</p>

   </dd>

  </dl>
--- NEW FILE: the-rt-element.html ---
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   <h1>HTML5 <span class="edition">Edition for Web Authors</span> <span class="rcsrevision">revision 1.4918</span></h1>
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  <h4 id="the-rt-element"><span class="secno">4.6.21 </span>The <dfn aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0"><code>rt</code></dfn> element</h4><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
   <dd>None.</dd>
   <dt>Contexts in which this element can be used:</dt>
   <dd>As a child of a <code><a href="the-ruby-element.html#the-ruby-element" id="ruby_6">ruby</a></code> element.</dd>
   <dt>Content model:</dt>
   <dd><a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" id="phrasing-content_88">Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
   <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
   <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes" id="global-attributes_52">Global attributes</a></dd>
   <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
   <dd>Uses <code><a href="elements.html#htmlelement" id="htmlelement_58">HTMLElement</a></code>.</dd>
  </dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-rt-element" id="rt_5">rt</a></code> element marks the ruby text component of a
  ruby annotation.<p>An <code><a href="#the-rt-element" id="rt_6">rt</a></code> element  <a class="full-spec-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/rendering.html#represents" title='Read about this "represents" reference in the full HTML5 spec.'>represents</a> an
  annotation (given by its children) for the zero or more nodes of
  phrasing content that immediately precedes it in the
  <code><a href="the-ruby-element.html#the-ruby-element" id="ruby_7">ruby</a></code> element, ignoring <code><a href="the-rp-element.html#the-rp-element" id="rp_2">rp</a></code> elements.

Received on Saturday, 7 May 2011 14:54:46 UTC